093 Transcription - Records 1775-1776.docx

St Helena Records 1775-1776

Introduction: This is the 55th volume in the series of St Helena Records, which summarises the proceedings of official meetings held by the island’s Governor and Council, during which matters of government, defence, supplies, justice and discipline were discussed and recorded.

Source: Images of the original records can be viewed on the British Library’s website: https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP1364-1-1-55.

Referencing Text Locations: A dual numbering system has been adopted, combining the British Library film number with the manuscript’s original page number. These are presented in the format: British Library Film No. / Document Page No.

Text Inaccuracy: This transcription was produced by AI from handwritten document images held on the British Library's website, at about thirty pages per hour. Given the limitations described below, the text should be regarded as unreliable and used only as a search-and-find shortcut: once a relevant section has been located, it must always be checked against the source image via the hyperlinked Film Numbers listed in the main transcription table below.

Three specific problems affected the work. First, AI tends to prioritise meaning and readability at the expense of fidelity to the original, with a strong disposition to normalise spellings, expand abbreviations, and adjust grammar. It is particularly weak with unfamiliar surnames, and scrawled signatures often resist accurate transcription entirely. Transcriptions by eye of documents spanning four centuries have also shown that a single surname could be written in a wide variety of ways: the Crowie family name appears under six different spellings, and the Isaacs family name under sixteen. Searches for surnames are therefore hindered both by genuine variations in the originals and by mistranscriptions introduced by AI, and for this reason are best run phonetically. Second, the AI struggled with the late secretary hand, the script commonly used from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, in which the letter S appears in a form closely resembling a trailing L. Third, occasional passages in these volumes are written in a hand so obscure or poorly formed as to be difficult to read even by eye, sometimes compounded by heavy ink bleed-through from the reverse side or by the loss of sections of pages.

To mitigate these difficulties, a strict protocol was applied to each image, requiring the AI to rely solely on clearly visible ink strokes and to flag any uncertain reading, thereby reducing the risk of inferred or invented text. Two conventions are used. [...] marks text that could not be read with confidence; this may represent a single unreadable word, a full sentence, or occasionally an entire paragraph. Square brackets around letters or words indicate a conjectural reading supplied by the transcriber: brackets around a whole word, for example [Bazett], mean the entire word was unclear and a probable reading has been supplied, while brackets around individual letters within an otherwise readable word, for example B[a]z[e]tt, mean only those specific letters were unclear in the source and the unbracketed letters were legibly present.

Pagination: The pages are not numbered. Therefore, for reference purposes, the first page of the records on Film No. 8 is designated as page 1 (location 8/1), with numbering continuing sequentially through the end of the volume.

Dates: The Council's first meeting took place on 27 February 1775, with the final meeting occurring on 8 March 1776. All the sessions were convened during the administration of John Skottowe (1764-1782).

AI Generated Summary

Introduction

The records run from February 1775 to 8 March 1776, with the pay lists reaching back to January 1775. Governor John Skottowe presided at the Castle with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham. Captain Henry Bazett wrote on 1 May 1775 that Britain was at peace; fighting had begun in Massachusetts on 19 April 1775, but the minutes never mention the American war. Company ships called from February to 23 July 1775, the road then stood almost empty until the Anson arrived on 9 October 1775, and the next season opened with the Northumberland on 1 January 1776. [Film No. 8–57, 108, 258–307, 408–461]

Governance and Administration

The Council met at the Castle each Monday, with extra sittings when ships pressed, and adjourned for want of business on 6 March, 2 October and 4 December 1775. Minutes were approved and signed at the next meeting, so Bazett signed those of 30 March 1775 and Wrangham those of 1 January 1776 although both were absent; Wrangham was also ill on 8 June 1775 and Corneille on 6 November 1775. The Council told Henry Bazett on 1 May 1775 that it could not grant leave, and in June 1775 it appointed officers and allotted houses only "until the Company's wishes were known". [Film No. 8–9, 114–115, 139, 143, 157, 258–307, 353, 360, 366]

The Osterley brought the Court of Directors' packet on 30 March 1775, answering the island's letters of 1774 on the garrison's disorders, Tippet's conduct, Matthew Purling's departure, the arrack society and the dispute with Captain Young; the minutes record only that the orders were read. The Hampshire brought another packet on 11 June 1775, and next day the Council read it and summoned those named to hear the orders concerning them. [Film No. 25, 145]

On 12 April 1775 the Council wrote to Warren Hastings as Governor General and the Supreme Council, not to the President and Council of Fort William as in 1774, following the Regulating Act of 1773. Letters also went to Alexander Wynch at Fort St George, William Hornby at Bombay, Richard Wyatt at Fort Marlborough and the supercargoes at Canton, all by way of Bencoolen with lists of ships called. On 24 June 1775 it wrote again to Hastings, Hornby and Wyatt, enclosing copies of the April letters; Wyatt also received the Hampshire's manifest, charter party and victualling bill and was asked to forward letters to the presidencies and Canton. [Film No. 41–45, 150–152]

An advertisement of 10 April 1775, repeating that of 28 March 1774 almost word for word, called the inhabitants to a vestry at the chapel in James Valley. On 17 April 1775 they offered more names than places and the Council chose: John Alexander sheriff over Richard Goodwin and Orlando Bagley, Jonathan Doveton and Thomas Bazett churchwardens (sworn 15 May 1775), Francis Seale, Samuel Knipe and William Jenkins overseers of the East, West and South Divisions and Hugh Jones constable, each serving under a Council warrant. [Film No. 38–39, 106, 135]

The civil establishment's quarterly pay was unchanged through 1775. Skottowe drew £150 0s 0d and £31 14s 9d for servants and Corneille £62 10s 0d with £25 0s 0d diet money. Bazett's £65 0s 0d combined £22 10s 0d as councillor, £27 10s 0d as accountant and £15 0s 0d diet money; Wrangham's £65 0s 0d came from five heads, as councillor, assistant to the Governor and paymaster with diet money and house rent. The chaplain Robartes Carr drew £55 0s 0d, the engineer James Tippet £50 0s 0d, the storekeeper Doveton £45 0s 0d, the secretary Britannicus Wright £42 10s 0d and John Goodwin, factor and collector of customs, £37 10s 0d. Writers drew £7 10s 0d, less than their £10 0s 0d diet money and £2 10s 0d house rent, and Robert Leech added £6 16s 10½d as clerk of the works. Diet money ran by rank from £25 0s 0d to £10 0s 0d, and house rent went to those without a Company house; Wright lost his by June 1775. Other posts included Philip Mahoney, clerk of the peace (£36 14s 4½d), John Scott, register master of leases, deeds and wills (£10 0s 0d), Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves (£10 0s 0d), John Price, marshal and gaoler (£7 10s 0d), Thomas Yates, parish clerk (£6 10s 0d) and John King, patron of the longboat (£7 10s 0d). [Film No. 70–71, 109, 202–204, 275–277, 397–399]

Thomas Statham, an army lieutenant, served as assistant surgeon from 7 November 1774 to 12 June 1775, when David Kay succeeded him with £13 15s 0d salary, £10 0s 0d diet money and the right of private practice granted by the Court. On 22 July 1775 the surgeon Thomas Stroud complained that his £19 15s 0d salary had been fixed low because private patients had been reserved to him; citing 14 years' service, including a four-year voyage in the Boscawen, he asked for pay equal to other heads of department. The Court had not answered by December 1775. [Film No. 79, 203, 240–242, 276, 397–399]

The steward John Young resigned on 17 July 1775, the post needing constant attendance, and on 24 July 1775 the Council appointed George Lambe, recommended for his skill with accounts, with pay from 18 July. A notice of 28 August 1775 required each inhabitant to send the secretary a signed account of family, land and cattle by 20 September and to pay rents at the Castle on 30 September; the stores closed from 4 September to 2 October, and on 4 September Corneille was appointed to take stock. [Film No. 174, 226, 243, 253–254, 276]

On 15 January 1776 Mahoney asked to retire after years of illness had weakened his body, mind and eyesight, proposing that a young man named Germain take the post at half salary, the other half becoming his life pension. On 22 January 1776 Stroud and Kay certified a stomach and head disorder with fever that returned yearly with the warm weather, and judged a cooler climate his only hope. The Council promised its strongest recommendation, since only the Court could grant a pension. [Film No. 428–433]

Military Affairs and Defence

The garrison comprised four infantry companies and an Artillery Company. In January to March 1775 captains drew £59 6s 3d a quarter (Corneille £39 6s 3d for the First Company, restored to the full rate by December), sergeants £7 10s 0d, corporals and drummers £5 5s 0d, privates £3 15s 0d and sergeant major John Terry £12 0s 0d; artillery ranks ran from £9 0s 0d for a sergeant to £4 10s 0d for a matross. Pay ran by the day, 10d for a private, so quarters of 91 and 92 days paid sergeants £7 11s 8d and £7 13s 4d and privates £3 15s 10d and £3 16s 8d. Solomon St Maurice was captain of the Fourth Company and master at arms and Thomas Bazett lieutenant and superintendent of the works. Names such as Hans Peter, John Christian Ruff and Hendrick Hoffstall mark foreign recruits, and the drum and fife majors were paid to train island boys. Pay lists totalled £4,139 13s 4½d, £4,142 11s 0½d, £4,240 19s 11d and £4,222 15s 5d for the four quarters of 1775. [Film No. 71–73, 75, 77–79, 82, 86–87, 94, 205, 222, 277–278, 400–403, 409]

After a court martial in January 1775 Captain James Tippet, engineer and captain of artillery, was suspended from 13 January to 13 February 1775, losing a month's engineer's pay and drawing £39 0s 0d as captain; Lieutenant Robert Gillson, with whom he had quarrelled, was dismissed from 13 January. On 12 June 1775 the Council kept the artillery vacancy open in case the Court restored Gillson, but the Court had already filled it with James Molloy, paid from 11 June. [Film No. 70, 86, 145, 208, 216]

On 12 June 1775, with three second lieutenancies vacant and the guard at Banks's without an officer, the Council made the cadet Richard Knipe, recommended by Purling on 30 May 1774, and the private Arthur Upton, commended by the Court for his family and education, acting second lieutenants on full pay from 14 June; John Leech replaced Knipe as cadet. Henry Bazett resigned on 1 May 1775 after 23 years to fetch his daughter from England in the Royal Charlotte, drew pay to 8 May and was promised the Council's strongest commendation; his Second Company stayed without a captain into 1776. [Film No. 113–115, 145, 204, 208, 278, 400–403]

Terms of a draft enlisted about 1770 expired together. Twenty-two men re-enlisted for £10 0s 0d each in January to March 1775, 18 of them between 21 and 23 March, and in April to June 1775 a list naming 45 men totalled £460 0s 0d, so bounties cost about £680 0s 0d in six months. Discharges nevertheless followed: Sergeant John Walters and six men on 27 March 1775, Sergeant Thomas Mears from 6 April, Sergeant William Taylor and five privates with Samuel Kitson and William Brooks after 32 and 28 years on 8 May, Robert Frost on 8 May, Sergeant Thomas Rhodes, two matrosses and three privates on 15 May and two privates on 22 May. Emanuel Bonner, ill with five months to serve, left on 27 March 1775 while William Greenwood served out his time; John Parker served the last three months of Thomas Penrice (entered as Thomas Pounce), released on 8 May 1775, and then stood for the matross John Leedham, discharged on 8 January 1776. Francis Mears was discharged on 24 July 1775 and Ralph Clavering on 19 February 1776, and on 26 February 1776 the matross William Hurst left after finding James Lowes, discharged at Madras and landed from the Colebrooke, to serve his term, as the matross John Anderson was discharged. Greenwood re-enlisted on 3 August 1775 for £15 0s 0d and William Gissing on 2 October 1775 for £10 0s 0d. [Film No. 21, 27, 85, 87–88, 102, 111, 117, 121, 125, 134–135, 205, 209, 212, 230, 232, 234, 243, 280, 289, 367, 414–415, 446, 455]

Recruits were few. On 27 March 1775 Captain Riddell of the Bessborough handed over the Bombay deserters William Peall (William Pratt in the pay list) and Thomas Brown, enlisted for £3 0s 0d each against £5 0s 0d paid to James Baird, a Madras deserter, in November 1774. Eight recruits from the Osterley joined on 30 March 1775 and 14 from the Hampshire on 11 June 1775, their ships' surgeons receiving 5s a head. On 3 July 1775 William Seale, island-born, was enlisted with £4 0s 0d; on 17 July 1775 the York handed over William Roberts, a deserter from Bencoolen, and Fort Marlborough returned Thomas Owen, who had stowed away from the island in 1774, both enlisted with £3 0s 0d, as was William Nichols. On 8 January 1776 Thomas Stork, discharged from the Bengal army, received £8 0s 0d. [Film No. 21, 27, 75, 102, 160, 174, 211, 220–221, 280, 286, 367]

Reductions in rank were never explained in the minutes. In February and March 1775 corporals Thomas Hart and William Jones were broken to private (7 February, 15 March) and replaced by John Fellows and George Clancy; bombardier Nicholas Godfrey was reduced on 15 February and died next day; corporal George Street and gunner Richard Morgan fell to matross on 22 February. On 16 May 1775 corporals Caleb Broadway, Benjamin Gerrard and John Fellows lost their stripes to Stephen Truman, Thomas Williams and John Terrell, and on 3 May corporal Thomas Smith exchanged places with the private Michael Tooley. Gunner Samuel Parker became a matross on 15 August 1775, Sergeant Joseph Dailey went straight to private on 18 September 1775 (Hatten Walker and John Kelly promoted), bombardier John McNabb fell to matross on 31 October 1775 (Joseph Peele and James Renton promoted) and Sergeant William Bridgeford went to private on 19 December 1775 (Jacob Penn and John Payne promoted). Vacancies above private were filled the same day by chains of promotion, as when Corporal John Potts and Private James McShane rose on 7 April 1775 and George Roe and John Gazell on 10 May 1775. [Film No. 72–74, 76–77, 86–89, 205–207, 209–216, 287–289, 291, 409–411, 413, 416]

Soldiers' deaths included privates James Brown (24 January 1775), Peter Dilks (13 February) and Thomas Palmer (25 February); the matrosses John White, Thomas Gorall and James Burn, all on 27 March 1775; John Bowler (28 April), whose full bounty was paid; Thomas Smith of the First Company (2 May); Sergeant Samuel Warren (22 May), whose estate got 40s; William Stedman (21 July); Adam Evans (22 September); Joseph Jones (31 October), whose estate got 40s; and Thomas Hutching (13 November). The matross George Marshall drowned in a cove at Turk's Cap on 14 September 1775 and Private William Hopkins was found dead in a gully near Longwood on 20 September; inquest juries returned accidental death, each inquest costing £1 5s 0d. The sick were shipped home at £5 0s 0d a head: William Scotman, William Waite and John Barber in the True Briton on 15 April 1775, Brooks and Samuel Hobson in the Speke, John Tubb in the Sea Horse and David Patten in the Anson. Discharged soldiers awaiting passage were kept at 6d a day, 176 days in January to March 1775. [Film No. 8, 83, 85, 87–89, 102, 104, 111, 125, 211, 215, 217, 239, 257, 279, 286, 293, 296, 353, 355, 411, 414]

The Council ordered a butt and range at Rupert's Valley in October 1774 after Corneille's complaint of April 1774, and Tippet reported it finished on 10 April 1775; its stores cost £26 3s 10d, including a canvas target painted red, white and black, and its labour £136 9s 0d for 2,411 labourers' days at 1s. Powder use was 587 lb 4 oz in February 1775 (150 guns), 702 lb 12 oz in March (63 guns stated against 68 itemised), 735 lb 6 oz in April (223 guns), 856 lb 1 oz in May (192 guns), 650 lb 1 oz in June (109 guns), 835 lb 8 oz in July (70 guns), 337 lb 3 oz in August (no gun fired), 629 lb 5 oz in September (34 guns), 977 lb 3 oz in October (118 guns), 468 lb 11 oz in November, 319 lb 3 oz in December (no gun fired) and 449 lb 4 oz in January 1776 (24 guns). Most went on practice at Rupert's and field days on the parade, held on 25 April, 29 May, 26 July, 28 August, 30 September, 30 October and 27 November 1775 and 29 January 1776. Blasting took 397 lb in July 1775, 80 lb in October and a separate charge for the smith's and armourer's shops' site in January 1776. Powder was sold to Wrangham (25 lb in September and 6 lb in October 1775) and 3 lb to gentlemen in January 1776. [Film No. 8, 35–36, 63, 67–69, 115, 122, 135, 143–144, 169, 230, 244, 247, 255, 263, 268, 302, 355, 359, 369, 434, 440]

Outpost four- and three-pounders fired alarms for sails sighted, as at Prosperous Bay and Turk's Cap, and the eighteen-pounders at Purling's Battery on 23 and 31 March 1775; each Company ship sent her boat ahead to Banks's, and express messengers (15 in January to March and 16 in April to June 1775) carried word to the Castle. Town nine- and six-pounders gave salutes: nine guns for a Company commander, 13 for Captain James Cook on 15 and 21 May 1775 and for Colonel Alexander Champion on 10 July 1775, 15 for a Danish governor on 4 June 1775 and 17 for Admiral Sir Robert Harland, who arrived from the King's East Indies squadron with the Northumberland, Oxford, Buckingham and Prudent on 13 February 1775, landing and embarking on 18 February, against 15 earlier for Sir Robert Barker and 13 for Commodore Lloyd. On 28 April 1775 two shot from the eighteen-pounders forced an arriving French ship to salute first. On 25 October 1775 the garrison fired 70 guns, the only firing of the year from the 32-, 24- and 18-pounders guarding James Bay, using 359 lb 4 oz to mark George III's accession. [Film No. 8, 10, 36, 63, 102, 111, 122, 143, 169, 226, 244, 355]

The garrison account protected the ration: 633 extra pieces of pork worth £106 0s 2d made up short weight in January to March 1775, 515 in April to June and 962 in October to December, as older casks shrank in the brine. Train oil for barracks and guards was 195, 141, 101 and 178 gallons in the four quarters. The yearly clothing issue of April to June 1775 cost over £1,000 0s 0d for more than 480 sets of coats and breeches, with 599 shirts, 502 hats, 559 pairs each of shoes and stockings, thread for alteration and 191 blankets marked with Venetian red as Company property. July to September 1775 (£191 9s 1d) brought 186 yards of canvas for cots, three watch coats, 12 frying pans and 50 small Books of Common Prayer; October to December cost £256 17s 9d. Deals and nails for coffins appear each quarter. Soldiers bought 232 shirts and 334 pairs of shoes from the stores in January to March 1775 and 339 pairs of shoes in October to December, paying by stoppages. New carriages went to a three-pounder outpost in September 1775 and to two eighteen-pounders in November, carriages were painted with vermilion and red lead over white lead, mortars were covered, smiths spent 83 days cleaning small arms and the magazine received a new lock and bolt. [Film No. 56, 63, 191–192, 199, 302, 318–320, 361, 382, 388–389]

Settlement and Public Works

Three new houses for Company servants on the site of the old church, with two storerooms, were under way by 10 April 1775, when Tippet reported progress and was told to finish with all speed. One answered Wrangham's request of 6 February 1775, against Corneille's objection to arbitrary allotment, and the storerooms met the complaint of May 1774 that cables, carriages and timber were spoiling. On 26 June 1775 the houses were allotted to Wrangham, Stroud and the adjutant Lieutenant Charles Ross Stewart, whose official house had been demolished for the new church. Wage rates were 1s a day for labourers, 1s 6d for craftsmen and 2s for overseers. [Film No. 36, 92, 155–157]

Spending on the houses ran each quarter of 1775 as follows: January to March, stores £24 18s 3d (timber, including Riga fir, £20 0s 4d) and labour £76 0s 6d; April to June, stores £137 19s 1d (timber £119 7s 0d) and wages £251 11s 0d for 2,985 labourers' days and 427 of stone blasting, against 1,263 and 18; July to September, stores £107 1s 3d (timber £81 5s 3d, including 14½ pieces of Riga timber at £36 0s 10d) and £200 5s 6d with 513 blasting days; October to December, stores £108 12s 10d, including 89 bundles of laths, nearly 600 window panes worth £20 1s 7d and three street-door locks, and wages £271 19s 6d for 3,413 labourers' days. Ready-made sashes, banisters, newels and carved brackets from England and 10 yards of two-inch lead pipe lay in store on 30 September 1775. Eight officers, among them Stewart, Robert Girling, Statham, John Skelley and Molloy, drew house rent while the houses stood unfinished. [Film No. 61–62, 69, 98, 200–201, 228, 300, 328, 339, 342, 387, 395–396, 409, 418, 420]

Tippet reported on 10 July 1775 that a large storeroom was finished, its storeroom having taken £62 7s 7d of wages in January to March and £18 1s 6d in April to June. He proposed a dairy and larder at Plantation House and a drain from the stores, and the Council added drains at the slave house and the hospital yard. On 9 October 1775 he reported the dairy, larder and drains from the stores and the slaves' square finished, costing £116 0s 0d for Plantation House and the dairy; the hospital yard was paved in October to December. On 8 January 1776 he reported work on an armourer's and a blacksmith's shop (ground preparation £14 9s 9d) and a wall from the Governor's garden to the entrance of Plantation House, blaming slow progress on materials. [Film No. 166–167, 265–266, 370, 418, 422]

Lime was burned at Sandy Bay and carried round by boat to James Bay in canvas bags sewn by sailmakers (78 days in January to March and 119 in July to September 1775). Burning and carrying cost £62 17s 6d, £42 12s 6d, £54 10s 0d and £53 7s 6d in the four quarters of 1775, and 13 chaldrons of English coal for the kilns cost £28 16s 0d in July to September. The fortifications account for that quarter (£65 17s 10d) also issued a stone saw, 23 masons' chisels and an iron riddle for dressing local tuff. [Film No. 67–68, 100, 228, 300, 326–328, 418]

Painters and plasterers worked in the Castle in January to March 1775 (£29 10s 6d), and John Robinson supplied rafters and joists for the Lieutenant Governor's house and Plantation House for £7 12s 6d. Repairs cost £10 5s 10d in April to June, £35 18s 8d in July to September, when the Lieutenant Governor's house took £8 2s 0d of paint including verdigris and Prussian blue, and £11 9s 1d in October to December, all at Plantation House, painted green and white; Plantation House works cost a further £27 15s 6d. Labourers built a cart road to Longwood in January to March 1775 for £26 11s 6d and worked on the Ladder Hill road and the Castle steps. Ships' spars served as beams: Bazett sold a sheer mast and topmast for £15 0s 0d in July to September 1775, and on 27 February 1776 the Council bought a sheer mast from Captain Arthur Morris of the Colebrooke for £20 0s 0d and a sheer mast and topmast from Captain William Thomson of the Calcutta. [Film No. 61–62, 66, 92, 98, 100, 189–190, 296, 316–318, 387, 396, 418, 424, 456–457]

On 29 January 1776 Corneille reported that the house allowed him at Longwood five years earlier had been deferred for the public works; he had fitted up the old house and fenced four to five acres as a pleasure garden for £175 5s 0d. He offered to give up the new house in exchange for a parlour and servants' room, saving £400 0s 0d to £500 0s 0d, and the Council ordered materials collected. Company labour on his Longwood garden had been charged at 78 days in April to June and 79 in July to September 1775, some 316 days in the year. [Film No. 224, 300, 424, 434–435]

Land and Agriculture

All land was the Company's, held free or on lease. On 13 March 1775 John Bagley junior asked to enclose waste beside his holding at Bolstone's Ridge; Wrangham inspected and valued it at 3s 6d an acre, and it was let on 20 March. The same day William Seale's leases of 10 and 5½ acres (rents fixed on 27 March at 5s and 1s 6d an acre) and Orlando Bagley's 8 acres in Deep Valley were renewed, and on 3 April Seale surrendered five leases of 47 acres, half to Orlando Bagley and half to John Seale. On 24 April 1775 Wrangham surrendered 21½ acres in the South Division to John Seale. [Film No. 12–14, 20, 28, 107]

As trustee for the heirs of Margaret Alcock, Wrangham obtained leave on 19 June 1775 to auction 11 acres in the South Division. On 26 June 1775 he paid £1 0s 0d, half a year's rent per name, to replace Margaret and David Alcock with John and Emelia Wrangham on a lease of 1¼ acres in the valley, auctioned with two other Alcock plots of 1 acre and 2,940 square feet; on 28 August 1775 he paid 10s to replace David Alcock with John Wrangham on 12 acres in Sandy Valley. [Film No. 146, 155, 237, 252, 258]

Rents paid on 30 September 1775 came to £623 17s 5d from 2,205½ acres of free land, which bore a light quitrent, and 2,316½ leased acres at 1s to 4s an acre; Jonathan Doveton paid £3 12s 11d on 128½ free acres and Isaac Doveton £14 1s 0d on 39½ leased acres. Wrangham paid most, £35 7s 8d on 165½ free and 142½ leased acres, including 1½ acres at 20s, and Bazett £33 2s 10½d on 212 free acres. Jamestown residents paid ground rent alone, among them James Desfountain, William Webber Doveton, Samuel Desfountain, Michael Frost and Hugh Jones, and "The society" paid 4s. The same day Orlando Bagley's 8 acres in the East Division were renewed and John Bagley granted 25¼ acres in the South Division. [Film No. 260–263]

On 15 January 1776 Samuel Knipe senior asked for waste land beside his ground at Horse Pasture, and Stewart for a piece Richard Girling had given up from the lease Stewart held, for which he still paid rent, with more waste running to the road. On 22 January 1776 Gabriel Alexander Harper objected that his adjoining farm had no water and that he watered, milked and grazed his cattle at night on that common, whose watering place served almost all the cattle on Red Hill. The Council divided the land between Stewart and Harper by nearness to their farms at 2s 6d an acre. On 29 January 1776 Tippet asked for waste land on Thompson's Hill, and inspections were ordered. [Film No. 428–429, 431–432, 437]

The Company flock, which the Council resolved to restock on 9 January 1775, rose from 215 to 427 by 31 March 1775 through 178 sheep bought and 80 from the Cape, with only 29 killed against 80 in the previous quarter. It reached 475 by 30 June (47 lambs and 112 bought, against 68 killed and 43 dead), fell to 431 by 30 September (71 lambs against 60 wethers killed and 43 dead) and rose to 450 by 31 December 1775 (63 sheep, mostly ewes, bought from planters and 40 wethers received, against 60 killed, 29 dead and five lambs). Cattle stood at 273, 284, 302, 307 and 300 at these dates, five bulls being sold for £34 13s 0d in April to June and five beasts going aboard the Eagle; goats fell from 115 to 92. Island ewes cost about 23s, ships' sheep 15s (60 from the Ceres on 12 April 1775 and 40 from the Sea Horse in June) and 12 from Captain Daniel Clarke 8s on 6 April 1775; Gabriel Keeper sold 10 for £10 13s 6d. [Film No. 34, 49, 54, 65, 92, 168, 237, 267, 368]

Yams issued to the Company's slaves were 70,540 in January to March 1775, against 16,840 in the failed previous quarter, then 28,700, 11,930 and 47,170; livestock received 20,220, 19,670 and 4,120 in the first three quarters. Only 4,650 yams were bought in January to March; George Seale supplied 17,530 at two prices in April to June and John Worrall 2,600 for the Longwood herd for £3 18s 0d in July to September. [Film No. 34, 168, 226, 267, 368]

Plantation stores cost £24 3s 4d, £30 17s 9d, £24 15s 8d and £34 7s 5d in the four quarters of 1775, and provisions sold for £7 12s 5d, £57 8s 9½d, £22 6s 2d and £38 1s 8½d. Paddy fed poultry and horses, rising to 65 cwt in October to December. Carpenters and smiths built a cart in January to March 1775; four ox yokes and eight ox bows were issued in April to June and plank for carts in July to September. Two skimming dishes in April to June 1775 show butter already made, and the new dairy received 12 milk pans in October to December, when the Company had 102 cows. Benjamin Sack was paid £3 9s 0d and Benjamin Seale later for overseeing the plantations, Captain Biddle £5 0s 0d for Cape garden seeds and a man £10 14s 11d for killing rats and mice for a year. A pair of wool cards was sold in January to March 1775, and 10 pairs of sheep shears and three pairs of cards in July to September. [Film No. 54, 65–66, 94, 100, 105, 195–196, 224, 226, 237, 307, 323–324, 367–368, 391–392, 418]

On 7 August 1775 the inhabitants, through the churchwardens, proposed selling live cattle to ships by weight, guesswork at 5d a pound for dressed meat and 3d for offal having bred disputes. A vestry trial found live weight to meat at about 16 to 9, and the Council fixed 3½d a pound live, the seller paying the clerk of the market 1s 3d a head. In December 1775 a notice required each planter to report by the 28th the cattle he would have for slaughter in 1776 and to supply that number, any accident to a promised beast to be reported within three days; bulls sold to ships were limited to one or two a year by leave, and horses, sheep and goats were to be listed. [Film No. 245–246, 361–363]

Supply and Provisioning

Canton supplies came by the Bessborough (20 March 1775, 1,006 taels 8 mace 1 candareen, including eight chests of china packed with sago), the Ceres (921 taels, invoiced 20 November 1774), the True Briton (807 taels of tea and sugar, invoiced 21 December 1774), the Royal Charlotte (26 April 1775, 837 taels 1 mace 8 candareens 1 cash, invoiced 10 January 1775) and the Lord North (15 February 1776, 1,053 taels 3 mace 4 cash, invoiced 20 November 1775). On 12 April 1775 the Council asked for the second grade of sugar candy only, Canton having sent half of the dearer first grade, and for 600 pieces of yellow nankeen for the soldiers; the Lord North still brought eight chests of first grade with 16 of second. Breakage exceeded Canton's 2 per cent allowance: 212 pieces from the Bessborough, more from the Ceres and about 80 from the Lord North, all in sound packages, so the loss fell on the Company. [Film No. 16–17, 37, 45–46, 111–113, 444, 446]

Bengal sent a fixed yearly supply of rice, paddy, sugar, wax candles, gunny cloth and Batavia arrack: the British King (24 March 1775, 1,733 rupees 6 annas 9 pies), the Dutton (15 May, 1,630 rupees 10 annas 9 pies), the Bute and Pacific (23 June, 1,717 rupees each), the Anson (9 October 1775, 4,534 rupees 2 annas 3 pies, of which six pipes of Madeira cost 2,592 rupees) and the Salisbury (25 February 1776, 2,834 rupees 4 annas 9 pies). Prices had fallen since 1774, sugar from 15 to 9 rupees a maund, candles from 70 to 60 and arrack from 250 to 216 a leaguer, while sloop hire on the Hooghly was 135 rupees, rising to 189 on the Anson and 232 on the Salisbury. The Council refused Bengal sugar on 28 April 1774, 12 April 1775 and 24 June 1775, China sugar costing 3 taels 5 mace a picul, and on 24 June 1775 also refused gunny cloth too loose for sandbags, yet both kept coming. It asked each year for six pipes of Madeira, eight maunds of wax candles by each ship and one leaguer of arrack; the Anson brought the Madeira and half a leaguer of Bengal rum as a trial, and the Salisbury two pipes. [Film No. 18–19, 24, 41, 127–128, 149–154, 265, 269–270, 451–452]

The Thames arrived from Bombay on 31 March 1775 with 300 Surat maunds of rice, batty and 10 corge of blue chelloes worth 1,593 rupees 0 quarters 26 reas. Her invoice charged 200 pieces of chelloes against 150 in the bill of lading and 148 received, and the Council wrote off 52 pieces to London and asked Bombay on 24 June 1775 to correct the slip. Bombay's order rose to 200 pieces on 12 April 1775, and Madras was asked for 300 pieces of longcloth in six grades from 12 pagodas a piece down to 2½. The Speke (27 April 1775, 192 pagodas 26 fanams 66 cash) and Sea Horse (31 May, 1,836 pagodas 24 fanams 43 cash, with longcloth up to 245 pagodas a corge) came from Madras, followed by the Nottingham (8 February 1776, 173 pagodas 32 fanams 53 cash, arrack at 44 pagodas a leaguer against 48 and gunny bags at 3 pagodas per 100 against 5) and the Colebrooke (20 February 1776, 172 pagodas 6 fanams 58 cash). The Calcutta came from Bombay on 22 February 1776 with beaten rice and batty. Every presidency was told in April 1775 that the island was short of rice and paddy each year. [Film No. 27, 30, 42–45, 112, 136–138, 151, 439–440, 447–448, 456]

Doveton logged short delivery on every ship. The Osterley's intact packages held broken crockery, glass and 86 tiles; the Hampshire's held broken glass, teapots, scythe stones and tiles, with 32 gallons of mountain wine short; rice, sugar, soap and cordage lost weight; arrack fell 5 gallons short on the Speke, 9 on the Sea Horse, 15 of 262 on the Anson and 30½ on the Nottingham; the Anson's Madeira was 43 gallons short of 666 and her rum 11 of 64, with 40 bags of paddy and two bales of gunny undelivered; the Colebrooke failed to deliver 19 bags of paddy; and the Salisbury was short 14 cwt of paddy, 7 cwt of rice and 12 gallons of Madeira. No claim against a ship followed. [Film No. 110, 120, 124, 129, 141, 158–159, 272, 440, 447–448, 461]

On 3 July 1775, on the Court's instruction, Doveton was ordered to examine the season's salt provisions and list bad casks by number for claims against the contractor, then the flour. On 8 July 1775 Doveton, James Desfountain and Robert Leech reported the Osterley's 12 pork casks good and seven of her 30 beef casks middling and seven bad, the Hampshire's five of 17 pork and 12 of 20 beef bad, blaming poor salting; her flour casks marked BEN and BB were slightly worse than those marked SH. Their completed survey of 16 October 1775 found all 134 of the Osterley's pork hogsheads good and her beef 19 good, 11 middling and four bad, and only four of the Hampshire's 42 beef casks good and 12 bad, though at least nine cask numbers appear under two grades. [Film No. 159–160, 164, 273–274]

Commanders sold the Company Cape and surplus provisions, paid by certificate settled in London: Captain Daniel Griffiths Hoare (David in the muster roll) of the British King 80 sheep, 123 cwt of flour and garden seeds for £267 12s 0d on 29 March 1775; Clarke 33 cwt of Cape flour at 24s a cwt on 6 April; Captain David Arthur of the Sea Horse 40 sheep, 15 sacks of wheat, 1,212 lb of cordage and 636 pieces of pork for £127 17s 0d on 8 June; Captain William Tryon of the Anson 498 pieces of beef at 2s and a jolly boat for £56 16s 0d on 20 October 1775; Captain James Rees (James Rae in the muster roll) of the Northumberland 45 sheep at 15s, Cape wheat at cost plus 25 per cent and 52 cwt of rice at 12s, £78 7s 0d, in January 1776; John Reed, mate of the Nottingham, 305 pieces of salt meat on 12 February 1776; Thomson of the Calcutta 22 sheep at 16s, 54 cwt of flour and seeds at a 50 per cent advance for £156 12s 0d on 27 February 1776; and Captain Philip Bromfield of the Salisbury 683 pieces for £68 6s 0d on 8 March 1776. Longboats came from Riddell (27 March 1775) and Captain Biddle, each £45 0s 0d, and on 17 July 1775 four bags of white pepper were taken from the York's homeward cargo. [Film No. 21–22, 24, 32, 92, 141, 173, 347, 372–373, 443, 457, 460–461]

The stocktaking signed by Corneille on 30 September 1775 valued the stores at £14,678 11s 0d, £12,642 11s 0d of it from Europe. Salt beef and pork, over 750 casks with 15 damaged entered apart, were worth £6,445 0s 2d and 563 casks of flour (about 85 tons) £1,608 9s 0d. The stores also held 1,398 gallons of arrack, 543 gallons of train oil and 390 of linseed oil, over 200 cwt of sugar candy (95 cwt fine grade), 2,220 soldiers' shirts, over 2,000 pairs of men's shoes, 1,632 pairs of stockings, seven anchors worth over £300 0s 0d, 162 pickaxes, 99 masons' mallets, 31 stone saws, over 26,000 fish hooks, 959 pairs of shoe buckles, over 150 yards of gold lace, three corn mills (£13 10s 10d), a spinning wheel, a constable's staff, public scales and beams worth over £26 0s 0d, over 6½ tons of bar iron, nearly a ton of steel and over 2½ tons of nails. Damaged goods auctioned in December 1775 fetched £2 7s 10d. [Film No. 330–345, 381]

On 23 October 1775 the Council accepted Doveton's waste account for the year to 30 September 1775, £113 11s 8d of leakage and short weight, including £50 14s 1d of sugar and candy and 137 gallons of arrack, releasing him from personal liability. [Film No. 350–351]

Goods sold to islanders at 10 per cent above cost totalled £1,929 5s 3d by the break in the January to March 1775 record, about £2,114 2s 6d in April to June, £2,041 15s 10d in July to September and £2,695 17s 9d in October to December; passengers and private traders paid 40 per cent. In January to March 1775 flour brought £590 3s 5d, most issued baked, salt pork outsold beef 5,001 pieces to 581 and tea brought £102 18s 10d. In April to June beef rose to 1,935 pieces as the badly salted casks were moved, and china sales quadrupled to £39 1s 7d after the Royal Charlotte's arrival. In July to September baked flour fell to 340 cwt from 485 while rice doubled, longcloth sales reached £313 4s 4d after the Sea Horse landed seven bales, 247 bottles of wine and 16 punch ladles were sold and train oil fell to 23 gallons from 82. In October to December baked flour rose to 601 cwt, pork to 6,658 pieces, train oil to 75½ gallons; islanders bought 311 gallons of the Anson's Madeira for £134 11s 4d. Fish hooks sold at over 4,700, about 3,150, about 5,500 and about 5,000 in the four quarters. Women and girls bought 158 pairs of shoes in April to June and 137 in July to September. [Film No. 50–57, 175–183, 303–311, 374–383]

Sales to Company ships were £185 11s 9d in January to March 1775, £247 7s 5d in April to June (£213 5s 2d of it an anchor and cable), £28 8s 3d in July to September; the Eagle bought at cost in November. [Film No. 58–59, 184–185, 312–313, 361]

The Company's table, monthly, drew £21 6s 8d of stores and bought £12 7s 0½d in February 1775; £23 5s 1d and £11 15s 8½d in March; £25 0s 6d and £11 11s 3d in April; £24 17s 10d and £10 8s 11d in May; £27 10s 1d and £9 1s 0½d in June; £20 0s 7½d and £9 8s 10½d in July; £22 2s 2d and £7 3s 4½d in August; £22 19s 8½d and £7 10s 5d in September; £29 8s 2d and £9 9s 3½d in October; £23 4s 10d and £29 0s 9d of stores with about £11 0s 0d bought in November and December; and over £46 0s 0d in January 1776. Beef was bought at 6d a pound and a coarse cut at 3½d. The Governor's separate table cost £58 5s 0d in January to March 1775, including turtle from Ascension, £162 6s 4d in April to June, including 10 firkins of butter for £35 0s 0d, £39 10s 8d in July to September, including 1,650 lemons, and £45 19s 2d in October to December, including partridges and pheasants shot by islanders; Corneille sold mutton to the Castle for £3 0s 0d in July to September. Diet expenses charged from the stores were £64 9s 4d, £142 1s 1d (with 24 dozen claret and 59 gallons of port), £114 4s 3d and £122 2s 9d in the four quarters; arrack for the Castle table was 76, 93 and 90 gallons in the first three. Candles for the Castle and Council cost £68 2s 0d for 454 lb, £94 6s 0d for 641 lb, £38 1s 0d and £53 9s 0d. [Film No. 11, 35–36, 60, 62–63, 102, 123, 144, 170, 185, 190–191, 224, 234, 248, 256, 268–269, 296, 314, 318, 356, 369, 384, 388, 420, 441]

Bread came from the bakehouse, overseen by the steward, where Francis Mears baked 195 batches a quarter at 1s 9d for £17 1s 3d, and £31 14s 0d of bread was bought at 2d a pound in January to March 1775. Doveton was paid £27 0s 0d for 135 hogsheads at 4s in October to December. [Film No. 59–60, 71, 94, 226, 296, 418, 425–426]

The hospital drew sugar, flour, rice, tea, sago and lamp oil but no salt meat: £15 5s 5d, £19 9s 3d, £27 10s 3d (including 45 gallons of port for £14 3s 2d) and £14 2s 2d in the four quarters of 1775. Its wards received bowls, platters, lamps and mops in April to June. Thomas Hancock and later Private Thomas Hendrick were paid for helping there, the surgeon's shop was rented at £5 0s 0d, Stroud was paid £13 4s 0d for extra mutton in April to June and £16 3s 6d with £8 0s 0d for his trouble for comforts beyond the 6d a day allowance in 1775. [Film No. 66, 71, 94, 196–197, 224, 236, 324–325, 393, 418]

Trade and Shipping

Company ships called homeward in 1775: the Bessborough from China (20–27 March), the British King from Bengal (24–31 March, carrying Colonel Grant and family), the Thames from Bombay (31 March–8 April, carrying 26 discharged Bombay soldiers and a Lieutenant Mason, perhaps the second lieutenant dismissed on 18 October 1773), the True Briton (2–15 April), the Dover from China (10 April), the Royal Charlotte (26 April–8 May), the Speke (27 April), the Dutton (15–21 May), the Sea Horse (31 May), the Bute and Pacific (23 June–10 July) and the York from Fort Marlborough (11–23 July). Outward ships were the Osterley (30 March, sailed for Fort Marlborough 28 April) and the Hampshire (11 June, sailed 9 July). The Anson stayed from 9 to 21 October 1775 and the Eagle packet from Fort Marlborough from 30 October to 3 November. In 1776 came the Northumberland (1–9 January), Nottingham (8–13 February), Lord North (15–23 February), Colebrooke and Calcutta (20 and 22 February, sailing together on 28 February) and Salisbury (25 February). Each ship's boat was logged to the hour at Banks's. [Film No. 13, 18, 22, 26, 30, 33, 46, 50, 111, 117, 127, 132, 135, 137, 143, 149, 161, 166, 173, 239–240, 347, 350, 352–353, 369, 371, 438–441, 443–444, 447, 451, 453, 458–459]

Foreign East Indiamen called freely: the French La Ste Anne (sailed 26 February 1775), La Brune of 350 tons from Pondicherry (16 March), Le Superbe of 1,400 tons and 212 men from China (14–18 April), a ship entered as Samerica and La Merica (28 April), another from Mauritius (26 May) and the Pondichery of 1,000 tons and 60 guns (sailed 27 June); the Swedish Prince Gustav and Sophia Magdalena, each of 1,000 tons, from China (1–5 April); the Danish King of Denmark and Crown Prince (3–8 April) and Ganges from Tranquebar with saltpetre and cloth (28 May); and the Dutch Morsseur, 600 tons, 26 guns and 83 men, from Batavia with pepper under Captain Hendrick Mulder (7–18 September 1775). Six ships believed Dutch passed at night on 22 February 1776, and others passed at a distance on 24 April, 5 May (five) and 22 July 1775 and 22 October 1775 (two). [Film No. 8, 13, 26, 30, 33, 50, 107, 111, 135, 149, 158, 255, 257, 350, 458]

On 3 April 1775 Captain Francis Fortescue of the Osterley complained that no longboat came to his ship; the Council answered that he had sent it away rather than pay its crew as port custom required, and entered its reply beside his letter, as with Captain Paul of the Harcourt in July 1774. On 24 April 1775 he protested the bill for Company workmen, asking for a reference to the Directors or a signed order; the Council issued the order and he paid £8 16s 0d for 16 coxswains' days at 2s and 96 labourers' days at 1s 6d, the patron John King signing with his mark. His ship's landing charges of £13 18s 0d exceeded any other's. On 12 April 1775, his 10 working days expired, he was ordered to the Cape to buy 1,244 bushels of wheat and 375 cwt of flour for Fort Marlborough and 100 bushels and 30 cwt for Balambangan, paying by bills on the Court. The Hampshire's Captain Thomas Timbrell received like orders on 24 June 1775 once her 10 days had run. [Film No. 28–29, 40, 44–46, 108–109, 152, 224]

Wrangham mustered every Company ship from the Bessborough to the Salisbury and found no deserters. Muster rolls list passengers such as Arthur Cuthbert with wife, two children and seven servants and Mrs Wood with four children and three servants (Speke), Susanna Arthur with her husband (Sea Horse), Colonel Champion (Pacific), Mrs Tryon and officers' families with nine servants (Anson), Lieutenant Colonels Corby and Blackwaite (Northumberland) and General Joseph Smith, former commander of the Madras army against Hyder Ali and Tanjore (Colebrooke). The Dutton carried 12 midshipmen. Crews included Frederick, Black Tom, October and Julius Caesar Clements (Royal Charlotte), Caesar, John Fernando, Lorenzo Selorea and Joseph Franco (Anson), Happy Freeman (Northumberland), Johanna (Colebrooke) and men with Iberian names on the Salisbury. The Nottingham's commander appears as both Peter Sealy and Peter Stoakes. [Film No. 19, 22, 30, 32, 117–119, 129–130, 139–140, 161–163, 243, 348, 371, 449, 452–453, 460]

Goods landed from the Alfred were carried from the crane in January to March 1775. The longboat and lighters drew £23 7s 5d of stores in January to March 1775, £48 13s 11d in April to June, £41 17s 9d in July to September and £15 8s 9d in October to December; 347 labourers' days went on carrying goods from the crane in April to June. [Film No. 66–67, 197–198, 224, 325–326, 394]

Finance, Currencies and Accounting

The treasury chest held £12,618 16s 0d at the end of February 1775 (£539 15s 0d of it in cash notes, which stood unchanged all year), £9,603 4s 9½d on 31 March, £10,811 17s 4½d on 30 April, £11,453 2s 5½d on 31 May, £10,549 11s 0½d on 30 June, £14,353 17s 0½d on 31 July, £14,354 7s 0½d on 31 August, £12,836 19s 0½d on 30 September, £15,080 0s 4½d on 31 October and 30 November, £13,000 17s 6½d on 31 December 1775 and £14,506 13s 6½d on 31 January 1776. Wrangham drew £5,186 9s 9½d for January to March 1775, £5,352 11s 2½d for April to June, £4,868 10s 10d for July to September and £4,838 17s 4½d for October to December, holding no float. Store receipts were £1,942 4s 0d, £2,129 0s 0d, £2,044 18s 8d and £2,707 8s 9d. [Film No. 15, 90–91, 103–105, 125–126, 146–148, 237–238, 250–251, 258, 295, 346, 358, 364–365, 417, 425–427, 445]

Arrack customs at 3d a gallon raised £43 19s 3d on 3,517 gallons in January to March 1775, £10 1s 6d on 806 gallons in April to June, £125 2s 3d on 10,009 gallons in July to September and 6s 3d on 25 gallons in October to December; licences brought £11 10s 0d. The Company paid the society £20 10s 0d at 10s a leaguer for 41 leaguers in July 1775. Other receipts on 30 September 1775 included rents, lime (£16 5s 3d), 33 lb of gunpowder (£1 13s 0d) and 5½ feet of Purbeck stone. The stores held 34,928 copper halfpence (£72 15s 4d) for small change. [Film No. 104–105, 237–238, 251, 331, 346, 445]

Bills of exchange on the Court at 90 days' sight carried private money to London. In 1775 they were sold to the Reverend William Bearcroft (£384 4s 7d, February), Henry Bazett (£150 0s 0d to Purling) and Stroud (£45 0s 0d) on 12 April, Fortescue (£1,000 0s 0d) and smaller sets to Corneille (£74 10s 0d to Captain John Bradley of the True Briton), Wrangham, Wright (£70 10s 0d to the Dutton's mate Thomas Ward), Mears (£100 0s 0d) and Thomas Cole of the Speke between 24 April and 20 May. On 8 June Skottowe remitted £650 0s 0d to Captain Nicholas Skottowe, Wrangham £550 0s 0d, Richard Goodwin £100 0s 0d and Purling's attorneys £932 2s 3d. On 3 July Captain Thomas Timbrell paid £1,000 0s 0d for four bills to Andrew Moffat, Peter Cargill, James Farquharson and David Jobson. On 8 July Skottowe sent £473 18s 4d, Bazett £508 7s 6d and Wrangham £505 15s 0d to Purling, Corneille £34 6s 0d and Doveton £185 5s 0d to Captain Richard Doveton; Wrangham sent £423 15s 0d on 22 July. Mulder paid £500 0s 0d on 18 September. On 20 October Bazett sent £422 3s 5d, Wrangham £505 15s 0d to Purling and £746 7s 5d to Captain Gabriel Stewart, Tippet £100 0s 0d, Doveton £233 10s 0d to Richard Lockyer of the Ceres, Stroud £133 0s 0d and Carr £83 0s 0d to Captain Robert Carr. About 8 January 1776 Carr remitted £500 0s 0d to Frederick Hindly and Rees £1,000 0s 0d, and on 12 February 1776 Corneille £700 0s 0d to John Calland. Commanders otherwise took certificates for their owners. [Film No. 15, 49, 110, 114, 116, 120, 124, 126, 131, 142, 160, 165, 237, 242, 250–252, 257, 349, 364–365, 372–373, 443]

Accounts ran in taels, mace, candareens and cash by the picul of 100 catties (about 133 lb) for Canton, current rupees, annas and pies by bazaar or factory maund for Bengal, rupees, quarters and reas by the Surat maund for Bombay and pagodas, fanams and cash by the garce and corge for Madras; arrack came in leaguers of about 132 gallons. All were converted to sterling on landing. [Film No. 16, 18, 27, 42, 112, 128, 137–138]

Copying slips recur. The stated March 1775 gun total did not match its items; carried and brought-forward figures differ by 7d and 5s in the January to March collection and by £2 0s 0d in general charges and the pay list; Wrangham entered the January to March pay list at £4,132 13s 4½d against its £4,139 13s 4½d; his April to June charge appears as both £5,359 11s 2½d and £5,352 11s 2½d with the pay list as £4,142 11s 11½d; his October to December account gives £4,833 18s 4½d on its first page; the December cash notes appear as £539 14s 11d; and George Alexander's fine is entered as £2 0s 0d against £2 10s 0d in the minutes. Officials signed with "errors excepted". [Film No. 35–36, 59–60, 69–71, 90, 103–104, 216–217, 222–223, 374, 378–379, 399–400, 425–427, 437, 445]

Judiciary, Crime and Punishment

John Congreve, judge advocate, managed courts martial; Mahoney kept the civil records and drew warrants and recognisances. Each quarter a room for the quarterly courts cost £3 0s 0d, and fees went to the crier and the clerk of arraignments; the marshal and gaoler received £1 10s 2d, £1 6s 3d, 12s 6d and 3s 9d for punishments in the four quarters of 1775. The crier was dressed in blue serge, gilt buttons and a fine hat at Company cost in April to June 1775. John Goodwin was repaid £13 15s 0d for bailiffs as sheriff in 1774, and an under-gaoler was appointed from 13 November 1775 at £6 0s 0d a year. [Film No. 71–72, 92, 94, 104, 187–189, 226, 296, 418]

On 3 April 1775 Nathaniel Kennedy proved that John Hayes had knocked down his male slave without provocation; Hayes was fined 10s payable to the master, with a recommendation that it go to the slave, whereas in September 1774 Richard Mason had paid all of a £2 0s 0d fine to John Robinson for beating his slave. On 24 July 1775 Robinson, the Company's carpenter, proved false Mason's charge that he let his workmen steal two of William Beale's hogs, and Mason was fined £3 0s 0d into the treasury for calling him a rogue and threatening to cane him. [Film No. 26, 243, 251]

Wills and estates were registered before the Council. About 10 April 1775 Captain Broadley registered the will of William Harrison, Canton supercargo, signed 27 November 1774: £5,000 0s 0d to his mother, £3,000 0s 0d each to his sisters Elizabeth King and Mary Fache, £3,000 0s 0d to the child Maria da Rosario was carrying, £50 0s 0d a year to her if John Bradley Blake's relations withheld her £500 0s 0d legacy and the residue to his brother Samuel. On 24 April 1775 Bazett applied to register a mortgage bond. On 1 May 1775 Richard Bagley's executors presented his inventory, sworn by the valuers Doveton, John Alexander and James Colgrave and by his widow Jane. Jane Bagley, who made her will on 28 April 1775 (witnessed by Robert Girling and Doveton), died on 4 May; proved on 22 May, it left £150 0s 0d to the Reverend William Lee, £30 0s 0d to the poor, rings and small sums and the residue to her executors Wrangham, Henry Bazett, Benjamin Mason and Robert Leech. [Film No. 37–38, 109, 115, 117, 132–134]

A notice of 6 November 1775 offered £5 0s 0d, with a pardon for any accomplice, against persons suspected of coining rupees and other money from base metal. The matross Charles Grierson informed against the matross Richard Morgan for passing base metal as silver and received the reward. The constable Hugh Jones, also superintendent of the slaves, was gaoled for assault and battery, and on 6 November 1775 Richard Harper was sworn constable for the time being; Jones still drew his £10 0s 0d as superintendent for October to December pending the quarterly court. [Film No. 353–354, 399, 418, 426]

Slavery and Coerced Labour

The Company's slaves worked the plantations, roads, works and boats without wages under Hugh Jones. Their stores cost £433 12s 10d in January to March 1775, chiefly 1,414 pieces of beef and 389 of pork, 143 gallons of arrack and 33 cwt of bran for bread; £894 11s 0d in April to June, with 140 cwt of Bengal rice and £439 11s 8d of salt meat; £436 0s 1d in July to September, with £325 9s 3d of salt meat, nearly 97 cwt of rice and over 1,000 fish hooks and 340 lines for fishing; and £722 14s 8d in October to December, with £535 2s 11d of salt meat, 152 cwt of rice, 221 gallons of arrack and 165 pairs of shoes. Men and boys received slop clothing on a fixed scale, 149 men's and 19 boys' suits in April to June 1775, and women chelloes, longcloth and kersey, with finer shoes for some. Castle slaves wore scarlet and green serge livery with worsted lace in October to December. Labourers thatched the slaves' yard in January to March, the slaves' house was repaired for £12 0s 6d in July to September and £5 11s 6d in October to December, and drains were laid there in 1775. [Film No. 64, 72, 94, 193–194, 265, 302, 320–321, 389–390, 422]

The plantation accounts listed slaves with livestock. Births were James Stanby and a girl, Christian, in January to March 1775 and David Blake, Bob Frank and Mary Plato in April to June; deaths were Walpool, Monday, Molly Frank and Mary Stanby, then Gingerbread, Liverpool, Sandwich, James Standby and Buck, then Christian Stanby and Leander. A midwife, Mrs McAllister, received £1 0s 0d for a Company slave woman's confinement in each of the first three quarters and a midwife again in the fourth, and a man named Jones received the standing 10s reward for catching a runaway in January to March 1775. [Film No. 34, 92, 94, 168, 224, 267, 296, 418]

The Malays had a separate account: £12 15s 2d, £13 10s 3d, £39 13s 4d and £16 19s 11d in the four quarters of 1775. They drew candles, tea, coffee, sugar candy and silk; in July to September they also received broadcloth, gilt buttons, fine shoes, china, wine glasses, teapots and kettles. Nocquedo, Porcolan and Massjunge drew cash (£6 11s 0d a quarter) in place of salt provisions. The records do not state whether they were slaves. [Film No. 64–65, 94, 194, 226, 321–323, 391, 422]

Jane Bagley's will of 28 April 1775 freed her slave Abigail and Abigail's son James at her death and left them £100 0s 0d at interest, shared until James was 18 and then divided; nine other servants received £5 0s 0d or £10 0s 0d each. The Bute's roll of 8 July 1775 entered two black boys and a black girl by number alone. [Film No. 133, 162]

On 29 January 1776 the Council tried George Alexander, a planter nominated for sheriff in April 1775, for punishing his slave woman Abigail. She testified that for not filling the yam pot and burning a gunny bag he stripped her and whipped her across the belly and private parts with raw goat's hide; Stroud found her cut from breast to mid-thigh, festering and feverish, with the back almost unmarked. Alexander claimed she was a repeated runaway, admitted about 100 strokes, alleged that a man named Slaughter had been punished with wire whips or fish hooks in Governor Byfield's time and proposed that the Council punish all slaves. It unanimously convicted him of cruel, inhuman and indecent punishment and of insolence, fined him £2 10s 0d, ordered him to pay the surgeon and costs and warned him; Abigail stayed his property. [Film No. 435–437]

Social Order, Religion and Welfare

A notice of 10 July 1775 restricted the cellar of the society holding the spirits monopoly to 8 o'clock until noon on weekdays. Skottowe and Corneille ordered written rules for its seller: each buyer to send a signed order and pay, unusual quantities to be reported, a minimum of 5 gallons (2 or 3 gallons for the poor by leave) and no deputy. [Film No. 170–172]

Pensions went to Nathan Sample and Michael Frost (£13 15s 11d a quarter), Mary Beale and Elizabeth Kennedy (£7 10s 0d) and from April to June 1775 Elizabeth Powell (£6 5s 0d); the Widow Preston received 8s a week. The Company paid £15 0s 0d for Mrs Payne and two children to sail home in the Pacific. On 22 July 1775 Elizabeth Caldwell, an officer's widow with young children, asked to be recommended for an annuity from the military fund Lord Clive had founded in 1770 with the Nawab of Bengal's legacy of about £70,000. [Film No. 90, 92, 104, 222, 224, 240–242, 296, 418]

The church was refitted in April to June 1775 with 43 hassocks, paint and tools, and the paymaster paid £3 2s 6d in July 1775 for making a pall for the church at the fort, from 12 yards of black velvet costing £6 8s 0d. Congreve was paid £7 10s 0d a quarter as schoolmaster from April 1775. The stores sold spelling books, primers, testaments and Bibles. On 16 October 1775 Carr reported that nothing had been added to the library since the Company gave it in 1768, its latest Monthly Review and Annual Register dating from 1767 and 1766. [Film No. 52–55, 177, 186–189, 203, 271–272, 296, 316, 331]

On 10 April 1775 Joseph Whaley, left £50 0s 0d by Richard Bagley, received leave to go to the East Indies in the Osterley. Deaths included Margaret, wife of George Seale, on 5 April 1775, three months after their son John; Wrangham's daughter Jane on 17 April 1775 and son William on 31 December 1775; Emelia, daughter of the publican John Price, on 18 April 1775; Matthew, son of Lieutenant Thomas Bazett, on 27 May; William, son of Lieutenant John Skelley, on 9 June; Benjamin Pledger on 23 October; and James, son of Stewart, on 6 November 1775. The Company paid 15s in July to September 1775 to haul up a sea cow, probably for its oil. [Film No. 30, 33, 50, 107, 143, 156, 296, 350, 353, 366]

Personalities

William Wrangham inspected land, mustered every ship, sat on the Council that approved his leases and his trusteeship sales for the Alcock heirs, served as executor and residuary legatee of the will it proved and gained a new house. As paymaster he paid himself £82 12s 3d for 78 sheep at 23s a ewe in January to March 1775, and he was the island's largest tenant. His quarterly pay was £65 0s 0d, yet between June and October 1775 he remitted more than £2,700 0s 0d. [Film No. 70, 102, 132–133, 155, 262, 349, 397]

Office clustered in families: Matthew Bazett councillor and accountant, Henry captain, John lieutenant and Thomas lieutenant and superintendent of works; the Dovetons Jonathan storekeeper, William Webber factor and John writer; and James Desfountain factor and assistant storekeeper with Samuel a lieutenant. Colonel Alexander Champion, who defeated the Rohillas at Miranpur Katra in April 1774 in a campaign later charged against Warren Hastings, passed through on the Pacific in July 1775, and Cook's Resolution, ending her three-year voyage, sailed with the Dutton on 21 May 1775. [Film No. 70–71, 75–76, 79, 127, 132, 163]

Conclusion

Between February 1775 and March 1776 St Helena served as a fortified victualling station for Company and foreign ships. Pay lists of over £4,100 a quarter, mostly military, stores worth £14,678 11s 0d and a chest that rose from £9,603 4s 9½d to above £15,000 0s 0d on officials' bills framed a government run by four councillors who were also its largest tenants, traders and remitters. [Film No. 8–461]

Film No	Page No.	OCR Transcription	Modern Interpretation and analysis
1		EAP 1364 St Helena Document Name and Date ST HELENA RECORDS 1775-1776 Photographer PETER Date photographed 1 FEB 2020 Additional comments
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8	1	Island St. Helena At a Consultation held on Monday the 27 day of February 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 20 February 1775. Tuesday the 21 Passed by a Ship a great Distance Friday the 24 Passed do. do. Saturday the 25 Died Thos. Palmer Private Yesterday Sail'd the French Ship La St. Anne for Port L'Orient. This Morning their was a General Field Day on the Parade of the Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and Private Men of this Garrison. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 27 February 1775. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The councillors read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 20 February 1775. 21 February 1775: a ship passed the island at a great distance 24 February 1775: a ship passed the island at a great distance 25 February 1775: Thomas Palmer, private, died 26 February 1775: the French ship La Ste Anne sailed for Lorient The garrison's officers, non-commissioned officers and private men held a general field day on the parade that morning. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the minutes.
9	2	6th March At a Consultation held on Monday the 6th day of March 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Coun. The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 27 February 1775. We this day met as Usual and no Business Offering, We adjourned. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 6 March 1775. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The councillors read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 27 February 1775. There was no business before the Council, so it adjourned. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the minutes.
10	3	13th March At a Consultation held on Monday the 13th day of March 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Coun. The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 6th March 1775. The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of February last were this day laid before Us, which were Examined, approved of and are as follow Viz. Artillery Stores Expended in Feby. 1775 Guns Fired, 9 lbs., 6 lbs., 4 lbs., 3 lbs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz 4 An Alarm at Prosp. Bay & T. Cap: Guns Fired 8, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 6, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 8 do. do. do. for a Ship passing by: Guns Fired 8, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 6, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 11 Departed the Europa: Guns Fired 9, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 13 An Alarm for four Ships: Guns Fired 15, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 12, 3 lbs. 3, Powder Expended lb 28, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Northumberland, Oxford, Buckingham and Prudent Saluted the Admiral with: Guns Fired 17, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 13, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 25, Powder Expended oz 8 To Salute Admiral Harland coming on Shore: Guns Fired 17, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 13, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 25, Powder Expended oz 8 16 A double Alarm for 6 Ships passing by: Guns Fired 15, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 12, 3 lbs. 3, Powder Expended lb 28, Powder Expended oz 8 do. An Alarm for a French Ship (no Salute): Guns Fired 6, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 17 Departed the Oxford and Prudent: Guns Fired 26, 9 lbs. 13, 6 lbs. 8, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 43, Powder Expended oz 0 18 To Salute Admiral Harland going on Board: Guns Fired 17, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 13, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 25, Powder Expended oz 8 21 An Alarm for a Ship Passing by: Guns Fired 6, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 24 do. for a do.: Guns Fired 6, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Powder for Sundry Services: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 79, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for a Garrison Field day: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 137, Powder Expended oz 12 Total: Guns Fired 150, 9 lbs. 24, 6 lbs. 62, 4 lbs. 48, 3 lbs. 16, Powder Expended lb 587, Powder Expended oz 4 Tallow 12 lb Match 3 Trunk q lb 4 . 3 Bitts 12 Priming Wires 21 Worms 18 lb 6 Paper 25 Quires James Tippet Captain of Artillery	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 13 March 1775. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The councillors read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 6 March 1775. The accounts for artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for February 1775 were laid before the Council, examined and approved. Artillery stores used, February 1775 4 February 1775, an alarm at Prosperous Bay and Turk's Cap: 8 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 6 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 18 lb 8 oz of powder 8 February 1775, an alarm at the same posts for a ship passing: 8 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 6 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 18 lb 8 oz of powder 11 February 1775, departure of the Europa: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder 13 February 1775, an alarm for four ships: 15 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 12 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, 28 lb 8 oz of powder 13 February 1775, arrival of the Northumberland, Oxford, Buckingham and Prudent, saluting the admiral: 17 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 13 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 25 lb 8 oz of powder 13 February 1775, salute for Admiral Harland coming ashore: 17 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 13 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 25 lb 8 oz of powder 16 February 1775, a double alarm for 6 ships passing: 15 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 12 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, 28 lb 8 oz of powder 16 February 1775, an alarm for a French ship, without salute: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder 17 February 1775, departure of the Oxford and Prudent: 26 guns fired, 8 nine-pounders, 18 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 43 lb 0 oz of powder 18 February 1775, salute for Admiral Harland going aboard: 17 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 13 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 25 lb 8 oz of powder 21 February 1775, an alarm for a ship passing: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder 24 February 1775, an alarm for a ship passing: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder Powder for various duties, 79 lb 0 oz Powder for a garrison field day, 157 lb 12 oz Total: 150 guns fired, 24 nine-pounders, 63 six-pounders, 48 four-pounders, 16 three-pounders, 587 lb 4 oz of powder Other stores used Tallow, 12 lb Match, 3 lb Junk, [...] Balls, 12 Priming wires, 21 Worms, 18 Paper, 25 quires James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Interpretations The four ships of the line that arrived on 13 February 1775 carried Admiral Sir Robert Harland, who had commanded the King's squadron in the East Indies and was returning home. He received a 17-gun salute when he landed and again when he went back aboard. That was the island's highest honour in these records, above the 15 guns fired for Sir Robert Barker and the 13 given to Commodore Lloyd. February's powder came to almost 600 lb, the most for any month outside the King's birthday salute. Admirals' salutes, a squadron in the road and a field day with live charges all fell in the same few weeks. A worm was a corkscrew-headed rod used to draw unspent wadding and cartridge scraps out of a gun's bore. A priming wire was a thin spike pushed down the vent to pierce the cartridge before the gun was primed and fired.
11	4	13th March Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in December 1775. 35 Bottles Madeira £ 3 . 3 . 9 13 do. Port 1 .. 7 18 do. Lisbon 1 . 3 . 6 6 do. Mountain .. 9 . 6 51 do. Beer .. 17 16 Gallons Arrack 2 . 8 98 lb Mutton 2 .. 10 2 Turkeys .. 10 . 6 Fowls .. 9 .. 69 lb Candy 1 . 14 . 6 510 lb Flour 4 . 5 .. 5 Goats 2 . 10 . 1 Kid .. 5 . £ 21 . 6 . 8 Bought for the Table 197½ lb Beef @ 6 4 . 18 . 10½ 16 do. @ 3½ .. 4 . 8 7 Turkeys 1 . 15 . 35 Fowls 2 . 12 . 6 14 Ducks 1 . 1 . 1 Goose .. 5 6 Pigs 1 . 10 .. £ 12 . 7 . ½ Mr. John Bagley this day presented the following Petition.	The steward's account recorded the food and drink used at the Company's table in February 1775. Supplies used at the Company's table, February 1775 35 bottles of Madeira, £3 3s 9d 13 bottles of port, £1 0s 7d 18 bottles of Lisbon wine, £1 3s 6d 6 bottles of mountain wine, £0 9s 6d 51 bottles of beer, £0 17s 0d 16 gallons of arrack, £2 8s 0d 98 lb of mutton, £2 0s 10d 2 turkeys, £0 10s 0d 6 fowls, £0 9s 0d 6 lb of sugar candy, £1 14s 6d 510 lb of flour, £4 5s 0d 5 goats, £2 10s 0d 1 kid, £0 5s 0d Subtotal, £21 6s 8d Bought in for the table 197½ lb of beef at 6d, £4 18s 10½d 16 lb of beef at 3½d, £0 4s 8d 7 turkeys, £1 15s 0d 35 fowls, £2 12s 6d 14 ducks, £1 1s 0d 1 goose, £0 5s 0d 6 pigs, £1 10s 0d Total bought in, £12 7s 0½d That day John Bagley presented a petition, which is recorded on the following page.
12	5	1775 To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council of St. Helena. The humble Petition of John Bagley Junr. Sheweth That there is a piece of the Honorable Company's Waste Land adjoining your Petitioner at Boltons Ridge, which he is very desirous of having for the conveniency of Fencing humbly request your Worship and Council will give him leave so to do. 13 March 1775 And your Petitioner will ever pray. Ordered the said Land to be Viewed. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	John Bagley junior presented a petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council on 13 March 1775. A piece of the Company's waste land lay next to his own at Bolstone's Ridge. He very much wanted to take it in so that he could fence his holding more easily, and he asked the Council's leave to do so. The Council ordered the land to be inspected before it gave a decision. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the order. Interpretations Ordering an inspection before granting waste land was the Council's usual safeguard. It wanted to know whether the ground lay near a road, a spring, a pasture used by the Company or, as with Stroud's request in May 1774, too close to the Governor's grounds. John Bagley junior was one of Richard Bagley's heirs. Under the will he had first refusal of 26 acres, and he was now looking to enlarge and enclose the family land he had inherited.
13	6	20th March At a Consultation held on Monday the 20 day of March 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Will. Wrangham of Coun. The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 13 March 1775. Thursday the 16 Arrived a French Ship from Pondechery called La Brune, Captain Mallet Burthen, three hundred and fifty Tons, carrys twelve Guns, and fifty five Men, Loaden with Bale Goods Bound to Port L'Orient. Friday the 17 Sailed the French Ship La Brune. This day Arrived the Besborough's Boat at Bankes at twelve o'Clock at noon. do. do. The Honorable Company's Ship Besborough from China. Messrs. William Seale and Orlando Bagley this day presented the following Petitions. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council of St. Helena. The humble Petition of William Seale Sheweth That your Petitioner hath two Leases expired one for ten Acres of Land and the other for five and a half Acres both parcels lying in Deep Valley humbly request your Worship and Council will grant him a renewal of the same. 20 March 1775 And your Petitioner will ever pray. Granted	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 20 March 1775. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The councillors read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 13 March 1775. 16 March 1775: the French ship La Brune arrived from Pondicherry under Captain Mallet, 350 tons, 12 guns and 55 men, carrying bale goods, bound for Lorient 17 March 1775: the French ship La Brune sailed 20 March 1775, 12.00 noon: the boat of the Bessborough reached Banks 20 March 1775: the Company's ship Bessborough arrived from China William Seale and Orlando Bagley each presented a petition. In his petition, dated 20 March 1775, William Seale told the Governor and Council that two of his leases had expired. One covered 10 acres of land and the other 5½ acres, and both plots lay in Deep Valley. He asked the Council to renew them, and it granted his request. Interpretations Pondicherry was the chief French settlement in India, on the Coromandel Coast south of Madras. Bale goods were Indian cottons and other textiles packed in bales for the European market. French ships on the homeward run called at St Helena as freely as the Dutch and Danes did, and the island's batteries challenged and saluted each of them in turn. A lease on the island ran for a fixed term, and when it ended the land went back to the Company unless the Council renewed it. Renewal was usually granted to a sitting tenant who had worked the ground. Each renewal was recorded, so the register kept an exact account of who held every plot.
14	7	1775 To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council of St. Helena. The humble Petition of Orlando Bagley Sheweth That your Petitioner hath a Lease for eight Acres of Land lying in Deep Valley Expired, humbly request your Worship and Council will be pleased to grant him a Renewal of the same. 20th March 1775 And your Petitioner will ever pray. Granted Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has Viewed the piece of Land Petitioned for on Monday last by Mr. John Bagley, and finds that the letting the same will be of no injury to the Honorable Company or Neighbourhood and is of opinion the said Land is worth three Shillings and six pence pr. Acre Annual Rent to the Company. We have granted him a Lease upon those terms. This day there was a General Field day upon the Parade of the Officers, Non Commissioned Officers, and private Men of this Garrison. Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of February last, which is as follows Viz.	In his own petition, also dated 20 March 1775, Orlando Bagley told the Governor and Council that his lease of 8 acres in Deep Valley had expired. He asked them to renew it, and the Council granted the renewal. William Wrangham reported that he had inspected the land John Bagley had asked for the previous Monday. He found that letting it would do no harm to the Company or to the neighbouring holdings. In his view the land was worth a yearly rent to the Company of 3s 6d an acre. The Council granted Bagley a lease on those terms. That day the garrison's officers, non-commissioned officers and private men held a general field day on the parade. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for February 1775. The figures follow. Interpretations The inspection gave the Council two things it needed. It confirmed that the waste land could be let without harm to anyone, and it fixed a fair rent for it. At 3s 6d an acre, the rate sat in the middle of those charged on the rent roll of September 1774. That showed the Council valuing new grants against the existing leases, so that new tenants paid neither more nor less than their neighbours.
15	8	20th March Cash Dr. 1775 Feby. 1 To Balance remaining £ 12206 .. 1 11 To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable to the Reverend Mr. Willm. Beecroft (or Order) 384 . 4 . 7 To Ship Europa 28 . 11 . 4 £ 12618 . 16 .. Per Contra Cr. 1775 Feby. 28th By Balance remaining Viz. In Specie 12079 . 1 .. In Cash Notes 539 . 15 . 12618 . 16 .. £ 12618 . 16 ..	The cash account for February 1775 balanced at £12,618 16s 0d. Cash, debit 1 February 1775: balance in hand, £12,206 0s 1d 11 February 1775: received in exchange for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to the Reverend William Bearcroft or his order, £384 4s 7d 11 February 1775: received from the ship Europa, £28 11s 4d Total, £12,618 16s 0d Cash, credit 28 February 1775: balance in hand in coin, £12,079 1s 0d 28 February 1775: balance in hand in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total, £12,618 16s 0d
16	9	1775 The following Supplys, Ship Bessborough brought Us the Invoice of Ship Bessborough CW No. 1 a 8 China Ware 8 Chests 123.420 Deduct 2 pr. Cent for Breakage 2.470 120.950 120 . 9 . 5 .. Sago packed with the China Ware 2 Chests qt. 3 . 79½ . 6 . 500 24 . 6 . 6 . 7 HN 1 a 2 Hyson Tea in Cannisters 2 Chests 1 .. 54 - 54 . 0 . 0 . 0 89 Cannisters @ 150 mace each 1 . 11 . 11 - 7 . 3 . 5 . 0 S. Souchong in Cannisters 1 Chest .. 35½ . 50 .. 19 .. .. 20 Cannisters at 150 mace each 3 .. SN 1 a 6 Singlo Tea 6 Chests 2 . 62½ . 21 55 .. .. CN 1 a 5 Congo Tea 5 Chests 3 . 11½ . 22 - 68 . 4 . 2 BN 1 a 7 Bohea Tea 7 Chests 3 . 48 . 13 . 500 114 . 4 . 8 SCF No. 1 a 10 Sugar Candy first sort 10 Chests 19 . 31½ . 9 . 500 158 . 4 . 4 . 3 SC No. 11 a 20 Sugar Candy second sort 10 Chests 19 . 75½ . 7 . 600 150 . 3 . 2 . 8 S No. 1 a 31 Sugar soft 31 Chests 38 . 90½ . 3 . 500 206 . 1 . 5 . Tales 1006 . 3 . 1 .. Canton Novr. 1774 Errors Excepted (Signed) Edward Phipps Francis Wood Junr. Willm. Harrison Mattw. Raper Junr. Wm. Henry Pigou George Rogers The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Bessborough Viz.	The Bessborough brought a supply from Canton, valued in taels, mace, candareens and cash. Invoice of the ship Bessborough China ware, chests marked CW nos. 1 to 8, 8 chests, 123 taels 4 mace 2 candareens, less 2 per cent for breakage of 2 taels 4 mace 7 candareens, 120 taels 9 mace 5 candareens 0 cash Sago, packed with the china ware, 3 piculs 79½ catties, at 6 taels 5 mace per picul, 24 taels 6 mace 6 candareens 7 cash Hyson tea in canisters, chests marked H nos. 1 and 2, 2 chests, 1 picul, at 54 taels per picul, 54 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Hyson canisters, 49, at 150 cash each, 7 taels 3 mace 5 candareens 0 cash Souchong tea in canisters, chest marked S, 1 chest, 35½ catties, at 50 taels per picul, 19 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Souchong canisters, 20, at 150 cash each, 3 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Singlo tea, chests marked SN nos. 1 to 6, 6 chests, 2 piculs 62½ catties, at 21 taels per picul, 55 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Congou tea, chests marked C nos. 1 to 5, 5 chests, 3 piculs 11½ catties, at 22 taels per picul, 68 taels 4 mace 9 candareens 0 cash Bohea tea, chests marked B nos. 1 to 7, 7 chests, 8 piculs 48 catties, at 13 taels 5 mace per picul, 114 taels 4 mace 8 candareens 0 cash Sugar candy, first sort, chests marked SC nos. 1 to 10, 10 chests, 19 piculs 31 catties, at 9 taels 5 mace per picul, 183 taels 4 mace 4 candareens 5 cash Sugar candy, second sort, chests marked SC nos. 11 to 20, 10 chests, 19 piculs 75 catties, at 7 taels 6 mace per picul, 150 taels 3 mace 2 candareens 8 cash Soft sugar, chests marked S nos. 1 to 31, 31 chests, 58 piculs 90 catties, at 3 taels 5 mace per picul, 206 taels 1 mace 5 candareens 0 cash Total, 1,006 taels 8 mace 1 candareen 0 cash The invoice was dated at Canton in November 1774, subject to any errors. Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior, William Harrison, Matthew Raper junior, William Henry Pigou and George Rogers signed it. That day the storekeeper also delivered an account of the stores that had arrived short from the Bessborough. Interpretations The Canton supply for 1775 was about twice the size of each lot sent the previous season, and it now included china ware. The September inventory had found the Company's stock of china low, with soup and meat plates in demand at the Castle and among the inhabitants. The supercargoes sent eight chests of it, with an allowance for breakage already deducted. Sago was packed among the plates, so it cushioned them on the voyage and arrived as part of the same lot. Hyson and Souchong came in canisters, which were charged as separate items.
17	10	20th March Account of Stores short Received from Ship Bessborough c q lb 1 . 1 . 20 Sugar 1 .. 7 Candy .. 2 . 5 do. fine .. 1 . 9 Sago Short Weight Occasioned by Wastage 10 Octg. Meat Dishes 60 do. do. Plates 13 Bowls 33 Sneakers 2 Chamber Pots 8 Guglets & Basons 58 Half Pint Cups & Saucers 20 Quarter do. do. & do. 8 Sallet Dishes Found broke upon opening the Packages 1 Cannister of Hyson Tea Damaged (Signed) Jonn. Doveton Storekeeper John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper, and Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the minutes. Stores received short from the Bessborough Sugar, 1 hundredweight 1 quarter 20 pounds, short in weight through wastage Sugar candy, 1 hundredweight 0 quarters 7 pounds, short in weight through wastage Fine sugar candy, 0 hundredweight 2 quarters 5 pounds, short in weight through wastage Sago, 0 hundredweight 1 quarter 8 pounds, short in weight through wastage Octagonal meat dishes, 10, found broken on opening the packages Octagonal meat plates, 60, found broken on opening the packages Bowls, 13, found broken on opening the packages Sneakers, 33, found broken on opening the packages Chamber pots, 2, found broken on opening the packages Goglets and basins, 8, found broken on opening the packages Half-pint cups and saucers, 58, found broken on opening the packages Quart cups and saucers, 20, found broken on opening the packages Salad dishes, 8, found broken on opening the packages Hyson tea, 1 canister, damaged Interpretations Canton had already knocked 2 per cent off the china for expected breakage, but more than 200 pieces arrived broken, well beyond that allowance. China packed in chests had to survive the long passage round the Cape and then the boats in the surf at James Bay. The breakage showed why the Company preferred to buy plates and bowls in quantity, with plenty to spare against losses no allowance at Canton could cover.
18	11	27th March At a Consultation held on Monday the 27 day of March 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and Signed dated the 20th March 1775. Friday the 24 Arrived the British King's Boat at Bankes at Bankes at half past three o'Clock in the Morning. do. do. The Honorable Company's Ship British King from Bengal (last from the Cape) and brought Us the following Supplys. Invoice of Ship British King Fine Rice 60 Bags Weighing 120 Mds. @ 1 . 13 pr. Md. 252 . 4 . 9 Paddy 40 Bags do. 60 @ .. 9 pr. Md. 34 . 12 . 9 Sugar 10 Bags do. 20 Mds. @ 9 pr. Md. 180 .. .. Wax Candles 6 Chests do. 8 @ 60 pr. Md. 480 .. Gunneys 2 Bales Contg. 500 @ 22 pr. % 118 . 12 . 9 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers @ 220 pr. Leager 432 . Carried Over 1497 . 14 . 3	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 27 March 1775. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The councillors read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 20 March 1775. At half past three on the morning of Friday 24 March 1775, the boat of the British King reached Banks. The Company's ship British King arrived the same day from Bengal, having called last at the Cape, and brought the following supplies, valued in rupees, annas and pies. Invoice of the ship British King Fine rice, 60 bags weighing 120 bazaar maunds, at 2 rupees 1 anna [...] pies per maund, 252 rupees 4 annas 9 pies Paddy, 40 bags weighing 60 bazaar maunds, at 9 annas [...] pies per maund, 34 rupees 12 annas 9 pies Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 bazaar maunds, at 9 rupees per maund, 180 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Wax candles, 6 chests weighing 8 bazaar maunds, at 60 rupees per maund, 480 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Gunny bags, 2 bales containing 500, at 22 rupees per hundred, 118 rupees 12 annas 9 pies Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at 216 rupees per leaguer, 432 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Carried forward, 1,497 rupees 14 annas 3 pies Interpretations Bengal had cut its prices since the previous season. Sugar was down from 15 rupees a maund to 9, wax candles from 70 rupees to 60, and Batavia arrack from 250 rupees a leaguer to 216. The 20 maunds of sugar the Council had refused in its letter of 28 April 1774 still arrived, but at a much lower price. The cut perhaps reflected Fort William's answer to the Council's complaint that Bengal sugar cost the island almost twice as much as sugar from Canton.
19	12	27th March Brought Over 1497 . 14 . 3 Charges Merchandize 50 Reed Matts @ 12 . 8 pr. % 6 . 12 15 Chulleys @ 15 .. pr. % 2 . 6 . 9 4 Mango Plank Chests @ 3 .. each 12 . 15 . 3 3 Pr. Cowrahs @ 1 . 4 pr. Pr. 4 .. 9 2 Seer Nails @ 7½ pr. Sr. .. 13 . 6 15 Seer Jute Twine @ 4 . 8 pr. Md. 1 . 11 .. 25 Seer Jute Rope @ 3 . 8 pr. Md. 2 . 3 .. 4 Oyl .. 1 .. 180 Gunney Bags @ 16 pr. % 31 . 1 . 6 Boat hire for 2 Days 4 . 5 . 3 Weighman 1 . 8 Packermen 2 . 7 . 6 Cooly hire 23 . 14 .. Dust 2 .. Peon 2 . 2 . 6 Coopers Work for 2 Days 2 . 2 . 6 Sloop hire 135 . 235 . 8 . 6 Current Rupees 1733 . 6 . 9 Errors Excepted (Signed) Willm. Wood Sub Accomt. Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ship Bessborough to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows Viz. Muster Roll of Ship Bessborough Thomas Riddell Commr. Jn. Cochrane 1 Mate Alexr. Carre 2 do. Alexr. Cunningham 3 do. Robt. Riddell 4 do. Wm. Cockburn 5 do. Jas. Horgan 6 do. Andw. Murray Surgeon John Forbes Purser Jn. Hornby Boatswain Gavin White Gunner Josh. Graham Carpenter Wl. Cook Mid and Coxswain H. Rowgill Midshipman R. Lyell Midshipman John Longworth do. Joseph Eyles do. H. Bissett Quart. Master Davd. Scott do. Jas. Welch do. Jn. Crichton do.	The British King's invoice continued with the charges for packing and shipping the goods. Brought forward, 1,497 rupees 14 annas 3 pies Reed mats, 50, at 12 rupees 8 annas per hundred, 6 rupees 12 annas 0 pies Chulleys, 15, at 15 rupees per hundred, 2 rupees 6 annas 9 pies Mango-wood plank chests, 4, at 3 rupees each, 12 rupees 15 annas 3 pies Gurrah cloth, 3 pieces, at 1 rupee 4 annas per piece, 4 rupees 0 annas 9 pies Nails, 2 seers, at 17½ rupees per maund, 0 rupees 13 annas 6 pies Jute twine, 15 seers, at 4 rupees 8 annas per maund, 1 rupee 11 annas 0 pies Jute rope, 25 seers, at 3 rupees 8 annas per maund, 2 rupees 3 annas 0 pies Oil, ¼ seer, 0 rupees 1 anna 0 pies Gunny bags, 180, at 16 rupees per hundred, 31 rupees 1 anna 6 pies Boat hire for 2 days, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pies Weighmen, 1 rupee 8 annas 0 pies Packers, 2 rupees 7 annas 6 pies Coolie hire, 23 rupees 14 annas 0 pies Dub, 2 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Peons, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pies Coopers' work for 2 days, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pies Sloop hire, 135 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Total charges, 235 rupees 8 annas 6 pies Total in current rupees, 1,733 rupees 6 annas 9 pies William Wood signed the invoice as sub-accountant, subject to any errors. William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the Bessborough to muster her crew and look for deserters. He found none, and her muster roll followed. Muster roll of the ship Bessborough Thomas Riddell, commander James Cockburn, first mate Alexander Carre, second mate Alexander Cunningham, third mate Robert Riddell, fourth mate William Cockburn, fifth mate James Horgan, sixth mate Andrew Murray, surgeon John Forbes, purser James Arnold, boatswain Gavin White, gunner Joseph Graham, carpenter Thomas Cook, midshipman and coxswain Robert Kewgill, midshipman Robert Lyell, midshipman John Longworth, midshipman Joseph Tyler, midshipman Robert Bissett, quartermaster David Scott, quartermaster James Welch, quartermaster James Crichton, quartermaster Interpretations The British King's charges ran almost line for line with those on the Houghton, Egmont and Resolution in 1774. Sloop hire was again fixed at 135 rupees, the cost of moving the goods down the Hooghly to the ship. Bengal had lowered the prices of the goods themselves, but the charges for packing and shipping them stayed the same. Chulleys appear here among the packing charges. They were perhaps chatties, the round earthen water pots of Bengal, used to carry liquids or packed with the stores.
20	13	1775 Jn. Morris Captn. Steward Fredk. Drake Ships do. Andw. Lonsdale Captn. Cook John Delacour Ships do. John Fraham Caulker Thos. Jones Cooper Nathl. Smith Sailmaker John Moodie Surgeons Mate Charles Light John Kennedy Boatn. do. Edward Thorne Gunr. do. George Primmet Carpr. do. Wm. Alexander Carpr. 2 do. John Shairs Caulkr. do. John Howard Butcher Saml. Munch Baker John Pudford Poulterer Robt. Pratt Seaman James Ritchie Wm. Brannock Mattw. Wilson Joseph Russell James Bowman Abrd. Chain Erasmus Mawbry Charles Pratt John Collier John White John Isbister Seaman Thos. Kalley Edward Wadling John Vivars Charles Anderson Jacob Murray Hugh Winks James Henderson Alexr. Moor Peter Cathey James Holman John Campbell John Hasell Charles Chester Robt. Cavin Thos. Moulder Samuel Batten Thos. Hurst Thos. Willson Hugh Kennedy Charles Jones John Johnson George Griffen John Stevens Saml. Gallery Wm. Crookshanks Thos. Brown Nathl. Clark John Denham Seaman Charles Murphy Benjn. Lewis John Murphy John Smith James Graster David Thompson John Wolf Wm. May John Henrie James Withers Jas. Harwood Jas. Smith Abm. Pearsall John Watts Willm. Cook John Olover Thos. Ripley Thos. Brown James Clark Hugh Jones Wm. Pratt Peter Ralston Thos. Bateman Danl. Bow Thos. Graims Moses Grimson Abraham Paul Passengers Charles Chambers Wm. Lloyde Davd. Ralston (Signed) Thos. Riddell We this day Executed the renewal of two Leases to Mr. William Seale one for five and an half Acres of Land at one shilling and sixpence pr. Acre and the other for ten Acres, at five shillings pr. Acre both lying in the East Division of this Island.	The Bessborough's muster roll continued with the rest of her crew and her passengers. James Morris, captain's steward Frederick Drake, ship's steward Andrew Lonsdale, captain's cook John Delacourt, ship's cook John Fairbairn, butcher Thomas Jones, cooper Nathaniel Smith, sailmaker John Moodie, surgeon's mate Charles Light, surgeon's mate John Kennedy, boatswain's mate Edward Thorne, gunner's mate George Grummet, carpenter's mate William Alexander, carpenter's second mate John Haines, caulker's mate John Howard, butcher Samuel Munch, baker John Sudford, poulterer Robert Pruett, seaman James Ritchie, seaman William Brannock, seaman Matthew Wilson, seaman Joseph Russell, seaman James Bowman, seaman Alexander Chain, seaman Erasmus Mawbey, seaman Charles Pratt, seaman John Collier, seaman John White, seaman John Lobster, seaman Thomas Kelley, seaman Edward Wadling, seaman John Vivian, seaman Charles Anderson, seaman Jacob Murray, seaman Hugh Winks, seaman James Henderson, seaman Alexander Moore, seaman Peter Cathey, seaman James Holman, seaman John Campbell, seaman John Hasell, seaman Charles Chester, seaman Robert Cavin, seaman Thomas Moulder, seaman Samuel Batten, seaman Thomas Hurst, seaman Thomas Wilson, seaman Hugh Kennedy, seaman Charles Jones, seaman John Lehen, seaman George Griffen, seaman John Stevens, seaman Samuel Guthrey, seaman William Crookshanks, seaman Thomas Brown, seaman Nathaniel Clark, seaman John Denham, seaman Charles Murphy, seaman Benjamin Lewis, seaman John Murphy, seaman John Smith, seaman James Greater, seaman David Thompson, seaman John Wolf, seaman William May, seaman John Henrie, seaman James Withers, seaman James Harwood, seaman James Smith, seaman Abraham Purnell, seaman John Watts, seaman William Cook, seaman John Glover, seaman Thomas Ripley, seaman Thomas Brown, seaman James Clark, seaman Hugh Jones, seaman William Pratt, seaman Peter Ruleston, seaman Thomas Bateman, seaman Daniel Bow, seaman Thomas Graeme, seaman Moses Grimrose, seaman Abraham Paul, seaman Passengers Charles Chambers William Lloyd David Ralston Captain Thomas Riddell signed the roll. The Council that day completed the renewal of two leases to William Seale. One was for 5½ acres of land at 1s 6d an acre, and the other for 10 acres at 5s an acre. Both lay in the East Division of the island. Interpretations The two renewed leases carried very different rents, 1s 6d an acre for one and 5s for the other, though both lay in the same division. The Council fixed each rent according to the quality of the ground, as it had done when Wrangham valued John Bagley's waste land at 3s 6d. Good valley soil fetched more than three times the rent of rough upland, and a renewal gave the Company the chance to bring the old rent into line with the land's present worth.
21	14	27th March Sergeant John Walters, Thomas Gorell James Dunn and John White Matrosses, William Greenwood George Varney and John Grainger Private this day Petitioned for their Discharges from the Garrison having Served the Honorable Company their Contracted times. Granted Emanuel Bonner having represented to Us the bad state of his health and having only five Months of his Contracted time to serve and being desirous of getting to his Native Country in a good time of the Year, requested We would permit Thomas Greenwood, (one of the above Petitioners) to serve the remainder of his time, which request was Granted. Since Mustering the Ship Bessborough Captain Riddell delivered up to Us William Pratt and Thomas Brown two Deserters from Bombay. We have Entertained them in this Garrison to serve the Honorable Company five Years as Soldiers, and gave them three pounds each to buy them Necessarys &c. Being in want of a Long Boat for the use of the Honorable Company, We have purchased one of Captain Riddell with Mast, Oars &c. for forty five Pounds. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Several soldiers asked to be discharged from the garrison, since they had served the full term agreed with the Company. They were Sergeant John Walters; Thomas Gorall, James Dunn and John White, matrosses; and William Greenwood, George Varney and John Grainger, privates. The Council granted their discharges. Emanuel Bonner told the Council that his health was poor. He had only five months of his contract left to serve and wanted to reach his own country at a good time of year. He asked the Council to let William Greenwood, one of the discharged men, serve out the rest of his time in his place. The Council agreed. After the Bessborough had been mustered, Captain Riddell handed over to the Council William Peall and Thomas Brown, two deserters from Bombay. The Council enlisted them in the garrison for five years as soldiers and gave each of them £3 0s 0d to buy what he needed. The Company needed a longboat, so the Council bought one from Captain Riddell, with her mast, oars and other gear, for £45 0s 0d. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the minutes. Interpretations The deserters from Bombay were treated like James Baird, the deserter from Madras taken into the garrison in November 1774. Rather than send them back to India for punishment, the Council kept them as soldiers. Their bounty was £3 0s 0d each against Baird's £5 0s 0d, perhaps because Riddell surrendered them instead of their giving themselves up. Bonner's wish to sail home at a good time of year reflected the seasons on the homeward run. Ships leaving the island in March and April reached England in early summer and avoided the gales of the northern winter. A man in poor health who waited out his last five months would have sailed in the worst season, so he bought his release by finding a substitute.
22	15	29th March At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 29th day of March 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 27 March 1775. Monday the 27 Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Bessborough for England. Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ship British King to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows Viz. Muster Roll of Ship British King Danl. Griffiths Hoare Commr. Bruce Boswell 1 Mate Robt. Young 2 do. George Sayce 3 do. Edward Hodge 4 do. Geo Taylor Purser Richard Rees Surgeon Thos. Smith Gunner Jn. Woodland Boatswain Thos. Grange Carpenter Geo Welch Ship Steward Nathl. Leonard Midshipman Benjn. Benson do. John Davis do. William Williams do. Crawford Hardie Coxswain John Lewis Midshipman John Stew Quartr. Mastr. John Hardy do. Swain Lawrence do. John Crawford do. John Naylor Cook John Tents Ships do. Chris. Pollard Cooper Steph. Girle Carptr. Mate Jas. Huckback Caulker Alexd. Walker do. Mate John Dunkin Armourer Jn. Ayres Sail Maker John Watts Seaman Andrew Jemison John Garret Knowles Clapp Willm. Fay Saml. Payne Seaman Thos. Ellis Jacob Casalara Alexr. Sinclair Jeremiah Griffin Charles Jones John Barnard Saml. Matthews Richd. Bullet Franl. Bowling Geo Frederickson Michl. Congrove Richd. Grover John Nunely Jas. Moorehead John Whiteman Jas. Boyce	The Council met at the Castle on Wednesday 29 March 1775. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The councillors read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 27 March 1775. The Company's ship Bessborough had sailed for England on Monday 27 March 1775. William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the British King to muster her crew and look for deserters. He found none, and her muster roll followed. Muster roll of the ship British King David Griffiths Hoare, commander Bruce Boswell, first mate Robert Young, second mate George Joyce, third mate Edward Hodge, fourth mate George Taylor, purser Richard Rice, surgeon Thomas Smith, gunner James Woodland, boatswain Thomas Grange, carpenter George Welch, ship's steward Nathaniel Leonard, midshipman Benjamin Benson, midshipman John Davis, midshipman William Williams, midshipman Crawford Hardie, coxswain John Lewis, midshipman John Stew, quartermaster John Hardy, quartermaster Swain Lawrence, quartermaster John Crawford, quartermaster John Naylor, captain's cook John Tod, ship's cook Christopher Pollard, cooper Stephen Cole, carpenter's mate James Huckback, caulker Alexander Walker, caulker's mate John Dunkin, armourer James Ayres, sailmaker John Watts, seaman Andrew Jemison, seaman John Garret, seaman Knowles Clapp, seaman William Fay, seaman Samuel Payne, seaman Thomas Ellis, seaman Jacob Casalara, seaman Alexander Sinclair, seaman Jeremiah Griffin, seaman Charles Jones, seaman John Barnard, seaman Philip Matthews, seaman Richard Bullet, seaman Francis Bowling, seaman George Fredrickson, seaman Michael Congrove, seaman Richard Green, seaman John Nunely, seaman James Morehead, seaman John Whiteman, seaman James Boyce, seaman
23	16	29th March John Long Seaman Jas. Robinson William Stevens Geo Wood John King Willm. Wilcox Saml. Prosser Geo Durham John Price Thos. Osburn Richd. Barbery Willm. Warren Simon Hughes William Dillon Thos. Navel Josh. Peard Willm. Cable Thos. Jones Wm. Norway Seaman Jas. Clarage Jn. Woodcock Saml. Poole Henry Campbell John Gordon Jas. Williams Joseph Swindell James Gray Robt. Winter Robt. Gibson Wm. Bland Henry Miller Hezekiah Adams Henry Walthus Anthony Simmons Nichl. Hagg Peter Ross Richd. Martin Mattw. Brown Seaman Richd. Collins Wm. Squire Wm. Scrivener Jas. Totman Nicholas Johnson John Clark Saml. Ross Albert Johnson John Reed Jas. Berry Thos. Paling John Grey Peter Brown Robt. Eastham Geo Mc. Gee John Mitchell Saml. Splender Passengers Colonel Grant Mrs. Grant Mr. Jas. Grant Mr. Lewis Grant Mr. Gosling Mr. Sinclair Mr. Lowndes Mr. Walker Capt. Orrand Captn. Garnage Mr. Balantine Mr. Flint Saml. Hampton Charles Hampton Eleanor Spencer Richd. Bateman Ten Servants (Signed) Danl. Griffiths Hoare The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship British King.	The British King's muster roll continued with the rest of her seamen and her passengers. John Long, seaman James Robinson, seaman William Stevens, seaman George Wood, seaman John King, seaman William Wilcox, seaman Samuel Prosser, seaman George Furnham, seaman John Price, seaman Thomas Osburn, seaman Richard Barbery, seaman William Warren, seaman Simon Hughes, seaman William Fellowe, seaman Thomas Navel, seaman Joseph Pearl, seaman William Cable, seaman Thomas Jones, seaman William Norway, seaman James Clarage, seaman James Woodcock, seaman Samuel Poole, seaman Henry Campbell, seaman John Gordon, seaman James Williams, seaman Joseph Swindell, seaman James Grey, seaman Richard Winter, seaman Robert Gibson, seaman William Bland, seaman Henry Miller, seaman Obadiah Adams, seaman Henry Weathers, seaman Anthony Simmons, seaman Nicholas Hagg, seaman Peter Ross, seaman Richard Martin, seaman Matthew Brown, seaman Richard Collins, seaman William Squire, seaman William Scrivener, seaman James Tolman, seaman Nicholas Johnson, seaman John Clark, seaman Samuel Ross, seaman Albert Johnson, seaman John Reed, seaman James Berry, seaman Thomas Valing, seaman John Grey, seaman Peter Brown, seaman Robert Cotham, seaman George McGee, seaman John Mitchell, seaman Samuel Splendor, seaman Passengers Colonel Grant Mrs Grant Mr James Grant Mr Lewis Grant Mr Gosling Mr Sinclair Mr Lowndes Mr Walker Captain Ormand Captain Garnage Mr Ballantine Mr Flint Samuel Hampton Charles Hampton Eleanor Spencer Richard Bateman 10 servants Captain Daniel Griffiths Hoare signed the roll. That day the storekeeper also delivered an account of the stores that had arrived short from the British King.
24	17	1775 Account of Stores short received from Ship British King c q lb 3 . 2 . 16 Rice 5 . 1 . 6 Paddy .. 3 . 16 Sugar .. .. 10 Candles Short Weight Occasioned by Wastage 29th March 1775 (Signed) Jonn. Doveton Storekeeper Bought on Account of the Honorable Company of Captain Daniel Griffiths Hoare, eighty Cape Sheep one hundred and twenty three hundred, one quarter and nine pounds of Flour, and two Baskets of Garden Seeds, as pr. the following Bill amounting to two hundred and sixty seven pounds, twelve Shillings for the payment whereof We have given him Certificates. The Honble. Company Dr. To 80 Sheep @ 15/ £ 60 .. .. To Gross Weight of 33 Casks of Flour c q lb 159 .. 25 Tare 35 . 3 . 16 123 . 1 . 9 148 .. .. To 2 Baskets Garden Seeds 9 . 16 .. 24½ Sugar for the Flour @ 24/ 23 . 16 12 Empty Casks for do. 3 .. Boat hire 3 .. Cooly hire, Waggon and Duties 12 .. 267 . 12 .. Received Certificates on the Court of Directors of East India Company for the amount of the above Bill. (Signed) Danl. Griffiths Hoare John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Jonathan Doveton signed the account of stores short from the British King on 29 March 1775. He put the loss of weight down to wastage. Stores received short from the British King Rice, 3 hundredweight 2 quarters 16 pounds Paddy, 5 hundredweight 1 quarter 6 pounds Sugar, 0 hundredweight 3 quarters 16 pounds Candles, 0 hundredweight 0 quarters 10 pounds The Council bought 80 Cape sheep, 123 hundredweight 1 quarter 9 pounds of flour and two baskets of garden seeds for the Company from Captain Daniel Griffiths Hoare. His bill came to £267 12s 0d, and the Council paid him in certificates. Bill of Captain Daniel Griffiths Hoare to the Company Sheep, 80, at 15s each, £60 0s 0d Flour, 33 casks, gross weight 159 hundredweight 0 quarters 25 pounds, less tare of 35 hundredweight 3 quarters 6 pounds, net 123 hundredweight 1 quarter 9 pounds, £148 0s 0d Garden seeds, 2 baskets, £9 16s 0d [...] for the flour, at 24s, £23 16s 0d Empty [...], 12, £3 0s 0d Boat hire, £3 0s 0d Coolie hire, wagons and duties, £12 0s 0d Total, £267 12s 0d Captain Daniel Griffiths Hoare acknowledged receipt of certificates on the Court of Directors for the full amount. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the minutes. Interpretations The 80 Cape sheep were the largest single purchase of livestock since the Council agreed on 9 January 1775 to restock the Company's failing flock. The plantation had fallen to 215 sheep at the end of 1774. This one purchase added well over a third to the flock and gave the Company mutton for its table without killing the ewes it needed for breeding.
25	18	30th March At a Consultation held on Thursday the 30th day of March 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Absent. Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 29th March 1775. This day Arrived the Honorable Company's Ship Osterly from England, by which Conveyance, We received a Packet from the Honorable the Court of Directors, Which We opened and read their Orders and Instructions to Us. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Thursday 30 March 1775. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille and William Wrangham present. Matthew Bazett was absent. The councillors read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 29 March 1775. The Company's ship Osterley arrived from England that day. She brought a packet from the Court of Directors, which the Council opened, and the councillors read the Court's orders and instructions. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the minutes. Interpretations Bazett missed the meeting but signed the minutes afterwards, as the island's practice allowed. The arrival of a packet from the Court was the most important event of the Council's year. It carried the Court's replies to the island's letters of 1774. Those letters covered the garrison's disorders, Tippet's conduct, Purling's departure, the arrack society, the dispute with Captain Young and the many requests the Council had referred home. The Court's decisions on all of them would now shape the Council's business for the coming months.
26	19	3rd April At a Consultation held on Monday the 3 day of April 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 30 March 1775. Friday the 31 March Arrived the Thames's Boat at Bankes at six o'Clock in the Morning. do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Thames from Bombay (last from the Cape) do. Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship British King for England. Saturday the 1 April Arrived a Swede Ship from China called the Prince Gustav, Captain Strone, Burthen ten hundred Tons, carrys eighteen Guns and one hundred an fifty three Men, Laden with Tea and China Ware bound to Gottenburg. do. do. Arrived another Swede Ship from China called the Sophia Magdalena Captain Ekeburg, Burthen ten hundred Tons, carrys eighteen Guns and one hundred an fifty Men, Loaden with Tea and China Ware, bound to Gottenburg. Yesterday Arrived the True Briton Boat at Bankes at one o'Clock in the Afternoon. do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship True Briton from China. Mr. Nathaniel Kennedy made Complaint that John Hayes had struck and knocked down a Man Slave of his without the least provocation which being proved before Us this day. We fined the said Hayes in the sum of ten shillings for his unwarrantable Conduct in using the said Slave ill without any cause, and directed the fine to be paid to the Slaves Master recommending to him to give it to the Slave for his ill usage. The Ship Thames brought Us the following Supplys Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 3 April 1775. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The councillors read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 30 March 1775. 31 March 1775, 6.00 am: the boat of the Thames reached Banks 31 March 1775: the Company's ship Thames arrived from Bombay, last from the Cape 31 March 1775: the Company's ship British King sailed for England 1 April 1775: the Swedish ship Prince Gustav arrived from China under Captain Strome, 1,000 tons, 18 guns and 153 men, carrying tea and china ware, bound for Gothenburg 1 April 1775: the Swedish ship Sophia Magdalena arrived from China under Captain Ekeberg, 1,000 tons, 18 guns and 150 men, carrying tea and china ware, bound for Gothenburg 2 April 1775, 1.00 pm: the boat of the True Briton reached Banks 2 April 1775: the Company's ship True Briton arrived from China Nathaniel Kennedy complained that John Hayes had struck and knocked down one of his male slaves without the least provocation. The charge was proved before the Council that day. It fined Hayes 10s for his unwarranted conduct in mistreating the slave without cause. The fine was to be paid to the slave's master, and the Council recommended that he give it to the slave for the harm he had suffered. The Thames brought a supply for the island, and her invoice followed. Interpretations The Council's handling of this assault differed from its ruling in September 1774, when Richard Mason was fined £2 0s 0d for beating John Robinson's slave and the whole sum went to the owner for the loss of the man's service. Here the fine again went to the master, as the law required, but the Council openly urged him to pass it on to the slave himself. It could not order the money paid to a slave, who in law owned nothing. Its recommendation nonetheless treated the injury as done to the man and not merely to his master's property. The fine of 10s was far smaller than the £2 0s 0d imposed on Mason. The size of a penalty perhaps reflected the severity of the beating and the loss of work it caused, since the master's claim rested on the slave's lost labour.
27	20	3rd April Invoice of Ship Thames Rice beaten fine 45 Bags contg. 300 S. Mds. 44 Bags @ 6¾ S. Mds. is 297 S. Mds. 1 do. Contg. 3 do. 45 300 28 Rs. pr. 18 S. Mds. 463 . 3 . 33 Batty 26 Bags @ 3 Parahs is 3 . 3 @ 21 Rs. pr. Md. 65 . 2 . 8 2 Bales Chelloes Blue contg. 18 Corge 2 . 10 . 3 . 14 Surat @ 96 pr. Corge 960 .. Surat Charges Viz. Customs 2½ pr. Ct. 19 . 13 Packing @ 7½ Rs. pr. Bale 15 .. Cooly hire marking &c. .. 2 . 73 Boat hire .. 2 .. 35 . 1 . 53 995 . 1 . 53 Charges Merchandize Dorlaps and Gunnys for the Rice & Batty 46 . 3 .. Lascars sewing the Bags and Twine 11 . 2 Hamallage on the Rice and Batty &c. 2 . 2 . 10 Boat hire on the above 2 . 2 .. 63 . 1 . 10 Rupees 1593 .. 26 Errors Excepted (Signed) H. Wrench Accountant Thomas Meares Sergeant this day Petitioned for his Discharge from the Garrison having Served the Honorable Company his Contracted time. Granted Mr. William Seale this day presented the following Petition. Margin Notes: 2 Bales	The Thames's invoice from Bombay was valued in rupees, quarters and reas. Invoice of the ship Thames Rice, beaten fine, 44 bags at 6¾ Surat maunds each, 297 Surat maunds Rice, beaten fine, 1 bag, 3 Surat maunds Rice, beaten fine, total 45 bags containing 300 Surat maunds, at 28 rupees per 18 Surat maunds, 466 rupees 3 quarters 33 reas Batty, 26 bags at 3 parahs each, at [...], 65 rupees 2 quarters 8 reas Blue chelloes, 2 bales containing 10 corge, at 96 rupees per corge, 960 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Surat customs at 2½ per cent, [...] Packing, at 15 rupees per bale, 15 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Coolie hire, marking and other charges, 2 rupees 0 quarters 73 reas Boat hire, 2 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Total Surat charges, 35 rupees 1 quarter 53 reas Total for chelloes with charges, 995 rupees 1 quarter 53 reas Charges on the goods [...] and gunny bags for the rice and batty, 46 rupees 3 quarters 0 reas Lascars for sewing the bags, and twine, 11 rupees 2 quarters 0 reas Hamallage on the rice and batty, 2 rupees 2 quarters 10 reas Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 quarters 0 reas Total charges, 63 rupees 1 quarter 10 reas Total, 1,593 rupees 0 quarters 26 reas H. Wrench signed the invoice as accountant, subject to any errors. Thomas Mears, a sergeant, asked to be discharged from the garrison, since he had served the full term agreed with the Company. The Council granted his discharge. William Seale presented a petition that day, which followed in the record. Interpretations The chelloes on this invoice came from Surat, the great cloth market north of Bombay. Bombay's merchants bought them there and paid the local customs before shipping. The island ordered 150 pieces of Surat chelloes in its letter of 28 April 1774, and the 10 corge, about 200 pieces, now came in answer. A supply that matched the island's own order arrived within the year, unlike the Bengal sugar sent by standing habit.
28	21	1775 To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council of St. Helena. The humble Petition of William Seale Sheweth That your Petitioner is desirous of resigning his right in five Leases containing forty seven Acres of Land, twenty three and an half of which to Mr. Orlando Bagley, and the like quantity to Mr. John Seale, humbly request your Worship and Council will give leave so to do. 3 April 1775 And your Petitioner will ever pray. Granted Captain Fortesque this day presented the following Letter. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. &c. Council. Gentlemen I find by Officer their is no Company's Long Boat gone on Board to day, my stay here will be of very great detriment to the Honble. Company and my Owners, with my own Boats and People I am doing my utmost even to the prejudice of my Peoples health, as well knowing the Consequence of the Ships detention here, particularly as I am going into the Cape and the Winter Months will be coming on fast I cannot Answer to my Owners paying your People for bringing the Honble. Company's Goods on Shore especially as I am ready to do all I can with my own Boats for the Publick Good tho by no means obliged to do it by Charter party. I trust you will Consider it in its true light, and give me all the assistance you can from the Consequences it carry's with it. I am Gentlemen your most Obt. most humble Servant. (Signed) F. Fortesque St. Helena 3 April 1775.	William Seale presented a petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council, dated 3 April 1775. He wished to give up his rights in five leases covering 47 acres of land. He asked leave to pass 23½ acres to Orlando Bagley and the same amount to John Seale. The Council granted the request. That day Captain F. Fortescue presented a letter to Governor Skottowe and the Council, dated at St Helena on 3 April 1775. His officer had told him that no Company longboat had come out to his ship that day. He warned that staying at the island would do serious harm to the Company and to his owners. He was already doing everything he could with his own boats and men, even at some risk to his crew's health. He knew well what delay to the ship would mean, particularly since he was bound for the Cape and the winter months were coming on fast. He could not justify to his owners paying the island's men to bring the Company's goods ashore. This was all the more so because he was ready to do everything he could with his own boats for the public good, though his charter party in no way obliged him to do so. He trusted the Council would see the matter in its true light and give him every help it could, given the consequences. F. Fortescue signed the letter. Interpretations Fortescue was perhaps the commander of the Osterley, the only ship then in the road bound outward from England. A ship landing stores for the island depended on the Company's longboats to carry the cargo through the surf at James Bay. Under his charter party, landing the Company's goods was the island's task, not the ship's. Fortescue was using his own boats and men to save time, and he objected to paying the island's boatmen when he was already doing their work for them. His concern about the season was real. The southern-hemisphere winter was approaching, and a ship that lingered at St Helena risked meeting heavy weather off the Cape on her way to India. His letter put on record that any delay, and any harm to his owners from it, came from the island's failure to supply its boats.
29	22	3rd April The above Letter not a little surprized Us as he had the assistance of the Long Boat and Men immediately on his Arrival and discharged the same on Account of not paying the Hands there in agreeable to the Customs of this Port, We therefore sent for Captain Fortesque and informed him that he should certainly receive from Us all the Assistance to expedite the unloading of his Ship, that he was welcome to the Long Boat during his stay here, but as he was by Charter party obliged to deliver his Cargoe without employing our People, We had no right to imploy the Military on any extraordinary Work that was not a Military Duty without paying them for it, therefore in case he choose to have any, they would be granted to him, provided he would comply with the above regulation of this settlement. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Fortescue's letter surprised the Council. The longboat and her men had gone to help him as soon as he arrived, but he had sent them away rather than pay the boat's crew, as the custom of the port required. The Council sent for Fortescue and told him he would certainly have every help it could give to speed the unloading of his ship, and that he was welcome to the longboat for as long as he stayed. Under his charter party, however, he was bound to deliver his cargo without using the island's men. The Council had no right to put soldiers to extraordinary work outside their military duty without paying them for it. If he wanted any men, they would be supplied, provided he kept to this rule of the settlement. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the minutes. Interpretations The Council's reply reversed the picture Fortescue had given. The charter party obliged the ship to land her own cargo, so the island owed him a boat but not men. The boatmen and labourers who worked the longboats were soldiers, and the Council treated any work beyond their military duty as earning them extra pay. That matched the paymaster's accounts, where soldiers drew 1s a day, or 1s 6d as craftsmen, for every day of labour on the works. A captain who wanted the island's soldiers to unload his ship had to pay them as the Company itself did. The Council made sure its account of what had passed went into the record beside Fortescue's letter. As in the dispute with Captain Paul of the Harcourt in July 1774, a commander's complaint would reach London with the Council's answer attached.
30	23	6th April At a Consultation held on Thursday the 6 day of April 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 3rd April 1775. Monday the 3rd Arrived a Dane Ship from China called the King Denmark Captain Shiffer Burthen ten hundred Tons, carrys twenty eight Guns and one hundred and sixty Men Loaden with Tea and China Ware bound to Copenhagen. Tuesday the 4th do. another Dane Ship from China called the Crown Prince Captain Hist, Burthen seven hundred Tons carrys twenty six Guns and one hundred and thirty Men Loaden with Tea and China Ware bound to Copenhagen. Yesterday Died Margaret the Wife of George Seale Planter do. Sailed the two Swede Ships Queen Sophia Magdalena and Prince Augustus for Gottenburg. The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Thames. Account of Stores short received from Ship Thames. c q lb 2 . 3 . 18 Rice short Weight Occasioned by Wastage 2 Pieces Chelloes short Packed. Jonn. Doveton Store Keeper 6 April 1775 Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ship Thames to Muster Company and enquire for Deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Thursday 6 April 1775. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The councillors read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 3 April 1775. 3 April 1775: the Danish ship King of Denmark arrived from China under Captain Sheffer, 1,000 tons, 28 guns and 160 men, carrying tea and china ware, bound for Copenhagen 4 April 1775: the Danish ship Crown Prince arrived from China under Captain Hert, 700 tons, 26 guns and 130 men, carrying tea and china ware, bound for Copenhagen 5 April 1775: Margaret, wife of George Seale, planter, died 5 April 1775: the Swedish ships Sophia Magdalena and Prince Gustav sailed for Gothenburg The storekeeper delivered an account of stores that had arrived short from the Thames. Jonathan Doveton signed it on 6 April 1775. Stores received short from the Thames Rice, 2 hundredweight 3 quarters 18 pounds, short in weight through wastage Chelloes, 2 pieces, short-packed William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the Thames to muster her crew and look for deserters. He found none, and her muster roll followed. Interpretations In barely a week the road held two Swedish and two Danish East Indiamen, all homeward from Canton with tea and china ware. Every European company trading with China now sent its ships home by way of St Helena. They took on water and fresh food, and the island earned money from each of them. Such foreign shipping also showed the scale of the China trade in which the English Company competed. George Seale lost his son John in January and now his wife.
31	24	6th April Muster Roll of Ship Thames Danl. Clarke Commandr. George Boyce 1 Mate James Wormcroft 2 do. John Wood 3 do. Thomas Yates 4 do. Richd. Harding 5 do. Samuel Fox 6 do. Thos. Wormcroft Purser Jos. Bright Surgeon John Barclay Sn. Mate Charles Shore Midshipn. Willm. Severne do. Thos. Westmore do. Geo Rutherden do. Josiah Seguine Gunner John Wate Boatswain Robt. Woolaston Carpenter John Martin 2 Master William Gyther do. Geo Thompson do. Geo Garner do. Andw. Bradford do. Thos. Bones Capt. Stewd. Andw. Duncan Gunr. Mte. Willm. Moore Bn. Mate Thos. Rigod do. Jos. Ruston Carp. Mate Thos. Wollaston do. James Osgrave Cooper John Belenie Cr. Mr. Thos. Shalwer Captn. Cook Wm. Herring Ships do. Willm. Parker Butcher Antonio Joseph Sailmaker Daniel Bennet Stephen Boyce Poulter Geo Cook Baker Henry Smith Seaman Geo Rowell Henry Nilson John Stewart John Reed Wm. Bruce Richd. Carnzee Willm. Sanders Andrew Smith John Lewis Mattw. Eastcote Willm. Atkinson John Robinson Stephen Simson Saml. Lacy Samuel Hart John Campbell John Harrison Geo Rogers Nathl. Dyble John Neale Edward Williams David Moore James Robinson Sampson Johnson Walter Ricks Thos. Taylor Robt. Cliffs Thos. Anderson Alexd. Janaway H. Callum James Patterson Jos. Woolaston Edward Davies Seaman Andrew Scott Willm. Bone Henry Dane John Taylor John Johnson Geo Bruce Wm. Penny John Ransap John Goyne John Patterson Willm. Porter Robt. Lester Geo Watson Thos. Clarke John Sharpe John Lilly Simon Cooper Thos. Seredot Jas. Buld John Patience Geo Bowman Francis Hicks Jackson Downing Geo Stanley John Moore Richard Bell John Allen Willm. Pope John Limehouse John Bright Edward Smith Emanuel Geo Boly John Watts James Reed	Muster roll of the ship Thames Daniel Clarke, commander George Boyce, first mate James Wilmcraft, second mate John Waad, third mate Thomas Yeoles, fourth mate Richard Harding, fifth mate Samuel Fox, sixth mate Thomas Wilmcraft, purser Joseph Bright, surgeon John Barclay, surgeon's mate Charles Hare, midshipman William Levene, midshipman Thomas Whitmore, midshipman George Rutherden, midshipman Joseph Seguin, gunner John Wale, boatswain Robert Woolaston, carpenter John Martin, quartermaster William Gylhar, quartermaster George Thompson, quartermaster George Garner, quartermaster Andrew Bradford, quartermaster Thomas Bones, captain's steward Andrew Duncan, gunner's mate William Moore, boatswain's mate Thomas Osgood, boatswain's mate James Ruston, carpenter's mate Thomas Woolaston, carpenter's mate James Osgrave, cooper John Belener, cooper's mate Thomas Stalwer, captain's cook William Henning, ship's cook William Parker, butcher Antonio Joseph, sailmaker Daniel Bennet, seaman Stephen Boyer, poulterer George Cook, baker Henry Smith, seaman George Howell, seaman Henry Nelson, seaman John Stewart, seaman John Reed, seaman William Bruce, seaman Richard Carnee, seaman William Sanders, seaman Andrew Smith, seaman John Lewis, seaman Matthew Eastcote, seaman William Atkinson, seaman John Robinson, seaman Stephen Simson, seaman Samuel Lacy, seaman Samuel Hart, seaman John Campbell, seaman John Harrison, seaman George Rogers, seaman Nathaniel Dyble, seaman John Neale, seaman Edward Williams, seaman David Moore, seaman James Robinson, seaman Sampson Johnson, seaman Walter Ricks, seaman Thomas Taylor, seaman Robert Clifts, seaman Thomas Anderson, seaman Alexander Jenaway, seaman Henry Cullum, seaman James Patterson, seaman Joseph Woolaston, seaman Edward Davies, seaman Andrew Scott, seaman William Bone, seaman Henry Dane, seaman John Taylor, seaman John Johnson, seaman George Bruce, seaman William Penny, seaman John Ransall, seaman John Goyne, seaman John Patterson, seaman William Porter, seaman Robert Lester, seaman George Watson, seaman Thomas Clarke, seaman John Sharpe, seaman John Lilly, seaman Simon Cooper, seaman Thomas Sendot, seaman James Bule, seaman John Patience, seaman George Bowman, seaman Francis Hicks, seaman Jackson Downing, seaman George Stanley, seaman John Moore, seaman Richard Bell, seaman John Allen, seaman William Pope, seaman John Limehouse, seaman John Bright, seaman Edward Smith, seaman Emanuel George Bety, seaman John Watts, seaman James Reed, seaman
32	25	1775 List of Discharged Soldiers Geo. Ratcliff John Rogers John Chambers John Wells Willm. Corker Richd. Padden Joseph Carely Willm. Wragg Christ. Sheppard Joseph Lawrance Alexd. Bremmer Edward Chapman John Lawder Alexdr. Thorne Thos. Bushy Thos. Harvey Wm. Englesby Robt. Mc. Lane John Queren John Mills Dennis Stephenson Richard Padden Lewis Arundel Thos. Johnson Anthony Gregory John Drake Passengers Captain Lyston Lieut. Mason Mrs. Abington Capt. Roche Mrs. Roche Mr. Alexr. Gordon Eight Children Four Servants (Signed) Danl. Clarke Bought on Account of the Honorable Company of Capt. Daniel Clarke, thirty three hundred and fourteen pounds of Flour and twelve Cape Sheep as pr. the following Bill amounting to forty nine pounds, seven shillings for the payment whereof We have given him Certificates. The Honble. Company Dr. To Daniel Clarke 33 c q lb .. 14 Fine Cape Flour @ 24/ £ 39 . 15 .. 8 Casks @ 12/ 4 . 16 .. 12 Sheep @ 8/ 4 . 16 £ 49 . 7 St. Helena 6 April 1775. Received the Contents by Certificates on the Honble. Company. (Signed) Danl. Clarke John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The roll of the Thames ended with the discharged soldiers and passengers she carried. Discharged soldiers George Ratcliff John Rogers John Chambers John Wells William Corker Richard Padden Joseph Carely William Wragg Christopher Sheppard Joseph Lawrance Alexander Brimmer Edward Chapman John Lawder Alexander Thorne Thomas Bushy Thomas Harvey William Englesby Robert McLane John Queren John Mills Dennis Stephenson Richard Padden Lewis Arundel Thomas Johnson Anthony Gregory John Drake Passengers Captain Lyston Lieutenant Mason Mrs Abington Captain Roche Mrs Roche Mr Alexander Gordon 8 children 4 servants Captain Daniel Clarke signed the roll. The Council bought 33 hundredweight 0 quarters 14 pounds of flour and 12 Cape sheep for the Company from Captain Daniel Clarke. His bill came to £49 7s 0d, and the Council paid him in certificates. Bill of Captain Daniel Clarke to the Company Fine Cape flour, 33 hundredweight 0 quarters 14 pounds, at 24s per hundredweight, £39 15s 0d Casks, 8, at 12s each, £4 16s 0d Sheep, 12, at 8s each, £4 16s 0d Total, £49 7s 0d Captain Daniel Clarke acknowledged receipt of certificates on the Company for the full sum at St Helena on 6 April 1775. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the minutes. Interpretations The discharged soldiers on the Thames were men of the Bombay army going home, who travelled at the Company's charge just as the Bengal and Madras soldiers had in the Bridgwater. Lieutenant Mason was perhaps the second lieutenant the Council dismissed on 18 October 1773. The Court's packet, opened on 30 March 1775, would have settled whether his dismissal stood. His passage home a week later suggests that it did. If so, the vacancy the Council had held for Richard Knipe since May 1774 was now open. The sheep cost only 8s each, about half the 15s paid to Captain Hoare a week earlier. Clarke perhaps sold off the last of his live stock cheaply rather than feed them on the voyage home.
33	26	10th April At a Consultation held on Monday the 10th day of April 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 6 April 1775. Saturday the 8 Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Thames for England. do. do. the two Dane Ships King of Denmark and Crown Prince for Copenhagen. This day Arrived Grove's Boat at Bankes at half past eight o'Clock in the Morning. do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Grove from China (last from the Cape) Joseph Whaley this day presented the following Petition. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council of St. Helena. The humble Petition of Joseph Whaley Sheweth That your Petitioner being very desirous of leaving his Native Country and proceeding to the East Indies upon the Ship Osterly, humbly request your Worship and Council will permit him so to do. 10 April 1775 And your Petitioner will ever pray. Granted The Plantation Account for the Quarter and the Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts, for the Month of March last were this day laid before Us, which were examined approved of, and are as follow Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 10 April 1775. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The councillors read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 6 April 1775. 8 April 1775: the Company's ship Thames sailed for England 8 April 1775: the Danish ships King of Denmark and Crown Prince sailed for Copenhagen 10 April 1775, 8.30 am: the boat of the Dover reached Banks 10 April 1775: the Company's ship Dover arrived from China, last from the Cape Joseph Whaley presented a petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council, dated 10 April 1775. He very much wanted to leave his native island and go to the East Indies in the Osterley, and he asked the Council's leave to do so. The Council granted it. The plantation account for the quarter, together with the accounts for artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for March 1775, was laid before the Council. The councillors examined and approved them, and they followed in the record. Interpretations Joseph Whaley was one of Richard Bagley's nephews, left £50 0s 0d under the will proved in October 1774. A young man born on the island who wanted a future beyond farming had few openings at home. The Osterley, bound for India, offered a way into the Company's service or private trade in the East, and the Council's leave was still needed before any inhabitant could sail.
34	27	1775 Account of the Honble. Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c. from 1 January to the 31 March 1775 Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Half grown, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Shoats, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Boars, Hogs Total, Horses, Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys, Poultry Geese Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 94, Neat Cattle Calves 78, Neat Cattle Yearlings 9, Neat Cattle Heifers 37, Neat Cattle Steers 32, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 273, Sheep Ewes 184, Sheep Weathers 12, Sheep Lambs 11, Sheep Rams 8, Sheep Half grown 0, Sheep Total 215, Goats Ewes 66, Goats Weathers 6, Goats Kids 39, Goats Rams 4, Goats Total 115, Hogs Sows 6, Hogs Shoats 4, Hogs Pigs 14, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 26, Horses 6, Mares 7, Horses Total 13, Poultry Fowls 100, Poultry Ducks 34, Poultry Turkeys 55, Poultry Geese 7 Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 19, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 19, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Half grown 0, Sheep Total 0, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 13, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 13, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 1, Horses Total 1, Poultry Fowls 18, Poultry Ducks 14, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 4 Bought: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 0, Sheep Ewes 114, Sheep Weathers 31, Sheep Lambs 3, Sheep Rams 7, Sheep Half grown 23, Sheep Total 178, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 15, Goats Kids 0, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 15, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 0, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Received from the Cape: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 0, Sheep Ewes 16, Sheep Weathers 64, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Half grown 0, Sheep Total 80, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 0, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 0, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 0, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 94, Neat Cattle Calves 97, Neat Cattle Yearlings 9, Neat Cattle Heifers 37, Neat Cattle Steers 32, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 292, Sheep Ewes 314, Sheep Weathers 107, Sheep Lambs 14, Sheep Rams 15, Sheep Half grown 23, Sheep Total 473, Goats Ewes 66, Goats Weathers 21, Goats Kids 52, Goats Rams 4, Goats Total 143, Hogs Sows 6, Hogs Shoats 4, Hogs Pigs 14, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 26, Horses 6, Mares 8, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 118, Poultry Ducks 48, Poultry Turkeys 55, Poultry Geese 11 Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 3, Neat Cattle Calves 2, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 1, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 6, Sheep Ewes 11, Sheep Weathers 18, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Half grown 0, Sheep Total 29, Goats Ewes 4, Goats Weathers 18, Goats Kids 9, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 31, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 3, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 22, Poultry Ducks 10, Poultry Turkeys 15, Poultry Geese 2 Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 1, Neat Cattle Yearlings 1, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 2, Sheep Ewes 7, Sheep Weathers 5, Sheep Lambs 2, Sheep Rams 1, Sheep Half grown 2, Sheep Total 17, Goats Ewes 4, Goats Weathers 1, Goats Kids 6, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 11, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 28, Poultry Ducks 3, Poultry Turkeys 13, Poultry Geese 0 Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 91, Neat Cattle Calves 94, Neat Cattle Yearlings 8, Neat Cattle Heifers 36, Neat Cattle Steers 32, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 284, Sheep Ewes 296, Sheep Weathers 84, Sheep Lambs 12, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Half grown 21, Sheep Total 427, Goats Ewes 58, Goats Weathers 2, Goats Kids 37, Goats Rams 4, Goats Total 101, Hogs Sows 6, Hogs Shoats 1, Hogs Pigs 14, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 23, Horses 6, Mares 8, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 68, Poultry Ducks 35, Poultry Turkeys 27, Poultry Geese 9 Changed their Species: Neat Cattle Bulls 10, Neat Cattle Cows 95, Neat Cattle Calves 58, Neat Cattle Yearlings 39, Neat Cattle Heifers 32, Neat Cattle Steers 34, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 284, Sheep Ewes 302, Sheep Weathers 108, Sheep Lambs 5, Sheep Rams 12, Sheep Half grown 0, Sheep Total 427, Goats Ewes 68, Goats Weathers 10, Goats Kids 18, Goats Rams 5, Goats Total 101, Hogs Sows 6, Hogs Shoats 9, Hogs Pigs 6, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 23, Horses 6, Mares 8, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 68, Poultry Ducks 35, Poultry Turkeys 27, Poultry Geese 9 Slaves Born 1 Boy Named James Stanby 1 Girl do. Christian Deceased Slaves 1 Man Named Walpool 1 do. do. Monday 1 Girl do. Molly Frank 1 Woman do. Mary Stanby Yams Expended for the Slaves 70540 do. Bought for the do. 4500 do. Expended for the Stock 20220 do. Bought for the Stock 150 Total 95410 Errors Excepted (Signed) Danl. Corneille	The plantation account recorded the Company's livestock between 1 January and 31 March 1775. Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille signed it, subject to any errors. Account of the Company's livestock, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Cattle in hand at 1 January: 7 bulls, 94 cows, 78 calves, 9 yearlings, 37 heifers, 32 steers, 16 oxen, total 273 cattle Sheep in hand at 1 January: 184 ewes, 12 wethers, 11 lambs, 8 rams, 0 half-grown, total 215 sheep Goats in hand at 1 January: 66 nanny goats, 6 wethers, 39 kids, 4 billy goats, total 115 goats Hogs in hand at 1 January: 6 sows, 4 shoats, 14 piglets, 2 boars, total 26 hogs Horses in hand at 1 January: 6 horses, 7 mares, total 13 horses Poultry in hand at 1 January: 100 fowls, 34 ducks, 55 turkeys, 7 geese Cattle bred: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 19 calves, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 oxen, total 19 cattle Sheep bred: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 0 lambs, 0 rams, 0 half-grown, total 0 sheep Goats bred: 0 nanny goats, 0 wethers, 13 kids, 0 billy goats, total 13 goats Hogs bred: 0 sows, 0 shoats, 0 piglets, 0 boars, total 0 hogs Horses bred: 0 horses, 1 mare, total 1 horse Poultry bred: 18 fowls, 14 ducks, 0 turkeys, 4 geese Cattle bought: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 0 calves, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 oxen, total 0 cattle Sheep bought: 114 ewes, 31 wethers, 3 lambs, 7 rams, 23 half-grown, total 178 sheep Goats bought: 0 nanny goats, 15 wethers, 0 kids, 0 billy goats, total 15 goats Hogs bought: 0 sows, 0 shoats, 0 piglets, 0 boars, total 0 hogs Horses bought: 0 horses, 0 mares, total 0 horses Poultry bought: 0 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 turkeys, 0 geese Cattle received from the Cape: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 0 calves, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 oxen, total 0 cattle Sheep received from the Cape: 16 ewes, 64 wethers, 0 lambs, 0 rams, 0 half-grown, total 80 sheep Goats received from the Cape: 0 nanny goats, 0 wethers, 0 kids, 0 billy goats, total 0 goats Hogs received from the Cape: 0 sows, 0 shoats, 0 piglets, 0 boars, total 0 hogs Horses received from the Cape: 0 horses, 0 mares, total 0 horses Poultry received from the Cape: 0 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 turkeys, 0 geese Cattle, combined total: 7 bulls, 94 cows, 97 calves, 9 yearlings, 37 heifers, 32 steers, 16 oxen, total 292 cattle Sheep, combined total: 314 ewes, 107 wethers, 14 lambs, 15 rams, 23 half-grown, total 473 sheep Goats, combined total: 66 nanny goats, 21 wethers, 52 kids, 4 billy goats, total 143 goats Hogs, combined total: 6 sows, 4 shoats, 14 piglets, 2 boars, total 26 hogs Horses, combined total: 6 horses, 8 mares, total 14 horses Poultry, combined total: 118 fowls, 48 ducks, 55 turkeys, 11 geese Cattle slaughtered: 0 bulls, 3 cows, 2 calves, 0 yearlings, 1 heifer, 0 steers, 0 oxen, total 6 cattle Sheep slaughtered: 11 ewes, 18 wethers, 0 lambs, 0 rams, 0 half-grown, total 29 sheep Goats slaughtered: 4 nanny goats, 18 wethers, 9 kids, 0 billy goats, total 31 goats Hogs slaughtered: 0 sows, 3 shoats, 0 piglets, 0 boars, total 3 hogs Horses slaughtered: 0 horses, 0 mares, total 0 horses Poultry slaughtered: 22 fowls, 10 ducks, 15 turkeys, 2 geese Cattle died: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 1 calf, 1 yearling, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 oxen, total 2 cattle Sheep died: 7 ewes, 5 wethers, 2 lambs, 1 ram, 2 half-grown, total 17 sheep Goats died: 4 nanny goats, 1 wether, 6 kids, 0 billy goats, total 11 goats Hogs died: 0 sows, 0 shoats, 0 piglets, 0 boars, total 0 hogs Horses died: 0 horses, 0 mares, total 0 horses Poultry died: 28 fowls, 3 ducks, 13 turkeys, 0 geese Cattle in hand at 31 March: 7 bulls, 91 cows, 94 calves, 8 yearlings, 36 heifers, 32 steers, 16 oxen, total 284 cattle Sheep in hand at 31 March: 296 ewes, 84 wethers, 12 lambs, 14 rams, 21 half-grown, total 427 sheep Goats in hand at 31 March: 58 nanny goats, 2 wethers, 37 kids, 4 billy goats, total 101 goats Hogs in hand at 31 March: 6 sows, 1 shoat, 14 piglets, 2 boars, total 23 hogs Horses in hand at 31 March: 6 horses, 8 mares, total 14 horses Poultry in hand at 31 March: 68 fowls, 35 ducks, 27 turkeys, 9 geese Cattle after regrading by age: 10 bulls, 95 cows, 58 calves, 39 yearlings, 32 heifers, 34 steers, 16 oxen, total 284 cattle Sheep after regrading by age: 302 ewes, 108 wethers, 5 lambs, 12 rams, 0 half-grown, total 427 sheep Goats after regrading by age: 68 nanny goats, 10 wethers, 18 kids, 5 billy goats, total 101 goats Hogs after regrading by age: 6 sows, 9 shoats, 6 piglets, 2 boars, total 23 hogs Horses after regrading by age: 6 horses, 8 mares, total 14 horses Poultry after regrading by age: 68 fowls, 35 ducks, 27 turkeys, 9 geese Slaves born: 1 boy, named James Stanby Slaves born: 1 girl, named Christian Slaves died: 1 man, named Walpool Slaves died: 1 man, named Monday Slaves died: 1 girl, named Molly Frank Slaves died: 1 woman, named Mary Stanby Yams issued to the slaves: 70,540 yams Yams bought for the slaves: 4,500 yams Yams issued to the livestock: 20,220 yams Yams bought for the livestock: 150 yams Total yams: 95,410 yams Interpretations The Council's decision of 9 January 1775 to restock the Company's flock took effect at once. It bought 178 sheep in the quarter and received 80 more from the Cape, nearly all of them ewes and wethers, and the flock doubled from 215 to 427. Only 29 sheep were killed, against 80 in the previous quarter, as the Company bought mutton for its table rather than drawing on its own breeding stock. For the first time the account added a column for half-grown sheep, since many of the animals bought in were not yet old enough to class as full-grown. The yam harvest recovered strongly. The slaves received 70,540 yams, more than four times the 16,840 of the previous quarter, and only small amounts had to be bought in. The failure of late 1774, which had forced the Company to feed its slaves from the warehouse, was over. Molly Frank, born between October and December 1774, died before she was six months old. Mary Stanby died in the same quarter in which a boy named James Stanby was born. She was perhaps his mother, and her death perhaps followed his birth.
35	28	10th April Artillery Stores expended in the Month of March 1775 Guns fired, 18 lbs., 9 lbs., 6 lbs., 4 lbs., 3 lbs., Powder lb, Powder oz 15 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder lb 14, Powder oz 8 Arrived a French Ship: Guns fired 7, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 3, 6 lbs. 4, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder lb 10, Powder oz 8 17 An Alarm for said Ship return from Windward: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder lb 14, Powder oz 8 20 An Alarm at Prosp. Bay & Turks Cape: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder lb 14, Powder oz 8 Arrived the Bessborough: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder lb 13, Powder oz 8 23 An Alarm at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs. 2, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder lb 7, Powder oz 0 Arrived the British King: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder lb 13, Powder oz 8 30 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder lb 14, Powder oz 8 Arrived the Osterly: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder lb 13, Powder oz 8 31 An Alarm at Prosperous Bay & Purlings Battery: Guns fired 8, 18 lbs. 2, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder lb 21, Powder oz 8 For Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder lb 226, Powder oz 4 For the Garrison Exercise: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder lb 137, Powder oz 0 Practice at Ruperts Valley: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder lb 202, Powder oz 0 Total: Guns fired 63, 18 lbs. 4, 9 lbs. 14, 6 lbs. 19, 4 lbs. 20, 3 lbs. 10, Powder lb 702, Powder oz 12 (Signed) James Tippet Captn. of Artillery Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in March 1775. 40 Bottles Madeira £ 2 . 10 .. 13 do. Port 1 .. 7 17 do. Lisbon 1 . 6 . 11 4 do. Mountain .. 6 . 4 34 do. Beer .. 11 . 4 16 Gallns. Arrack 2 . 8 44 lb Beef .. 11 100 Mutton 2 . 1 . 8 4 Turkeys 1 .. 6 Fowls .. 9 7 Ducks .. 10 . 6 74 Candy 1 . 17 548 Flour 5 . 2 . 9 7 Goats 3 . 10 £ 23 . 5 . 1	James Tippet signed the account of artillery stores used in March 1775 as captain of artillery. Artillery stores used, March 1775 15 March 1775, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder 15 March 1775, arrival of a French ship: 7 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 2 nine-pounders, 4 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 10 lb 8 oz of powder 17 March 1775, an alarm for the same ship returning from windward: 6 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder 20 March 1775, an alarm at Prosperous Bay and Turk's Cap: 6 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder 20 March 1775, arrival of the Bessborough: 9 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder 23 March 1775, an alarm at Purling's Battery: 2 guns fired, 2 eighteen-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 7 lb 0 oz of powder 23 March 1775, arrival of the British King: 9 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder 30 March 1775, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder 30 March 1775, arrival of the Osterley: 9 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder 31 March 1775, an alarm at Prosperous Bay and Purling's Battery: 8 guns fired, 2 eighteen-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 21 lb 8 oz of powder Powder for various duties, 226 lb 4 oz Powder for the garrison's exercise, 137 lb 0 oz Powder for practice at Rupert's Valley, 202 lb 0 oz Total: 63 guns fired, 4 eighteen-pounders, 14 nine-pounders, 19 six-pounders, 20 four-pounders, 10 three-pounders, 702 lb 12 oz of powder The steward's account recorded the food and drink used at the Company's table in March 1775. Supplies used at the Company's table, March 1775 40 bottles of Madeira, £2 10s 0d 13 bottles of port, £1 0s 7d 17 bottles of Lisbon wine, £1 6s 11d 4 bottles of mountain wine, £0 6s 4d 34 bottles of beer, £0 11s 4d 16 gallons of arrack, £2 8s 0d 44 lb of beef, £0 11s 0d 100 lb of mutton, £2 1s 8d 4 turkeys, £1 0s 0d 6 fowls, £0 9s 0d 7 ducks, £0 10s 6d 7 lb of sugar candy, £1 17s 0d 548 lb of flour, £5 2s 9d 7 goats, £3 15s 0d Total, £23 5s 1d Interpretations The new range at Rupert's Valley was now in use. Practice there took 202 lb of powder in March, on top of 137 lb for the garrison's monthly exercise. The Council had ordered the butt and range in October 1774 so that the artillery could fire live shot, and within six months its gunners were training there regularly. That met the complaint Corneille had laid before the Council in April 1774.
36	29	1775 Bought for the Table 211½ Beef @ 6 5 . 6 . 3 18½ do. @ 3½ .. 5 . 3½ 3 Turkeys .. 15 . 34 Fowls 2 . 11 . 12 Ducks .. 18 . 1 Goose .. 5 . 7 Pigs 1 . 15 £ 11 . 15 . 8½ The Engineer this day presented the following Letter. The Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council Gentlemen I have the Honour to acquaint You that the Artificers and Labourers were employed the last Quarter in carrying forward a range and erecting a Butt in Ruperts Valley for the Practice of the Artillery which I have the pleasure to inform You is complete, also carrying onward three New Houses and two Store Rooms. I do intend with Your permission Gentlemen this Quarter prosecuting with all the expedition, the three New Houses and the Store Rooms. St. Helena 10 April 1775 I have the Honour to be Gentlemen Your most Obt. Servant (Signed) James Tippet To which We directed the Secretary to return him the following Answer. To Captain James Tippet Engineer. Sir I am directed by the Governor and Council to acquaint You, that you are to prosecute with all the expedition you possibly can the three New Houses and Store Rooms You mention in your Letter of this day. 10th April 1775 I am Sir Your humble Servant (Signed) B. Wright Secy.	The steward's account for March 1775 closed with the food bought in for the Company's table. Bought in for the table, March 1775 212½ lb of beef at 6d, £5 6s 3d 18½ lb of beef at 3½d, £0 5s 3½d 3 turkeys, £0 15s 0d 34 fowls, £2 11s 0d 12 ducks, £0 18s 0d 1 goose, £0 5s 0d 7 pigs, £1 15s 0d Total bought in, £11 15s 8½d The engineer presented a letter to Governor Skottowe and the Council, dated at St Helena on 10 April 1775. In the past quarter the craftsmen and labourers had worked on the range and on building a butt in Rupert's Valley for the artillery's practice. He was pleased to report that this was now finished. They had also pressed on with three new houses and two storerooms. With the Council's permission, he meant to spend the coming quarter finishing the three houses and the storerooms with all speed. James Tippet signed the letter. The Council told the secretary to reply. Britannicus Wright wrote to Captain James Tippet, engineer, on 10 April 1775 on the orders of the Governor and Council. Tippet was to press on as fast as he possibly could with the three new houses and the storerooms named in his letter. Interpretations The three new houses stood on the site of the old church, as the Council had decided before February 1775, and were meant for the Company's servants. One was the house Wrangham had asked for on 6 February 1775, when Corneille objected to the arbitrary way houses were handed out. The storerooms answered the Council's complaint of May 1774 that cables, gun carriages and timber were spoiling for want of proper warehouses.
37	30	10th April The Ships True Briton and Ceres brought Us the following Supplys Viz. Invoice of Ship True Briton Singlo Tea 6 Chests qt. 2 . 63½ . 21 .. 15 . 2 . 3 .. Congo Tea 5 Chests 3 . 15½ . 22 69 . 3 .. Bohea Tea 7 Chests 8 . 31½ . 13 . 500 112 . 1 . 8 . 5 Sugar Candy first sort 10 Chests 19 . 61½ . 9 . 500 186 . 2 . 9 . 5 Sugar Candy second sort 10 Chests 18 . 88½ . 7 . 600 143 . 4 . 8 . 8 Sugar 34 Chests 68 . 83½ . 3 . 500 240 . 4 . 0 . 5 Tales 807 . 4 . 0 . 3 Canton 21 December 1774 Errors Excepted (Signed) Wm. Henry Pigou Geo. Rogers Willm. Harrison Mattw. Raper Junr. Edward Phipps Francis Wood Junr. Invoice of Ship Ceres China Ware 8 Chests Tales 123.420 Deduct 2 pr. Cent for breakage 2.470 120.950 120 . 9 . 5 . 0 Sago packed with the China Ware 3 . 9½ . 650 25 . 8 . 0 . 5 Singlo Tea 6 Chests 2 . 65½ . 21 55 . 6 . 5 . 0 Congo Tea 5 Chests 3 . 13 . 22 68 . 8 . 6 . 0 Bohea Tea 7 Chests 8 . 6½ . 13 . 500 116 . 6 . 1 . 0 Sugar Candy first sort 10 Chests 19 . 38½ . 9 . 500 184 . 1 . 1 Sugar Candy second sort 10 do. 19 . 92 . 7 . 600 146 . 1 . 4 . 8 Sugar soft 31 Chests 58 . 18½ . 3 . 500 203 . 6 . 3 . 0 Tales 921 . 7 . 9 . 3 Canton 20 Novr. 1774 Errors Excepted (Signed) Mattw. Raper Wm. Henry Pigou George Rogers Edward Phipps Francis Wood Junr. Willm. Harrison	The True Briton and the Ceres each brought a supply from Canton, valued in taels, mace, candareens and cash. Invoice of the ship True Briton Singlo tea, 6 chests, 2 piculs 63½ catties, at 21 taels per picul, 55 taels 2 mace 3 candareens 0 cash Congou tea, 5 chests, 3 piculs 15½ catties, at 22 taels per picul, 69 taels 3 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Bohea tea, 7 chests, 8 piculs 31½ catties, at 13 taels 5 mace per picul, 112 taels 1 mace 8 candareens 5 cash Sugar candy, first sort, 10 chests, 19 piculs 61½ catties, at 9 taels 5 mace per picul, 186 taels 2 mace 9 candareens 5 cash Sugar candy, second sort, 10 chests, 18 piculs 88½ catties, at 7 taels 6 mace per picul, 143 taels 4 mace 8 candareens 8 cash Sugar, 34 chests, 68 piculs 83½ catties, at 3 taels 5 mace per picul, 240 taels 9 mace 0 candareens 5 cash Total, 807 taels 4 mace 0 candareens 3 cash The True Briton's invoice was dated at Canton on 21 December 1774, subject to any errors. William Henry Pigou, George Rogers, William Harrison, Matthew Raper junior, Edward Phipps and Francis Wood junior signed it. Invoice of the ship Ceres China ware, 8 chests, 123 taels 4 mace 2 candareens, less 2 per cent for breakage of 2 taels 4 mace 7 candareens, 120 taels 9 mace 5 candareens 0 cash Sago, packed with the china ware, 3 piculs 97½ catties, at 6 taels 5 mace per picul, 25 taels 8 mace 3 candareens 5 cash Singlo tea, 6 chests, 2 piculs 65½ catties, at 21 taels per picul, 55 taels 6 mace 5 candareens 0 cash Congou tea, 5 chests, 3 piculs 13 catties, at 22 taels per picul, 68 taels 8 mace 6 candareens 0 cash Bohea tea, 7 chests, 8 piculs 61½ catties, at 13 taels 5 mace per picul, 116 taels 6 mace 2 candareens 5 cash Sugar candy, first sort, 10 chests, 19 piculs 38 catties, at 9 taels 5 mace per picul, 184 taels 1 mace 1 candareen 0 cash Sugar candy, second sort, 10 chests, 19 piculs 23 catties, at 7 taels 6 mace per picul, 146 taels 1 mace 4 candareens 8 cash Soft sugar, 31 chests, 58 piculs 18½ catties, at 3 taels 5 mace per picul, 203 taels 6 mace 3 candareens 0 cash Total, 921 taels 7 mace 9 candareens 3 cash The Ceres's invoice was dated at Canton on 20 November 1774, subject to any errors. Matthew Raper, William Henry Pigou, George Rogers, Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior and William Harrison signed it. Interpretations The supercargoes again split the island's supply among several ships. The Ceres carried almost exactly the same lot as the Bessborough, china ware and all, while the True Briton brought tea and sugar alone. Three ships from Canton within a month delivered nearly 2,700 taels' worth of goods. That was enough tea and sugar to keep the store supplied until the next season's ships, and it still allowed for the breakage and wastage that every cargo suffered.
38	31	1775 Captain Bradley this day presented the last Will and Testament of William Harrison Esqr. Deceased desiring the same might be registred which was Accordingly done, the Will is as follows. I William Harrison Supracargo in the Honble. English East India Company's Service, being perfectly well both in Body and Mind do hereby make my last Will & Testament First then to my Dear and Honored Mother I give and bequeath the Sum of five thousand pounds. To the Child of which Maria da Rosario, is now pregnant three thousand pounds after my good Mothers Death which God forbide, and I desire that the Child if it lives to the Age of two or three Years may be sent to England and there Educated. In case the Legacy of five hundred pounds left to Maria da Rosario by John Bradley Blake Esqr. Deceased is withheld by his relations I do will and Order that my Executors pay her annually fifty pounds out of the Interest arising from the Childs Fortune for her use and Maintenance during her Natural Life. To my two Sisters Elizabeth King and Mary Fark, I will three thousand pounds each, to my only Brother Samuel Harrison all the Residue of my Fortune to dispose of as he pleases subject however to the payment of five hundred pounds to Mr. Henry Mounsey of London for the trouble he has had in my Concerns. I also give to my Worthy Executor in China Mr. William Henry Pigou one hundred Pounds. To my good Friend Mr. Thomas Fitzhugh my best Diamond Ring and to my three God Children one hundred pounds each, I have no other Will but this in Witness whereof I have here unto set my Hand this twenty seventh day of November 1774. (Signed) Wm. Harrison Ordered the following Advertisement to be published. Island St. Helena 10 April 1775. This is to give Notice to all the Inhabitants upon the said Island that they are hereby required	Captain Broadley presented the last will and testament of the late William Harrison and asked for it to be registered, which was done. The will followed. Harrison described himself as a supercargo in the service of the English East India Company, in perfect health of body and mind. He left his dear and honoured mother £5,000 0s 0d. To the child with which Maria da Rosario was then pregnant he left £3,000 0s 0d, payable after his mother's death. If the child lived to the age of two or three, he wished it to be sent to England and educated there. A legacy of £500 0s 0d had been left to Maria da Rosario by the late John Bradley Blake. If Blake's relations withheld it, Harrison directed his executors to pay her £50 0s 0d a year for life from the interest on the child's fortune, for her use and maintenance. He left £3,000 0s 0d each to his two sisters, Elizabeth King and Mary Fache. The rest of his fortune went to his only brother, Samuel Harrison, to dispose of as he pleased. It was charged with a payment of £500 0s 0d to Henry Maunder of London for the trouble he had taken over Harrison's affairs. He left £100 0s 0d to his executor in China, William Henry Pigou. To his good friend Thomas Fitzhugh he left his best diamond ring, and to each of his three godchildren £100 0s 0d. He declared that he had made no other will, and he signed it on 27 November 1774. The Council ordered an advertisement to be published, dated at St Helena on 10 April 1775. It gave notice to all the island's inhabitants that they were required to act on its terms, which the record went on to set out. Interpretations William Harrison had signed the Canton invoices for the island's tea and sugar throughout 1774, the last of them with his fellow supercargoes in December. He made his will in November, before sailing for home, and he evidently died on the voyage. That explains why a ship's captain brought the will to St Helena to be registered. A copy registered there gave his executors a record that could be relied on if the original was lost at sea. His bequests showed how rich a supercargo in the China trade could become. He left more than £14,000 in named legacies alone, besides the residue to his brother, a fortune many times what any official on St Helena could expect. Maria da Rosario's name suggests a Portuguese woman, perhaps of Macao, where the supercargoes spent the months between trading seasons. Harrison provided for her and for their unborn child, and arranged for the child to be brought up in England.
39	32	10th April to meet in Vestry at the Chaple in this Valley on Monday next to Choose Parish Officers for the ensuing Year, they are likewise to return three of the Principal Inhabitants that one may be elected to serve the Office of Sheriff and to Choose a proper person for a Constable. Per Order of Council (Signed) B. Wright Secy. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The advertisement of 10 April 1775 required the inhabitants to meet as a vestry at the chapel in James Valley on the following Monday to choose the parish officers for the coming year. They were also to put forward three of the leading inhabitants, one of whom would be chosen to serve as sheriff, and to choose a suitable man as constable. Britannicus Wright signed the notice as secretary on the Council's orders. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the minutes. Interpretations The notice repeated the one of 28 March 1774 almost word for word. The yearly round of island government was now complete: the vestry met each spring after the shipping season to nominate its officers, and the Council chose among the names returned. As before, the Council kept the final choice of sheriff in its own hands.
40	33	12th April At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 12 day of April 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 10 April 1775. The ten Working days allowed by Charter party for unloading the Ship Osterly being expired, We gave Captain Francis Fortescue Sailing Orders in Writing to make the best of his way to the Cape of Good Hope, and as soon as he had executed his Instructions with regard to the Purchase of Flour and Wheat for the Settlement of Fort Marlborough and the Island of Balambangan to proceed to the West Coast of the Island of Sumatra according to the Instructions he has received from the Honorable the Court of Directors, to whom We likewise gave the following Letters to the several Presidency's in India and Supra Cargoes at Canton.	The Council met at the Castle on Wednesday 12 April 1775. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The councillors read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 10 April 1775. The Osterley's charter party allowed her 10 working days to unload, and that time had now run out. The Council gave Captain Francis Fortescue written sailing orders to make his best way to the Cape of Good Hope. Once he had carried out his instructions to buy flour and wheat there for the settlements at Fort Marlborough and Balambangan, he was to sail on to the west coast of Sumatra, as the Court of Directors had instructed him. The Council also gave him letters for the presidencies in India and the supercargoes at Canton, which followed in the record. Interpretations The Council sent Fortescue on his way the moment the 10 days expired, as it had done with Captain Hayter of the York in April 1774. Its prompt orders also answered Fortescue's own complaint of 3 April 1775 that delay at the island would hurt his owners. Any further lost time would now fall on him rather than on the island. The Osterley's errand at the Cape showed how the Company used the Dutch colony as a granary for its eastern settlements. Fort Marlborough and the new settlement at Balambangan could not grow enough grain of their own, so a Company ship bound east bought Cape flour and wheat for them on the way.
41	34	12th April To the Honorable Warren Hastings Esqr. Governor General &c. and Superior Council of the Company's Settlements in the East Indies. Sir and Sirs We had the honor of addressing you last under date of the 28 April 1774 by the Ship York Duplicate of which went by the Eagle Packet, since that period your several Advices have been duly received. We request You will please to send Us six Pipes of Madeira Wine for the use of this Settlement, and eight Maunds of the best Wax Candles [...] and one Leager of Arrack by each Ship. As to Rice and Paddy We wrote in the Course of last Year to the Honble. the Court of Directors requesting that they would Order an increase of those Articles hope therefore before the receipt of this Letter You will have received their Instructions relative thereto. We acquaint You of this particular that You may act Gentlemen agreeable to Your Judgments in sending Us the usual quantity of Rice and Paddy or increasing the same, as We are every Year greatly in Want of those Articles on this Island. In Our Letter to you of last Year We requested you would not supply Us with Sugar as it comes Invoiced so very dear hope You will discontinue sending Us any for the future being fully supplyed with that Article from China, We take the Liberty of mentioning this as the British King brought the usual Quantity. This Letter goes by way of Bencoolen and have Enclosed for your perusal a List of Ships Arrival and Departure to and from this Island since Our last. We are Sir and Sirs Your most Obt. humble Servants John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Mattw. Bazett Willm. Wrangham St. Helena 12 April 1775.	The Council wrote to Warren Hastings, Governor General, and the Supreme Council of the Company's settlements in the East Indies. It had last written to them on 28 April 1774 by the York, with a duplicate by the Eagle packet, and it had since received their various letters. The Council asked them to send six pipes of Madeira wine for the settlement and eight maunds of the best wax candles by each ship, together with one leaguer of arrack. As for rice and paddy, it had written to the Court of Directors during the past year asking it to order larger supplies. It hoped they would have received the Court's instructions on this before the letter reached them. The Council mentioned it so that they could use their own judgement about sending the usual quantity of rice and paddy or increasing it, since the island was badly short of both every year. In its letter of the previous year, the Council had asked them not to send sugar, which came invoiced at a very high price. It hoped they would now stop sending any, since the island was fully supplied with sugar from China. It raised the point again because the British King had brought the usual quantity. The letter was to travel by way of Bencoolen, and the Council enclosed a list of the ships that had arrived at and left the island since its last letter. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed it at St Helena on 12 April 1775. Interpretations The letter was addressed to Hastings as Governor General and to the Supreme Council, not to the President and Council of Fort William as in 1774. Under the Regulating Act passed by Parliament in 1773, Bengal's government had been raised above those of Madras and Bombay, and its Governor became Governor General of all the Company's settlements in India. The Council at St Helena now wrote to him under his new title. The Council's request for sugar had gone unheeded for a year. The British King brought the same 20 maunds that every Bengal ship had carried, though at a lower price. Repeating the request showed the Council's concern that Bengal was still filling an old standing order rather than responding to the island's needs. The sugar from Canton, delivered in quantity by the Bessborough, Ceres and True Briton, was cheaper and more than enough.
42	35	1775 To the Honorable Alexander Wynch Esqr. President Governor & Council at Fort St. George Sir and Sirs By the Eagle Packet, We addressed You last since which Your several Letters of different dates have reached Us. We request you will send for the use of this Island twenty pieces Long Cloth at twelve Pagodas pr. piece, twenty pieces at ten Pagodas pr. piece fifty pieces at eight Pagodas pr. Piece, fifty pieces at six Pagodas pr. piece eighty pieces at three and a half Pagodas pr. Piece and eighty Pieces at two and a half Pagodas pr. piece, and the usual Quantity of Arrack. As to Rice and Paddy We wrote in the Course of last Year to the Honorable the Court of Directors requesting that they would Order an increase of those Articles, hope therefore before the receipt of this Letter, You will have received their Instructions relative thereto. We acquaint You of this particular supposing You may have had Instructions for Consigning an increase of those Articles, if not to send Us the usual quantity. You will receive this Letter by way of Bencoolen and have sent Enclosed for your perusal a List of Ships that have touched here since Our last. We are Sir and Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants (Signed) John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Matthew Bazett William Wrangham St. Helena 12 April 1775.	The Council also wrote to Alexander Wynch, President and Governor of Fort St George, and his Council. It had last written to them by the Eagle packet, and their various letters of different dates had since reached the island. The Council asked Madras to send long cloth in several grades for the island's use, together with the usual quantity of arrack. Long cloth requested from Madras 20 pieces at 12 pagodas each 20 pieces at 10 pagodas each 50 pieces at 8 pagodas each 50 pieces at 6 pagodas each 80 pieces at 3½ pagodas each 80 pieces at 2½ pagodas each As for rice and paddy, the Council had written during the past year to the Court of Directors asking it to order larger supplies. It hoped Madras would have received the Court's instructions before this letter arrived. It mentioned the matter in case Madras had been told to send more. If not, Madras was to send the usual quantity. The letter was to travel by way of Bencoolen, and the Council enclosed a list of the ships that had called at the island since its last letter. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed it at St Helena on 12 April 1775. Interpretations The order for long cloth matched, grade for grade, the order sent to Madras on 28 April 1774. The island bought the same quantities each year, from the fine cloth at 12 pagodas a piece for the officers and planters down to the cheapest grades, ordered in the largest numbers, which clothed the slaves and made soldiers' shirts. The Bridgwater had delivered the previous year's lot in May 1774, and the store's sales and issues through the year had used it up.
43	36	12th April To the Honorable William Hornby Esqr. President & Governor & Council at Bombay Sir and Sirs We addressed You last the 28th April 1774 Duplicate whereof We sent pr. Eagle Packet, since which your several Letters came safe to Hand. We request You will send for the use of this Island two hundred pieces Surat Chelloes. As to Rice and Paddy We wrote in Course of last Year to the Honorable the Court of Directors requesting that they would Order an increase of those Articles, hope therefore, before the receipt of this Letter You will have received their Instructions relative thereto. We acquaint You of this particular supposing You may have had Instructions for Consigning an increase of those Articles, if not to send Us the usual quantity. You will receive this Letter by way of Bencoolen, and have enclosed for your perusal a List of Ships, Arrival and Departure to and from this Island since our last. We are Sir and Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants (Signed) John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Matthew Bazett William Wrangham St. Helena 12 April 1775 To the Honorable Richard Wyatt Esqr. President and Governor & Council at Fort Marlborough Sir and Sirs We wrote last to You the 28th April 1774 by the Ship York.	The Council wrote to William Hornby, President and Governor of Bombay, and his Council. It had last written to them on 28 April 1774 and sent the duplicate by the Eagle packet. Their various letters had since arrived safely. The Council asked Bombay to send 200 pieces of Surat chelloes for the island's use. As for rice and paddy, it had written during the past year to the Court of Directors asking for larger supplies, and it hoped Bombay would have received the Court's instructions before this letter arrived. If Bombay had been told to send more, it should do so. If not, it should send the usual quantity. The letter was to travel by way of Bencoolen. The Council enclosed a list of the ships that had arrived at and left the island since its last letter. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed it at St Helena on 12 April 1775. The Council next wrote to Richard Wyatt, President and Governor of Fort Marlborough, and his Council. It had last written to them on 28 April 1774 by the York, and the letter went on in the record. Interpretations The island raised its order for Surat chelloes from 150 pieces in 1774 to 200. The Thames had brought 10 corge, about 200 pieces, earlier that month, and the store had sold chelloes steadily all year. Asking for more showed the cloth was in growing demand among the inhabitants and the slaves.
44	37	1775 By this conveyance We send the Ship Osterly's Manifest of Goods Charter Party and Victualling Bill likewise Our Letters to the different presidency's in India and Council of Canton which You will please to forward by the first Opportunity. Agreeable to Our Honble. Masters Directions We have given Captain Frances Fortescue Orders to call at the Cape of Good Hope in his way to Bencoolen, and there to purchase on the Honorable Company's Account for your Settlement twelve hundred and forty four Bushels Wheat and three hundred and seventy five hundred Weight of Flour, and the Island of Balambangan one hundred Bushels of Wheat and thirty hundred of Flour, for which he is to pass his Bills on the Court of Directors upon the most favourable Terms he shall be able to obtain and request You will acquaint the Governor and Council of that Settlement with this Circumstance. You will receive Enclosed a List of Ships Arrival and Departure to and from this Island since Our last. We are Sir and Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Matthew Bazett William Wrangham St. Helena 12 April 1775. To the President and other Supra Cargoes of Council at Canton. Gentlemen By the Eagle Packet on the 3 May 1774 We had the pleasure of writing last to You since which Your several Letters have been duly received. We request you will be pleased to consign to Us upon the Honorable Company's Account six hundred pieces of	By the Osterley the Council sent Fort Marlborough the ship's manifest of cargo, her charter party and her victualling bill. It also sent its letters to the presidencies in India and the council at Canton, and asked Fort Marlborough to forward them by the first available ship. As the Court of Directors had ordered, the Council had instructed Captain Francis Fortescue to call at the Cape of Good Hope on his way to Bencoolen. There he was to buy, on the Company's account, 1,244 bushels of wheat and 375 hundredweight of flour for Fort Marlborough, and 100 bushels of wheat and 30 hundredweight of flour for Balambangan. He was to pay by bills on the Court of Directors on the best terms he could obtain. The Council asked Fort Marlborough to inform the Governor and Council of Balambangan accordingly. It enclosed a list of the ships that had arrived at and left the island since its last letter. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the letter at St Helena on 12 April 1775. The Council then wrote to the President and supercargoes of the council at Canton. It had last written to them by the Eagle packet on 5 May 1774, and their various letters had since arrived. The Council went on to ask them to send the island 600 pieces of cloth on the Company's account, as the letter set out further. Interpretations Fortescue was to pay for the Cape grain by drawing bills on the Court of Directors, the same method the island used to send private fortunes home. The Dutch at the Cape would accept a bill payable in London as readily as coin. The Company could therefore buy food for its settlements in the East without shipping silver round the Cape. Fort Marlborough's order was more than ten times the size of Balambangan's. Fort Marlborough was the Company's established pepper settlement on Sumatra, while Balambangan was a new and struggling outpost. Its own letter of January 1774 had sought craftsmen from St Helena, and it could barely feed the few men it held.
45	38	12th April good yellow Nankeen for the use of the Military of this Settlement. As We find by the Supplys you have sent Us this Year the Article of Candy to be one half of the Superfine and the other half of the second sort, and observing by our Indents that the qualitys were not specified, request for the future you will comply with our Indent by sending all of the second sort, as the first comes Invoiced at too high a price. This Letter goes by way of Bencoolen and have enclosed for your Perusal a List of Ships Arrival and Departure to and from this Place since our last. We are Gentlemen Your most obedient humble Servants (Signed) John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Matthew Bazett William Wrangham St. Helena 12 April 1775. The following are the Instructions We gave Captain Francis Fortescue. To Captain Francis Fortescue Commander of Ship Osterly. We have it in Command from the Honorable the Court of Directors to Order You on your leaving this Island to call at the Cape of Good Hope and to purchase there on the Honorable Company's Account for the use of the Presidency of Fort Marlborough and the Island of Balambangan the undermentioned quantitys of Wheat and Flour. For Fort Marlborough twelve hundred and forty four Bushels of Wheat, and three hundred and seventy five hundred Weight of Flour.	The Council asked the supercargoes at Canton to send 600 pieces of good yellow nankeen for the island's soldiers. That year's shipment of sugar candy had come as half of the finest grade and half of the second grade. The island's orders had never stated a grade. The Council asked that future orders be filled entirely with the second grade, because the finest had been charged at too high a price. The letter was going by way of Bencoolen, and the Council enclosed a list of the ships that had arrived at and left St Helena since its last letter. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed it at St Helena on 12 April 1775. The Council then recorded the orders it gave to Captain Francis Fortescue, commander of the Osterley. The Court of Directors had instructed the Council to send him to the Cape of Good Hope when he left the island. There he was to buy wheat and flour on the Company's account for the presidency of Fort Marlborough and for the island of Balambangan. Fort Marlborough was to receive 1,244 bushels of wheat and 375 hundredweight of flour. Interpretations Nankeen was a hard-wearing cotton cloth woven around Nanking. It was naturally buff or yellow in colour because it was spun from a tawny strain of cotton, so it needed no dye. The Company bought it at Canton by the piece. Its use for the garrison suggests that the soldiers' summer clothing came from China rather than from English woollens, which would have been heavy in the island's warmer months. Sugar candy was refined sugar crystallised in large lumps, which China exported in graded qualities. The Council's request for the second grade of candy showed an easy default being passed over. Canton had shipped the finest grade because the island's orders left the grade unstated, and the Council could simply have accepted that. It chose instead to fix the cheaper grade in writing for the future. The island's stores were sold on to the garrison and inhabitants at set rates, so a dear grade of candy would have cost the Company money or pushed up prices on the island.
46	39	1775 For Balambangan one hundred Bushels of Wheat, and thirty hundred Weight of Flour. For the Value whereof you are to pass your Bills upon the Honorable Company on the most favourable terms you shall be able to obtain. And We further Order that you make no longer stay at the Cape, than is necessary to execute the above Instructions. (Signed) John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Matthew Bazett Willm. Wrangham The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ships True Briton and Ceres. Account of Stores short received from the following Ships Viz. Ship True Briton c q lb .. 1 . 1 Sugar .. 1 . 2 Candy Short Weight occasioned by Wastage Ship Ceres 1 . 2 . 17 Sugar .. 2 . 11 Candy .. 1 .. Fine do. .. 1 . 20 Sago Short Weight occasioned by Wastage 29 Octagon Meat Plates 3 Bowls 9 Sneakers 2 Guglets & Basons 10 Half Pt. Cups & Saucers Found broke upon opening the Packages which were in good Order. (Signed) Jonn. Doveton Storekeeper 12 April 1775 Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ships True Briton and Ceres to Muster their Companys and enquire for Deserters but found none their Muster Rolls are as follow Viz.	The orders to Captain Francis Fortescue went on to set the share for Balambangan at 100 bushels of wheat and 30 hundredweight of flour. He was to pay for all the grain and flour by drawing bills on the Company on the best terms he could get. He was also told to stay at the Cape no longer than the purchase required. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the orders. On the same day the storekeeper, Jonathan Doveton, presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the True Briton and the Ceres. He signed it on 12 April 1775. Ship True Briton Sugar, [...] Sugar candy, 0 cwt 1 qr 2 lb Both shortfalls due to loss of weight in transit Ship Ceres Sugar, 1 cwt 0 qr 17 lb Sugar candy, 0 cwt 2 qr 11 lb [...], 0 cwt 1 qr 0 lb Sago, 0 cwt 1 qr 20 lb All four shortfalls due to loss of weight in transit Oblong meat plates, 29 Bowls, 3 Sneakers, 9 Guglets and basins, 2 sets Half-pint cups and saucers, 11 China all found broken when the packages were opened, though the packages arrived intact William Wrangham reported that he went aboard the True Briton and the Ceres to muster the Company's soldiers and recruits on board and to search for deserters. He found no deserters, and the muster rolls followed. Interpretations The broken china came from Canton with the Ceres. A sneaker was a small bowl without handles, of the kind used to drink tea or punch. A guglet was a long-necked earthenware or porcelain water bottle that usually came with a matching basin for washing. Sago was a starch taken from the pith of East Indian palms and sold as small dried grains, which were boiled into a light food for the sick. Doveton's note that the packages arrived in good order mattered for who bore the loss. Damage visible on the outside of a package would have pointed to careless handling aboard ship, and the commander could be charged for it. Breakage found only when a sound package was opened pointed to poor packing at Canton, so the loss fell on the Company. Weight lost in transit was dealt with in the same way, since sugar and candy naturally lost weight through drainage and drying on a long voyage.
47	40	12th April Muster Roll of Ship True Briton John Bradley Commandr. George Allen 1 Mate Willm. White 2 do. Abraham Mills 3 do. John Wright 4 do. Henry Paul 5 do. Randle Howard 6 do. Thos. Nelson Surgeon Jas. Welch Purser Gabl. Tyrell Boatswain Jas. Douglas Gunner Thos. Bly Carpenter Wm. Beck Mid. & Coxswain Thos. Wellshope Midshipn. Thos. Burton do. Fortway Parker do. Willm. Parrott do. Wm. Gordon 2 Master Edward Henderson do. Joseph Hunter do. Timothy Cunningham do. Robt. Mitchel Steward Thos. Fry Captn. do. Atherton Paxton Ships Cook Grand Parker Captn. do. John Garland Caulker John Savage Cooper Saml. Hill Coopers Mate Geo Burleston Sailmaker John Brooks Armourer John Wright Butcher Andw. Seeley Boatn. Mate John Stringer Carpr. 1 do. Thos. Hyde Carpr. 2 Mate John Pierce Surgeons do. John Welch Seaman Michl. Brown Willm. Elliott John Dunn Collin Binney Michael Turner Michael Norton Peter Brooder Geo Lugland John Barton Willm. Haswell Willm. Pundar Willm. Robertson Geo Butler Peter Garrett David Walker Rowland Gragg James Clarke Joseph Murray David Mitchell James Ritchie John Brent Robt. Harding Christopher Searcey James Foster Thos. Shaw Henry Shaw John Smisby Joseph Rowland David Ellison Vincenzo Treane Henry Brogden Seaman John Killar John Thompson Thos. Williams Willm. Mitchell Jas. Mc. Lamson John Peterson John Clarke Jas. Goodall Nichl. Lawrance Robt. Willson Thos. Wilkinson Norman Burns Saml. Covington James Paul Geo Gibb John Whiteman David Douglas Robt. Tate John Emanuel John Rolle Lewis Trongosde Richard Baxton James Newports Chas. True Briton John Hons Willm. Gundry Marcus Victor Jas. Garraway Willm. Lommes Stepn. Lumbey Jas. Hammond John Hook Passengers Willm. Ward Soldier Robt. Mayne do. John Wyatt do. Thos. Stokes Soldier Wm. Smilie do. Donald Mc. Kenzie John Rice Servt. John Brown John Williams R. Mc. Donald (Signed) J. Bradley	The muster roll of the True Briton, signed by her commander, John Bradley, listed the following crew and passengers. Muster roll of the ship True Briton John Bradley, commander George Allen, first mate William White, second mate Abraham Mills, third mate John Wright, fourth mate Henry S[...], fifth mate Paule Howard, sixth mate Thomas Nelson, surgeon James Welch, purser Gabriel Tyrell, boatswain James Douglas, gunner Thomas Bly, carpenter William Beck, midshipman and coxswain Thomas Wal[...], midshipman Thomas Preston, midshipman Fortney Parker, midshipman William Purcell, midshipman William Gordon, quartermaster Edward Henderson, quartermaster Joseph Hunter, quartermaster Timothy Cunningham, quartermaster Robert Mitchel, steward Thomas Fry, captain's steward Atherton Coulon, ship's cook Owen Baker, captain's cook John Garland, butcher John Savage, cooper Samuel Hill, caulker's mate George Partleston, sailmaker John Brooks, armourer John Wright, butler Andrew Sealey, boatswain's mate John Stringer, carpenter's first mate Thomas Hyde, carpenter's second mate John Peirce, surgeon's mate John Welch, seaman Michael Brown, seaman William Elliott, seaman John Dunn, seaman Collin Bonner, seaman Michael Turner, seaman Michael Norton, seaman Peter Brodie, seaman George [...]lands, seaman John Barton, seaman William Raswell, seaman William Bunday, seaman William Robertson, seaman George Butler, seaman Peter Garrett, seaman David Walton, seaman Rowland Gregory, seaman James Clarke, seaman Joseph Murray, seaman David Mitchell, seaman James Ritchie, seaman John Brant, seaman Robert Harding, seaman Christopher Shauncey, seaman James Foster, seaman Thomas Shaw, seaman Henry Shaw, seaman John Spinsby, seaman Joseph Rowland, seaman David Ellison, seaman Vincenzo Viane, seaman Henry Brugden, seaman John Pillar, seaman John Thompson, seaman Thomas Williams, seaman William Mitchell, seaman James McShannon, seaman John Peterson, seaman John Clarke, seaman James Goodall, seaman Nicholas Lawrance, seaman Robert Wilson, seaman Thomas Wilkinson, seaman Norman Burns, seaman Samuel Covington, seaman James Paul, seaman George Gibbs, seaman John Whiteman, seaman David Douglas, seaman Robert Tate, seaman John Emanuel, seaman John Rolles, seaman Lewis Drangoole, seaman Richard Baxton, seaman James Newport, seaman Charles True Briton, seaman John Hons, seaman William Gundry, seaman Marcus Pe[...], seaman James Gunaway, seaman William Simmons, seaman Stephen Lembey, seaman James Hammond, seaman John Hook, seaman Passengers William Ward, soldier Robert Mayne, soldier John Wyatt, soldier Thomas Stokes, soldier William Snider, soldier Donald McKenzie, soldier John Prior, servant John Brown John Williams Robert McDonald Interpretations One seaman, entered as Charles True Briton, had the ship's own name as his surname. Such a name was usually given to a man taken on during the voyage who had no European surname, such as an African or Asian sailor or a boy recruited abroad. He was probably given the vessel's name when he was entered on her books, and it stayed with him in the Company's records. Wrangham mustered every ship to catch deserters, and a named roll was the tool that made this possible. Each man had to answer to his name on deck. A soldier from the garrison hiding aboard would therefore show up as a man not on the list, and a seaman missing at the count might have slipped ashore.
48	41	1775 Muster Roll of Ship Ceres Thos. Newte Commander David Baldock 1 Mate John Hall 2 do. Willm. Story 3 do. Robt. Taylor 4 do. Chas. Lindegren 5 do. John Whiteway 6 do. Saml. Moffatt Surgeon Richard Lockyer Purser Richd. Roberts Boatswain Willm. Reed Carpenter Joseph Bowes Gunner Jn. Clark Captn. Cook John Pomfret Midshipman Chas. Oliver Steath do. James Taylor do. Henry Stokoe do. John Colborne do. Joseph Laughton Capt. Stewd. Willm. Ford Caulker John Tate Cooper Robt. Wright 2 Master Alexr. Cummings do. James Abbot do. Henry Newnham do. Joseph Peterson do. Luke Davis do. Wm. Langley Carpr. 1 Mate Wm. Wright do. 2 do. Willm. Newcombe Joiner Henry Ash Caulkers Mate Jas. Stephenson Coopers do. John Rowley Poulterer Jn. Mc. Donald Baker Thos. Tate Boatn. Mate Peter Gilly Seaman Willm. Henning James Wood Chris. Tomkins John Tate James Balgrave John Foster Andrew Craig Vincent Romans Thos. Rowland John Spears Thos. Robinson Jacob How John Duncan Samuel Willson John Benjamin James Reading John Clarke Alexd. Mc. Dow John Ruth Charles Johnson Samuel Mercer James Craig Willm. Strong R. Wetherington Willm. Taggart Joseph Steath Thos. Smith Robt. Abbott Richd. Greening John Burton Alexd. Joseph Robt. Chalmers John Leake Seaman Willm. Smith John Stewart James Blackwell Thos. Johns Benjn. Marsh Richard Price John Smith Thos. Holland Geo Thompson John Jacobs Jenkes Geo Stevens Michl. Wayman John Lawrance Thos. Sheppard Geo Sedgwick Geo Duff Samuel Hughes Mattw. Akers John Walker Robt. Sanden George Poole John Smith Silvester Mullins James Burgess Andrew Cullen Archd. Seaman Patrick O'Neale John Packer Alexd. Moore Jam. Currier John Baptiste Peter Mannondo John Mannondo (Signed) Richard Lockyer (for Captn. Thos. Newte.)	Richard Lockyer, purser of the Ceres, signed her muster roll on behalf of her commander, Captain Thomas Newte, and it listed the following crew. Muster roll of the ship Ceres Thomas Newte, commander David Baldock, first mate John Hall, second mate William Story, third mate Robert Taylor, fourth mate Charles Lindegren, fifth mate John Whiteway, sixth mate Samuel Moffatt, surgeon Richard Lockyer, purser Richard Roberts, boatswain William Reed, carpenter Joseph Powes, gunner James Clark, captain's cook John Pomfret, midshipman Charles Oliver Smith, midshipman James Taylor, midshipman Henry Stokoe, midshipman John Colborne, midshipman Joseph Laughton, captain's steward William Ford, caulker John Tate, cooper Robert Wright, quartermaster Alexander Cumming, quartermaster James Abbot, quartermaster Henry Newnham, quartermaster Joseph Peterson, quartermaster Luke Davis, quartermaster William Langley, carpenter's first mate William Wright, carpenter's second mate William Newcombe, joiner Henry Ash, caulker's mate James Stephenson, cooper's mate John Rowley, poulterer James McDonald, baker Thomas Taite, boatswain's mate Peter Gilly, seaman William Benning, seaman James Wood, seaman Christopher Tomkins, seaman John Tate, seaman James Balgrave, seaman John Foster, seaman Andrew Craig, seaman Vincent Bernans, seaman Thomas Rowland, seaman John Spears, seaman Thomas Robinson, seaman Jacob Stow, seaman John Duncan, seaman Samuel Wilson, seaman John Benjamin, seaman James Reading, seaman John Clarke, seaman Alexander McDow, seaman John South, seaman Charles Johnson, seaman Samuel Mercer, seaman James Gray, seaman William Strong, seaman Richard Wetherington, seaman William Taggart, seaman Joseph Ste[...], seaman Thomas Knott, seaman Robert Abbott, seaman Richard Greening, seaman John Bursted, seaman Alexander Joseph, seaman Robert Chalmers, seaman John Leeke, seaman William Smith, seaman John Stewart, seaman James Blackwell, seaman Thomas John, seaman Benjamin Marsh, seaman Richard Price, seaman John Smith, seaman Thomas Holland, seaman George Thompson, seaman John Gray Forbes, seaman George Stevens, seaman Michael Wegeman, seaman John Lawrance, seaman Thomas Shepherd, seaman George Sedgwick, seaman George Duff, seaman Samuel Hughes, seaman Matthew [...], seaman John Walker, seaman Robert Sanden, seaman George Poole, seaman John Smith, seaman Silvester Mullins, seaman James Pursey, seaman Andrew Cullen, seaman Archibald Seaman, seaman Patrick O'Neale, seaman John Parker, seaman Alexander Mires, seaman Samuel Currier, seaman John Baptista, seaman Peter Marmondo, seaman John Marmondo, seaman Interpretations The Ceres carried a poulterer and a baker among her crew. East Indiamen of the period took live poultry, pigs and sheep to sea for the captain's table and the paying passengers, and the poulterer kept the birds in their coops on deck. The baker made fresh bread for the officers' mess, while the ordinary seamen lived on ship's biscuit.
49	42	12th April Bought on Account of the Honorable Company of Captain Thomas Newte sixty Sheep at fifteen shillings each the whole amounting to forty five pounds as pr. the following Bill for the payment whereof We have given him Certificates. The Honble. United East India Company Dr. To the Owners of the Ceres 60 Sheep @ 15/ £ 45 .. St. Helena 12 April 1775 Received the Contents by Certificates upon the Honble. the Court of Directors (Signed) Thos. Newte We have granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors Viz. One Set to Captain Henry Bazett for one hundred and fifty pounds, payable to Matthew Purling Esqr. (or Order) And One Set to Mr. Thomas Stroud for forty five pounds, payable to Mr. Matthew Humphrey (or Order) both drawn at Ninety days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council bought 60 sheep for the Company from Captain Thomas Newte of the Ceres at 15s each, a total of £45 0s 0d. Newte was paid with certificates, and the bill was recorded as follows. The Honourable United East India Company, debtor to the owners of the Ceres 60 sheep at 15s each, £45 0s 0d Newte signed at St Helena on 12 April 1775 to confirm that he had received the full sum in certificates payable by the Court of Directors. The Council also issued two sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, each payable at 90 days' sight. Captain Henry Bazett received one set for £150 0s 0d, payable to Matthew Purling or his order. Thomas Stroud received the other for £45 0s 0d, payable to Matthew Humphrey or his order. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The bill named the owners of the Ceres as the sellers, not Captain Newte himself. Sheep shipped as live sea stock belonged to the ship's owners, who victualled the vessel, so the captain only acted for them in the sale. The purchase added to a Company flock that had collapsed and been rebuilt to 427 head by March 1775. Buying from a passing ship at 15s a head was quicker than waiting for the island's own ewes to breed. The Council paid Newte with certificates instead of a bill of exchange. A certificate was a statement issued by the Council that a sum was owed for goods supplied to the Company. The ship's owners presented it at East India House when the vessel returned, and it was settled against their wider account with the Company. A bill of exchange, like those granted to Henry Bazett and Thomas Stroud, was a separate instrument that a private person could sell on or pay to a named agent in London.
50	43	17th April At a Consultation held on Monday the 17 day of April 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 12 of April 1775. Friday the 14 Arrived a French Ship from China called the La Superbe Captain De Vigny Burthen fourteen hundred Tons carrys twenty Guns and two hundred and twelve Men, Loaden with Tea and China Ware bound to Port L'Orient. Saturday the 15 Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship True Briton for England. This Morning Died Jane Daughter of Mr. William Wrangham of Council. The Storekeeper this day brought in his Collections and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter commencing the 1 January and ending the 31 March last which were Examined and approved, and are as follow Viz. Collection of Goods sold and Delivered out of the Honorable Company's Ware Houses from the 1 January to the 31 March 1775. Sold at 10 pr. Cent Sugar and Candy Viz. c q lb 97 . 3 . 4 Sugar 160 . 2 . 7 35 .. 12 Candy 82 . 13 . 2 242 . 15 . 9 Flour Viz. 95 .. 6 Flour 99 . 2 . 6 476 .. 6 do. Baked 491 .. 11 590 . 3 . 5 Carried Over £ 832 . 19 . 2	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 17 April 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 12 April 1775. The French ship Le Superbe, under Captain de Vigny, arrived from China on Friday 14 April 1775. She was a vessel of 1,400 tons with 20 guns and 212 men. She carried a cargo of tea and china and was bound for Port L'Orient. The Company's ship True Briton sailed for England on Saturday 15 April 1775. Jane, the daughter of William Wrangham of the Council, died on the morning of the meeting. The storekeeper presented his collections, and the paymaster his accounts, for the quarter running from 1 January to 31 March 1775. The Council examined and approved both. The collection covered goods sold and issued from the Company's warehouses over that quarter. Collection of goods sold and issued from the Company's warehouses, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Sold at 10 per cent above cost Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 97 cwt 3 qr 4 lb, £160 2s 7d Sugar candy, 35 cwt 0 qr 12 lb, £82 13s 2d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £242 15s 9d Flour Flour, 95 cwt 1 qr 6 lb, £99 2s 6d Flour issued baked, 476 cwt 0 qr 6 lb, £491 0s 11d Total for flour, £590 3s 5d Carried forward, £832 19s 2d Interpretations Goods sold at 10 per cent were charged at their invoice cost with a mark-up of a tenth added. The Company used this low rate for necessities such as flour and sugar, which it supplied to the garrison and settlers almost at cost. Luxuries and imported manufactures carried a heavier advance, so the pricing worked as a form of subsidy on staple food. Almost five times as much flour went out baked as went out raw. The Company's bakehouse turned most of the flour into bread before issuing it, and this was charged by the weight of flour used. The pattern suggests that most of the garrison drew its bread ready made rather than baking at home.
51	44	17th April Brought Over £ 832 . 19 . 2 Rice and Paddy Viz. c q lb 2 . 3 . 17 Rice 1 . 9 . 7 15 . 3 . 21 Paddy 3 . 8 . 5 4 . 18 . Tea Viz. 3 .. 8 Singlo 19 . 18 . 3 7 . 2 . 20 Congo 52 . 1 6 . 2 . 20 Bohea 27 . 16 5 Cannisters Hyson 2 . 6 . 9 2 do. Souchon .. 16 . 10 102 . 13 . 10 Cordage c q lb 3 . 1 . 23 6 . 10 . 7 Coffee 30 1 . 7 . 6 Starch 74 lb 2 . 6 . 3 Sago 114 lb 2 . 9 . 7 Beef and Pork Viz. 581 lb Beef 58 . 2 5001 lb Pork 500 . 2 558 . 4 Flannel 18½ Yards 1 . 18 . 6 Chelloes 20 Pieces 12 . 5 . 5 Arrack 17 Gallons 4 . 5 . Leather 2 lb Sole .. 1 . 9 Candles c q lb .. 1 . 11 5 . 17 . Pease 3½ Bushels 1 . 13 . 5 Lead Viz. 1 .. 3 Sheet 1 . 2 . 10 .. .. 6 Pig .. 1 .. 1 .. .. Shott 1 . 2 . 4 2 . 6 . 2 Sope 56 lb 3 . 12 .. Salt 4½ Bushels .. 16 . 2 Twine Viz. 1 Sk. Marline .. .. 4 ½ lb Cotton Wick .. .. 8 .. 1 . Corks 1½ Shot .. .. 10 Wheat c q lb .. 1 . 15 .. 15 . 2 Iron 1 . 1 . 27 1 . 9 . 3 Carried Over £ 1544 . 15 . 11	The quarter's collection of goods sold from the Company's warehouses continued from the total of £832 19s 2d brought forward. Brought forward, £832 19s 2d Rice and paddy Rice, 2 cwt 3 qr 17 lb, £1 9s 7d Paddy, 15 cwt 3 qr 21 lb, £3 8s 5d Total for rice and paddy, £4 18s 0d Tea Singlo tea, 3 cwt 0 qr 8 lb, £19 18s 3d Congou tea, 7 cwt 2 qr 20 lb, £52 1s 0d Bohea tea, 6 cwt 2 qr 20 lb, £27 16s 0d Hyson tea, 5 canisters, £2 6s 9d Souchong tea, 2 canisters, £0 16s 10d Total for tea, £102 18s 10d Cordage, 3 cwt 0 qr 23 lb, £6 10s 7d Coffee, 30 lb, £1 7s 6d Starch, 7[...] lb, £2 6s 3d Sago, 11[...] lb, £2 9s 7d Beef and pork Beef, 581 pieces, £58 2s 0d Pork, 5,001 pieces, £500 2s 0d Total for beef and pork, £558 4s 0d Flannel, 18½ yards, £1 18s 6d Chelloes, 20 pieces, £12 5s 5d Arrack, 17 gallons, £4 5s 0d Leather, 2 soles, £0 1s 9d Candles, 1 cwt 0 qr 11 lb, £5 17s 0d Pease, 3½ bushels, £1 13s 5d Lead Sheet lead, 1 cwt 0 qr 3 lb, £1 2s 10d Pig lead, 0 cwt 0 qr 6 lb, £0 1s 0d Lead shot, 1 cwt 0 qr 0 lb, £1 2s 4d Total for lead, £2 6s 2d Soap, 56 lb, £3 12s 0d Salt, 4½ bushels, £0 16s 2d Twine Marline, 1 skein, £0 0s 4d Cotton wicks, £0 0s 8d Total for twine, £0 1s 0d Corks, 1½ gross, £0 0s 10d Wheat, [...] 25 lb, £0 15s 2d Iron, 1 cwt 1 qr 27 lb, £1 9s 3d Carried forward, £1,544 15s 11d Interpretations The five teas ran from cheap to dear. Bohea was the coarsest black tea, made from late, large leaves, and it was the common drink of soldiers and labourers. Congou was a better-made black tea and Souchong a finer one still. Singlo was a cheap green tea, while Hyson was the finest green tea, picked young and sold in sealed canisters instead of by weight. Paddy was rice still in its husk. It kept better than husked rice on a long voyage, and on the island it served largely as feed for poultry and livestock as well as food for slaves. Chelloes were coarse chequered cotton cloths from India, usually blue and white, used for working clothes and the clothing of slaves. Arrack was a spirit distilled in India and the East Indies from palm sap or fermented rice. Marline was thin, two-stranded tarred line used for binding the ends of ropes. Pork outsold beef by almost nine to one. The salt meat came in standard pieces at 2s each, and the island raised its own cattle chiefly for draught and for the shipping. Salt pork from the stores was therefore the everyday meat ration, while fresh beef stayed scarce and was kept back for supplying ships in the road.
52	45	1775 Brought Over £ 1544 . 15 . 11 Bunting Viz. 4½ Yds. Red .. 3 . 7 3 do. White .. 1 . 11 .. 5 . 6 Broad Cloth Viz. 9⅞ Yards Scarlet 10 . 3 . 5 5⅞ do. Green 5 . 4 .. 4½ do. Pompadore 4 . 2 . 11 2⅝ do. Dark Brown 2 . 10 . 6 ¼ do. Mix Blue .. 5 7½ do. French Grey 7 . 10 .. 2 do. Black Cassimere .. 18 . 11 31 .. 9 Braziers Ware Viz. 2 Pr. Steel Snuffers .. 6 . 7 1 Five Quart Tea Kettle .. 18 . 8 1 . 5 . 3 Books Viz. 4 Spelling .. 5 .. 3 Testaments .. 5 . 10 2 Primmers .. .. 7 1 Large Bible 1 . 10 . 3 2 . 1 . 8 Camblet 5½ Yards Green .. 18 . 7 Canvas 18 Yards English .. 18 . 9 Cutlery Ware Viz. 38 Buckling Combs .. 19 . 9 6 Fine Ivory do. .. 18 . 6 6 Ordy. do. do. .. 7 . 6 58 Horn do. .. 16 . 11 34 Pr. Leather Garters 1 . 5 . 6 1 Shoe Knife .. .. 5 1 Stone do. .. 1 . 8 4 . 10 . 3 Deals Viz. 1 Double .. 3 . 9 5 Balk 2 . 8 . 9 5 Cuffees 1 .. 3 17 Bundls. Fir Laths 1 . 2 . 4 4 . 15 . 1 Carried Over £ 1590 . 11 . 9	The quarter's sales from the Company's warehouses continued from the total of £1,544 15s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,544 15s 11d Bunting Red bunting, 4½ yards, £0 3s 7d White bunting, 3 yards, £0 1s 11d Total for bunting, £0 5s 6d Broadcloth Scarlet broadcloth, 9⅛ yards, £10 3s 5d Green broadcloth, 5⅛ yards, £5 4s 0d Pompadour broadcloth, 4½ yards, £4 0s 11d Dark brown broadcloth, 2⅝ yards, £2 10s 6d Mazarine blue broadcloth, ¼ yard, £0 5s 0d French grey broadcloth, 7⅞ yards, £7 10s 0d Black cassimere, 2 yards, £0 18s 11d Total for broadcloth, £31 0s 9d Brass and copper ware Steel snuffers, 2 pairs, £0 6s 7d Five-quart tea kettle, 1, £0 18s 8d Total for brass and copper ware, £1 5s 3d Books Spelling books, 4, £0 5s 0d Testaments, 3, £0 5s 10d Primers, 2, £0 0s 7d Large Bible, 1, £1 10s 3d Total for books, £2 1s 8d Green camlet, 5¼ yards, £0 18s 7d English canvas, 18 yards, £0 13s 9d Cutlery and small wares Buckling combs, 33, £0 19s 9d Fine ivory combs, 6, £0 13s 6d Ordinary ivory combs, 6, £0 7s 6d Horn combs, 58, £0 16s 11d Leather garters, 34 pairs, £1 5s 6d Shoe knife, 1, £0 0s 5d Stone knife, 1, £0 1s 3d Total for cutlery and small wares, £4 10s 3d Deals Double deal, 1, £0 3s 9d Bath deals, 5, £2 8s 9d [...] deals, 5, £1 0s 3d Boards for laths, 17, £1 2s 4d Total for deals, £4 15s 1d Carried forward, £1,590 11s 9d Interpretations Most of the broadcloth went in colours worn as military dress. Scarlet was the colour of officers' coats, and green, French grey and dark brown served for facings, waistcoats and civilian suits. Pompadour was a rich crimson-purple named after Madame de Pompadour. Mazarine was a deep blue, and the single quarter-yard sold was probably for collars or cuffs. Cassimere was a fine, light twilled woollen used for breeches and waistcoats. Camlet was a hard-wearing cloth woven from wool mixed with goat's hair or silk, often used for cloaks. A buckling comb was a long comb used to set the rolled curls, or buckles, at the sides of a wig. The sale of 33 of them in one quarter showed how widely wigs were still worn on the island. Deals were sawn planks of softwood, mostly fir or pine from the Baltic, and a double deal was a plank of twice the usual thickness. Bunting was a thin worsted cloth used for flags, which the island needed for its signal posts. The sale of spelling books, primers and testaments pointed to children being taught to read on the island. The Company supplied these books through its own stores, since there was no bookseller at St Helena.
53	46	17th April Brought Over £ 1590 . 11 . 9 Glass Ware Viz. 53 Squares 6 by 8 .. 16 . 6 81 do. 8 by 10 2 . 7 . 3 2 do. 12 by 20 .. 3 . 10 3 Quart Decanters .. 7 . 9 2 Pint do. .. 3 . 10 8 Water Glasses .. 5 . 6 2 Tumblers .. 1 . 7 4 . 6 . 3 Hosiers Ware Viz. 1 Pr. Black Worsted Breeches .. 12 . 1 3 Pr. do. Silk do. 4 . 8 . 4 1 Pr. Buff Silk Breeches 1 . 9 . 5 16 doz Pr. Ordinary Thread Stockgs. 25 . 18 .. 4 Pr. Madrass do. 1 . 13 . 7 34 . 1 . 5 Hooks and Lines Viz. 25 No. 6 .. 2 . 3 750 .. 7 2 . 6 . 7 225 .. 9 .. 7 . 1 75 .. 10 .. 1 . 5 150 .. 12 .. 2 . 6 1875 .. 14 .. 16 . 1 1225 .. 16 .. 10 . 5 400 .. 17 .. 3 .. 23 Large .. 8 . 2 Hooks 223 No. 2 3 . 9 . 8 114 .. 3 2 . 1 . 2 6 .. 4 .. 2 . 6 6 Hambro .. 3 . 7 10 Log .. 10 . 10 1 Kt. Sash .. 1 . 4 Lines 11 . 11 . 7 Haberdashery 110 Sk. Silk 2 . 5 . 10 44 do. Mohair 1 . 2 .. 16 doz do. Coat Buttons .. 14 . 8 23 do. do. Breast do. .. 9 . 7 Haberdashery Carried Over £ 4 . 12 . 1 Carried Over £ 1640 . 11 ..	The quarter's sales from the Company's warehouses continued from the total of £1,590 11s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,590 11s 9d Glassware Window panes 6 by 8 inches, 53, £0 16s 6d Window panes 8 by 10 inches, 31, £2 7s 3d Window panes 12 by 20 inches, 2, £0 3s 10d Quart decanters, 3, £0 7s 9d Pint decanters, 2, £0 3s 10d Water glasses, 8, £0 5s 6d Tumblers, 2, £0 1s 7d Total for glassware, £4 6s 3d Hosiery Black worsted breeches, 1 pair, £0 12s 1d Black silk breeches, 3 pairs, £4 8s 4d Buff silk breeches, 1 pair, £1 9s 5d Ordinary thread stockings, 16 dozen pairs, £25 18s 0d Madras stockings, 4 pairs, £1 13s 7d Total for hosiery, £34 1s 5d Hooks and lines Fish hooks number 6, 25, £0 2s 3d Fish hooks number 7, 750, £2 6s 7d Fish hooks number 9, 225, £0 7s 1d Fish hooks number 10, 75, £0 1s 5d Fish hooks number 12, 150, £0 2s 6d Fish hooks number 14, 1,875, £0 16s 1d Fish hooks number 16, 1,225, £0 10s 5d Fish hooks number 17, 400, £0 3s 0d Large fish hooks, 23, £0 3s 2d Fishing lines number 2, 223, £3 9s 8d Fishing lines number 3, 114, £2 1s 2d Fishing lines number 4, 6, £0 2s 6d Hamburg lines, 6, £0 3s 7d Log lines, 10, £0 10s 10d Sash line, 1 hank, £0 1s 4d Total for hooks and lines, £11 11s 7d Haberdashery Silk, 110 skeins, £2 5s 10d Mohair thread, 44 skeins, £1 2s 0d Mohair coat buttons, 16 dozen, £0 14s 8d Mohair breast buttons, 23 dozen, £0 9s 7d Haberdashery carried forward, £4 12s 1d Carried forward, £1,640 11s 0d Interpretations The Company sold more than 4,700 fish hooks and over 300 fishing lines in a single quarter, which showed how much the island depended on fish. Fishing from small boats off the coast fed many households and slaves, and helped make up for the island's limited corn. The smaller numbered hooks, sold by the thousand, suited the mackerel and other small fish taken close inshore. Hamburg line was a light, strong line of a type first made at Hamburg. Log line was the knotted line used with a ship's log to measure speed, and boatmen also used it for deep-water fishing. Window glass came in three set sizes, and the panes measuring 8 by 10 inches were the standard size for sash windows. Madras stockings were knitted from Indian cotton thread and were cooler than worsted. Mohair buttons were wooden or horn cores covered with mohair thread, and breast buttons were the smaller size used on waistcoats.
54	47	1775 Brought Over £ 1640 . 11 Haberdashery brought Over £ 4 . 12 . 1 2½ doz Spangled Coat Buttons 1 . 10 . 1 3½ do. Gold Basket do. do. .. 17 . 1 1½ do. do. Breast do. .. 3 . 8 9½ do. Gilt Coat do. .. 14 . 3 ½ Gro. White Waistcoat do. .. 1 . 3 21 do. Horn Moulds .. 11 . 10 19 Ps. Tape .. 11 . 10 1½ Yards Broad Gold Lace .. 6 . 7 1½ Whale Bone .. 11 . 7 1 Pr. Gold Garters .. 7 . 11 10 . 3 . 2 Iron Ware Viz. 3 Splinter Locks .. 1 . 7 3 Pad do. .. 4 . 9 1 Stock do. .. 3 . 5 7 Iron rim'd do. with Brass Knobs 2 . 7 1 Brass Plate do. .. 15 . 11 1 Large Iron rim'd do. .. 7 . 11 5 Garden Hoes .. 9 . 7 3 Pickaxes .. 11 9 Sheets Sand Paper .. .. 9 1 Trunk Plane .. 3 . 3 1 Large Frying Pan .. 5 . 7 Pr. Dovetail Hinges .. 4 . 6 3 Pr. H do. .. 3 . 1 10 Pr. HL do. 1 . 15 . 2 5 Hand Hatchets .. 9 . 4 8 lb Plate Iron .. 3 . 4 1 Small Box Iron .. 7 . 3 1 Small Jack 2 . 14 . 10 9 Scythe Stones .. 2 . 1 4 Spades .. 16 . 6 9 Files .. 4 . 1 1 Pr. Wool Cards .. 2 . 2 2 Spring Rat Traps .. 3 . 4 2 Blank Keys .. 2 . 1 Jack Chain .. 1 . 11 1 lb Tin Tacks .. 1 . 11 2 Small Frying Pans .. 4 . 5 Iron Ware Carried Over £ 13 . 11 . 1 Carried Over £ 1650 . 14 . 2	The quarter's sales from the Company's warehouses continued from the total of £1,640 11s 0d brought forward, with haberdashery resumed from its own subtotal of £4 12s 1d. Brought forward, £1,640 11s 0d Haberdashery brought forward, £4 12s 1d Spangled coat buttons, 2½ dozen, £1 10s 1d Gold basket coat buttons, 3½ dozen, £0 17s 1d Gold basket breast buttons, 1½ dozen, £0 3s 8d Gilt coat buttons, 9½ dozen, £0 14s 3d White waistcoat buttons, ½ gross, £0 1s 3d Horn button moulds, 21 dozen, £0 11s 10d Tape, 19 pieces, £0 11s 10d Broad gold lace, 1½ yards, £0 6s 7d Whalebone, 1½ lb, £0 11s 7d Gold garters, 1 pair, £0 7s 11d Total for haberdashery, £10 3s 9d Ironware [...] locks, 3, £0 1s 7d Padlocks, 3, £0 4s 9d Stock lock, 1, £0 3s 5d Iron-rimmed locks with brass knobs, 7, £2 7s 0d Brass plate lock, 1, £0 15s 11d Large iron-rimmed lock, 1, £0 7s 11d Garden hoes, 5, £0 9s 7d Pickaxes, 3, £0 11s 0d Sandpaper, 9 sheets, £0 0s 9d Jack plane, 1, £0 3s 3d Large frying pan, 1, £0 5s 0d Dovetail hinges, 7 pairs, £0 4s 6d H hinges, 3 pairs, £0 3s 1d HL hinges, 10 pairs, £1 15s 2d Hand hatchets, 5, £0 9s 4d Plate iron, 8 lb, £0 3s 4d Small box iron, 1, £0 7s 3d Small roasting jack, 1, £2 14s 10d Scythe stones, 9, £0 2s 1d Spades, 4, £0 16s 6d Files, 9, £0 4s 1d Wool cards, 1 pair, £0 2s 2d Spring rat traps, 2, £0 3s 4d [...] hasps, 2, £0 2s 0d Jack chain, 1, £0 1s 11d Tin tacks, 1 lb, £0 1s 11d Small frying pans, 2, £0 4s 5d Ironware carried forward, £13 11s 1d Carried forward, £1,650 19s 9d Interpretations The roasting jack was the dearest single item of ironware. It was a clockwork device, wound by hand and driven by a weight, that turned a spit in front of the fire so meat roasted evenly without a servant turning it. A box iron was a hollow smoothing iron with a heated iron slug slipped inside, which kept soot off the linen. A stock lock was a lock set in a wooden case, fitted to outer doors. H and HL hinges took their names from their shape, and the HL type carried the heavier doors of houses and storerooms. The pair of wool cards showed wool being prepared for spinning on the island. Cards were boards set with wire teeth that combed raw wool into loose rolls ready for the spinning wheel. The sale fitted with the rebuilt Company flock, since the island could now turn some of its own fleeces into yarn. Horn button moulds were the bare discs around which thread or cloth was worked to make covered buttons. Whalebone was the flexible baleen plate from a whale's mouth, cut into strips to stiffen stays and bodices.
55	48	17th April Brought Over £ 1650 . 19 . 2 Iron Ware brought Over £ 13 . 11 . 1 1 Jack Weight and Shifter .. 10 . 5 1 Garden rake .. 2 . 7 1 Maul .. 10 . 1 1 Plaistr. Trowel .. 1 . 11 14 . 16 . 1 Iron Pots 1 Weight 13 lb .. 2 . 8 Nails Viz. 29 .. 2 1 . 2 . 11 41 .. 3 1 . 11 . 7 87 .. 4 2 . 16 . 2 54 .. 6 1 . 11 . 6 21 .. 10 .. 10 . 11 8 .. 20 .. 3 . 4 13 .. 30 .. 5 . 2 2 .. 40 .. .. 10 11½ Glazg. Brads .. 10 . 4 8 . 12 . 9 Oil Viz. 73 Gallons Train 16 . 14 . 7 45 do. Linseed 9 . 1 25 . 15 . 7 Pewter 1 Quart Pot .. 3 . 4 Pitch and Tar Viz. 61 lb Pitch .. 8 . 10 10 Rosin .. 2 . 1 .. 10 . 11 Paint Viz. 55½ Indico 5 . 4 . 1 8 Blue Smalts .. 15 . 4 12 Red Lead .. 1 . 4 7 Whiting .. .. 3 7 Barrels Blacking .. 3 . 11 18 Ven. Red mix'd .. 10 . 2 36½ do. dry .. 9 . 1 145 Chalk 1 . 12 . 1 2½ White Copperas .. 3 . 1 8 Yellow Oaker dry .. 4 . 6 6 Log Wood .. 1 . 5 9 Blue Paint 1 .. 3 Paint Carried Over £ 9 . 5 . 6 Carried Over £ 1701 . 0 . 6	The quarter's sales from the Company's warehouses continued from the total of £1,650 19s 2d brought forward, with ironware resumed from its own subtotal of £13 11s 7d. Brought forward, £1,650 19s 2d Ironware brought forward, £13 11s 7d Jack weight and pulley, 1, £0 10s 5d Garden rake, 1, £0 2s 7d Maul, 1, £0 10s 1d Plasterer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 11d Total for ironware, £14 16s 1d Iron pot, 1, weighing 13 lb, £0 2s 8d Nails Two-penny nails, 29 lb, £1 2s 11d Three-penny nails, 41 lb, £1 11s 7d Four-penny nails, 37 lb, £2 16s 2d Six-penny nails, 34 lb, £1 11s 6d Ten-penny nails, 21 lb, £0 10s 11d Twenty-penny nails, 8 lb, £0 3s 4d Thirty-penny nails, 13 lb, £0 5s 2d Forty-penny nails, 2 lb, £0 0s 10d Glazing brads, 11½ lb, £0 10s 4d Total for nails, £8 12s 9d Oil Train oil, 73 gallons, £16 14s 7d Linseed oil, 45 gallons, £9 1s 0d Total for oil, £25 15s 7d Pewter quart pot, 1, £0 3s 4d Pitch and tar Pitch, 6 [...], £0 8s 10d Rosin, 10 lb, £0 2s 1d Total for pitch and tar, £0 10s 11d Paint Indigo, 55½ lb, £5 4s 1d Blue smalt, 8 lb, £0 15s 4d Red lead, 12 lb, £0 1s 4d Whiting, 7 lb, £0 0s 3d Blacking balls, 7, £0 3s 11d Venetian red ground in oil, 18 lb, £0 10s 2d Venetian red dry, 36½ lb, £0 9s 1d Chalk, 145 lb, £0 12s 1d White copperas, 2½ lb, £0 3s 1d Yellow ochre dry, 8 lb, £0 4s 6d Logwood, 6 lb, £0 1s 5d Blue paint, 9 lb, £1 0s 3d Paint carried forward, £9 5s 6d Carried forward, £1,701 0s 6d Interpretations Train oil was oil boiled from whale blubber, and it was the commonest lamp oil of the period. The island bought 73 gallons of it in three months against 45 gallons of linseed oil. That balance suggests that train oil lit most of the houses, while linseed oil went mainly into paint. Several items under paint were dyes and pigments rather than ready-mixed colours. Indigo was a deep blue dye made from a plant grown in India and the West Indies, and it was used to dye cloth and to tint whitewash. Smalt was powdered blue glass coloured with cobalt, used both as a paint and to whiten linen in the wash. Venetian red was a red iron-oxide earth, sold dry as a powder or ground into oil ready for the brush. White copperas was zinc sulphate, added to paint to make it dry faster. Logwood was a dyewood from Central America that gave black, purple and grey dyes. Nails took their sizes from the old price per hundred, so a ten-penny nail had once cost 10d for 100. By this date the name only marked the length. Blacking balls were hard cakes of lampblack mixed with tallow and wax, rubbed onto shoes and leather belts to blacken and polish them. A maul was a heavy wooden or iron hammer used to drive stakes and wedges.
56	49	1775 Brought Over £ 1701 .. 6 Paint brought Over £ 9 . 5 . 6 5½ Verdegrease 1 . 7 . 6 6 White Lead mix'd .. 2 . 7 2 Olive Colour .. 3 . 10 6 Brimstone .. 1 . 2 11 .. 7 Serge Viz. 6½ Yds. Green 1 . 9 . 2 3 do. Blue .. 14 .. 1 Pc. White Fustain 2 . 12 . 1 4 . 15 . 3 Sailors Cloaths Viz. 3 Boys Green Duffle Jackets .. 17 . 8 2 Pr. do. Breeches .. 6 . 10 4 Check'd Shirts .. 12 . 5 1 Mans do. do. .. 3 . 9 2 .. 8 Saddlery Viz. 3 Saddle Cloths .. 12 . 10 1 Crupper .. 1 . 11 1 Pr. Stirrup Leathers .. 2 . 9 .. 17 . 6 Shaloon Viz. 34½ Yards Coloured 3 . 9 . 9 2 Scarlet .. 5 . 3 3 . 15 . Shirts Viz. 232 Soldiers 57 . 15 . 2 2 Yards Brown Holland .. 3 . 13 do. Russia Diaper .. 13 . 4 ½ Pc. Huckaback for Napkins 2 . 14 . 6 61 . 11 . Shoes Viz. 384 Pr. Ordinary 98 . 8 .. 2 Pr. Mens Fine Pumps .. 11 .. 98 . 19 . Thread Viz. 19½ Coloured 3 . 3 . 4 8 White and Brown 2 . 13 . 2 2 oz No. 17 .. 3 . 8 3 .. 18 .. 3 . 9 6 . 3 . 11 Carried Over £ 1890 . 3 . 5	The quarter's sales from the Company's warehouses continued from the total of £1,701 0s 6d brought forward, with paint resumed from its own subtotal of £9 5s 6d. Brought forward, £1,701 0s 6d Paint brought forward, £9 5s 6d Verdigris, 5½ lb, £1 7s 6d White lead ground in oil, 6 lb, £0 2s 7d Olive colour, 2 lb, £0 3s 10d Brimstone, 6 lb, £0 1s 2d Total for paint, £11 0s 7d Serge Green serge, 6½ yards, £1 9s 2d Blue serge, 3 yards, £0 14s 0d White fustian, 1 piece, £2 12s 1d Total for serge, £4 15s 3d Sailors' clothing Boys' green duffel jackets, 3, £0 17s 8d Boys' green duffel breeches, 2 pairs, £0 6s 10d Checked shirts, 4, £0 12s 5d Man's checked shirt, 1, £0 3s 9d Total for sailors' clothing, £2 0s 8d Saddlery Saddle cloths, 3, £0 12s 10d Crupper, 1, £0 1s 11d Stirrup leathers, 1 pair, £0 2s 9d Total for saddlery, £0 17s 6d Shalloon Coloured shalloon, 34½ yards, £3 9s 9d Scarlet shalloon, 2 yards, £0 5s 3d Total for shalloon, £3 15s 0d Shirts Soldiers' shirts, 232, £57 15s 2d Brown holland, 2 yards, £0 3s 0d Russia drab, 13 yards, £0 13s 4d Huckaback for napkins, 1½ pieces, £2 14s 6d Total for shirts, £61 11s 0d Shoes Ordinary shoes, 334 pairs, £93 8s 0d Men's fine pumps, 2 pairs, £0 11s 0d Total for shoes, £93 19s 0d Thread Coloured thread, 19½ lb, £3 3s 4d Whited brown thread, 8 lb, £2 13s 7d Thread number 17, 2 lb, £0 3s 8d Thread number 18, 3 lb, £0 3s 9d Total for thread, £6 3s 11d Carried forward, £1,890 3s 5d Interpretations The 232 soldiers' shirts and 334 pairs of shoes were by far the largest items on the page. Together they came to more than £150 0s 0d, which was more than all the cloth, ironware and haberdashery put together. Soldiers in the garrison did not receive these as free issue. The storekeeper sold them through the regimental accounts, and their cost was taken out of the men's pay as stoppages. The Company recovered its outlay on the clothing, along with the 10 per cent advance, from the wages it already owed the men. Shalloon was a light twilled worsted used to line coats, and the scarlet shalloon matched the red broadcloth sold earlier in the quarter. Fustian was a stout cloth of cotton woven with linen. Duffel was a thick, coarse woollen with a raised nap, made for jackets worn at sea and in wet weather. Huckaback was a linen with a rough, knotted weave that absorbed water well, which made it suitable for towels and napkins. Brown holland was unbleached linen. Verdigris was the green crust that forms on copper, scraped off and sold as a pigment for green paint. Brimstone was sulphur, used to fumigate rooms and ships, to treat the itch and to make matches. A crupper was the leather loop passing under a horse's tail, which stopped the saddle sliding forward on steep ground.
57	50	17th April Brought Over £ 1890 . 8 . 5 Tin Ware Viz. 4 Watering Pots .. 14 . 4 1 Pudding Pan .. 1 . 1 1 Quart Funnel .. .. 5 6 Lamps .. 4 . 9 3 Quart Saucepans .. 1 . 8 1 Cullender .. 1 . 8 1 Dripping Pan .. 2 . 2 1 Lanthorn Leaf .. .. 3 2 Pint Saucepans .. .. 8 1 Single Sheet Tin .. .. 4 1 . 7 . 4 Turners Ware Viz. 8 Plaistr. Brushes .. 15 . 8 11 Paint do. .. 6 . 2 3 Buckles do. .. 1 . 3 1 Mop .. 1 . 6 2 Wood Ladles .. .. 9 1 Table Brush .. 1 . 4 1 Tubmans Yoke .. 1 . 10 1 . 8 . 6 China Ware Viz. 6 Sets Octagon Dishes & Plates 6 . 12 5 Baking Dishes .. 6 4 Guglets and Basons .. 9 7 Chamber Pots .. 15 . 9 3 Sneakers .. 1 . 1 2 Bowls .. 1 . 7 8 Quart Pint Cups & Saucers .. 2 . 7 8 Octagon Meat Plates .. 13 . 4 9 . 6 . 4 Long Cloth Viz. 2 Ps. No. 1 10 . 11 . 3 1 do. 2 4 . 9 . 1 1½ do. 3 5 . 6 . 10 1 do. 4 2 . 13 . 8 1 do. 6 1 . 2 . 9 24 . 3 . 7 Spice Viz. 80 lb Pepper 2 . 5 . ½ Nutmegs .. 6 . 1 2 . 11 . 1 Carried Over £ 1929 . 5 . 3	The quarter's sales from the Company's warehouses continued from the total of £1,890 8s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,890 8s 5d Tinware Watering pots, 4, £0 14s 4d Pudding pan, 1, £0 1s 1d Quart funnel, 1, £0 0s 5d Lamps, 6, £0 4s 9d Quart saucepans, 3, £0 1s 8d Colander, 1, £0 1s 8d Dripping pan, 1, £0 2s 2d Lantern horn pane, 1, £0 0s 3d Pint saucepans, 2, £0 0s 8d Sheet of single tin, 1, £0 0s 4d Total for tinware, £1 7s 4d Turnery Plasterers' brushes, 8, £0 15s 8d Paint brushes, 11, £0 6s 2d Buckle brushes, 3, £0 1s 3d Mop, 1, £0 1s 6d Wooden ladles, 2, £0 0s 9d Table brush, 1, £0 1s 4d Tubman's yoke, 1, £0 1s 10d Total for turnery, £1 8s 6d China Sets of octagonal dishes and plates, 6, £6 12s 0d Baking dishes, 5, £0 6s 0d Guglets and basins, 4 sets, £0 9s 0d Chamber pots, 7, £0 15s 9d Sneakers, 3, £0 1s 1d Bowls, 2, £0 1s 7d Quarter-pint cups and saucers, 3, £0 2s 7d Octagonal meat dishes, 8, £0 13s 4d Total for china, £9 6s 4d Longcloth Longcloth number 1, 4 pieces, £10 11s 3d Longcloth number 2, 1 piece, £4 9s 1d Longcloth number 3, 1½ pieces, £5 6s 10d Longcloth number 4, 1 piece, £2 13s 8d Longcloth number 6, 1 piece, £1 2s 9d Total for longcloth, £24 3s 7d Spice Pepper, 30 lb, £2 5s 0d Nutmegs, ½ lb, £0 6s 1d Total for spice, £2 11s 1d Carried forward, £1,929 5s 3d Interpretations Longcloth was a plain white cotton calico woven on the Coromandel coast and named for the unusual length of each piece. The numbers marked the grade, with number 1 the finest and dearest. The island used it for shirts, sheets and women's clothing, and it was the cotton cloth that the Company shipped to Europe in the greatest quantity. The china came from Canton as Chinese export porcelain, made to European shapes such as octagonal dishes, chamber pots and cups with saucers. It reached the island cheaply because it travelled as ballast under the tea in the holds of the China ships. Porcelain could therefore be sold at St Helena for less than English earthenware cost in London. The breakage recorded on the Ceres on 12 April 1775 showed the risk that came with this trade. A tubman's yoke was a shaped wooden bar worn across the shoulders, with a bucket or tub hung from each end. The tubmen carried water and refuse by hand through Jamestown. A lantern horn pane was a thin sheet of boiled and flattened horn that let light through a lantern while sheltering the flame from wind.
58	51	1775 Sold at 40 pr. Cent Sugar and Candy Viz. 20 Sugar .. 7 . 6 20 Candy .. 10 . 10 .. 18 . 4 Tea Viz. 16 Singlo 1 . 4 . 17 Bohea .. 17 . 4 2 . 1 . 4 Glass Ware 2 Pint Decanters .. 4 . 3 Turners Ware 1 Hair Broom .. 3 . 9 Tin Ware Viz. 2 Horn Lanthorns .. 10 . 8 50 Lanthorn Leaves .. 13 . 6 6 Single Sheets Tin .. 2 . 6 1 . 6 . 8 Iron Ware 1 lb Iron Wire .. 1 Broad Cloth 3½ French Grey 4 . 6 Shaloon ½ Yards Coloured .. 2 . 7 Hosiers Ware 2 Pr. Black Silk Breeches 3 . 14 . 10 £ 12 . 18 . 9 Sold to the Honble. Company's Ships from 1 January to 31 March 1775. Pitch and Tar 7 Barrels Pitch 11 . 9 . 10 Cordage c q lb 8 .. 14 17 . 2 . 9 Flour 6 .. 27 7 . 9 . 3 Pepper .. .. 10 .. 7 . 1 Tea 12 Singlo 1 . 3 .. Beef and Pork Viz. 2 Puncheons Beef 40 . 2 . 6 4 Hhds. 82 . 4 . 8 122 . 7 . 2 Paint Viz. 12 Barrels Blacking .. 9 142 Red Lead 2 . 2 Paint Carried Over £ 2 . 11 . Carried Over £ 163 . 19 . 1	Some goods in the same quarter were sold at a higher mark-up of 40 per cent above cost. Sold at 40 per cent above cost Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 20 lb, £0 7s 6d Sugar candy, 20 lb, £0 10s 10d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £0 18s 4d Tea Singlo tea, 16 lb, £1 4s 0d Bohea tea, 17 lb, £0 17s 4d Total for tea, £2 1s 4d Glassware, pint decanters, 2, £0 4s 3d Turnery, hair broom, 1, £0 3s 9d Tinware Horn lanterns, 2, £0 10s 8d Lantern horn panes, 50, £0 13s 6d Sheets of single tin, 6, £0 2s 6d Total for tinware, £1 6s 8d Ironware, iron wire, 1 lb, £0 1s 0d French grey broadcloth, 3½ yards, £4 6s 0d Coloured shalloon, ½ yard, £0 2s 7d Hosiery, black silk breeches, 2 pairs, £3 14s 10d Total sold at 40 per cent, £12 18s 9d The storekeeper also recorded the stores supplied to the Company's ships between 1 January and 31 March 1775. Sold to the Company's ships, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Pitch, 7 barrels, £11 9s 10d Cordage, 8 cwt 0 qr 14 lb, £14 2s 9d Flour, 6 cwt 0 qr 27 lb, £7 9s 3d Pepper, 10 lb, £0 7s 1d Singlo tea, 12 lb, £1 3s 0d Beef and pork Beef, 2 puncheons, £40 2s 6d Pork, 4 hogsheads, £82 4s 8d Total for beef and pork, £122 7s 2d Paint Blacking balls, 12, £0 0s 9d Red lead, 142 lb, £2 2s 0d Paint carried forward, £2 11s 0d Carried forward, £163 19s 1d Interpretations The account priced the same goods at two different rates. Singlo tea sold at 10 per cent above cost to the island's own people, but at 40 per cent to other buyers. The higher rate applied to those outside the Company's protected circle, such as passengers, ships' officers and private traders in the road. The low rate kept the cost of living down for the garrison and settlers, whose wages the Company paid. The high rate let the Company take a real profit from visitors who could afford it, without the island's own people losing their cheap supply. Sales to the Company's ships ran the other way, with stores leaving the island's warehouses to refit and victual vessels short of supplies. The charges were recorded against each ship's account and recovered from her owners in London, so the island acted as a supply depot for the Company's shipping as well as a garrison.
59	52	17th April Brought Over £ 163 . 19 . 1 Paint brought Over £ 2 . 11 50 Ven. Red dry .. 17 . 4 46 Yellow Oaker dry .. 15 1 Vermillion .. 7 . 10 4 . 11 . 2 Oil Viz. 22 Gallons Linseed 6 . 1 ½ do. Turpentine .. 2 . 3 6 . 3 . 3 Turners Ware 8 Paint Brushes .. 6 . Braziers Ware 1 lb Copper Rivets .. 2 . 4 Lines 8 Log .. 11 . 4 Iron 50 lb .. 11 . 3 Nails Viz. 8 .. 2 14 .. 3 14 .. 4 10 .. 6 10 Scupper 2 . 12 . Anchors 1 Anchor Stock 6 . 5 . 4 £ 185 . 11 . 9 Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 January to the 31 March 1775. Arrack 44 Gallns. Doct. Shop & Men Employed Stores & Sundrys 9 . 3 . 4 Tea 6 lb Bohea Groom & Gardener .. 4 . 2 Sugar and Candy 50 lb Candy do. and do. .. 19 . 10 Sope 100 lb Linen 2 . 11 . 9 Starch 10 lb Linen .. 9 . Deals ½ Pr. Elm Plank Slaughter House 1 . 9 . 3 Lead Viz. 8 lb Shot Castle .. 1 . 6 15 lb Sheet Govr. and Lt. Govr. Fishermen .. 2 . 10 .. 4 . 4 Carried Over £ 15 . 1 . 8	The stores supplied to the Company's ships continued from the total of £163 19s 1d brought forward, with paint resumed from its own subtotal of £2 11s 0d. Brought forward, £163 19s 1d Paint brought forward, £2 11s 0d Venetian red dry, 50 lb, £0 17s 4d Yellow ochre dry, 46 lb, £0 15s 0d Vermilion, 1 lb, £0 7s 10d Total for paint, £4 11s 2d Oil Linseed oil, 22 gallons, £6 1s 0d Turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 2s 3d Total for oil, £6 3s 3d Turnery, paint brushes, 3, £0 6s 0d Brass and copper ware, copper rivets, 1 lb, £0 2s 4d Log lines, 3, £0 11s 4d Iron, 50 lb, £0 11s 3d Nails Two-penny nails, 8 lb Three-penny nails, 14 lb Four-penny nails, 14 lb Six-penny nails, 10 lb Scupper nails, 10 lb Total for nails, £2 12s 0d Anchor stock, 1, £6 5s 4d Total sold to the Company's ships, £185 11s 9d The storekeeper then charged the following stores, issued for the Company's own use between 1 January and 31 March 1775, to the general charges account. General charges, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Arrack for boatmen and men employed landing stores, 44 gallons, £9 3s 4d Bohea tea given to the gardener, 6 lb, £0 4s 2d Sugar and sugar candy, 50 lb, £0 19s 10d Soap for washing linen, 10 lb, £2 11s 9d Starch for linen, £0 9s 0d Elm plank for the slaughterhouse, ½ piece, £1 9s 3d Lead Sheet lead for the Castle, 8 lb, £0 1s 6d Sheet lead given to fishermen, 15 lb, £0 2s 10d Total for lead, £0 4s 4d Carried forward, £13 1s 8d Interpretations The general charges account recorded stores the Company used up itself, as opposed to goods it sold. Every issue from the warehouses had to be paid for by a buyer or charged to an account. This meant the storekeeper could answer for his stock in full at each quarter's end. Arrack was the largest charge, because the Company gave its boatmen and labourers a daily allowance of spirits for heavy work such as landing stores from ships in the road. The sheet lead given to the fishermen showed the Company backing island fishing directly. The lead was cut into sinkers for lines, and handing it out free cost the Company little while adding to the island's food supply. This fitted with the thousands of fish hooks sold earlier in the quarter. Scupper nails were short nails with broad, flat heads, used to fasten leather or canvas over the drain holes in a ship's side. An anchor stock was the heavy wooden crossbar fitted at the top of an anchor's shank. Its purpose was to turn the anchor so that one fluke dug into the seabed.
60	53	1775 Brought Over £ 15 . 1 . 8 Coals 100 Bushels Smiths Shop 5 . 16 . 8 Oil 13 Gallons Train Castle & Council 2 . 14 . 2 Candles Viz. 189 Castle 210 Council 30 Chaplain 25 Doctors Shop c q lb 4 .. 6 68 . 2 Chelloes 1 Piece Castle .. 11 . 2 Hooks and Lines Viz. 150 No. 10 .. 2 . 6 50 .. 16 .. .. 5 100 .. 17 .. .. 8 Hooks 42 .. 2 .. 11 . 8 12 .. 3 .. 3 . 11 1 Hambro .. 1 . 4 Lines Govr. & Lt. Govr. Fishermen 1 .. 6 Haberdashery 7 Sk. Silk do. .. 2 . 4 Thread Viz. ½ Coloured .. .. 9 ½ lb Brown Castle and do. .. 3 . 4 .. 4 . 1 Paint Viz. 6 Indico .. 10 . 2 4 Blue Smalts Linen .. 6 . 11 12 Chalk Coopers Shop .. .. 6 .. 17 . 7 Nails Viz. 1 .. 10 .. .. 6 3 .. 20 .. 1 . 2 2 .. 30 .. .. 9 Sessions .. 2 . 5 Iron Ware Viz. 1 Coopers Axe Coopers Shop .. 3 . 11 2 Ash Helves .. 1 . 2 2 Hand Hatchets Carptr. do. .. 3 . 5 1 Dragons Blood .. .. 11 3 Corn Emery .. 1 . 2 48 Files 1 .. 36 do. Hafts .. 3 . 3 Smiths Shop Iron Ware Carried Over £ 1 . 13 . 8 Carried Over £ 94 . 12 . 7	The general charges continued from the total of £15 1s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £15 1s 8d Coal for the smith's shop, 100 bushels, £5 16s 8d Train oil for the Castle and the Council, 13 gallons, £2 14s 2d Candles Candles for the Castle, 189 lb Candles for the Council, 210 lb Candles for the chaplain, 30 lb Candles for the doctor's shop, 25 lb Total candles, 4 cwt 0 qr 6 lb, £68 2s 0d Chelloes for the Castle, 1 piece, £0 11s 2d Hooks and lines given to the fishermen Fish hooks number 10, 150, £0 2s 6d Fish hooks number 16, 50, £0 0s 5d Fish hooks number 17, 100, £0 0s 8d Fishing lines number 2, 42, £0 11s 8d Fishing lines number 3, 12, £0 3s 11d Hamburg line, 1, £0 1s 4d Total for hooks and lines, £1 0s 6d Haberdashery, silk for the Castle and the Council, 7 skeins, £0 2s 4d Thread for the Castle and the Council Coloured thread, ½ lb, £0 0s 9d Brown thread, ½ lb, £0 3s 4d Total for thread, £0 4s 1d Paint Indigo for linen, 6 lb, £0 10s 2d Blue smalt for linen, 4 lb, £0 6s 11d Chalk for the cooper's shop, 12 lb, £0 0s 6d Total for paint, £0 17s 7d Nails for [...] Ten-penny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 6d Twenty-penny nails, 3 lb, £0 1s 2d Thirty-penny nails, 2 lb, £0 0s 9d Total for nails, £0 2s 5d Ironware Cooper's axe for the cooper's shop, 1, £0 3s 11d Ash helves for the cooper's shop, 2, £0 1s 2d Hand hatchets for the carpenter's shop, 2, £0 3s 5d Dragon's blood for the smith's shop, 1 lb, £0 0s 11d Corn emery for the smith's shop, 3 lb, £0 1s 2d Files for the smith's shop, 48, £1 0s 0d File handles for the smith's shop, 36, £0 3s 3d Ironware carried forward, £1 13s 8d Carried forward, £94 12s 7d Interpretations Candles were the largest single charge, at £68 2s 0d for the quarter. Almost all of the 454 lb went to the Castle and the Council. Free light for the Governor's household and the councillors' quarters was an allowance that came with office. Charging it to general expenses kept the allowance visible in the books, so the Court of Directors could see in London what the island's officials were costing in kind as well as in salary. Indigo and smalt were issued for linen, not for paint. A little of either blue in the rinse water hid the yellow tinge of washed cloth and made it look whiter. The soap and starch charged earlier in the quarter went to the same work in the Castle laundry. Dragon's blood was a dark red resin from the fruit of an East Indian rattan palm. Smiths and metalworkers mixed it into varnish to give brass and iron a warm lacquered finish. Corn emery was coarse-grained emery powder, used for grinding and polishing metal before the finer grades took over.
61	54	17th April Brought Over £ 94 . 12 . 7 Iron Ware brought Over £ 1 . 13 . 8 6 lb Rod Iron Smiths Shop .. 13 . 4 1 Pad Lock .. 1 . 6 2 Hand Saws Carptr. Shop .. 16 . 2 2 Spring Rat Traps Lt. Govr. House .. 3 .. 6 Rubber Files Smiths Shop 1 . 13 . 2 5 .. 9 Braziers Ware 1 Five Qt. Tea Kettle Castle .. 16 . 11 Iron & Steel 16 Steel Smiths Shop .. 5 . 8 Turners Ware Viz. 2 Mops Lieu. Govr. .. 2 . 8 2 Hair Brooms Castle .. 5 . 6 .. 8 . 2 Canvas Viz. 1½ Yards English .. 1 . 6 2 Oznabrigs .. 1 . 9 Buckets .. 3 . 3 China Ware Viz. 36 Octagon Meat Plates .. 18 .. 4 Baking Dishes .. 4 . 4 Castle 1 . 2 . 4 £ 102 . 9 . 8 Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 January to the 31 March 1775. Nails Viz. 42 lb 2 1 . 9 . 9 4 .. 4 .. 2 . 4 10 .. 6 .. 5 . 3 1 Glazg. Brads .. .. 11 Castle & Lt. Govr. House 1 . 18 . 3 Paint Viz. 22 Chalk .. .. 11 1 Vermillion do. .. 5 . 7 2 Verdegrease Barracks .. 9 . 1 .. 15 . 7 Oil Viz. 4 Gallns. Linseed .. 15 . 3 ½ do. Turpentine .. .. 10 Castle .. 16 . 1 Carried Over £ 3 . 9 . 11	The general charges continued from the total of £94 12s 7d brought forward, with ironware resumed from its own subtotal of £1 13s 8d. Brought forward, £94 12s 7d Ironware brought forward, £1 13s 8d Rod iron for the smith's shop, 64 lb, £0 13s 4d Padlock for the carpenter's shop, 1, £0 1s 6d Hand saws for the carpenter's shop, 2, £0 16s 2d Spring rat traps for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 2, £0 3s 0d Rubber files for the smith's shop, 6, £1 13s 2d Total for ironware, £5 0s 9d Brass and copper ware, five-quart tea kettle for the Castle, 1, £0 16s 11d Steel for the smith's shop, 16 lb, £0 5s 8d Turnery Mops for the Lieutenant Governor, 2, £0 2s 8d Hair brooms for the Castle, 2, £0 5s 6d Total for turnery, £0 8s 2d Canvas for pockets English canvas, 1½ yards, £0 1s 6d Osnaburg, 2 yards, £0 1s 9d Total for canvas, £0 3s 3d China for the Castle Octagonal meat plates, 36, £0 18s 0d Baking dishes, 4, £0 4s 4d Total for china, £1 2s 4d Total general charges, £102 9s 8d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 January and 31 March 1775, to the repairs account. Repairs, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Nails for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house Three-penny nails, 42 lb, £1 9s 9d Four-penny nails, 4 lb, £0 2s 4d Six-penny nails, 10 lb, £0 5s 3d Glazing brads, 1 lb, £0 0s 11d Total for nails, £1 18s 3d Paint Chalk for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 22 lb, £0 0s 11d Vermilion for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 1 lb, £0 5s 7d Verdigris for the barracks, 2 lb, £0 9s 1d Total for paint, £0 15s 7d Oil for the Castle Linseed oil, 4 gallons, £0 15s 3d Turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 0s 10d Total for oil, £0 16s 1d Carried forward, £3 9s 11d Interpretations The storekeeper kept repairs as an account of its own, apart from general charges. Stores used up in daily running, such as candles, lamp oil and china for the Castle, went to general charges. Materials worked into the fabric of buildings, such as nails, paint and oil, went to repairs. The split let the Court of Directors tell routine consumption apart from spending on property, and it made a sudden rise in either easier to question. Rubber files were large, coarse files used by smiths for the first rough shaping of iron, before finer files finished the work. Osnaburg was a coarse, unbleached linen named after Osnabrück in Germany, and it was used for sacking, bags and the clothing of slaves.
62	55	1775 Brought Over £ 3 . 9 . 11 Deals Viz. 24 Bundles Fir Laths Castle 1 . 8 . 6 1 Bundle Oak do. Lt. Govr. House .. 2 . 2 1 . 10 . 8 Turners Ware Viz. 3 Paint Brushes .. 1 . 6 2 Plaistr. do. Castle .. 3 . 7 .. 5 . 1 Iron Ware Viz. 3 Blank Keys Store use .. 2 . 9 2 Iron rim'd Locks w. Pullbacks .. 8 . 5 1 Pad Lock .. 1 . 6 1 Pr. Dovetail Hinges .. .. 7 1 Splinter Lock .. .. 6 2 Pr. HL Hinges .. 6 . 5 Company's Houses 1 .. 2 Glass Ware 4 Sqr. 10 by 12 Lt. Govr. House .. 3 . 6 £ 6 . 9 . 4 Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 January to the 31 March 1775. Flour c q lb 14 . 1 . 21 15 . 3 . 2 Rice 2 . 1 . 2 1 .. 7 Beef and Pork Viz. 42 Ps. Beef 7 . 15 . 9 42 Ps. Pork 8 .. 2 15 . 15 . 11 Arrack 76 Gallons 15 . 16 . 8 Sugar and Candy Viz. c q lb 2 . 2 . 20 Sugar 3 . 18 . 9 2 . 2 . 3 Candy 5 . 7 . 11 9 . 6 . 8 Coffee 35 lb 1 . 9 . 2 Salt ½ Bushel .. 1 . 8 Spice Viz. 10 lb Pepper .. 5 ½ Cinnamon .. 4 . 6 .. 9 . 6 Carried Over £ 59 . 3 . 4	The repairs account continued from the total of £3 9s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £3 9s 11d Deals Fir laths for the Castle, 24 bundles, £1 8s 6d Oak laths for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 1 bundle, £0 2s 2d Total for deals, £1 10s 8d Turnery for the Castle Paint brushes, 3, £0 1s 6d Plasterers' brushes, 2, £0 3s 7d Total for turnery, £0 5s 1d Ironware Blank keys for the storehouse, 3, £0 2s 9d Iron-rimmed locks for the barracks, 2, £0 8s 5d Padlock for the Company's houses, 1, £0 1s 6d Dovetail hinges for the Company's houses, 1 pair, £0 0s 7d [...] lock for the Company's houses, 1, £0 0s 6d H hinges for the Company's houses, 2 pairs, £0 6s 5d Total for ironware, £1 0s 9d Glassware, window panes 10 by 12 inches for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 4, £0 3s 6d Total repairs, £6 9s 4d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 January and 31 March 1775, to the diet expenses account. Diet expenses, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Flour, 14 cwt 1 qr 21 lb, £15 3s 2d Rice, 2 cwt 1 qr 2 lb, £1 0s 7d Beef and pork Beef, 42 pieces, £7 15s 9d Pork, 42 pieces, £8 0s 2d Total for beef and pork, £15 15s 11d Arrack, 76 gallons, £15 16s 8d Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 2 cwt 2 qr 20 lb, £3 13s 9d Sugar candy, 2 cwt 2 qr 3 lb, £5 7s 11d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £9 1s 8d Coffee, 35 lb, £1 9s 2d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 8d Spice Pepper, 10 lb, £0 5s 0d Cinnamon, ½ lb, £0 4s 6d Total for spice, £0 9s 6d Carried forward, £59 3s 4d Interpretations Diet expenses covered the Company's public table at the Castle, where the Governor dined with the councillors and senior servants at the Company's cost. Free board was part of what the Company paid its officials, alongside their salaries and the candles and oil charged to general expenses. The 76 gallons of arrack and more than 5 cwt of sugar and candy in a single quarter showed the scale of hospitality expected at the Castle. The table also had to entertain the commanders and passengers of every ship that called. Laths were thin strips of split wood nailed across the timbers of walls and ceilings to hold plaster. The fir laths for the Castle and the plasterers' brushes issued at the same time pointed to new plastering inside the building that quarter. Blank keys were uncut keys that the smith filed to fit an existing lock, which saved replacing the whole lock when a key was lost.
63	56	17th April Brought Over £ 59 . 3 . 4 Tea Viz. 4 Cannisters Hyson 1 . 14 8 do. Souchong 3 . 1 . 6 9 lb Singlo .. 9 . 9 1 lb Bohea .. .. 9 5 . 6 . £ 64 . 9 . 4 Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 January to the 31 March 1775. Tea 116 lb Bohea Barracks & Guards 3 . 18 . 4 Oil 125 Gallons Train do. & do. 26 .. 10 Candles 55 Officers on Duty 8 . 5 . Flour 15 lb .. 2 . 10 Arrack 17 Gallns. Mustg. Drums 3 . 10 . 10 Beef and Pork Viz. 100 lb Beef 18 . 10 . 10 633 do. Pork (Deficiency in Weight) 106 .. 2 124 . 11 Glass Ware 1 Hour Glass Lemon Valley Guard .. .. 8 Canvas 6½ English Cots .. 5 . 8 Iron Ware 1 Blank Key Officers Barracks .. .. 11 Soldiers Cloaths Viz. 1 Matrosses Coat & Breeches Artillery 2 . 2 . 4 2 Soldiers Coats & do. Recruits 2 . 13 . 8 5 . 1 . Shirts 2 Soldiers Recruits .. 8 . 11 Shoes 2 Pr. Ordinary do. .. 9 . 4 Hosiery 2 Pr. do. Thread Stockg. do. .. 5 . 7 Deals ½ Balk Cots .. 4 . 5 Nails 1 lb 2 .. .. 9 Haberdashery Viz. 1 Gro. Broad Worsted Lace .. 17 1 do. Narrow do. .. 12 . 1 . 9 Twine ½ lb Cotton Wick Main Guard .. 8 Lines 2 lb Whip Cord .. 7 .. £ 173 . 2 . 9	The diet expenses continued from the total of £59 3s 4d brought forward. Brought forward, £59 3s 4d Tea Hyson tea, 4 canisters, £1 14s 0d Souchong tea, 8 canisters, £3 1s 6d Singlo tea, 9 lb, £0 9s 9d Bohea tea, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d Total for tea, £5 6s 0d Total diet expenses, £64 9s 4d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 January and 31 March 1775, to the garrison account. Garrison, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Bohea tea for the barracks and guards, 10[...] lb, £3 18s 4d Train oil for the barracks and guards, 195 gallons, £26 0s 10d Candles for officers on duty, 55 lb, £8 5s 0d Flour, 15 lb, £0 2s 10d Arrack for drams at muster, 17 gallons, £3 10s 10d Beef and pork Beef, 100 pieces, £18 10s 10d Pork, 633 pieces, to make up short weight, £106 0s 2d Total for beef and pork, £124 11s 0d Glassware, hourglass for the Lemon Valley guard, 1, £0 0s 8d English canvas for cots, 6½ yards, £0 5s 3d Ironware, blank key for the officers' barracks, 1, £0 0s 11d Soldiers' clothing Matross's coat and breeches for the artillery, 1 set, £2 2s 4d Soldiers' coats and breeches for recruits, 2 sets, £2 13s 8d Total for soldiers' clothing, £5 1s 0d Soldiers' shirts for recruits, 2, £0 3s 11d Ordinary shoes for recruits, 2 pairs, £0 9s 4d Thread stockings for recruits, 2 pairs, £0 5s 7d Bath deals for cots, ½, £0 4s 5d Two-penny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d Haberdashery Broad worsted lace, 1 piece, £0 17s 0d Narrow worsted lace, 1 piece, £0 12s 0d Total for haberdashery, £1 9s 0d Cotton wick for the main guard, ½ lb, £0 0s 8d Whipcord, 2 lb, £0 7s 0d Garrison carried forward, £173 2s 9d Interpretations The 633 pieces of pork were issued to make up short weight in the soldiers' rations. Salt meat lost weight in the cask through drying and leaking brine, so a piece issued at its nominal weight gave the soldier less meat than he was owed. The Company bore the shortfall itself by issuing extra pieces and charging them to the garrison. It did not cut the ration, a choice that kept the soldiers' food at its full allowance and avoided the discontent that short rations caused in a small, isolated garrison. The muster drams were a tot of arrack served to the soldiers when they paraded for muster. The issue rewarded the men for turning out and made a parade that was dull but necessary more welcome. The hourglass for the Lemon Valley guard timed the sentries' watches at an outpost with no clock. A matross was a private soldier of the artillery, who helped the gunners load, fire and move the guns. Cots were hanging canvas beds slung between posts, and the canvas and deals went to make them for the barracks. Worsted lace was the braid sewn onto soldiers' coats to mark rank and regiment.
64	57	1775 Blacks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 January to the 31 March 1775. Rice c q lb 3 .. 24 1 . 9 . 5 Beef and Pork Viz. 1414 lb Beef 262 . 3 . 7 889 do. Pork 138 . 18 . 2 401 . 1 . 9 Arrack 143 Gallons 29 . 15 . 10 Oil 7½ Gallons Train 1 . 10 . 3 Flour Viz. 5 . 1 . 6 Flour 5 . 11 . 5 33 . 3 . 24 Bran 31 . 14 . 37 . 5 . 5 Sugar c q lb .. 1 . 19 .. 12 . 9 Tea 13 Bohea .. 8 . 11 Salt ½ Bushel .. 1 . 8 Sope 10 lb .. 5 . 3 Wheat c q lb 6 . 2 . 14 4 . 8 . 11 Iron Pots 3 Wt. 102 .. 19 . 2 Shoes 6 Pr. Ordinary 1 . 7 . 11 Camblet 9 Yards Green 1 . 7 . 7 Haberdashery Viz. 3 Sk. Mohair .. 1 . 3 4½ doz. Mohair Breast Buttons .. 1 . 8 .. 2 . 11 Shaloon 1 Yard Scarlet .. 2 . 5 Chelloe 1 Piece .. 11 . 2 Nails 6 .. 6 .. 3 . 2 6 .. 40 .. 2 . 2 .. 5 . 4 China Ware 3 Sneakers .. 2 . 8 Long Cloth 1 Pc. Baftas .. 13 . 6 £ 482 . 12 . 10 Mallays Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 January to the 31 March 1775. Rice c q lb 2 . 3 . 4 1 . 5 . 5 Beef 13 Pieces 2 . 8 . 3 Carried Over £ 3 . 13 . 8	The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 January and 31 March 1775, to the account for the Company's slaves. Company's slaves, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Rice, 3 cwt 0 qr 24 lb, £1 9s 5d Beef and pork Beef, 1,414 pieces, £262 3s 7d Pork, 389 pieces, £138 18s 2d Total for beef and pork, £401 1s 9d Arrack, 143 gallons, £29 15s 10d Train oil, 7½ gallons, £1 10s 3d Flour Flour, 5 cwt 1 qr 6 lb, £5 11s 5d Bran, 33 cwt 3 qr 24 lb, £31 14s 0d Total for flour, £37 5s 5d Sugar, 0 cwt 1 qr 19 lb, £0 12s 9d Bohea tea, 13 lb, £0 8s 11d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 8d Soap, 10 lb, £0 5s 3d Wheat, 6 cwt 1 qr 14 lb, £4 8s 11d Iron pots, 3, weighing 102 lb, £0 19s 2d Ordinary shoes, 6 pairs, £1 7s 11d Green camlet, 9 yards, £1 7s 7d Haberdashery Mohair thread, 3 skeins, £0 1s 3d Mohair breast buttons, 4½ dozen, £0 1s 8d Total for haberdashery, £0 2s 11d Scarlet shalloon, 1 yard, £0 2s 5d Chelloes, 1 piece, £0 11s 2d Nails Six-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 2d Forty-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 2d Total for nails, £0 5s 4d China, sneakers, 3, £0 2s 3d Longcloth, baftas, 1 piece, £0 13s 6d Total for the Company's slaves, £433 12s 10d A separate account recorded the stores issued to the Malays between 1 January and 31 March 1775. Malays, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Rice, 2 cwt 3 qr 4 lb, £1 5s 5d Beef, 13 pieces, £2 8s 3d Carried forward, £3 13s 8d Interpretations The Company's slaves cost £433 12s 10d in stores in one quarter, far more than the diet expenses of the Castle or most of the garrison charges. Nearly all of it went on salt meat, with 1,414 pieces of beef and 389 pieces of pork. In this quarter the slaves received mostly beef, while the soldiers drew mostly pork. The Company's slaves did the heavy labour of the island, working on the plantations, the roads, the fortifications and the boats. The Company fed them from its own stores because it could not let the people it relied on for that work go hungry. The 143 gallons of arrack were a regular allowance given with the heavy work, as with the boatmen. The bran was a large and cheap issue. It was the husk sifted out of flour, and mixed with a little flour it made a coarse bread that stretched the island's limited grain. The camlet, scarlet shalloon and mohair buttons suggest that a few of the slaves, perhaps foremen or house servants at the Castle, were given better clothing than the rest. Baftas were plain cotton cloths woven in Gujarat and Bengal, cheaper than longcloth and much used for everyday clothing. The Malays had an account of their own, separate from the other slaves. They were probably slaves brought from the Company's settlement at Fort Marlborough on Sumatra. Their small rations of rice and beef suggest that only a few of them were on the Company's books.
65	58	17th April Brought Over £ 3 . 13 . 8 Sugar and Candy Viz. c q lb .. 1 . 24 Sugar .. 14 . 1 .. .. 15 Candy .. 6 .. 1 . 1 Flour 30 lb .. 5 . 8 Sope 6 lb .. 3 . 2 Pepper 2 lb .. 1 Coffee 4 lb .. 3 . 4 Salt ½ Bushel .. 1 . 8 Tea 4 lb Bohea .. 2 . 9 Candles 30 lb 4 . 10 Arrack 10 Gallons 2 . 1 . 8 Hooks and Lines Viz. 100 No. 6 Hooks .. 8 . 1 6 .. 2 Lines .. 1 . 8 .. 9 . 9 Haberdashery 2 Sk. Silk .. .. 8 Paint 1 lb Indico .. 1 . 9 £ 12 . 15 . 2 Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 January to the 31 March 1775. Rice and Paddy Viz. c q lb 5 . 2 . 16 Rice 2 . 11 . 2 40 . 2 .. Paddy 7 . 18 . 8 Poultry, Horses, Overseers and Steward 10 . 9 . 10 Beef 13 Pieces Steward 2 . 3 . 3 Wheat c q lb 1 .. .. Poultry .. 13 . 5 Iron 120 lb Pasture Gates .. 19 . 2 Iron Ware Viz. 2 Stock Locks .. 6 . 3 6 Sheets Sand paper Stables .. .. 5 8 Pickaxes 1 . 6 . 3 6 Spring Rat Traps .. 9 3 Scythe Stones .. .. 8 3 Bag do. .. 1 . 1 1 Bricklayers Trowel .. 1 . 4 2 Garden Rakes .. 4 . 8 2 . 18 . 1 Carried Over £ 17 .. 9	The account for the Malays continued from the total of £3 13s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £3 13s 8d Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 0 cwt 1 qr 24 lb, £0 14s 1d Sugar candy, 0 cwt 0 qr 15 lb, £0 6s 0d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £1 0s 1d Flour, 30 lb, £0 5s 8d Soap, 6 lb, £0 3s 2d Pepper, 2 lb, £0 1s 0d Coffee, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 8d Bohea tea, 4 lb, £0 2s 9d Candles, 30 lb, £4 10s 0d Arrack, 10 gallons, £2 1s 8d Hooks and lines Fish hooks number 6, 100, £0 8s 1d Fishing lines number 2, 6, £0 1s 8d Total for hooks and lines, £0 9s 9d Haberdashery, silk, 2 skeins, £0 0s 8d Paint, indigo, 1 lb, £0 1s 9d Total for the Malays, £12 15s 2d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 January and 31 March 1775, to the plantation account. Plantation, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Rice and paddy Rice for the poultry and [...], 5 cwt 2 qr 14 lb, £2 11s 2d Paddy for the poultry and the steward, 40 cwt 2 qr 0 lb, £7 18s 3d Total for rice and paddy, £10 9s 10d Beef for the steward, 13 pieces, £2 3s 3d Wheat for the poultry, 0 cwt 1 qr 0 lb, £0 13s 5d Iron for the pasture gates, 120 lb, £0 19s 2d Ironware Stock locks, 2, £0 6s 3d Sandpaper for the stables, 6 sheets, £0 0s 5d Pickaxes, 8, £1 6s 3d Spring rat traps, 6, £0 9s 0d Scythe stones, 3, £0 0s 8d Rag stones, 3, £0 1s 1d Bricklayer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 4d Garden rakes, 2, £0 4s 8d Total for ironware, £2 18s 1d Carried forward, £17 0s 9d Interpretations The Malays drew candles, tea, coffee, sugar candy and silk, none of which appeared in the account for the other slaves. Those goods suggest that the Malays had a better standing than the rest. They were perhaps skilled men or free labourers from Fort Marlborough serving under contract, as opposed to field slaves. The fish hooks and lines issued to them pointed to a group that fished for its own food. The plantation account covered the Company's own farms, which kept poultry, horses and stock for the Castle table and for supplying ships. Its stores were charged apart from the garrison and the slaves, so the Company could weigh what its farming cost against what the farms produced. The iron for pasture gates fitted with the rebuilding of the Company flock, since enclosed pasture kept the sheep from straying onto open ground. Rag stones were coarse sandstone whetstones used to put a rough edge on tools before a finer stone finished them. Paddy was the cheapest grain the Company held. Feeding it to poultry used up husked rice that would not keep long, and saved the dearer flour and wheat for people.
66	59	1775 Brought Over £ 17 .. 9 Oil 1 Gallon Train .. 4 . 2 Cart Wheels 1 Pair 3 . 8 . 11 Cutlery Ware 9 Shoe Knives .. 3 . 5 Lines 6 No. 4 .. 2 . 3 Arrack 15 Gallons 3 . 2 . 6 Nails Viz. 1 lb 3 .. .. 9 1 .. 6 .. .. 7 .. 1 . 4 £ 24 . 3 . 4 Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 January to the 31 March 1775. Sugar c q lb 3 . 1 . 25 5 . 1 . 10 Flour 3 . 1 . 11 3 . 12 . 4 Rice 3 . 1 . 11 1 . 11 . 2 Tea 36 Bohea 1 . 4 . 9 Oil 14 Gallns. Train 2 . 18 . 4 Salt 3 Bushels .. 10 .. Sago 24 lb .. 9 . £ 15 . 5 . 5 Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 January to 31 March 1775. Arrack 7½ Gallons 1 . 11 . 3 Cordage c q lb 5 . 2 . 17 9 . 15 . 2 Leather 15 lb Sole .. 12 . 3 Iron 104 lb .. 16 . 6 Deals Viz. 7 Wainscot Boards 2 . 2 1 Single Deal .. 2 2 Cuffees .. 7 . 5 2 . 11 . 5 Pitch and Tar 2 Barrels Pitch 2 . 7 . 8 Carried Over £ 17 . 14 . 3	The plantation account continued from the total of £17 0s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £17 0s 9d Train oil, 1 gallon, £0 4s 2d Cart wheels, 1 pair, £3 8s 11d Cutlery, shoe knives, 9, £0 3s 5d Fishing lines number 4, 6, £0 2s 3d Arrack, 15 gallons, £3 2s 6d Nails Three-penny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d Six-penny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 7d Total for nails, £0 1s 4d Total for the plantation, £24 3s 4d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 January and 31 March 1775, to the hospital account. Hospital, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Sugar, 3 cwt 1 qr 25 lb, £5 1s 10d Flour, 3 cwt 1 qr 11 lb, £3 12s 4d Rice, 3 cwt 1 qr 11 lb, £1 11s 2d Bohea tea, 36 lb, £1 4s 9d Train oil, 14 gallons, £2 18s 4d Salt, 3 bushels, £0 10s 0d Sago, 24 lb, £0 9s 0d Total for the hospital, £15 5s 5d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 January and 31 March 1775, to the boats account. Boats, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Arrack, 7½ gallons, £1 11s 3d Cordage, 5 cwt 2 qr 17 lb, £9 15s 2d Sole leather, 15 lb, £0 12s 3d Iron, 104 lb, £0 16s 6d Deals Wainscot boards, 7, £2 2s 0d Single deal, 1, £0 2s 0d [...] deals, 2, £0 7s 5d Total for deals, £2 11s 5d Pitch, 2 barrels, £2 7s 8d Carried forward, £17 14s 3d Interpretations The hospital drew no salt meat and no arrack, only sugar, flour, rice, tea and sago. The surgeon kept his patients on a light diet of rice and sago puddings, gruel and sweetened tea. The heavy salt rations of the barracks were thought to harm the sick, and scurvy cases landed from ships in particular needed fresh, soft food. The 14 gallons of train oil kept the wards lit through the night. The boats account served the Company's boats in the road, which landed stores and passengers and carried water out to ships at anchor. Sole leather went to line the rowlocks and wrap the oars where they rubbed, and to make the washers for the boats' pumps. Wainscot boards were planks of fine-grained Baltic oak, prized for boat repairs because they did not split or warp easily.
67	60	17th April Brought Over £ 17 . 14 . 3 Nails Viz. 6 lb 2 .. 4 . 3 2 .. 3 .. 1 . 5 11 .. 4 .. 6 . 5 8 .. 6 .. 4 . 2 14 .. 10 .. 6 . 5 6 .. 20 .. 2 . 3 3 Dog .. 2 .. 1 . 6 . 11 Oil Viz. 6½ Gallons Train 1 . 7 . 1 ½ do. Linseed .. 1 . 11 1 . 9 .. Paint Viz. 10 lb Brimstone .. 1 . 8 1 Barrl. Blacking .. .. 6 6 Chalk .. .. 3 .. 2 . 5 Turners Ware 2 Paint Brushes .. 1 .. Lines 2 Deep Sea .. 10 .. Braziers Ware 1 Bottling Cock .. 4 . 10 Masts 1 Spar 1 . 18 . Tin Ware Viz. 1 Single Sheet Tin .. .. 4 1 Double do. .. .. 8 .. 1 .. £ 23 . 7 . 5 Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 January to the 31 March 1775. Iron and Steel Viz. c q lb 5 . 1 . 23 Iron Ruperts Range & New .. 2 . 8 Steel Store Room do. and do. 4 . 17 . 3 1 . 2 . 8 5 . 19 . 11 Cordage .. 1 . 26 Cables .. 16 . 8 Candles 2 lb Mendg. Lime Bags .. 6 .. Cart Wheels 6 Wheel Barrows Rupts. Range 4 . 12 . 6 Carried Over £ 11 . 15 . 1	The boats account continued from the total of £17 14s 3d brought forward. Brought forward, £17 14s 3d Nails Two-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 4s 3d Three-penny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 5d Four-penny nails, 11 lb, £0 6s 5d Six-penny nails, 8 lb, £0 4s 2d Ten-penny nails, 14 lb, £0 6s 5d Twenty-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 3d Rag nails, 3 lb, £0 2s 0d Total for nails, £1 6s 11d Oil Train oil, 6½ gallons, £1 7s 1d Linseed oil, ½ gallon, £0 1s 11d Total for oil, £1 9s 0d Paint Brimstone, 10 lb, £0 1s 3d Blacking ball, 1, £0 0s 6d Chalk, 6 lb, £0 0s 3d Total for paint, £0 2s 5d Turnery, paint brushes, 2, £0 1s 0d Deep-sea lines, 2, £0 10s 0d Brass and copper ware, boiling cock, 1, £0 4s 10d Masts, spar, 1, £1 18s 0d Tinware Sheet of single tin, 1, £0 0s 4d Sheet of double tin, 1, £0 0s 8d Total for tinware, £0 1s 0d Total for the boats, £23 7s 5d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 January and 31 March 1775, to the fortifications account. Fortifications, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Iron and steel Iron for Rupert's range and new [...], 5 cwt 1 qr 23 lb, £4 17s 3d Steel for the new room and [...], 0 cwt 2 qr 8 lb, £1 2s 8d Total for iron and steel, £5 19s 11d Cordage, 0 cwt 1 qr 26 lb, £0 16s 8d Candles for mending lime bags, 2 lb, £0 6s 0d Wheelbarrows for Rupert's range, 6, £4 12s 6d Carried forward, £11 15s 1d Interpretations The fortifications account showed where the work at Rupert's Valley drew on the stores. The range and butt there were finished in April 1775, and this quarter's iron, steel and six wheelbarrows went into the last stage of that work. The Company charged building stores for defence to an account of their own. This kept the cost of new works apart from the upkeep of existing buildings under repairs, so the Court of Directors could see what each new project cost in materials. Candles were issued to mend lime bags because their tallow was rubbed into the stitching of the canvas sacks that carried lime from the kilns. The tallow sealed the seams and stopped the fine powder from leaking out. A boiling cock was a brass tap fitted to a copper boiler, here probably for heating pitch for the boats. A deep-sea line was a long, heavy sounding line with a lead weight, used to measure depth in water too deep for the ordinary hand line.
68	61	1775 Brought Over £ 11 . 15 . 1 Iron Ware Viz. 1 Stock Lock .. 3 . 2 4 Ash Helves Lime Kiln .. 2 . 4 6 Pickaxes Ruperts Range 1 .. .. 24 Sail Needles Lime Bags .. 1 . 6 1 Maul Lime Kiln .. 9 . 4 2 Iron rim'd Locks St. Bitted 2 . 4 . 10 2 Pr. H. Hinges Sundry Places .. 6 . 5 ½ lb Tinn'd Tacks Ruperts Range .. .. 5 4 . 8 Deals Viz. 1 Ash Plank Wheel Barrows 2 . 6 . 9 4 Cuffees Target .. 14 . 9 3 . 1 . 6 Oil Viz. 1½ Gallon Train .. 6 . 0 2 do. Linseed Ruperts .. 7 . 8 .. 13 . 11 Glass Ware 5 Sqr. 8 by 10 Mundens Point .. 2 . 8 Thread 4 lb Coloured Artillery .. 11 . 9 Nails Viz. 6 lb 2 .. 4 . 3 24 .. 4 .. 14 . 1 .. 6 .. .. 7 3 .. 10 .. 1 . 5 3 .. 20 .. 1 . 2 6 Dog .. 3 . 11 ½ Glazg. Brads .. .. 3 Repairg. Wheel Barrows 1 . 5 . 7 Lines Viz. 24 No. 2 .. 6 . 8 54 .. 3 .. 17 . 8 6 .. 4 .. 2 . 3 2 Hambro .. 2 . 7 Artillery use and mending Lime Bags 1 . 9 . 2 Canvas 25 Yards English Target 1 . 3 . 5 Paint Viz. 6 Ven. Red mix'd .. 3 .. 16 Chalk do. .. .. 8 2 Blue Black .. 1 . 10 .. 5 . 6 Carried Over £ 24 . 16 . 7	The fortifications account continued from the total of £11 15s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £11 15s 1d Ironware Stock lock for the lime kiln, 1, £0 3s 2d Ash helves for the lime kiln, 4, £0 2s 4d Pickaxes for Rupert's range, 6, £1 0s 0d Sail needles for the lime bags, 24, £0 1s 6d Maul for the lime kiln, 1, £0 9s 4d Iron-rimmed locks and bolts for various places, 2, £2 4s 10d HL hinges for various places, 2 pairs, £0 6s 5d Tinned tacks for Rupert's range, ½ lb, £0 0s 5d Total for ironware, £4 8s 0d Deals Ash plank for wheelbarrows, 1, £2 6s 9d [...] deals for the target, 4, £0 14s 9d Total for deals, £3 1s 6d Oil for Rupert's Train oil, 1½ gallons, £0 6s 8d Linseed oil, 2 gallons, £0 7s 3d Total for oil, £0 13s 11d Glassware, window panes 8 by 10 inches for Munden's Point, 5, £0 2s 8d Coloured thread for the artillery, [...] lb, £0 11s 9d Nails for repairing wheelbarrows Two-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 4s 3d Four-penny nails, 24 lb, £0 14s 0d Six-penny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 7d Ten-penny nails, 3 lb, £0 1s 5d Twenty-penny nails, 3 lb, £0 1s 2d Rag nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 11d Glazing brads, ½ lb, £0 0s 3d Total for nails, £1 5s 7d Lines for the artillery and for mending lime bags Fishing lines number 2, 24, £0 6s 8d Fishing lines number 3, 54, £0 17s 8d Fishing lines number 4, 6, £0 2s 3d Hamburg lines, 2, £0 2s 7d Total for lines, £1 9s 2d English canvas for the target, 25 yards, £1 3s 5d Paint for the target Venetian red ground in oil, 6 lb, £0 3s 0d Chalk, 16 lb, £0 0s 8d Blue black, 2 lb, £0 1s 10d Total for paint, £0 5s 6d Carried forward, £24 16s 7d Interpretations The deals, canvas and paint charged to the target showed how the new range at Rupert's Valley was fitted out. Canvas stretched on a timber frame made a cheap target that could be patched and repainted after each practice. Painted rings in red, white and black marked where the shot struck. The artillery could then measure its accuracy against a fixed mark, where earlier it had fired at open sea and could only judge by the splash. A lime kiln at the works burned local rock to make lime for mortar. The sail needles and fishing lines issued for lime bags were used to sew up the canvas sacks that carried the lime to the masons. Munden's Point was a battery at the eastern side of James Bay, and its new window panes suggest that its guardhouse was being repaired. Blue black was a pigment made from charred vine twigs, which gave a cool, bluish black.
69	62	17th April Brought Over £ 24 . 16 . 7 Serge 1½ Yards Green Ruperts .. 7 . 4 Braziers Ware 1 Five Qt. Tea Kettle Ruperts .. 16 . 11 Lead 16 Sheet do. .. 3 £ 26 . 3 . 10 New Houses Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 January to 31 March 1775. Iron Ware Viz. 3 Mauls 1 . 8 2 Ash Helves .. 1 . 2 6 Bricklayers Trowels .. 7 . 11 1 . 17 . 1 Lines 12 No. 4 .. 4 . 6 Oil Viz. 1½ Gallons Train .. 6 . 3 1 Gallon Linseed .. 3 . 10 .. 10 . 1 Nails Viz. 30 .. 4 .. 17 . 6 2 .. 6 .. 1 . 1 8 .. 10 .. 3 . 8 16 .. 30 .. 5 . 8 33 Spike .. 10 . 5 1 . 18 . 4 Deals Viz. 4 Pr. Riga Timber 10 . 9 . 8 2½ Pr. Oak Plank 8 . 4 . 2 3 Balks 1 . 6 . 6 20 .. 4 Iron 40 lb .. 6 . 6 Paint 6 Ven. Red dry .. 1 . 5 £ 24 . 18 . 3 St. Helena 31 March 1775 Errors Excepted Jonn. Doveton Storekeeper	The fortifications account continued from the total of £24 16s 7d brought forward. Brought forward, £24 16s 7d Green serge for Rupert's, 1½ yards, £0 7s 4d Brass and copper ware, five-quart tea kettle for Rupert's, 1, £0 16s 11d Sheet lead, 16 lb, £0 3s 0d Total for fortifications, £26 3s 10d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 January and 31 March 1775, to the account for the new houses. New houses, 1 January to 31 March 1775 Ironware Mauls, 3, £1 8s 0d Ash helves, 2, £0 1s 2d Bricklayers' trowels, 6, £0 7s 11d Total for ironware, £1 17s 1d Fishing lines number 4, 12, £0 4s 6d Oil Train oil, 1½ gallons, £0 6s 3d Linseed oil, 1 gallon, £0 3s 10d Total for oil, £0 10s 1d Nails Four-penny nails, 30 lb, £0 17s 6d Six-penny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 1d Ten-penny nails, 8 lb, £0 3s 8d Thirty-penny nails, 16 lb, £0 5s 8d Spikes, 33 lb, £0 10s 5d Total for nails, £1 18s 4d Deals Riga timber, 4 pieces, £10 9s 3d Oak plank, 27 pieces, £8 4s 2d Balks, 3, £1 6s 6d Total for deals, £20 0s 4d Iron, 40 lb, £0 6s 6d Venetian red dry, 6 lb, £0 1s 5d Total for the new houses, £24 18s 3d Jonathan Doveton signed the collection as storekeeper at St Helena on 31 March 1775, subject to correction of any errors. Interpretations The new houses account covered the three houses and storerooms then being built for the Company. Timber made up most of the cost, at £20 0s 4d out of £24 18s 3d. The island grew almost no trees large enough for building, so every beam and plank had to be shipped in. Riga timber was Baltic fir exported through Riga, valued for its long, straight lengths, which made the main beams and roof timbers. Balks were roughly squared logs, sawn into smaller scantlings on the island as needed. Doveton signed the account "errors excepted", a clause standard in merchants' accounts. It meant that his signature confirmed the account as correct to the best of his knowledge, while leaving any later mistake open to correction. Without it, a slip in arithmetic found afterwards could have been treated as a false account, and the storekeeper could have been made to answer for the difference from his own pocket.
70	63	1775 List of the Honorable Company's Officers and Servants upon the Island St. Helena with their several Salarys Diet Money &c. for the Quarter ending the 31 Day of March 1775. John Skottowe Esqr. Governor 150 .. do. Allowance for Servants 31 . 14 . 9 181 . 14 . 9 Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor 62 . 10 do. Diet Money 25 . 87 . 10 Matthew Bazett Esqr. of Council 22 . 10 do. Accountant 27 . 10 do. Diet Money 15 .. 65 . William Wrangham Esqr. of Council 10 .. do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 . 10 do. Assistant to the Governor 10 . do. Paymaster 27 . 10 65 . Robartes Carr Chaplain 55 Jonathan Doveton Storekeeper 27 . 10 do. Diet Money 15 . do. House Rent 2 . 10 45 . Britanicus Alexander Wright Secretary 27 . 10 do. Diet Money 15 . do. House Rent 2 . 10 . 45 . James Tippet Engineer Deduct from 13 Jan. to 13 Feb. 1775 32 . 17 . 6 John Goodwin Factor 12 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 do. Collector of Customs 12 . 10 37 . 10 .. James Desfountain Factor 12 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 . do. House Rent 2 . 10 do. Assistant Storekeeper 5 . 30 . Carried Over £ 644 . 12 . 3	The Company's officers and servants on St Helena drew the following salaries, diet money and allowances for the quarter ending 31 March 1775. List of the Company's officers and servants and their pay, quarter ending 31 March 1775 John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d Total for John Skottowe, £181 14s 9d Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d Total for Daniel Corneille, £87 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, member of Council, salary, £22 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, accountant, £27 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for Matthew Bazett, £65 0s 0d William Wrangham, member of Council, salary, £10 0s 0d William Wrangham, diet money, £15 0s 0d William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d William Wrangham, assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d William Wrangham, paymaster, £27 10s 0d Total for William Wrangham, £65 0s 0d Robartes Carr, chaplain, £55 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £15 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Jonathan Doveton, £45 0s 0d Britannicus Alexander Wright, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d Britannicus Alexander Wright, diet money, £15 0s 0d Britannicus Alexander Wright, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Britannicus Alexander Wright, £45 0s 0d James Tippet, engineer, less pay stopped from 13 January to 13 February 1775, £32 17s 6d John Goodwin, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d John Goodwin, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Goodwin, house rent, £2 10s 0d John Goodwin, collector of customs, £12 10s 0d Total for John Goodwin, £37 10s 0d James Desfountain, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d James Desfountain, assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d Total for James Desfountain, £30 0s 0d Carried forward, £642 12s 3d Interpretations James Tippet's pay was cut for the month from 13 January to 13 February 1775. That was the period of his suspension after the court martial of January 1775, which ended when the Council restored him on 13 February 1775. The Company did not merely bar him from duty. It stopped his salary for the same month, so the suspension cost him money as well as standing. Most officials drew pay for several posts at once. Wrangham's £65 0s 0d came from five separate lines, and only £10 0s 0d of it was his salary as a councillor. The Company kept basic salaries low and added fees for each extra duty, such as paymaster, accountant or collector of customs. A small island could thus be run by a handful of men, and each man's income rose with the work he took on. Diet money was a cash allowance for meals paid to officials who did not eat at the Governor's table. Its amount followed rank, from £25 0s 0d for the Lieutenant Governor down to £10 0s 0d for a factor. House rent worked the same way for those who had no Company house and had to lodge at their own expense.
71	64	17th April Brought Over £ 644 . 12 . 3 William Webber Doveton Factor 12 . do. Diet Money 10 . do. House Rent 2 . 10 25 . Robert Leech Writer 7 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 . 10 . do. Clerk of the Works 6 . 16 . 10½ 26 . 16 . 10½ John Doveton Writer 7 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 . 10 20 . Nathaniel Kennedy Writer 7 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 17 . 10 John Congreve Judge Advocate 12 . 10 do. Diet Money 7 . 10 do. House Rent 2 . 10 22 . 10 . Thomas Stroud Surgeon 19 . 15 do. Diet Money 10 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 .. 32 . 5 Thomas Statham Assistant Surgeon 26 . 5 . Philip Mahoney Clk. of the Peace 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 36 . 14 . 4½ John Young Steward 7 . 10 do. Overseeing the Baking House 3 10 . 10 . Thomas Bazett Superintendt. of the Works 25 Solomon St. Maurice Master at Arms 6 . 5 . Samuel Alexander 7 . 10 . John Worrall 15 Overseers John Robinson Carpenter 25 . Simon Whaley do. Mate 12 . 10 Henry Wingfield Masons Mate 20 .. John Daniels do. Apprentice 12 . 10 . Carried Over £ 935 . 18 . 6	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £644 12s 3d brought forward. Brought forward, £644 12s 3d William Webber Doveton, factor, salary, £12 0s 0d William Webber Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d William Webber Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Webber Doveton, £25 0s 0d Robert Leech, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d Robert Leech, diet money, £10 0s 0d Robert Leech, house rent, £2 10s 0d Robert Leech, clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d Total for Robert Leech, £26 16s 10½d John Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d John Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Doveton, £20 0s 0d Nathaniel Kennedy, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d Nathaniel Kennedy, diet money, £10 0s 0d Total for Nathaniel Kennedy, £17 10s 0d John Congreve, judge advocate, salary, £12 10s 0d John Congreve, diet money, £7 10s 0d John Congreve, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Congreve, £22 10s 0d Thomas Stroud, surgeon, salary, £19 15s 0d Thomas Stroud, diet money, £10 0s 0d Thomas Stroud, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Stroud, £32 5s 0d Thomas Statham, assistant surgeon, £26 5s 0d Philip Mahoney, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 7s 6d Philip Mahoney, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Philip Mahoney, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Philip Mahoney, £36 14s 4½d John Young, steward, £7 10s 0d John Young, overseeing the bakehouse, £3 0s 0d Total for John Young, £10 10s 0d Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d Samuel Alexander, [...], £7 10s 0d John Worrall, [...], £15 0s 0d John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d Simon Whaley, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d Henry Wingfield, mason's mate, £20 0s 0d John Daniels, mason's apprentice, £12 10s 0d Carried forward, £935 18s 6d Interpretations The writers stood at the bottom of the Company's civil ladder, on a salary of £7 10s 0d a quarter. Their diet money and house rent were worth more than their pay. A young man entering the service lived mainly on these allowances while he learned the work of the offices. He then rose through the ranks of factor and junior merchant to the posts that carried extra fees. Robert Leech had already gained such a post, since his work as clerk of the works almost doubled his salary. The judge advocate and the clerk of the peace ran the island's justice. The judge advocate managed courts martial for the garrison, such as the trial of James Tippet in January 1775, and gave advice on military law. The clerk of the peace kept the records of the civil courts held by the Governor and Council. He drew up their warrants and recognisances, and collected the fees that came with them. Thomas Statham drew a single sum as assistant surgeon, with no diet money or house rent. He was an army lieutenant appointed to the post from 7 November 1774, and he still drew his lodging and food through his military rank. The Company therefore paid him only for the medical work.
72	65	1775 Brought Over £ 935 . 18 . 6 Joseph Seager Armourer 15 .. Joseph Griffiths Cooper 15 .. James Carmichael Gardener 10 John Price Marshal & Goaler 7 . 10 Isaac Clark Groom 2 John Joyce Clock & Instrumt. maker 1 . 5 John King Patroon 7 . 10 Thomas Yates Clerk of the Parish 6 . 10 The Drum Major Instructg. the Young Drummers 1 . Hugh Jones Superintendt. of the Blacks 10 John Scott Register Master 10 First Company Viz. Daniel Corneille Captain 59 . 6 . 3 Charles Ross Steward Lieut. 24 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. Adjutant 18 . 5 . 49 . 19 . 4½ James Elgin Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ William Roberts Town Adjut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 . 36 . 14 . 4½ Sergeants Viz. Thomas Meares 7 . 10 . James Mannaton 7 . 10 .. Abm. Jarvis 7 . 10 Andw. Alexander 7 . 10 . Timy. Walters to 27 March 7 . 3 . 4 Thomas Roades 7 . 10 William Hardie from 28 March .. 6 . 8 45 Corporals William Hardie to 27 March 5 .. 4 John Potts 5 . 5 George Roe 5 . 5 Corporals Carried Over £ 15 . 10 . 4 Carried Over £ 1296 . 17 . 10½	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £935 18s 6d brought forward. Brought forward, £935 18s 6d Joseph Seager, armourer, £15 0s 0d Joseph Griffiths, cooper, £15 0s 0d James Carmichael, gardener, £10 0s 0d John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d Isaac Clark, groom, £2 0s 0d John Joyce, clock and instrument maker, £1 5s 0d John King, [...], £7 10s 0d Thomas Yates, parish clerk, £6 10s 0d The drum major, for training the young drummers, £1 0s 0d Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d John Scott, [...] master, £10 0s 0d First Company Daniel Corneille, captain, £39 6s 3d Charles Ross Stewart, lieutenant, salary, £24 7s 6d Charles Ross Stewart, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Charles Ross Stewart, adjutant, £18 5s 0d Total for Charles Ross Stewart, £49 9s 4½d James Elgin, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d James Elgin, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for James Elgin, £34 4s 4½d William Roberts, town adjutant, salary, £27 7s 6d William Roberts, diet money, £6 16s 10½d William Roberts, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Roberts, £36 14s 4½d Sergeants Thomas Morrans, sergeant, £7 10s 0d James Mannaton, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Abraham Lewis, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Andrew Alexander, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Timothy Walters, sergeant, to 27 March 1775, £7 3s 4d Thomas Rhodes, sergeant, £7 10s 0d William Hardie, sergeant, from 28 March 1775, £0 6s 3d Total for sergeants, £45 0s 0d Corporals William Hardie, corporal, to 27 March 1775, £5 0s 4d John Potts, corporal, £5 5s 0d George Roe, corporal, £5 5s 0d Corporals carried forward, £15 10s 4d Carried forward, £1,296 17s 10½d Interpretations William Hardie appeared twice in the list, as a corporal to 27 March 1775 and as a sergeant from 28 March 1775. Timothy Walters left the sergeants' list on 27 March 1775, and Hardie probably filled his place. The paymaster split Hardie's pay by the day, giving him the corporal's rate for most of the quarter and the sergeant's rate for the last four days. Soldiers' pay ran as a daily rate, so a promotion, death or discharge altered a man's wages from the exact day it took effect. Daniel Corneille drew £39 6s 3d as captain of the First Company on top of his £87 10s 0d as Lieutenant Governor. The island's senior officials also commanded its garrison companies, and each command carried its own pay. The Company gained officers who knew the island and avoided sending out separate army captains, while the officials earned a second income. The drum major received a small extra payment to train the young drummers. The garrison raised its drummers from boys on the island, and the drum signals they learned passed orders across the parade ground and the batteries. Hugh Jones's post as superintendent of the slaves put one paid official over the Company's labour force, whose stores on 17 April 1775 cost £433 12s 10d for the quarter.
73	66	17th April Brought Over £ 1296 . 17 . 10½ Corporals brought Over £ 15 . 10 . 4 John Desborough 5 . 5 . Jonn. Bartlett 5 . 5 . William Warner 5 . 5 . William Goalby from 28 March .. 4 . 8 31 . 10 . Drummers Viz. John Truils 5 . 5 Richard Halfpot 5 . 5 George Walls 5 . 5 .. 15 . 15 . Richard Knipe Cadet 7 . 10 . Private Viz. Richd. Ashton 3 . 15 . John Attwood 3 . 15 . Edward Aldridge 3 . 15 Timothy Bryson 3 . 15 . Emanl. Bonner to 27 March 3 . 11 . 8 William Benson 3 . 15 . Richd. Broom 3 . 15 Thos. Berwick 3 . 15 . Joseph Beecham 3 . 15 Joseph Batterham 3 . 15 John Baker 3 . 15 .. Edward Banks 3 . 15 John Bull 3 . 15 Patk. Conner 3 . 15 John Charlton 3 . 15 Willm. Coppin 3 . 15 Ralph Clavering 3 . 15 . William Craigs 3 . 15 John Chapman 3 . 15 Richd. Cooke 3 . 15 James Crookshanks 3 . 15 John Davis 3 . 15 John Dove 3 . 15 James Drake 3 . 15 Adam Evans 3 . 15 John Ellis 3 . 15 Private Carried Over £ 97 . 6 . 8 Carried Over £ 1351 . 12 . 10½	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £1,296 17s 10½d brought forward, with the corporals resumed from their own subtotal of £15 10s 4d. Brought forward, £1,296 17s 10½d Corporals brought forward, £15 10s 4d John Desbrough, corporal, £5 5s 0d Jonathan Bartlett, corporal, £5 5s 0d William Warner, corporal, £5 5s 0d William Goalby, corporal, from 28 March 1775, £0 4s 8d Total for corporals, £31 10s 0d Drummers John Turner, drummer, £5 5s 0d Richard Halford, drummer, £5 5s 0d George Watts, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £15 15s 0d Richard Knipe, cadet, £7 10s 0d Privates Richard Ashton, private, £3 15s 0d John Atwood, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Aldridge, private, £3 15s 0d Timothy Bryan, private, £3 15s 0d [...] Bonner, private, to 27 March 1775, £3 11s 8d William Brown, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Brown, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Beswick, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Buchan, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Bottesham, private, £3 15s 0d John Baker, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Banks, private, £3 15s 0d John Brill, private, £3 15s 0d Patrick Conner, private, £3 15s 0d John Chalton, private, £3 15s 0d William Coppin, private, £3 15s 0d Ralph Cheeney, private, £3 15s 0d William Craig, private, £3 15s 0d John Chapman, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Cooke, private, £3 15s 0d James Crookshanks, private, £3 15s 0d John Davis, private, £3 15s 0d John Dove, private, £3 15s 0d James Drake, private, £3 15s 0d Adam Evans, private, £3 15s 0d John Ellis, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £97 6s 8d Carried forward, £1,351 12s 10½d Interpretations The dates on this page completed a chain of promotions in the First Company at the end of March 1775. Timothy Walters left the sergeants on 27 March 1775 and William Hardie rose from corporal to sergeant the next day. William Goalby joined the corporals on 28 March 1775, the same day that a private named Bonner ceased to draw a private's pay. Goalby was probably the private promoted to fill Hardie's place, entered in the roll under his full name. One vacancy at the top thus moved a man up at each rank below it. A cadet was a young man serving in the ranks while he waited for a commission as an officer. Richard Knipe drew £7 10s 0d a quarter, twice a private's pay and as much as a sergeant. That rate marked him out as a gentleman in training, not an ordinary soldier.
74	67	1775 Brought Over £ 1351 . 12 . 10½ Private brought Over £ 97 . 6 . 8 William Edwards 3 . 15 . Willm. Fisher 3 . 15 . Robt. Frost 3 . 15 . John Frake 3 . 15 . Stephen Ferris 3 . 15 Willm. Greenwood 3 . 15 . John Grainger to 27 March 3 . 11 . 8 John Griffiths 3 . 15 . Willm. Goalby to 27 March 3 . 11 . 8 Willm. Gosford 3 . 15 . John Gaell 3 . 15 John Houston 3 . 15 Philip Hayes 3 . 15 Thos. Houching 3 . 15 . Edward Hayes 3 . 15 . Thos. Hendcock 3 . 15 Bernard Hartier 3 . 15 . John Johnson 3 . 15 Franl. Ives 3 . 15 Franl. Jones 3 . 15 . Thomas Love 3 . 15 Patrick Lynch 3 . 15 Michl. Leonard 3 . 15 Duncan Mc. Laren 3 . 15 William Mumford 3 . 15 Willm. Mudge 3 . 15 John Mc. Allister 3 . 15 . Michl. Mc. Namara 3 . 15 Peter Morfitt 3 . 15 Daniel Morgan 3 . 15 Jas. Mc. Shane 3 . 15 . Duncan Mc. Naughton 3 . 15 . Richd. Nichols 3 . 15 . James Neale 3 . 15 . Willm. Page 3 . 15 Chas. Pelletier 3 . 15 . Richard Palmer 3 . 15 Alexander Paxton 3 . 15 . William Pruitt Private Carried Over £ 243 . 5 . Carried Over £ 1351 . 12 . 10½	The list of privates continued from the total of £1,351 12s 10½d brought forward, with the privates resumed from their own subtotal of £97 6s 8d. Brought forward, £1,351 12s 10½d Privates brought forward, £97 6s 8d William Edwards, private, £3 15s 0d William Fisher, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Frost, private, £3 15s 0d John Feebe, private, £3 15s 0d Stephen Faries, private, £3 15s 0d William Greenwood, private, £3 15s 0d John Grainger, private, to 27 March 1775, £3 11s 8d John Griffiths, private, £3 15s 0d William Goalby, private, to 27 March 1775, £3 11s 8d William Gosford, private, £3 15s 0d John Gazell, private, £3 15s 0d John Houston, private, £3 15s 0d Philip Hayes, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hutching, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Harper, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hancock, private, £3 15s 0d Bernard Harter, private, £3 15s 0d John Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d Francis Ives, private, £3 15s 0d Francis Jones, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Love, private, £3 15s 0d Patrick Lynch, private, £3 15s 0d Michael Leonard, private, £3 15s 0d Duncan McLaren, private, £3 15s 0d William Munford, private, £3 15s 0d William Mudge, private, £3 15s 0d John McAllister, private, £3 15s 0d Michael McNamara, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Moffatt, private, £3 15s 0d Daniel Morgan, private, £3 15s 0d James McShane, private, £3 15s 0d Duncan McNaughton, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Nichols, private, £3 15s 0d James Neale, private, £3 15s 0d William Page, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Pilliter, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Palmer, private, £3 15s 0d Alexander Paxton, private, £3 15s 0d William Pevett, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £243 5s 0d Carried forward, £1,351 12s 10½d Interpretations William Goalby drew a private's pay to 27 March 1775 and a corporal's pay from 28 March 1775. This confirmed that he was the private promoted into the vacancy left when William Hardie became a sergeant. Bonner and John Grainger also stopped drawing pay on 27 March 1775, perhaps because they were moved to other duties or discharged on the same day. The paymaster closed every changed entry at the same date, so each man's pay ran up to the day of the change and no further.
75	68	17th April Brought Over £ 1351 . 12 . 10½ Private brought Over £ 243 . 5 . John Pagle 3 . 15 Willm. Robinson 3 . 15 Thomas Rogers 3 . 15 . Anthy. Reynolds 3 . 15 John Revell 3 . 15 .. William Saxby 3 . 15 Joseph Stacey 3 . 15 James Snell 3 . 15 Willm. Smelt 3 . 15 Gregory Southerwood 3 . 15 . Thos. Smith 3 . 15 . John Small 3 . 15 William Sommervelle 3 . 15 John Tanton 3 . 15 .. Thos. Townsend 3 . 15 John Taylor 3 . 15 William Taylor 3 . 15 George Thompson from 30 March .. 1 . 8 Arthur Upton 3 . 15 . Benjn. Wise 3 . 15 Thos. Windall 3 . 15 Geo Wall 3 . 15 . Barthw. Welch 3 . 15 . John Walters 3 . 15 Henry Wood 3 . 15 John White 3 . 15 John Waterfield 3 . 15 Edward Wickenden 3 . 15 Willm. Westbury 3 . 15 Robt. Wright 3 . 15 William Wilders 3 . 15 William Webb 3 . 15 . 359 . 11 . 8 Second Company Viz. Henry Bazett Captain 59 . 6 . 3 James Greentree Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Carried Over £ 1804 . 15 . 2	The list of privates continued from the total of £1,351 12s 10½d brought forward, with the privates resumed from their own subtotal of £243 5s 0d. Brought forward, £1,351 12s 10½d Privates brought forward, £243 5s 0d John Pugle, private, £3 15s 0d William Robinson, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Rogers, private, £3 15s 0d Anthony Reynolds, private, £3 15s 0d John Revill, private, £3 15s 0d William Swaby, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Stacey, private, £3 15s 0d James Snell, private, £3 15s 0d William Smelt, private, £3 15s 0d Gregory Southerwood, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Smith, private, £3 15s 0d John Small, private, £3 15s 0d William Sommerville, private, £3 15s 0d John Stanton, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Townsend, private, £3 15s 0d John Taylor, private, £3 15s 0d William Taylor, private, £3 15s 0d George Thompson, private, from 30 March 1775, £0 1s 8d Arthur Upton, private, £3 15s 0d Benjamin Wise, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Windall, private, £3 15s 0d George Wall, private, £3 15s 0d Bartholomew Welch, private, £3 15s 0d John Walters, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Wood, private, £3 15s 0d John White, private, £3 15s 0d John Waterfield, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Wickendon, private, £3 15s 0d William Westbury, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Wright, private, £3 15s 0d William Wilders, private, £3 15s 0d William Webb, private, £3 15s 0d Total for privates, £359 11s 8d Second Company Henry Bazett, captain, £59 6s 3d James Greentree, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d James Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for James Greentree, £34 4s 4½d Carried forward, £1,804 15s 2d
76	69	1775 Brought Over £ 1804 . 15 . 2 John Bazett Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Sergeants Viz. Francis Seale 7 . 10 William Wills 7 . 10 . Joseph Mc. Cartney 7 . 10 . John Sheens 7 . 10 Samuel Warren 7 . 10 William Carter 7 . 10 .. 45 .. Corporals Viz. Mark Trueman 5 . 5 Henry Batchelder 5 . 5 . Robt. Withers 5 . 5 John Richards 5 . 5 Thos. Hart to 6 Feby. 2 . 3 . 2 Willm. Jones to 14 March 4 . 5 . 2 John Fellows from 7 Feby. 3 . 1 . 10 Geo Clancy from 15 March .. 19 . 10 31 . 10 . Drummers Viz. Benjn. Seale 5 . 5 John Wyrill 5 . 5 10 . 10 Private Viz. Timothy Atherton 3 . 15 William Brooks 3 . 15 Danl. Bye 3 . 15 James Beard 3 . 15 . Charles Brewer 3 . 15 . Andw. Boswell 3 . 15 John Cunningham 3 . 15 John Coffee 3 . 15 Ferring Clamp 3 . 15 . Thos. Chankley 3 . 15 Geo Chapman 3 . 15 Geo Clancy to 14 March 3 .. 10 Willm. Dunnan 3 . 15 William Daniels 3 . 15 Private Carried Over £ 51 . 15 . 10 Carried Over £ 1925 . 19 . 6½	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £1,804 15s 2d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,804 15s 2d John Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for John Bazett, £34 4s 4½d Sergeants Francis Seale, sergeant, £7 10s 0d William Wells, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Joseph McCartney, sergeant, £7 10s 0d John Stevens, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Samuel Warren, sergeant, £7 10s 0d William Carter, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Total for sergeants, £45 0s 0d Corporals Mark Tyeman, corporal, £5 5s 0d Henry Batchelder, corporal, £5 5s 0d Robert Withers, corporal, £5 5s 0d John Richards, corporal, £5 5s 0d Thomas Hart, corporal, to 6 February 1775, £2 3s 2d William Jones, corporal, to 14 March 1775, £4 5s 2d John Fellows, corporal, from 7 February 1775, £3 1s 10d George Clancy, corporal, from 15 March 1775, £0 19s 10d Total for corporals, £31 10s 0d Drummers Benjamin Seale, drummer, £5 5s 0d John Wyatt, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £10 10s 0d Privates Timothy Allaster, private, £3 15s 0d William Brooks, private, £3 15s 0d David Bye, private, £3 15s 0d James Baird, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Bruce, private, £3 15s 0d Andrew Boswell, private, £3 15s 0d John Cunningham, private, £3 15s 0d John Coffee, private, £3 15s 0d Fanning Clamp, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Chankley, private, £3 15s 0d George Chapman, private, £3 15s 0d George Clancy, private, to 14 March 1775, £3 0s 10d William Conman, private, £3 15s 0d William Daniels, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £51 15s 10d Carried forward, £1,925 19s 6½d Interpretations The Second Company filled each vacancy among its corporals on the day after it opened. Thomas Hart left on 6 February 1775 and John Fellows took his place from 7 February 1775. William Jones left on 14 March 1775, and George Clancy moved up from the privates to replace him on 15 March 1775. The company was thus kept at its full number of four corporals throughout the quarter. The total paid to corporals came to exactly the same £31 10s 0d as in the First Company, since the outgoing and incoming men shared one corporal's pay between them.
77	70	17th April Brought Over £ 1925 . 19 . 6½ Private brought Over £ 51 . 15 . 10 Daniel Duce 3 . 15 Peter Ellam 3 . 15 David Evans 3 . 15 . James Every 3 . 15 John Eames 3 . 15 . Jonah Edwards 3 . 15 John Fellows to 6 Feby. 1 . 10 . 10 Wm. Fullwood 3 . 15 John Goodsole 3 . 15 Robt. Green 3 . 15 David Grant 3 . 15 Thos. Griffiths 3 . 15 Josiah Gentleman 3 . 15 Willm. Graysmith 3 . 15 Samuel Hiles 3 . 15 John Holebrook 3 . 15 James Hudson 3 . 15 John Ham 3 . 15 Robt. Hardie 3 . 15 John Hayage 3 . 15 Thos. Harrison 3 . 15 Geo Hatch 3 . 15 Edward Hughes 3 . 15 John Hargate 3 . 15 William Hendon 3 . 15 John Hughes 3 . 15 Jacob Hiram 3 . 15 Charles Holloway 3 . 15 Hendrick Hoffstatt 3 . 15 Thos. Hart from 7 Feby. 2 . 4 . 2 Samuel Instone 3 . 15 John James 3 . 15 Willm. Johnson 3 . 15 John Jones 3 . 15 Richard Jerram 3 . 15 Andw. Jocalcomb 3 . 15 Willm. Jones from 15 March .. 14 . 2 Samuel Kitson 3 . 15 Henry Kirkham 3 . 15 John King 3 . 15 Private Carried Over £ 195 Carried Over £ 1925 . 19 . 6½	The list of privates continued from the total of £1,925 19s 6½d brought forward, with the privates resumed from their own subtotal of £51 15s 10d. Brought forward, £1,925 19s 6½d Privates brought forward, £51 15s 10d Daniel Duce, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Ellam, private, £3 15s 0d David Evans, private, £3 15s 0d James Every, private, £3 15s 0d John Eames, private, £3 15s 0d Jonah Edwards, private, £3 15s 0d John Fellows, private, to 6 February 1775, £1 10s 10d William Fulwood, private, £3 15s 0d John Gorsch, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Gunn, private, £3 15s 0d David Grant, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Griffiths, private, £3 15s 0d Josiah Gentleman, private, £3 15s 0d William Gunswick, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Hiles, private, £3 15s 0d John Holebrook, private, £3 15s 0d James Hudson, private, £3 15s 0d John Ham, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Hardie, private, £3 15s 0d John Haynge, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Harrison, private, £3 15s 0d George Hatch, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Hughes, private, £3 15s 0d John Heigate, private, £3 15s 0d William Hinden, private, £3 15s 0d John Hughes, private, £3 15s 0d Jacob Horam, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Holloway, private, £3 15s 0d Hendrick Hoffstall, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hart, private, from 7 February 1775, £2 4s 2d Samuel Instone, private, £3 15s 0d John James, private, £3 15s 0d William Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d John Jones, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Ingram, private, £3 15s 0d Andrew [...], private, £3 15s 0d William Jones, private, from 15 March 1775, £0 14s 2d Samuel Holson, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Kirkham, private, £3 15s 0d John King, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £195 0s 0d Carried forward, £1,925 19s 6½d Interpretations Thomas Hart and William Jones did not leave the Second Company. Both dropped from corporal to private on the day their corporal's pay stopped, Hart from 7 February 1775 and Jones from 15 March 1775. They were reduced to the ranks, a punishment usually given for drunkenness, neglect of duty or a quarrel with a superior. The privates who replaced them, John Fellows and George Clancy, were promoted on the very same days. Demotion was thus a regular tool of discipline in the garrison, and it cost the man about a third of his pay as well as his stripes.
78	71	1775 Brought Over £ 1925 . 19 . 6½ Private brought Over £ 195 Thos. Little 3 . 15 . Thos. Lee 3 . 15 Thos. Lambley 3 . 15 . James Laddy 3 . 15 .. John Monroe 3 . 15 John Mc. Cullen 3 . 15 .. Peter Mahan 3 . 15 Franl. Mears 3 . 15 Joseph Miller 3 . 15 . Thos. Mevill 3 . 15 Isaac Muskett 3 . 15 James Maloney 3 . 15 Patk. Mc. Lauchlin 3 . 15 . Reeves Osborne 3 . 15 Jacob Peters 3 . 15 Thos. Palmer to 24 Feby. 2 . 5 . 10 Thos. Pomee 3 . 15 Richd. Page 3 . 15 . Willm. Paddom 3 . 15 John Phillips 3 . 15 Hans Peter 3 . 15 . Simon Pick 3 . 15 . John Roberts 3 . 15 Owen Raccoon 3 . 15 Peter Roberts 3 . 15 Saml. Reddish 3 . 15 John Christian Shuft 3 . 15 . Fredk. Sheffer 3 . 15 John Salisbury 3 . 15 James Stone 3 . 15 . Thos. Smith 3 . 15 Baptista Tibbet 3 . 15 Benjn. Thomas 3 . 15 John Terrell 3 . 15 Ralph Tedman 3 . 15 . John Vaughan 3 . 15 Richd. White 3 . 15 . John Walters 3 . 15 William Warren Private Carried Over £ 339 . 16 . 10 Carried Over £ 1925 . 19 . 6½	The list of privates continued from the total of £1,925 19s 6½d brought forward, with the privates resumed from their own subtotal of £195 0s 0d. Brought forward, £1,925 19s 6½d Privates brought forward, £195 0s 0d Thomas Little, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Lee, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Lambley, private, £3 15s 0d James Liddy, private, £3 15s 0d John Morris, private, £3 15s 0d John McCullen, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Mahan, private, £3 15s 0d Francis Mears, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Miller, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Minith, private, £3 15s 0d Isaac Mushett, private, £3 15s 0d James Maloney, private, £3 15s 0d Patrick McLauchlin, private, £3 15s 0d Reeves Osborne, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Peters, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Palmer, private, to 24 February 1775, £2 5s 10d Thomas Pounce, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Page, private, £3 15s 0d William Paddon, private, £3 15s 0d John Phillips, private, £3 15s 0d Hans Peter, private, £3 15s 0d Simon Peck, private, £3 15s 0d John Roberts, private, £3 15s 0d Owen Raccoon, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Roberts, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Reddish, private, £3 15s 0d John Christian Ruff, private, £3 15s 0d Frederick Sheffer, private, £3 15s 0d John Salisbury, private, £3 15s 0d James Stone, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Smith, private, £3 15s 0d Baptista Sibbet, private, £3 15s 0d Benjamin Thomas, private, £3 15s 0d John Tewell, private, £3 15s 0d Ralph Tidman, private, £3 15s 0d John Vaughan, private, £3 15s 0d Richard White, private, £3 15s 0d John Walters, private, £3 15s 0d William Warren, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £339 16s 10d Carried forward, £1,925 19s 6½d Interpretations Names such as Hans Peter, John Christian Ruff, Frederick Sheffer and Hendrick Hoffstall showed that the Second Company held German and Dutch soldiers alongside the English, Scots and Irish. The East India Company could not raise enough men in Britain for all its garrisons. It therefore took on foreign recruits through agents in the Low Countries and the German states, who served under the same pay and articles as the British soldiers.
79	72	17th April Brought Over £ 1925 . 19 . 6½ Private brought Over £ 339 . 16 . 10 James Wells 3 . 15 Henry Yates 3 . 15 Willm. Davis from 30 March .. 1 . 8 Charles Lockstone do. .. 1 . 8 347 . 9 . 2 Third Company Viz. John Howard Captain 59 . 6 . 3 Samuel Desfountain Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 36 . 14 . 4½ Robt. Gurling Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 14 . 4½ Sergeants Viz. John Drake 7 . 10 John Terry Sergeant Major 12 .. Thos. Kilsch 7 . 10 William Taylor 7 . 10 James Youd 7 . 10 Geo German 7 . 10 49 . 10 Corporals Viz. John Anderson 5 . 5 Caleb Broadway 5 . 5 Richard Pearce 5 . 5 . John Johnson 5 . 5 Joseph Watts 5 . 5 Benjn. Gerrard 5 . 5 .. 31 . 10 Drummers Viz. James Moyce 5 . 5 John Tyrill 5 . 5 10 . 10 Private Viz. John Allen 3 . 15 . Willm. Ashfield 3 . 15 Private Carried Over £ 7 . 10 . Carried Over £ 2495 . 3 . 8½	The list of privates continued from the total of £1,925 19s 6½d brought forward, with the privates resumed from their own subtotal of £339 16s 10d. Brought forward, £1,925 19s 6½d Privates brought forward, £339 16s 10d James Wells, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Yates, private, £3 15s 0d William Davis, private, from 30 March 1775, £0 1s 8d Charles Lockstone, private, from 30 March 1775, £0 1s 8d Total for privates, £347 9s 2d Third Company John Howard, captain, £59 6s 3d Samuel Desfountain, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Samuel Desfountain, £36 14s 4½d Robert Gosling, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Robert Gosling, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Robert Gosling, £34 4s 4½d Sergeants John Veale, sergeant, £7 10s 0d John Terry, sergeant major, £12 0s 0d Thomas Pilcock, sergeant, £7 10s 0d William Taylor, sergeant, £7 10s 0d James Ward, sergeant, £7 10s 0d George Germon, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Total for sergeants, £49 10s 0d Corporals John Anderson, corporal, £5 5s 0d Caleb Broadway, corporal, £5 5s 0d Richard Pearce, corporal, £5 5s 0d John Johnson, corporal, £5 5s 0d Joseph Walters, corporal, £5 5s 0d Benjamin Gerrard, corporal, £5 5s 0d Total for corporals, £31 10s 0d Drummers James Moyce, drummer, £5 5s 0d John Tyrell, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £10 10s 0d Privates John Allen, private, £3 15s 0d William Ashfield, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £7 10s 0d Carried forward, £2,495 3s 3½d Interpretations William Davis and Charles Lockstone joined the Second Company on 30 March 1775, the same day that George Thompson joined the First Company. Three men entering two companies on one date points to a single batch of recruits taken onto the strength together and shared out among the companies. The paymaster entered each man from that day, so they drew only two days' pay in the quarter. John Terry, the sergeant major, drew £12 0s 0d against £7 10s 0d for an ordinary sergeant. He was the senior non-commissioned officer, in charge of drill, guard rosters and discipline among the sergeants and men. He also acted as the link between the officers and the ranks.
80	73	1775 Brought Over £ 2495 . 3 . 8½ Private brought Over £ 7 . 10 . Joseph Blackwell 3 . 15 . John Bowler 3 . 15 . William Blackman 3 . 15 . Thos. Bailey 3 . 15 Richd. Bickerstaff 3 . 15 Willm. Caleb Baldwin 3 . 15 . Jeremiah Butcher 3 . 15 . John Bates 3 . 15 . Robt. Buckles 3 . 15 John Broad 3 . 15 William Bicknell 3 . 15 . William Blake 3 . 15 . William Cooksey 3 . 15 . Richd. Close 3 . 15 . Josiah Cummins 3 . 15 John Clemans 3 . 15 . Saml. Clare 3 . 15 . John Collins 3 . 15 .. Robt. Coleman 3 . 15 . Thos. Dawson 3 . 15 .. James Dennis 3 . 15 . John Deane 3 . 15 .. James Deighton 3 . 15 .. Thos. Dorman 3 . 15 . Charles Field 3 . 15 .. Franl. Flinn 3 . 15 .. David Fowler 3 . 15 . George Green 3 . 15 . John Gillmore 3 . 15 . Edward German 3 . 15 Fredk. Gallisse 3 . 15 . Willm. Goulding 3 . 15 Joseph Gross 3 . 15 John Germaine 3 . 15 Henry Heninburgh 3 . 15 Roger Haydon 3 . 15 Thos. Hilliard 3 . 15 Jas. Hawkins 3 . 15 Peter Hanlin Private Carried Over £ 153 . 15 . Carried Over £ 2495 . 3 . 8½	The list of privates continued from the total of £2,495 3s 3½d brought forward, with the privates resumed from their own subtotal of £7 10s 0d. Brought forward, £2,495 3s 3½d Privates brought forward, £7 10s 0d Joseph Blackwell, private, £3 15s 0d John Bowler, private, £3 15s 0d William Blackman, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Bailey, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Bickerstaff, private, £3 15s 0d William Caleb Baldwin, private, £3 15s 0d Jeremiah Butcher, private, £3 15s 0d John Bates, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Buckles, private, £3 15s 0d John Bead, private, £3 15s 0d William Bucknell, private, £3 15s 0d William Blake, private, £3 15s 0d William Cooksey, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Close, private, £3 15s 0d Josiah Cummins, private, £3 15s 0d John Clemans, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Clare, private, £3 15s 0d John Collins, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Coleman, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Dawson, private, £3 15s 0d James Dennis, private, £3 15s 0d John Deane, private, £3 15s 0d James Deighton, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Denman, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Field, private, £3 15s 0d Francis Flory, private, £3 15s 0d David Fowler, private, £3 15s 0d George Green, private, £3 15s 0d John Gilmore, private, £3 15s 0d Edward German, private, £3 15s 0d Frederick Gallese, private, £3 15s 0d William Goulding, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Goss, private, £3 15s 0d John Germaine, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Hanenburgh, private, £3 15s 0d Roger Haydon, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hilliard, private, £3 15s 0d James Hawkins, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Hanlin, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £153 15s 0d Carried forward, £2,495 3s 3½d
81	74	17th April Brought Over £ 2495 . 3 . 8½ Private brought Over £ 153 . 15 William Haddon 3 . 15 Christ. Johnson 3 . 15 Thomas Johnson 3 . 15 John Joyce 3 . 15 James Jordan 3 . 15 John Jones 3 . 15 Richard Jackson 3 . 15 Michl. Kerry 3 . 15 Thos. Lyne 3 . 15 Chas. Lewellen 3 . 15 John Latham 3 . 15 Stephen Lissett 3 . 15 Thos. Mc. Dearman 3 . 15 Robt. May 3 . 15 John Moyce 3 . 15 Mattw. Mould Transd. 31 March 3 . 15 Daniel Patrick 3 . 15 William Parker 3 . 15 Thos. Pritchard 3 . 15 John Pink 3 . 15 Stephen Phare 3 . 15 William Powell 3 . 15 Robt. Parkinson 3 . 15 Christ. Pattisher 3 . 15 James Richardson 3 . 15 James Roberts 3 . 15 Willm. Scotman 3 . 15 Willm. Stedman 3 . 15 James Sea 3 . 15 Charles Smith 3 . 15 Thos. Smith 3 . 15 John Smith 3 . 15 Thos. Stevens 3 . 15 Peter Shores 3 . 15 Saml. Savory 3 . 15 John Stockdell 3 . 15 John Turner 3 . 15 Richd. Turner 3 . 15 Willm. Tucker 3 . 15 Private Carried Over £ 300 .. Carried Over £ 2495 . 3 . 8½	The list of privates continued from the total of £2,495 3s 3½d brought forward, with the privates resumed from their own subtotal of £153 15s 0d. Brought forward, £2,495 3s 3½d Privates brought forward, £153 15s 0d William Hadden, private, £3 15s 0d Christopher Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d John Joyce, private, £3 15s 0d James Jordan, private, £3 15s 0d John Jones, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Jackson, private, £3 15s 0d Michael Kerry, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Kyne, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Lewellen, private, £3 15s 0d John Latham, private, £3 15s 0d Stephen Lipsett, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas McGrannan, private, £3 15s 0d Robert May, private, £3 15s 0d John Moyse, private, £3 15s 0d Matthew Mould, private, transferred 31 March 1775, £3 15s 0d Daniel Patrick, private, £3 15s 0d William Parker, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Pritchard, private, £3 15s 0d John Pink, private, £3 15s 0d Stephen P[...], private, £3 15s 0d William Pernell, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Parkinson, private, £3 15s 0d Christopher P[...], private, £3 15s 0d James Richardson, private, £3 15s 0d James Roberts, private, £3 15s 0d William Scotman, private, £3 15s 0d William Stedman, private, £3 15s 0d James Sax, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Smith, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Smith, private, £3 15s 0d John Smith, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Stevens, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Shoas, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Savory, private, £3 15s 0d John Stockdale, private, £3 15s 0d John Turner, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Turner, private, £3 15s 0d William Tucker, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £300 0s 0d Carried forward, £2,495 3s 3½d
82	75	1775 Brought Over £ 2495 . 3 . 8½ Private brought Over £ 300 .. Stephen Trueman 3 . 15 John Tubb 3 . 15 William Waite 3 . 15 Thomas Walls 3 . 15 Samuel Willson 3 . 15 William Willson 3 . 15 John Wood 3 . 15 George Wood 3 . 15 Robt. Woody 3 . 15 John Windall 3 . 15 William Webb 3 . 15 William Wickens 3 . 15 Robt. Walton 3 . 15 Thos. Williams 3 . 15 Peter White 3 . 15 356 . 5 Fourth Company Viz. Solomon St. Maurice Captain 59 . 6 . 3 Thomas Bazett Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 . 36 . 14 . 4½ Thomas Statham Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Watkin Greentree Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Sergeants Viz. William Clifton 7 . 10 Thos. Blake 7 . 10 James York 7 . 10 Thomas Ferris 7 . 10 William Bridgford 7 . 10 Joseph Dailey 7 . 10 45 Carried Over £ 3060 . 18 . 1	The list of privates continued from the total of £2,495 3s 3½d brought forward, with the privates resumed from their own subtotal of £300 0s 0d. Brought forward, £2,495 3s 3½d Privates brought forward, £300 0s 0d Stephen Freeman, private, £3 15s 0d John Tubb, private, £3 15s 0d William Waite, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Watts, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Willson, private, £3 15s 0d William Willson, private, £3 15s 0d John Wood, private, £3 15s 0d George Wood, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Woodey, private, £3 15s 0d John Wendall, private, £3 15s 0d William Webb, private, £3 15s 0d William Wickens, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Walton, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Williams, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Wh[...], private, £3 15s 0d Total for privates, £356 5s 0d Fourth Company Solomon St Maurice, captain, £59 6s 3d Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Thomas Statham, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Thomas Statham, £34 4s 4½d Walter Greentree, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Walter Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Walter Greentree, £34 4s 4½d Sergeants William Clifton, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Thomas Blake, sergeant, £7 10s 0d James York, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Thomas Francis, sergeant, £7 10s 0d William Bridgeford, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Joseph Dailey, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Total for sergeants, £45 0s 0d Carried forward, £3,060 18s 1d Interpretations Officers held civil and military posts together, just as the civil servants did. Solomon St Maurice drew £59 6s 3d as captain of the Fourth Company on top of £6 5s 0d as master at arms. Thomas Bazett added £36 14s 4½d as a lieutenant to his £25 0s 0d as superintendent of the works. Thomas Statham drew his lieutenant's pay and diet money here, alongside the £26 5s 0d he received as assistant surgeon. With so few educated men on the island, the Company used the same officers for engineering, medicine and police work as well as soldiering.
83	76	17th April Brought Over £ 3060 . 18 . 1 Corporals Viz. Walton Walker 5 . 5 Jacob Bone 5 . 5 . Saml. Johnson 5 . 5 . John Gorringe 5 . 5 Thos. Smith 5 . 5 . Willm. Hamilton 5 . 5 31 . 10 Drummers Viz. John Martin 5 . 5 William Venn 5 . 5 . 10 . 10 Private Viz. James Anderson 3 . 15 John Arden 3 . 15 Jeremiah Absbert 3 . 15 John Allen 3 . 15 Jacob Bull 3 . 15 . John Blenhorn 3 . 15 . Fredk. Willm. Beard 3 . 15 . James Brown Decd. 24 Jany. 1 .. Robt. Barff 3 . 15 . Willm. Bailey 3 . 15 . Thos. Beale 3 . 15 . John Barber 3 . 15 . John Brown 3 . 15 Jeffery Bond 3 . 15 . Robt. Bond 3 . 15 John Cook 3 . 15 Robt. Courts 3 . 15 Benjn. Courtney 3 . 15 . Geo Chevriott 3 . 15 James Curtis 3 . 15 James Cressey 3 . 15 . Maurice Downey 3 . 15 Robt. Downs 3 . 15 . Thomas Drury 3 . 15 . Peter Ditty Decd. 18 Feby. 2 .. 10 John Deane 3 . 15 Private Carried Over £ 93 .. 10 Carried Over £ 3102 . 18 . 1	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £3,060 18s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,060 18s 1d Corporals Hatten Walker, corporal, £5 5s 0d Jacob Penn, corporal, £5 5s 0d Samuel Johnson, corporal, £5 5s 0d John Grainge, corporal, £5 5s 0d Thomas Smith, corporal, £5 5s 0d William Hamilton, corporal, £5 5s 0d Total for corporals, £31 10s 0d Drummers John Martin, drummer, £5 5s 0d William Venn, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £10 10s 0d Privates James Anderson, private, £3 15s 0d John Arden, private, £3 15s 0d Jeremiah Abbutt, private, £3 15s 0d John Allen, private, £3 15s 0d Jacob Bull, private, £3 15s 0d John Blinkhorn, private, £3 15s 0d Frederick William Brand, private, £3 15s 0d James Brown, private, died 24 January 1775, £1 0s 0d Robert Buff, private, £3 15s 0d William Bailey, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Burke, private, £3 15s 0d John Barber, private, £3 15s 0d John Brown, private, £3 15s 0d Jeffery Bond, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Bond, private, £3 15s 0d John Cook, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Coutts, private, £3 15s 0d Benjamin Courtney, private, £3 15s 0d George Charnott, private, £3 15s 0d James Curtis, private, £3 15s 0d James Carsey, private, £3 15s 0d Maurice Conney, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Coons, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Curry, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Dilks, private, died 13 February 1775, £2 0s 10d John Deane, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £93 0s 10d Carried forward, £3,102 18s 1d Interpretations James Brown and Peter Dilks both died during the quarter, and each was paid only to the day of his death. The wages owed went to the soldier's estate, and the paymaster first deducted any debts for stores or clothing drawn on credit. The roll thus also served as a record of deaths in the garrison. It gave the date that settled each man's final account with the Company.
84	77	1775 Brought Over £ 3102 . 18 . 1 Private brought Over £ 93 .. 10 George Dadd 3 . 15 Jacob Davis 3 . 15 William Edwards 3 . 15 . Charles Edgels 3 . 15 . Thos. Elliot 3 . 15 John Ferguson 3 . 15 Thomas Ford 3 . 15 Charles Frazier 3 . 15 .. Owen Griffiths 3 . 15 . Robt. Green 3 . 15 John Gray 3 . 15 Felix Hyder 3 . 15 Willm. Hopkins 3 . 15 Joseph Holloway 3 . 15 Peter Higgens 3 . 15 Edward Hazell 3 . 15 . Saml. Harsant 3 . 15 . John Howe 3 . 15 Thos. Hayes 3 . 15 . John Harper 3 . 15 John Jacks 3 . 15 . Willm. Jamison 3 . 15 Joseph Jones 3 . 15 . Willm. Johnson 3 . 15 . James Kemp 3 . 15 John Kelly 3 . 15 Edward Lamburn 3 . 15 John Lane 3 . 15 Richard Moyce 3 . 15 Thos. Morris 3 . 15 Abm. Major 3 . 15 Joseph Martin 3 . 15 Charles Morris 3 . 15 Charles Mannsieur 3 . 15 Andw. Nodling 3 . 15 James Oliphant 3 . 15 Thos. Perry 3 . 15 Willm. Pickiss Private brought Over £ 235 . 10 . 10 . Carried Over £ 3102 . 18 . 1	Privates in the Fourth Company continued from a subtotal of £93 0s 10d, with the general total of £3,102 18s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,102 18s 1d Privates brought forward, £93 0s 10d George Dodd, private, £3 15s 0d Jacob Davis, private, £3 15s 0d William Edwards, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Edgels, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Elliot, private, £3 15s 0d John Ferguson, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Ford, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Frazier, private, £3 15s 0d Owen Griffiths, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Green, private, £3 15s 0d John Gray, private, £3 15s 0d Felix Hyder, private, £3 15s 0d William Hopkins, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Holloway, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Higgins, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Harell, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Vincent, private, £3 15s 0d John Home, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hayes, private, £3 15s 0d John Harper, private, £3 15s 0d John Jacks, private, £3 15s 0d William Jamison, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Jones, private, £3 15s 0d William Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d James Kemp, private, £3 15s 0d John Kelly, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Lamburn, private, £3 15s 0d John Lane, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Moyce, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Morris, private, £3 15s 0d Abraham Major, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Martin, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Morris, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Mannering, private, £3 15s 0d Andrew Nodling, private, £3 15s 0d James Oliphant, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Pons, private, £3 15s 0d William Purkiss, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £235 10s 10d Carried forward, £3,102 18s 1d
85	78	17th April Brought Over £ 3102 . 18 . 1 Private brought Over £ 235 . 10 . 10 William Powell 3 . 15 . David Pallen 3 . 15 .. Walter Pritchard 3 . 15 John Payne 3 . 15 .. John Power 3 . 15 . Geo. Richardson 3 . 15 . Mattw. Robinson 3 . 15 Adam Scott 3 . 15 Arthur Shell 3 . 15 Richd. Slaughter 3 . 15 David Stone 3 . 15 Stepn. Seymore 3 . 15 . Franl. Shamblier 3 . 15 . Andw. Stemard 3 . 15 . John Thompson Senr. to 11 Feby. 1 . 15 . Jacob Thompson 3 . 15 Thos. Taylor 3 . 15 Geo Tonns 3 . 15 . John Thompson Junr. 3 . 15 John Torders 3 . 15 Michl. Tooley 3 . 15 . Rudolph Tippner 3 . 15 .. Geo Varney to 27 March 3 . 11 . 3 Thos. Ward 3 . 15 Willm. Waller 3 . 15 Henry Williams 3 . 15 James Wood 3 . 15 James White 3 . 15 . Willm. Pratt from 27 March .. 4 . 2 Thos. Brown do. .. 4 . 2 Richd. Johnson from 30 do. .. 1 . 8 Phillip Paggett do. .. 1 . 3 Phillip Bailey do. .. 1 . 8 339 .. 10 Carried Over £ 3441 . 18 . 11	Privates in the Fourth Company continued from a subtotal of £235 10s 10d, with the general total of £3,102 18s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,102 18s 1d Privates brought forward, £235 10s 10d William Powell, private, £3 15s 0d David Patten, private, £3 15s 0d Walter Pritchard, private, £3 15s 0d John Payne, private, £3 15s 0d John Prior, private, £3 15s 0d George Richardson, private, £3 15s 0d Matthew Robinson, private, £3 15s 0d Adam Scott, private, £3 15s 0d Arthur Shell, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Slaughter, private, £3 15s 0d David Stone, private, £3 15s 0d Stephen Seymore, private, £3 15s 0d Francis Shambeir, private, £3 15s 0d Andrew Stoneman, private, £3 15s 0d John Thompson senior, private, to 11 February 1775, £1 15s 0d Jacob Thompson, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Taylor, private, £3 15s 0d George Towns, private, £3 15s 0d John Thompson junior, private, £3 15s 0d John Towns, private, £3 15s 0d Michael Tobey, private, £3 15s 0d Rudolph Teshay, private, £3 15s 0d George Varnes, private, to 27 March 1775, £3 11s 3d Thomas Ward, private, £3 15s 0d William Walker, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Wilkins, private, £3 15s 0d James Wood, private, £3 15s 0d James White, private, £3 15s 0d William Pratt, private, from 27 March 1775, £0 4s 2d Thomas Brown, private, from 27 March 1775, £0 4s 2d Richard Johnson, private, from 30 March 1775, £0 1s 8d Phillip Liggett, private, from 30 March 1775, £0 1s 8d Phillip Bailey, private, from 30 March 1775, £0 1s 8d Total for privates, £339 0s 10d Carried forward, £3,441 18s 11d Interpretations The Fourth Company took on five new privates at the end of March 1775, two from 27 March and three from 30 March. Taken with the men who joined the First and Second Companies on 30 March 1775, these entries showed recruits arriving in two batches during the last week of the quarter. The paymaster divided them among all the companies so that no company fell below strength after the losses of the winter.
86	79	1775 Brought Over £ 3441 . 18 . 11 Artillery Company Viz. James Tippet Captain Suspended from 13 January to 13 February 39 .. John Shirley Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Robt. Gillson Lieut. to 13 January 4 . 9 . 3 Sergeants Viz. John Whitchurch 9 .. John Turner 9 .. James Parfett 9 .. Samuel Ringrove 9 .. Willm. Stapleford 9 .. John Smith 9 .. 54 Corporals Viz. Thomas Yates 6 . 15 . Thos. Price 6 . 15 . Thos. Wade 6 . 15 Thos. Farr 6 . 15 John Love 6 . 15 Geo. Street to 21 Feby. 3 . 18 Jas. Munnings from 22 Feby. 2 . 17 .. 40 . 10 Bombardiers Viz. Jas. Munnings to 21 Feby. 3 . 18 . Nichl. Godfrey to 14 do. 3 . 7 . 6 James Campbell 6 . 15 John Mc. Nabb 6 . 15 James Dawson from 15 Feby. 3 . 7 . 6 Robt. Cunningham from 22 do. 2 . 17 27 Gunners Viz. James Dawson to 14 Feby. 3 .. Richd. Waterhouse 6 .. Robt. Cunningham 3 . 9 . 4 Gunners Carried Over Carried Over £ 3641 . 2 . 6½	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £3,441 18s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,441 18s 11d Artillery Company James Tippet, captain, suspended from 13 January to 13 February 1775, £39 0s 0d John Skelley, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d John Skelley, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for John Skelley, £34 4s 4½d Robert Gillson, lieutenant, to 13 January 1775, £4 9s 3d Sergeants John Whitchurch, sergeant, £9 0s 0d John Turner, sergeant, £9 0s 0d James Cassell, sergeant, £9 0s 0d Samuel Bengrove, sergeant, £9 0s 0d William Stapleford, sergeant, £9 0s 0d John Smith, sergeant, £9 0s 0d Total for sergeants, £54 0s 0d Corporals Thomas Yates, corporal, £6 15s 0d Thomas Price, corporal, £6 15s 0d Thomas Waite, corporal, £6 15s 0d Thomas Fear, corporal, £6 15s 0d John Love, corporal, £6 15s 0d George Street, corporal, to 21 February 1775, £3 18s 0d James Mannings, corporal, from 22 February 1775, £2 17s 0d Total for corporals, £40 10s 0d Bombardiers James Mannings, bombardier, to 21 February 1775, £3 18s 0d Nicholas Godfrey, bombardier, to 14 February 1775, £3 7s 6d James Campbell, bombardier, £6 15s 0d John McNabb, bombardier, £6 15s 0d James Dawson, bombardier, from 15 February 1775, £3 7s 6d Robert Cunningham, bombardier, from 22 February 1775, £2 17s 0d Total for bombardiers, £27 0s 0d Gunners James Dawson, gunner, to 14 February 1775, £3 0s 0d Richard Waterhouse, gunner, £6 0s 0d Robert Cunningham, gunner, to 21 February 1775, £3 9s 4d Carried forward, £3,641 2s 6½d Interpretations Robert Gillson's pay as lieutenant stopped on 13 January 1775, the same day James Tippet's suspension began. Gillson was dismissed after his quarrel with Tippet, and the paymaster closed his account on the day the dispute came to a head. Tippet drew £39 0s 0d as captain, about £20 less than the £59 6s 3d paid to the infantry captains. The difference matched the month he spent under suspension, so his captain's pay was cut in the same way as his pay as engineer. The Artillery Company paid every rank more than the infantry did. A sergeant drew £9 0s 0d against £7 10s 0d, and a corporal £6 15s 0d against £5 5s 0d. Gunnery required skill in handling powder, laying guns and judging range, and the higher rates helped the Company keep trained men. A bombardier ranked between a corporal and a gunner and was trained to handle mortars and shells. Two vacancies in February 1775 each moved a man up through two ranks. When Nicholas Godfrey left on 14 February, the gunner James Dawson became a bombardier the next day. When George Street left on 21 February, the bombardier James Mannings became a corporal, and the gunner Robert Cunningham took Mannings's place as bombardier. Each man's pay changed on the exact day of his promotion.
87	80	17th April Brought Over £ 3641 . 2 . 6½ Gunners brought Over £ 12 . 9 . 4 Saml. Packer 6 .. Joseph Peale 6 .. Mark Balls 6 Thos. Allsworth 6 .. John Blackwell 6 .. Richd. Morgan to 21 Feby. 3 . 9 . 4 Wm. Hammilton from 15 do. 3 .. James Baird from 22 do. 2 . 10 . 8 Thos. Tilley from 22 do. 2 . 10 . 8 54 .. Drummers Viz. Joseph Branson 5 . 5 Peter Fox 5 . 5 . 10 . 10 Matrosses Viz. William Allen 4 . 10 John Anderson 4 . 10 . James Anderson 4 . 10 Chas. Abraham 4 . 10 Richd. Akers 4 . 10 . Benjn. Burton 4 . 10 Joseph Bowman 4 . 10 John Barchard 4 . 10 Stephen Barrett 4 . 10 Thos. Bowen 4 . 10 . James Baird to 21 Feby. 2 . 12 Thos. Blake from 30 March .. 2 . John Cope 4 . 10 John Coleman 4 . 10 Mattw. Craven 4 . 10 John Corbett 4 . 10 Thos. Connell 4 . 10 John Clark 4 . 10 Anthy. Clark 4 . 10 Isaac Clark 4 . 10 James Dunn Dischd. 27 March 4 . 6 Robt. Davidson 4 . 10 Matrosses Carried Over £ 92 . 10 Carried Over £ 3705 . 12 . 6½	The gunners of the Artillery Company continued from a subtotal of £12 9s 4d, with the general total of £3,641 2s 6½d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,641 2s 6½d Gunners brought forward, £12 9s 4d Samuel Parker, gunner, £6 0s 0d Joseph Peele, gunner, £6 0s 0d Mark Balls, gunner, £6 0s 0d Thomas Allsworth, gunner, £6 0s 0d John Blackwell, gunner, £6 0s 0d Richard Morgan, gunner, to 21 February 1775, £3 9s 4d William Hamilton, gunner, from 15 February 1775, £3 0s 0d James Baird, gunner, from 22 February 1775, £2 10s 8d Thomas Tiller, gunner, from 22 February 1775, £2 10s 8d Total for gunners, £54 0s 0d Drummers Joseph Branson, drummer, £5 5s 0d Peter Fox, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £10 10s 0d Matrosses William Allen, matross, £4 10s 0d John Anderson, matross, £4 10s 0d James Anderson, matross, £4 10s 0d Charles Abraham, matross, £4 10s 0d Richard Achors, matross, £4 10s 0d Benjamin Burton, matross, £4 10s 0d Joseph Bowman, matross, £4 10s 0d John Burchard, matross, £4 10s 0d Stephen Barrett, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Bowen, matross, £4 10s 0d James Baird, matross, to 21 February 1775, £2 12s 0d Thomas Blake, matross, from 30 March 1775, £0 2s 0d John Cope, matross, £4 10s 0d John Coleman, matross, £4 10s 0d Matthew Craven, matross, £4 10s 0d John Corbett, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Connell, matross, £4 10s 0d John Clark, matross, £4 10s 0d Anthony Clark, matross, £4 10s 0d Isaac Clark, matross, £4 10s 0d James Burn, matross, died 27 March 1775, £4 6s 0d Robert Davidson, matross, £4 10s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £92 10s 0d Carried forward, £3,705 12s 6½d Interpretations The artillery filled its gunners' places from its own matrosses. When Dawson and Cunningham were promoted to bombardier and Richard Morgan left on 21 February 1775, three gunners' places fell vacant. William Hamilton filled the first from 15 February 1775. The matross James Baird and Thomas Tiller filled the other two from 22 February 1775. A matross learned the guns by hauling, loading and sponging them under the gunners. Promotion from within kept trained hands in the skilled posts, so the company never had to put a raw recruit in charge of a gun.
88	81	1775 Brought Over £ 3705 . 12 . 6½ Matrosses brought Over £ 92 . 10 John Custon 4 . 10 Joseph Fellows 4 . 10 Joseph Tomlinson 4 . 10 Willm. Fairceff 4 . 10 Christ. Greenawald 4 . 10 Thos. Gorrall Disch. 27 March 4 . 6 . Thos. Green 4 . 10 Richd. Gibbs 4 . 10 Charles Guerson 4 . 10 Nichl. Godfrey from 15 to dischd. 16 .. 2 . Owen Howard 4 . 10 Mullins Hooper 4 . 10 Willm. Harrison 4 . 10 Mayd. Hayes 4 . 10 Willm. Hurst 4 . 10 Willm. Holloway 4 . 10 .. John Hyde 4 . 10 .. Willm. Hamilton to 14 Feby. 2 . 5 James Judge 4 . 10 Thos. Jones 4 . 10 Edw. Joyce from 31 March .. 2 Mattw. Kernan 4 . 10 Simon Kernan 4 . 10 John Lemmon 4 . 10 .. John Leedham 4 . 10 . Willm. Long 4 . 10 Geo Marshall 4 . 10 John Moore 4 . 10 John Mann 4 . 10 Evans Martin 4 . 10 Willm. Mc. Beth 4 . 10 Patk. Mc. Donald 4 . 10 Patk. Murphy 4 . 10 Richard Morgan from 22 Feby. 1 . 18 Thos. Nimble 4 . 10 Richd. Pearce 4 . 10 John Packer 4 . 10 James Price 4 . 10 William Robinson Matrosses Carried Over £ 254 . 3 . Carried Over £ 3705 . 12 . 6½	The matrosses of the Artillery Company continued from a subtotal of £92 10s 0d, with the general total of £3,705 12s 6½d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,705 12s 6½d Matrosses brought forward, £92 10s 0d John Euston, matross, £4 10s 0d Joseph Fellows, matross, £4 10s 0d Joseph Fenlinson, matross, £4 10s 0d William Fancliff, matross, £4 10s 0d Christopher Greenawald, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Gorall, matross, died 27 March 1775, £4 6s 0d Thomas Green, matross, £4 10s 0d Richard Gibbs, matross, £4 10s 0d Charles Grierson, matross, £4 10s 0d Nicholas Godfrey, matross, from 15 February 1775, died 16 February 1775, £0 2s 0d Owen Howard, matross, £4 10s 0d Mullis Hooper, matross, £4 10s 0d William Hannsen, matross, £4 10s 0d Maynard Hayes, matross, £4 10s 0d William Hurst, matross, £4 10s 0d William Holloway, matross, £4 10s 0d John Hyde, matross, £4 10s 0d William Hamilton, matross, to 14 February 1775, £2 5s 0d James Judge, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Jones, matross, £4 10s 0d Edward Joyce, matross, from 30 March 1775, £0 2s 0d Matthew Laggan, matross, £4 10s 0d Simon Kannan, matross, £4 10s 0d John Lemmon, matross, £4 10s 0d John Leedham, matross, £4 10s 0d William Long, matross, £4 10s 0d George Marshall, matross, £4 10s 0d John Moore, matross, £4 10s 0d John Mann, matross, £4 10s 0d Enos Martin, matross, £4 10s 0d William McBeth, matross, £4 10s 0d Patrick McDonald, matross, £4 10s 0d Patrick Murphy, matross, £4 10s 0d Richard Morgan, matross, from 22 February 1775, £1 18s 0d Thomas Nimble, matross, £4 10s 0d Richard Pearce, matross, £4 10s 0d John Parker, matross, £4 10s 0d James Price, matross, £4 10s 0d William Robinson, matross, £4 10s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £254 3s 0d Carried forward, £3,705 12s 6½d Interpretations Nicholas Godfrey and Richard Morgan did not leave the Artillery Company. Each was reduced to matross on the day after his higher pay stopped. Godfrey fell from bombardier to matross on 15 February 1775 and died the next day, so his reduction may have come when illness left him unfit for his duties. Morgan dropped from gunner to matross on 22 February 1775, the same day that James Baird and Thomas Tiller were made gunners. The run of promotions in February 1775 thus began with two men being broken, not with deaths or discharges. William Hamilton's place in the matrosses ended on 14 February 1775 and his gunner's pay began the next day. The record for each soldier therefore matched day for day across the ranks, so that no man was ever paid twice for the same day or left unpaid between two posts.
89	82	17th April Brought Over £ 3705 . 12 . 6½ Matrosses brought Over £ 254 . 3 Robert Ryley 4 . 10 Charles Russell 4 . 10 Abraham Renew 4 . 10 Thos. Richardson 4 . 10 Richd. Rowlands 4 . 10 James Renton 4 . 10 William Smith Junr. 4 . 10 William Smith Senr. 4 . 10 Richard Smith 4 . 10 William Shore 4 . 10 Thomas Sabrey 4 . 10 Michl. Scully 4 . 10 Richard Speight 4 . 10 Jn. Hend. Sowerlander 4 . 10 George Street from 22 Feby. 1 . 18 John Thompson 4 . 10 Thos. Tilley to 21 Feby. 2 . 12 John Willson 4 . 10 Saml. Wood 4 . 10 Robt. Wood 4 . 10 John White Disch. 27 March 4 . 6 William Weeden 4 . 10 John Wilkinson Senr. 4 . 10 John Wilkinson Junr. 4 . 10 Edward Ware 4 . 10 Willm. Weaver 4 . 10 Willm. West 4 . 10 Matrosses Carried Over £ 370 . 19 Carried Over £ 3705 . 12 . 6½	The matrosses of the Artillery Company continued from a subtotal of £254 3s 0d, with the general total of £3,705 12s 6½d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,705 12s 6½d Matrosses brought forward, £254 3s 0d Robert Ryley, matross, £4 10s 0d Charles Russell, matross, £4 10s 0d Abraham Renew, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Richardson, matross, £4 10s 0d Richard Rowlands, matross, £4 10s 0d James Renton, matross, £4 10s 0d William Smith junior, matross, £4 10s 0d William Smith senior, matross, £4 10s 0d Richard Smith, matross, £4 10s 0d William Shore, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Sabey, matross, £4 10s 0d Michael Sculley, matross, £4 10s 0d Richard Speight, matross, £4 10s 0d John Hendrick Soulander, matross, £4 10s 0d George Street, matross, from 22 February 1775, £1 18s 0d John Thompson, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Tiller, matross, to 21 February 1775, £2 12s 0d John Willson, matross, £4 10s 0d Samuel Wood, matross, £4 10s 0d Robert Ward, matross, £4 10s 0d John White, matross, died 27 March 1775, £4 6s 0d William Weeden, matross, £4 10s 0d John Wilkinson senior, matross, £4 10s 0d John Wilkinson junior, matross, £4 10s 0d Edward Ware, matross, £4 10s 0d William Weaver, matross, £4 10s 0d William West, matross, £4 10s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £370 19s 0d Carried forward, £3,705 12s 6½d Interpretations John White, Thomas Gorall and James Burn, all matrosses, died on the same day, 27 March 1775. Three deaths in one company on a single date did not fit the pattern of illness, which in the infantry struck men one at a time on separate days. The three men probably died together in a single event, perhaps an accident at the guns or the loss of a boat. The pay list recorded only the date, and the cause would have to be found in the consultations of that week. George Street, who had been a corporal of artillery until 21 February 1775, served as a matross from the next day. He was therefore reduced two ranks at once, a heavier punishment than the single step taken from Morgan and Godfrey in the same month.
90	83	1775 Brought Over £ 3705 . 12 . 6½ Matrosses brought Over £ 370 . 19 .. Thomas Wallington 4 . 10 .. Andrew Stark 4 . 10 .. Willm. Gissing Fifer 4 . 10 .. 384 . 9 .. Pensioners Viz. Nathan Sample 13 . 15 . 11 Michael Frost 13 . 15 . 11 Mary Beale 7 . 10 .. Elizabeth Kennedy 7 . 10 .. 42 . 11 . 10 £ 4132 . 13 . 4½	` The matrosses of the Artillery Company continued from a subtotal of £370 19s 0d, with the general total of £3,705 12s 6½d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,705 12s 6½d Matrosses brought forward, £370 19s 0d Thomas Wallington, matross, £4 10s 0d Andrew Stark, matross, £4 10s 0d William Gissing, fifer, £4 10s 0d Total for matrosses, £384 9s 0d Pensioners Nathan Sample, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Michael Frost, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Mary Beale, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Kennedy, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Total for pensioners, £42 11s 10d Total pay for the quarter, £4,139 13s 4½d Interpretations The Company paid pensions to two men and two women out of the island's own funds. Nathan Sample and Michael Frost each drew £13 15s 11d a quarter, more than three times a private's pay. They were perhaps former officers or long-serving civil servants retired on the island, where passage home would have cost more than they could pay. Mary Beale and Elizabeth Kennedy were probably widows of Company servants, each granted a fixed sum of £7 10s 0d. These pensions bound the settlers more closely to the Company. A man who served long and faithfully knew that he, or his widow, would not be left destitute on an island with no other source of relief. The quarter's pay came to £4,139 13s 4½d, or more than £16,500 a year. The four infantry companies and the artillery took the greater part of it. The garrison thus cost the Company far more than the island's civil government, which showed that the Court of Directors valued St Helena chiefly as a fortified station on the route to the East.
91	84	17th April Dr. William Wrangham 1775 Jany. 31 To Cash received from the Chest £ 5136 . 9 . 9½ Carried Over £ 5136 . 9 . 9½	William Wrangham, as paymaster, was charged with the cash he drew from the Company's treasury chest during the quarter. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit 31 March 1775, cash received from the treasury chest, £5,186 9s 9½d Carried forward, £5,186 9s 9½d Interpretations The paymaster's account opened with a single sum drawn from the chest, against which every payment he made would be set on the credit side. Wrangham took £5,186 9s 9½d, which was more than the £4,139 13s 4½d paid in salaries and wages. The remainder would have covered other payments in his charge, such as bills for work, labour and goods bought locally. He had to show where every penny went before the Council would approve his account and clear him of the sum.
92	85	Paymaster Cr. 1775 Jany. 1 By Cash paid Adam Evans for repairing Saddlery .. 19 . 8 By do. paid for bringing Goods from the Crane received from Ship Alfred 1 . 17 . 9 By do. paid John Robinson for the following to repair the Lieu. Governors and Plantation House 90 Rafters @ 1/ £ 4 . 10 .. 60 Ground Joists @ 7½ 1 . 17 . 6 5 Load Laths @ 2/6 .. 12 . 6 5 Binders @ 2/6 .. 12 . 6 7 . 12 . 6 By do. paid the Clerk of Arraignments Viz. For Joyce Black .. 7 . 6 For three Receipts .. 15 . 1 . 2 . 6 By do. paid Jones for taking a run away Black .. 10 By do. paid the Widow Preston a Quarters allowance @ 8/ pr. Week 5 . 4 . By do. paid Orlando Bagley for the following Viz. 18 Ewe Sheep £ 20 . 14 . 9 Weathers 9 . 9 . 7 Half Grown 5 . 10 . 3 1 Lamb .. 10 . 6 36 . 3 . 9 By do. paid Jno. Desfountain for the following Viz. 10 Ewe Sheep 11 . 10 . 5 Weathers 5 . 5 16 . 15 By do. paid Captain Bazett for the following Viz. 20 Ewe Sheep 23 .. .. 15 Goats 7 . 10 . 30 . 10 By do. paid Geo Alexander for 3 Ewe Sheep & 3 Weathers 6 . 12 By do. paid for the following Sheep bot. of Sundrys 5 Ewe Sheep 5 . 15 9 Weathers 9 . 9 15 . 4 Carried Over £ 122 . 11 . 2	The credit side of the paymaster's account recorded his payments from 1 January 1775. Paymaster, credit 1 January 1775 onwards Adam Evans, for repairing saddlery, £0 19s 8d Carrying goods from the crane, landed from the ship Alfred, £1 17s 9d John Robinson, for timber to repair the Lieutenant Governor's house and Plantation House Rafters, 90 at 1s each, £4 10s 0d Ground joists, 60 at 7½d each, £1 17s 6d Lead laths, 5 at 2s 6d each, £0 12s 6d Binders, 5 at 2s 6d each, £0 12s 6d Total paid to John Robinson, £7 12s 6d Clerk of arraignments Fees for two [...], £0 7s 6d Fees for three receipts, £0 15s 0d Total paid to the clerk of arraignments, £1 2s 6d Jones, for catching a runaway slave, £0 10s 0d Widow Preston, a quarter's allowance at 8s a week, £5 4s 0d Orlando Bagley, for livestock Ewes, 15, £20 14s 0d Wethers, 9, £9 9s 0d Half-grown sheep, 7, £5 10s 3d Lamb, 1, £0 16s 6d Total paid to Orlando Bagley, £36 3s 9d James Desfountain, for livestock Ewes, 10, £11 10s 0d Wethers, 5, £5 5s 0d Total paid to James Desfountain, £16 15s 0d Captain Bazett, for livestock Ewes, 20, £23 0s 0d Goats, 15, £7 10s 0d Total paid to Captain Bazett, £30 10s 0d George Alexander, for 3 ewes and 3 wethers, £6 12s 0d Sheep bought from various people Ewes, 5, £5 15s 0d Wethers, 9, £9 9s 0d Total for sheep from various people, £15 4s 0d Carried forward, £122 11s 2d Interpretations Most of these payments went to rebuild the Company's flock, which grew from 215 to 427 head by March 1775. The Company paid islanders far more for their sheep than it paid passing ships. A ewe from Orlando Bagley or Captain Bazett cost about £1 3s 0d, while the 60 sheep bought from the Ceres on 12 April 1775 cost 15s each. The island's sheep were acclimatised and in breeding condition, while ships' sheep arrived thin after months at sea and were fit mainly for slaughter. Buying locally also put Company money into the hands of the settlers and officers who had stock to sell. The 10s paid to Jones for catching a runaway slave was a standing reward. The Company paid any islander who brought back an escaped slave, which made every inhabitant a watcher on the hills and in the valleys. On so small an island a runaway could hide for a while but had no way to leave, and the reward made sure his freedom was short. Widow Preston's allowance of 8s a week was a form of poor relief paid in cash, separate from the formal pensions on the pay list. A binder was a horizontal timber that tied rafters or joists together, and a ground joist was a beam laid directly on the ground to carry a floor.
93	86	17th April Dr. William Wrangham 1775 March To Cash brought Over £ 5136 . 9 . 9½ Carried Over £ 5136 . 9 . 9½	The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster carried forward the cash he had drawn from the treasury chest. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit March 1775, cash brought forward, £5,186 9s 9½d Carried forward, £5,186 9s 9½d
94	87	Paymaster Cr. 1775 March Brought Over £ 122 . 11 . 2 By Cash paid for 15 Doz. Bottles & 6 Gross of Corks 1 . 16 By do. paid Mrs. Mc. Allester Midwife for attendg. one of the Company's Black Women in Child Birth 1 .. By do. paid Captain Riddell for a Long Boat 45 .. By do. paid for Garden Seeds from the Cape omitted to be paid him on his last Voyage 5 .. By do. paid Rent for a Shop for the Doctor 5 .. By do. paid for 330 lb Bread @ 2d 31 . 14 . By do. paid Thos. Hendcock for attending for attending on the Hospital 2 . 10 By do. paid Thos. Jordan for workg. in the Long Wood 3 . 17 . By do. paid James Proctor for Sewing 6 . 15 By do. paid the Fife Major for teaching the Young Fifers 2 . 5 By do. paid for 8 Loads of Binders to Thatch the Black Agency 1 .. By do. paid for 12 Wine Glasses .. 8 By do. paid Nogueda Poccolum & Miss Tunge their Allowance for Salt Provisions &c. 6 . 11 . By do. paid Benjn. Seale for overseeing the Plantations 3 . 3 By do. paid for Baking 195 Batches of Bread for the Garrison @ 1/9 17 . 1 . 3 By do. paid the Lieut. Govr. for Mutton 3 .. By do. paid House Rent for a Room to hold the Quarterly Sessions 3 .. By do. paid the Marshall and Goaler for punishments and Imprisonments 1 . 11 . 2 By do. paid the Surgeon of the Osterly for his Care of 8 Recruits on their Passage to this Island 2 .. By Cash paid the followg. Men for Enlisting to serve the Honble. Company five Years as Soldiers subject to the Articles of War their respective times to commence as follows Viz. Thomas Brown William Pratt 27 March 1775 £ 3 .. 3 .. 6 .. Carried Over £ 271 . 1 . 8	The paymaster's payments continued into March 1775 from the total of £122 11s 2d brought forward. Brought forward, £122 11s 2d March 1775 Bottles, 15 dozen, and corks, 6 gross, £1 16s 0d Mrs McAllister, midwife, for attending one of the Company's slave women in childbirth, £1 0s 0d Captain Biddle, for a longboat, £45 0s 0d Captain Biddle, for garden seeds from the Cape, left unpaid on his last voyage, £5 0s 0d Rent of a shop for the [...], £5 0s 0d Bread, [...] lb at 2d per lb, £31 14s 0d Thomas Hancock, for attending at the hospital, £2 10s 0d Thomas Seaton, for work on the longboat, £3 17s 0d James Proctor, for sewing, £6 15s 0d The fife major, for teaching the young fifers, £2 5s 0d Binders to thatch the slaves' yard, 8 loads, £1 0s 0d Wine glasses, 12, £0 8s 0d Nocquedo, Porcolan and Massjunge, their allowance in place of salt provisions, £6 11s 0d Benjamin Sack, for overseeing the plantations, £3 9s 0d Baking bread for the garrison, 195 batches at 1s 9d each, £17 1s 3d The Lieutenant Governor, for mutton, £3 0s 0d Rent of a room for holding the quarterly courts, £3 0s 0d The marshal and gaoler, for punishments and imprisonments, £1 10s 2d The surgeon of the Osterley, for his care of 8 recruits on their voyage to the island, £2 0s 0d Bounty to men enlisting as soldiers for five years under the Articles of War Thomas Brown, from 27 March 1775, £3 0s 0d William Pratt, from 27 March 1775, £3 0s 0d Total bounty, £6 0s 0d Carried forward, £271 1s 8d Interpretations The payments showed where the new soldiers of late March 1775 came from. Thomas Brown and William Pratt enlisted on the island on 27 March 1775 for a bounty of £3 0s 0d each, and they were the two men who joined the Fourth Company that day. They were probably seamen or settlers who chose the Company's service. The eight recruits who travelled out from England on the Osterley account for the batch entered in the companies from 30 March 1775. The surgeon of the Osterley was paid 5s a head for keeping them alive and fit on the voyage, so the Company rewarded each recruit landed in working health. The Company paid a midwife to attend one of its slave women in childbirth. A child born to a Company slave became Company property in turn, so a safe birth added to the labour force at no cost beyond the fee. Nocquedo, Porcolan and Massjunge, whose names marked them as Malays, received cash in place of salt meat. They were perhaps Muslims who would not eat the pork that made up most of the island's salt provisions. The marshal and gaoler was paid by the punishment, so the cost of discipline appeared case by case in the paymaster's account. The 195 batches baked for the garrison in one quarter came to about two a day, which showed the bakehouse working without break to supply the troops.
95	88	17th April Dr. William Wrangham 1775 March To Cash brought Over £ 5136 . 9 . 9½ Carried Over £ 5136 . 9 . 9½	The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster again carried forward the cash he had drawn from the treasury chest, unchanged. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit March 1775, cash brought forward, £5,186 9s 9½d Carried forward, £5,186 9s 9½d
96	89	Paymaster Cr. 1775 March Brought Over £ 271 . 1 . 8 By Cash paid the following Discharged Men Relisting to serve the Honble. Company five Years longer as Soldiers subject to the Articles of War their respective times to Commence as follows Viz. Benjn. Courtney 29 Jany. 1775 £ 10 John Turner 24 Feby. 10 Saml. Harsant 27 March 10 John Bull 10 Gregory Sutherwood 10 Thos. Williams 10 Willm. Parker 10 William Pickiss 10 Charles Abraham 10 Saml. Johnson 10 21 March 1775 Timothy Bryson 10 Thomas Walls 10 John Morriss 10 Henry Kirkham 10 Patrick Conner 10 Thomas Rogers 10 John Martin 10 William Allen 10 Thos. Windall 10 22 do. John Sheens 10 Thos. Jones 10 John Allen 10 23 do. 220 By do. paid for the following Work done repairg. Pasture Walls and Ladder Hill Road Viz. 46 Days Labourers @ 1/ £ 2 . 6 . 10 do. Masons @ 1/6 .. 15 . 3 . 1 Carried Over £ 494 . 2 . 8	The paymaster's payments for March 1775 continued from the total of £271 1s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £271 1s 8d Bounty to discharged soldiers re-enlisting for five more years under the Articles of War Benjamin Courtney, from 29 January 1775, £10 0s 0d John Turner, from 24 February 1775, £10 0s 0d Samuel Vincent, from 27 March 1775, £10 0s 0d John Bull, from 27 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Gregory Southerwood, from 21 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Thomas Williams, from 21 March 1775, £10 0s 0d William Parker, from 21 March 1775, £10 0s 0d William Purkiss, from 21 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Charles Abraham, from 21 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Samuel Johnson, from 21 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Timothy Bryan, from 22 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Thomas Watts, from 22 March 1775, £10 0s 0d John Morris, from 22 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Henry Kirkham, from 22 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Patrick Conner, from 22 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Thomas Rogers, from 22 March 1775, £10 0s 0d John Martin, from 22 March 1775, £10 0s 0d William Allen, from 22 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Thomas Windall, from 22 March 1775, £10 0s 0d John Stevens, from 23 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Thomas Jones, from 23 March 1775, £10 0s 0d John Allen, from 23 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Total bounty for re-enlisting, £220 0s 0d Work on the pasture walls and the Ladder Hill road Labourers, 46 days at 1s a day, £2 6s 0d Masons, 10 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 15s 0d Total for the work, £3 1s 0d Carried forward, £494 2s 8d Interpretations The Company paid £10 0s 0d to each soldier who re-enlisted at the end of his term, more than three times the £3 0s 0d bounty given to a new recruit. A seasoned soldier already knew his drill, the island and its guns, and he had survived the sickness that often struck newcomers. Replacing him meant shipping out a raw man from England at the cost of his passage and keep, and the Osterley's surgeon was paid for his care on the way. Twenty-two men took the bounty in the quarter, most of them within three days in late March 1775. The timing suggests that the terms of a large draft enlisted together five years earlier all ran out at once, and the Company set out to keep as many of them as it could. The re-enlisting men came from every company and every rank. They included John Stevens, a sergeant of the Second Company, and the matross Charles Abraham. The bounty thus worked as a general retention scheme across the whole garrison, not a reward for any one rank.
97	90	17th April Dr. William Wrangham 1775 March To Cash brought Over £ 5136 . 9 . 9½ Carried Over £ 5136 . 9 . 9½	The cash William Wrangham had drawn from the treasury chest was carried forward again, unchanged, on the debit side of his account as paymaster. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit March 1775, cash brought forward, £5,186 9s 9½d Carried forward, £5,186 9s 9½d
98	91	Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 494 . 2 . 8 By Cash paid for the following Work at the New Houses 48 Days Overseers @ 2/ £ 4 . 16 . 20 do. do. @ 1/6 1 . 10 . 1263 do. Labourers @ 1/ 63 . 3 . 9 do. Masons @ 1/6 .. 13 . 6 32 do. Carpenters @ 1/6 2 . 18 . 6 do. Painters @ 1/6 .. 9 . 10 do. Smiths @ 1/6 .. 15 . 6 do. Sawyers @ 1/6 .. 9 . 18 do. Stone Blowers @ 1/6 1 . 7 . 76 .. 6 By do. paid for the following Work done at the Castle Viz. 27 Days Painters @ 1/6 £ 2 .. 6 54 do. Plaisterers @ 1/6 4 . 1 . 14 do. Carpenters @ 1/6 1 . 1 . 24 do. Overseers @ 2/ 2 . 8 . 9 do. do. @ 1/6 .. 13 . 6 379 do. Labourers @ 1/ 18 . 19 . 5 do. Sawyers @ 1/6 .. 7 . 6 29 . 10 . 6 By do. paid for the following Work done makg. a Butt & Range at Ruperts 89 Days Masons @ 1/6 £ 6 . 13 . 6 20 do. Smiths @ 1/6 1 . 10 . 87 do. Overseers @ 1/6 6 . 10 . 6 2411 do. Labourers @ 1/ 120 . 11 . 2 do. Stone Blowers @ 1/6 .. 3 . 8 do. Carpenters @ 1/6 .. 12 . 6 do. Painters @ 1/6 .. 9 . 136 . 9 . By do. paid for the following Work done repairg. Boats 52 Days Carpenters @ 1/6 £ 3 . 18 . 3 do. Painters @ 1/6 .. 9 . 4 . 7 .. Carried Over £ 740 . 9 . 8	The paymaster's payments for March 1775 continued from the total of £494 2s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £494 2s 8d Work at the new houses Overseers, 48 days at 2s a day, £4 16s 0d Overseers, 20 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 10s 0d Labourers, 1,263 days at 1s a day, £63 3s 0d Masons, 9 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 13s 6d Carpenters, 32 days at 1s 6d a day, £2 18s 0d Painters, 6 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 9s 0d Smiths, 10 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 15s 0d Sawyers, 6 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 9s 0d Stone blasters, 18 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 7s 0d Total for the new houses, £76 0s 6d Work at the Castle Painters, 27 days at 1s 6d a day, £2 0s 6d Plasterers, 54 days at 1s 6d a day, £4 1s 0d Carpenters, 14 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 1s 0d Overseers, 24 days at 2s a day, £2 8s 0d Overseers, 9 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 13s 6d Labourers, 379 days at 1s a day, £18 19s 0d Sawyers, 5 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 7s 6d Total for the Castle, £29 10s 6d Work on the butt and range at Rupert's Masons, 89 days at 1s 6d a day, £6 13s 6d Smiths, 20 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 10s 0d Overseers, 87 days at 1s 6d a day, £6 10s 6d Labourers, 2,411 days at 1s a day, £120 11s 0d Stone blasters, 2 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 3s 0d Carpenters, 8 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 12s 0d Painters, 6 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 9s 0d Total for the butt and range, £136 9s 0d Work repairing the boats Carpenters, 52 days at 1s 6d a day, £3 18s 0d Painters, 6 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 9s 0d Total for the boats, £4 7s 0d Carried forward, £740 9s 8d Interpretations Labour cost far more than materials on the Company's building works. The butt and range at Rupert's took £136 9s 0d in wages in one quarter, against about £26 0s 0d in stores charged to fortifications. Almost all of it went on 2,411 days of unskilled labour at 1s a day, the digging, carrying and levelling needed to shape a range out of a rocky valley. The workers were probably soldiers of the garrison earning extra pay on fatigue duty, since the island had few free labourers and the Company's slaves were not paid wages. The pay scale had three steps. Labourers earned 1s a day, skilled men such as masons, carpenters, smiths and painters 1s 6d, and the senior overseers 2s. Stone blasters broke rock with gunpowder, drilling holes, packing them with powder and firing them. Their work was needed for both the new houses and the range, since St Helena's volcanic rock lay close under thin soil.
99	92	17th April Dr. William Wrangham 1775 March To Cash brought Over £ 5136 . 9 . 9½ Carried Over £ 5136 . 9 . 9½	On the debit side of his paymaster's account, William Wrangham's cash from the treasury chest was once more carried forward unchanged. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit March 1775, cash brought forward, £5,186 9s 9½d Carried forward, £5,186 9s 9½d
100	93	Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 740 . 9 . 8 By Cash paid for the following Work done Burning and bringing Lime 86 Days Lime Burners @ 1/6 £ 6 . 9 . 76 do. Overseers @ 1/6 5 . 14 . 41 do. Coxswains @ 1/6 3 . 1 . 6 78 do. Sailmakers @ 1/6 5 . 17 . 847 do. Labourers @ 1/ 42 . 7 . 63 . 7 . 6 By do. paid for the following Work done making a Road to the Long Wood 42 Days Overseers @ 1/6 £ 3 . 3 . 468½ do. Labourers @ 1/ 23 . 8 . 6 26 . 11 . 6 By do. paid for the following Work makg. a Cart for the Plantn. 15 Days Carpenters @ 1/6 £ 1 . 2 . 6 9 do. Smiths @ 1/6 .. 13 . 6 1 . 16 . By do. paid for the following Work makg. two Store Rooms 6 Days Overseers @ 2/ £ .. 12 . 43 do. do. @ 1/6 3 . 4 . 6 24 do. Smiths @ 1/6 1 . 16 . 816 do. Labourers @ 1/ 40 . 16 . 52 do. Mason @ 1/6 3 . 18 . 121½ do. Stone Blowers @ 1/6 9 . 1 . 1 28 do. Carpenters @ 1/6 2 . 2 . 12 do. Sawyers @ 1/6 .. 18 . 62 . 7 . 7 By do. paid 80 Days Smiths Work Cleaning and repairing small Arms @ 1/6 6 .. Carried Over £ 901 . 2 . 3	The paymaster's payments for March 1775 continued from the total of £740 9s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £740 9s 8d Work burning lime and bringing it in Lime burners, 86 days at 1s 6d a day, £6 9s 0d Overseers, 76 days at 1s 6d a day, £5 14s 0d Boatmen, 41 days at 1s 6d a day, £3 1s 6d Sailmakers, 78 days at 1s 6d a day, £5 17s 0d Labourers, 847 days at 1s a day, £42 7s 0d Total for the lime, £62 17s 6d Work making a road to Longwood Overseers, 42 days at 1s 6d a day, £3 3s 0d Labourers, 468½ days at 1s a day, £23 8s 6d Total for the road, £26 11s 6d Work making a cart for the plantation Carpenters, 15 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 2s 6d Smiths, 9 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 13s 6d Total for the cart, £1 16s 0d Work building two storerooms Overseers, 6 days at 2s a day, £0 12s 0d Overseers, 43 days at 1s 6d a day, £3 4s 6d Smiths, 24 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 16s 0d Labourers, 816 days at 1s a day, £40 16s 0d Masons, 52 days at 1s 6d a day, £3 18s 0d Stone blasters, 121½ days at 1s 6d a day, £9 1s 0d Carpenters, 28 days at 1s 6d a day, £2 2s 0d Sawyers, 12 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 18s 0d Total for the storerooms, £62 7s 7d Smiths, 80 days at 1s 6d a day, cleaning and repairing small arms, £6 0s 0d Carried forward, £901 2s 3d Interpretations The lime works employed sailmakers and boatmen as well as burners and labourers. The sailmakers spent 78 days sewing and mending the canvas bags in which the lime was carried, the same bags for which sail needles, lines and candle tallow were issued from the stores. The boatmen show that much of the lime travelled by sea. The kilns stood near the coast where shell and suitable rock could be gathered, and boats carried the lime round to James Bay. Moving it by water saved hauling heavy loads up and down the island's steep valleys. The road to Longwood opened the high plateau in the east of the island to carts. Longwood held the Company's best pasture, and a cart road let the farm send produce down and take supplies up without relying on pack animals. The new cart built for the plantation the same quarter suggests the two works were planned together.
101	94	17th April Dr. William Wrangham 1775 March To Cash brought Over £ 5136 . 9 . 9½ Carried Over £ 5136 . 9 . 9½	The debit side of William Wrangham's account showed no new entries, and the cash he had drawn from the treasury chest was carried forward at the same figure. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit March 1775, cash brought forward, £5,186 9s 9½d Carried forward, £5,186 9s 9½d
102	95	1774 Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 901 . 2 . 3 By Cash paid for the following for the Govr. Table 12 Turkeys £ 3 .. 139 Fowles 10 . 8 . 6 6 Geese 1 . 10 . 39 Ducks 2 . 18 . 6 2 Muscovy do. .. 5 . 46 Doz. Eggs 3 . 9 2½ do. Turkey Eggs .. 7 . 6 18 Pigs 4 . 10 . 1 Ham wt. 23 lb 1 . 14 . 6 80 lb Pork 2 .. .. 3 New Milk Cheeses .. 19 . 757½ lb Beef 15 . 16 . 45 lb Turtle .. 18 . 11 4 Bottles Mustard .. 18 . 4 do. Florence Oil .. 16 5 Gallons Brandy 1 . 17 . 6 33 do. Vinegar @ 4/ 6 . 12 . 58 . 5 . By Cash paid Thomas Yates Sexton for makg. Graves for 3 Deceased Soldiers .. 7 . 6 By do. paid William Wrangham for the followg. Sheep 52 Ewes @ 23/ £ 59 . 16 . 5 Rams @ 23/ 5 . 15 . 15 Young Sheep @ 15/9 11 . 16 . 3 4 Weathers @ 21/ 4 . 4 . 2 Lambs @ 10/6 1 . 1 . 82 . 12 . 3 By do. James Brown forty Shillings who engaged to relist as a Soldier and since dead. 2 .. By do. paid 15 Expresses upon Alarms 4 . 2 . 6 Carried Over £ 1048 . 4 . 11	The paymaster's payments for March 1775 continued from the total of £901 2s 3d brought forward. Brought forward, £901 2s 3d Provisions for the Governor's table Turkeys, 12, £3 0s 0d Fowls, 139, £10 8s 6d Geese, 6, £1 10s 0d Ducks, 39, £2 18s 6d Muscovy ducks, 2, £0 5s 0d Eggs, 46 dozen, £3 9s 0d Turkey eggs, 2½ dozen, £0 7s 6d Pigs, 18, £4 10s 0d Ham weighing 23 lb, 1, £1 14s 6d Pork, 80 lb, £2 0s 0d New milk cheeses, 3, £0 19s 0d Beef, 757½ lb, £15 16s 0d Turtle, 45 lb, £0 18s 11d Mustard, 4 bottles, £0 18s 0d Florence oil, 4 bottles, £0 16s 0d Brandy, 5 gallons, £1 17s 6d Vinegar, 33 gallons at 4s a gallon, £6 12s 0d Total for the Governor's table, £58 5s 0d Thomas Yates, sexton, for digging graves for 3 soldiers who had died, £0 7s 6d William Wrangham, for sheep Ewes, 52 at 23s each, £59 16s 0d Rams, 5 at 23s each, £5 15s 0d Young sheep, 15 at 15s 9d each, £11 16s 3d Wethers, 4 at 21s each, £4 4s 0d Lambs, 2 at 10s 6d each, £1 1s 0d Total paid to William Wrangham, £82 12s 3d James Brown, who agreed to enlist as a soldier and has since died, £2 0s 0d Express messengers sent on alarms, 15, £4 2s 6d Carried forward, £1,048 4s 11d Interpretations William Wrangham was paid £82 12s 3d for 78 sheep sold to the Company, and as paymaster he made the payment to himself. He was the largest single seller to the restocking of the flock that quarter. No independent check on the sale appeared in the account beyond the Council's approval at the quarter's end, and Wrangham sat on that Council. His ewes fetched 23s each, the same rate as the best paid to other islanders. The record shows how small the circle of buyers and sellers was on the island, where the men who spent the Company's money were often the men it was spent with. The graves for three soldiers matched the three matrosses of the artillery who died together on 27 March 1775. The 40s paid in the name of James Brown went to the private of the Fourth Company who died on 24 January 1775. He had agreed to the re-enlistment bounty but died before it could be paid in full, and the Company honoured part of the bargain for his estate. The express messengers rode from the signal posts to the Castle whenever ships were sighted, carrying word before the vessels could reach the road. Fifteen alarms in a quarter showed how often the garrison stood to its guns on the approach of strangers. Turtle came from Ascension Island, where passing ships caught them on the beaches and brought them to St Helena alive.
103	96	17th April Dr. William Wrangham 1775 March To Cash brought Over £ 5136 . 9 . 9½ £ 5136 . 9 . 9½ Island St. 31 March Errors (Signed) Willm. Wrangham	The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster closed with the cash he had drawn from the treasury chest as its only entry. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit March 1775, cash brought forward, £5,186 9s 9½d Total, £5,186 9s 9½d Wrangham signed the account at St Helena on 31 March 1775, subject to correction of any errors.
104	97	1775 Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 1048 . 4 . 11 By Cash paid the Cryer of the Court of Justice .. 5 By do. paid for the Subsistance of Sundry Dischd. Soldiers 176 Days @ 6d. pr. day 4 . 8 .. By do. paid for the Subsistance of Sundry Seaman left out of Ships 37 Days @ 6d. pr. day .. 18 . 6 £ 1053 . 16 . 5 Amount of Pay Account 4132 . 13 . 4½ £ 5186 . 9 . 9½ Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of March last, which is as follows Viz. Margin Notes: Helena 1775 Excepted Paymaster	The paymaster's payments for March 1775 ended with the total of £1,048 4s 11d brought forward and the last few charges set against it. Brought forward, £1,048 4s 11d The crier of the Court of Justice, £0 5s 0d Keep of various discharged soldiers, 176 days at 6d a day, £4 8s 0d Keep of various seamen left behind by their ships, 37 days at 6d a day, £0 18s 6d Total of payments, £1,053 16s 5d Amount of the pay list, £4,132 13s 4½d Total, £5,186 9s 9½d William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena in 1775, subject to correction of any errors. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for the month of March 1775. Interpretations The two sides of Wrangham's account matched to the halfpenny, at £5,186 9s 9½d. He drew from the chest exactly what he paid out, with no balance left in his hands. The paymaster on St Helena did not hold a float of the Company's money between quarters. He drew cash only to cover payments already made or due, which left him nothing to lend, invest or lose, and kept the Company's money in the chest under the Council's eye. The Company paid 6d a day to keep discharged soldiers and seamen left behind by their ships. A soldier whose service had ended could not leave the island until a ship would carry him, and a seaman put ashore sick or left behind had no means of his own. The Company fed them until a passage could be found, since on so small an island idle men without support would otherwise turn to theft or begging.
105	98	17th April Cash Dr. 1775 March 1 To Balance remaining £ 12618 . 16 27 To Ship Bessborough 155 . 12 . 2 29 To Ship British King 10 .. 9 31 To Jonathan Doveton received of him for Stores sold in the Quarter ending this day 1942 . 4 .. To Plantation for Provisions Sold 7 . 12 . 5 To Licences 11 . 10 To Customs received on 3517 Gallons Arrack 43 . 19 . 3 £ 14789 . 14 . 7 Per Contra Cr. 1775 March 31 By Sundry Accounts Advanced the Paymaster to pay Salary's &c. in the Quarter ending this Day 5186 . 9 . 9½ By Balance remaining Viz. In Specie £ 9063 . 9 . 9½ In Cash Notes 539 . 15 9603 . 4 . 9½ £ 14789 . 14 . 7	The Company's cash account for March 1775 set the money received against the money paid out. Cash, debit 1 March 1775, balance remaining, £12,618 6s 0d 27 March 1775, ship Bessborough, £155 12s 2d 29 March 1775, ship British King, £10 0s 9d 31 March 1775, Jonathan Doveton, for stores sold in the quarter ending that day, £1,942 4s 0d The plantation, for provisions sold, £7 12s 5d Licences, £11 10s 0d Customs duty on 3,517 gallons of arrack, £43 19s 3d Total, £14,789 14s 7d Cash, credit 31 March 1775, advanced to the paymaster for salaries and other payments in the quarter ending that day, £5,186 9s 9½d Balance remaining in coin, £9,063 9s 9½d Balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £9,603 4s 9½d Total, £14,789 14s 7d Interpretations The duty on arrack was charged at 3d a gallon, and in one quarter it fell on 3,517 gallons brought in by private traders. The duty raised revenue for the Company. It also gave the Council a record of every gallon landed, so that it could keep watch on how much spirit reached the garrison through private hands. The licences, which brought in £11 10s 0d, were probably the fees paid by the punch houses and retailers allowed to sell drink on the island. Most of the balance was held in coin, but £539 15s 0d sat in cash notes. These were paper notes issued on the island by the Company and accepted in payment at the treasury. St Helena had no bank, and coin arrived only when ships brought it. The notes let trade carry on between shipments without draining the chest of silver, and the Council counted them as part of its cash because the Company stood ready to redeem them. The stores sold in the quarter brought in £1,942 4s 0d, which covered more than a third of the paymaster's spending. The two-tier pricing in the storekeeper's collection, with goods sold at 10 per cent and 40 per cent above cost, therefore helped to pay for the island's own government.
106	99	1775 Pursuant to an Order in Consultation of the 10 April. The Inhabitants this Day assembled at the Chapel in this Valley to choose Parish Officers for the ensuing Year and likewise to Return three of the Principal Inhabitants that one might be elected to serve the Office of Sheriff and to choose a proper Person to serve in that of Constable, they accordingly returned the following Persons Viz. Messieurs John Alexander Richard Goodwin Orlando Bagley Sheriff Hugh Jones Constable Jonathan Doveton Thomas Bazett William Young Church Wardens Francis Seale William Hayes Overseers East Division Samuel Knipe Richard Knipe do. West do. William Jenkins James Easthope do. South do. We appointed Mr. John Alexander to serve the Office of Sheriff and Ordered Warrants to be drawn for Messrs. Jonathan Doveton and Thomas Bazett Church Wardens and Francis Seale Samuel Knipe and William Jenkins Overseers. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The inhabitants met at the chapel in the valley on 17 April 1775, as the Council had ordered at its meeting on 10 April 1775. They gathered to elect the parish officers for the coming year. They were also to put forward three leading inhabitants, one of whom the Council would choose as sheriff, and to name a suitable man to serve as constable. The inhabitants returned the following names. Nominated for sheriff: John Alexander Nominated for sheriff: Richard Goodwin Nominated for sheriff: Orlando Bagley Constable: Hugh Jones Nominated for churchwarden: Jonathan Doveton Nominated for churchwarden: Thomas Bazett Nominated for churchwarden: William Young Nominated for overseer, East Division: Francis Seale Nominated for overseer, East Division: William Hayes Nominated for overseer, West Division: Samuel Knipe Nominated for overseer, West Division: Richard Knipe Nominated for overseer, South Division: William Jenkins Nominated for overseer, South Division: James Easthope The Council appointed John Alexander as sheriff. It ordered warrants to be drawn up for Jonathan Doveton and Thomas Bazett as churchwardens, and for Francis Seale, Samuel Knipe and William Jenkins as overseers. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The inhabitants nominated, but the Council chose. For each office the meeting put forward more names than there were places, and the Council picked from the list. This gave the settlers a voice in naming their own parish officers while leaving the final choice with the Company. The Council could pass over anyone it judged unreliable without overruling the meeting outright. Each chosen man then served under a warrant from the Council, so his authority came from the Company and not from the vote. The offices themselves mirrored an English parish. Churchwardens kept the church and its funds, overseers collected the poor rate and relieved the poor in their division, and the constable kept the peace. The sheriff served writs and summoned juries for the island's courts. The men chosen came largely from the Company's own service, Doveton as storekeeper and Thomas Bazett as superintendent of the works. The parish and the Company were therefore run by many of the same hands.
107	100	24th April At a Consultation held on Monday the 24th day April 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Coun. The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 17 April 1775. Tuesday the 18th Died Emelia Daughter of John Price Publican do. do. Sailed the French Ship La Superbe for Port L'Orient. This day Passed by three Ships at a great Distance. Mr. William Wrangham this day presented the following Petition. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council of St. Helena. The humble Petition of William Wrangham Sheweth That Your Petitioner is desirous of disposing of his right to twenty one and a half Acres of Lease Land lying in the South Division of this Island, request Your Worship and Council will give leave so to do and accept of Mr. John Seale Tenant for the same. 24 April 1775 And Your Petitioner will ever pray. Granted Captain Fortescue this day presented the following Letter Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 24 April 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 17 April 1775. Emelia, the daughter of the publican John Price, died on Tuesday 18 April 1775. The French ship Le Superbe sailed for Port L'Orient on the same day. Three ships passed the island at a great distance on the day of the meeting. William Wrangham presented a petition to the Governor and Council. He wished to give up his right to 21½ acres of leased land in the South Division of the island. He asked the Council for leave to do so and to accept John Seale as the new tenant. The Council granted the petition, dated 24 April 1775. Captain Francis Fortescue presented a letter to the Council that day. Interpretations All land on St Helena belonged to the Company, and settlers held it on lease, not as freehold. A leaseholder could not simply sell or hand on his land. He had to petition the Council for leave to give it up and have the incoming tenant accepted in his place. This let the Company decide who farmed its land and keep the rent roll in order. It also meant that land passed only to men the Council approved. Wrangham sat on the Council that heard his petition, so he asked his own colleagues for leave. The petition followed the same form any settler would use, which kept the record of the transfer complete. The Council's approval also bound John Seale to the terms of the original lease, including its rent and its duty to cultivate.
108	101	1775 The Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. &c. Council Gentlemen In a prior Letter on my first Arrival, I informed You of the necessity of the dispatch of the Osterly and desired all the Assistance you could give, but that I could not think of paying for Boats and Men for assisting to land the Company's Goods, that my own People and Boats should Work night and day, tho I could understand it was the meaning of the Charter party that the Ships Boats was to Land all the Company's Goods, as it was not the case in any other port, but yet I was willing to do every thing in my power, and paying people for the assistance of Landing was bringing the Owners into an Extraordinary expence, which I can by no means think is the Company's intention, and I can by no means think of paying away my Employers Money, but where it appears Just and necessary. I was sent for to Council, and Delivered the same opinion and Your answer was if I had the Men I must pay for them, I replyed I thought the Court of Directors and Owners were the only People to settle this Matter, and in that light I understood the matter rested, however this Morning to my great surprize, a demand is made for their Work. In Order to clear me of trifling away the Owners Money, it is beg'd as a favour, that the Charge on my Owners may be sent home to the Directors, and then it will be settled to the satisfaction of every one, or give me an Order under Your own hands to pay the Money, and I will settle it, and send it home to the Directors and Owners. Island St. Helena 24 April 1775. I am Gentlemen Your most Obt. humble Servants (Signed) Francis Fortescue In Consequence of the above Letter We sent Captain Fortescue the following Order. To Captain Francis Fortescue Commander of Ship Osterly. Sir In consequence of what We told You in Council in	Captain Francis Fortescue wrote to Governor Skottowe and the Council about the cost of landing the Company's goods from the Osterley. When he first arrived, he had stressed the need to send the ship on quickly and had asked for all the help the island could give. He had not expected to pay for boats and men to land the Company's goods. His own crew and boats would work day and night. He did not read the charter party as requiring the ship's boats to land all the Company's cargo, since no other port asked that of a ship. He was still willing to do all he could. Fortescue held that paying local hands to help with the landing put the ship's owners to an unusual expense. He did not believe the Company intended that. He would not spend his employers' money unless it was plainly fair and necessary. When the Council summoned him, he had repeated this view. The Council had answered that if he used the men, he must pay them. He took it that only the Court of Directors and the owners could settle the point, and he believed the matter had rested there. That morning, to his great surprise, a bill had come in for the men's work. Fortescue did not want the owners to think he had wasted their money. He therefore asked the Council to send the charge home for the Directors to settle. As an alternative, the Council could give him a written order, signed by its members, to pay the money. He would then pay it and send the account home to the Directors and the owners. He signed the letter at St Helena on 24 April 1775. The Council replied with an order to Fortescue as commander of the Osterley, beginning with a reminder of what it had told him at the earlier meeting. Interpretations Fortescue's second request showed what he was really after. He was not refusing to pay so much as refusing to pay on his own authority. A commander answered to the owners for every shilling spent on the voyage. If he paid a disputed charge of his own accord, the owners could recover it from him personally. A written order signed by the Council would turn the payment into one made under the Company's direction. Any quarrel would then lie between the owners and the Company in London, not between the owners and their captain. The dispute turned on the charter party, the contract under which the owners let their ship to the Company. It set out what the ship must carry, at what rate and with what duties in port. Fortescue read it as leaving the landing of cargo to the port. The Council read it as making the ship responsible for landing it.
109	102	24th April Answer to your Letter of the 3rd Instant that if you employed any of the Company's Military in unloading your Ship, you were to pay them as has been always customary, and as We conceive agreeable to Charter Party, after which we are surprised to be informed by the Patroon of the Company's Long Boat that you have refused paying himself and the six Men for their Labour, and as We cannot answer putting the Company to the Expence of what We apprehend falls upon Your Owners do therefore, Order you to discharge the said Bill amounting to eight pounds, sixteen shillings. St. Helena 24 April 1775 We are Sir Your humble Servants (Signed) John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Mattw. Bazett Willm. Wrangham The following is the Patroons Bill. Captain Fortescue To the Honble. Company's Workmen Dr. for Clearing the Stores out of the Ship Osterly 16 Days Coxswains @ 2/ pr. Day £ 1 . 12 .. 96 do. Labourers @ 1/6 do. 7 . 4 £ 8 . 16 24 April 1775 Received the Contents (Signed) John King his X mark Mr. Matthew Bazett applied to have a Mortgage Bond Registred.	The Council's order reminded Captain Fortescue of its answer to his letter of 3 April 1775. It had then told him in Council that if he used any of the Company's workmen to unload his ship, he must pay them. This had always been the custom and agreed with the charter party. The Council had since learned from the patron of the Company's longboat that Fortescue refused to pay him and his six men for their work. The Council held that the charge fell on the owners and could not let the Company bear it. It therefore ordered Fortescue to pay the bill of £8 16s 0d. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the order at St Helena on 24 April 1775. The patron's bill was entered as follows. Captain Fortescue, debtor to the Company's workmen, for clearing stores out of the ship Osterley Coxswains, 16 days at 2s a day, £1 12s 0d Labourers, 96 days at 1s 6d a day, £7 4s 0d Total, £8 16s 0d John King signed with his mark on 24 April 1775 to confirm that he had received the full sum. Matthew Bazett applied to have a mortgage bond registered. Interpretations Fortescue had offered the Council a choice between two courses. It could refer the charge home to the Directors, or it could give him a signed order to pay it. Referring it home was the easier and more usual way to settle a dispute over a charter party, but the Council passed it over. The men who did the work were the patron and six labourers, and a reference to London would have left them unpaid for a year or more. By issuing the order, the Council got its workmen paid at once. It also gave Fortescue the written cover he wanted, so he could pay without fear of the owners. The bill was settled the same day. John King, who received the money, was the patron of the Company's longboat, the man in charge of its crew. He was listed on the pay list at £7 10s 0d a quarter. He signed with a mark because he could not write, which was common among the island's boatmen and labourers.
110	103	1775 Captain Frances Fortescue this day applied to Us to pay one thousand pounds into the Honorable Company's Cash, Which sum We have received and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable to John Knottsford Esqr. (or Order) at Ninety Days sight. The Storekeeper this day Delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Osterly. Account of Stores short received from Ship Osterly 17 Scythe Stones 6 Milk Pans 1 Small Cream Coloured Tea Pot 3 Large Red do. 2 Tumblers 1 Candle Shade 20 Wine Glasses Found broke upon opening the Packages which were in good Order. c q lb .. 1 . 21 Cordage .. 3 . 8 Sope Short Weight occasioned by Wastage 9 Bushels Salt, Short Measure 2½ Gallons Oil of Turpentine do. 3 Hair Sives Damaged 86 Plane Tiles Broke 24 April 1775. Jonathan Doveton Store Keeper. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Captain Francis Fortescue asked the Council on 24 April 1775 to let him pay £1,000 0s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors. The bills were payable at 90 days' sight to John Knollsford or his order. The storekeeper presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Osterley. Stores short delivered from the ship Osterley Scythe stones, 17 Milk pans, 6 Small cream-coloured teapot, 1 Large [...], 3 Tumblers, 2 Candle shade, 1 Wine glasses, 20 All the above found broken when the packages were opened, though the packages arrived intact Cordage, 0 cwt 1 qr 21 lb Soap, 0 cwt 3 qr 8 lb Cordage and soap lost weight in transit Salt, 9 bushels, short in measure Oil of turpentine, 2½ gallons, short in measure Hair sieves, 3, damaged Plain tiles, 86, broken Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper on 24 April 1775. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham also signed it. Interpretations Fortescue's £1,000 0s 0d was almost certainly his own money, not the owners'. Commanders of East Indiamen were allowed space in the hold for private trade, and many made fortunes from it. Paying the money in at St Helena and taking bills on the Court let him send his profits home safely. The bills would be paid in London within months, without the risk of carrying coin to the East and back. The Company gained hard cash on the island, which it needed to pay the garrison, in exchange for a promise payable in London. The 86 plain tiles were ordinary flat clay roofing tiles shipped from England. The island had little clay suitable for tile-making, so even roofing for the new houses had to come by sea and risk breakage on the way.
111	104	1st May At a Consultation held on Monday the 1 day of May 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Coun. The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 24 April 1775. Tuesday the 25th April Passed by a Ship at a great Distance. Wednesday the 26 do. Arrived the Royal Charlotte's Boat at Bankes at a quarter past six o'Clock in the Evening. do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Royal Charlotte from China (last from the Cape) Thursday the 27th do. Arrived the Speke's Boat at Bankes at one o'Clock in the Afternoon. do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Speke from Madrass. Friday the 28th do. Arrived a French Ship from China called the Lamerica Captain Le Seide Charleton Burthen five hundred Tons, carrys ten Guns and seventy four Men Loaden with Tea bound to Port L'Orient. do. do. do. Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Osterly for Fort Marlborough. do. do. do. Died John Bowler Private. The Ships Royal Charlotte and Speke brought Us the following Supplys.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 1 May 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 24 April 1775. A ship passed the island at a great distance on Tuesday 25 April 1775. On Wednesday 26 April 1775 the boat of the Royal Charlotte reached Banks's at a quarter past six in the evening. The Company's ship Royal Charlotte arrived the same day from China, coming last from the Cape. The boat of the Speke reached Banks's at one o'clock in the afternoon on Thursday 27 April 1775, and the Company's ship Speke arrived from Madras the same day. A French ship from China, the Samerica, under Captain [...], arrived on Friday 28 April 1775. She was a vessel of 500 tons with 10 guns and 74 men. She carried a cargo of tea and was bound for Port L'Orient. The Company's ship Osterley sailed for Fort Marlborough the same day. John Bowler, a private, also died that day. The Royal Charlotte and the Speke brought the following supplies. Interpretations Each Company ship sent a boat ahead to Banks's before she came into the road. Banks's was a battery on the north-east coast, the first post that an incoming ship passed on her way to James Bay. A ship approaching from the east had to work round the island against the wind, which could take hours. Her boat could row in quickly with her name and private signal, so the guns at Banks's knew she was a friend. The rule also let the garrison tell a Company ship from an enemy dressed in Company colours, since only a ship with the right signals would send her boat ahead.
112	105	1775 Invoice of Ship Royal Charlotte Singlo Tea 6 Chests qt. 2 . 63½ . 21 55 . 2 . 3 . 0 Congo Tea 5 Chests 3 . 13½ . 22 .. 63 . 3 . 6 . 0 Bohea Tea 6 Chests 6 . 96½ . 13 . 500 93 . 9 . 6 . 0 Sugar Candy 1 Sort 10 Chests 20 . 31½ . 9 . 500 194 . 8 . 4 . 5 Sugar Candy 2 Sort 13 Chests 20 . 96½ . 7 . 600 157 . 0 . 9 . 6 Sugar 34 Chests 69 . 24½ . 3 . 500 242 . 3 . 4 . 0 Tales 837 . 3 . 3 . 1 Canton 10 January 1775 Errors Excepted (Signed) Edward Phipps Frans. Wood Junr. Mattw. Raper Junr. Wm. Henry Pigou Geo Rogers Invoice of Ship Speke Rice 33 Bags pr. 3 Gt. c q lb 45 . 3 .. Tare @ 4 lb each 1 .. 20 44 . 2 . 8 or 4992 or 215½ Mds. @ Pags. 100 . 21 . 7 pr. Garce 54 . 9 . 10 Paddy 34 Bags pr. 3 Gt. 32 . 3 . 22 Tare @ 4 lb do. 1 .. 24 31 . 2 . 26 or 3554 or 250 Mds. @ 7 pr. Md. pr. Pags. 33 . 15 . Batavia Arrack 2 Leaguers Containing 264 Gallons @ Pags. 48 pr. Leaguer 96 .. Carried Over 183 . 24 . 10	The Royal Charlotte brought the following supplies from Canton, valued in taels, mace, candareens and cash. Invoice of the ship Royal Charlotte Singlo tea, 6 chests, 2 piculs 65 catties at 21 taels a picul, 55 taels 6 mace 5 candareens 0 cash Congou tea, 5 chests, 3 piculs 13 catties at 22 taels a picul, 68 taels 8 mace 6 candareens 0 cash Bohea tea, 6 chests, 6 piculs 96 catties at 13 taels 5 mace a picul, 93 taels 9 mace 6 candareens 0 cash Sugar candy first grade, 10 chests, 20 piculs 45 catties at 9 taels 5 mace a picul, 194 taels 2 mace 7 candareens 5 cash Sugar candy second grade, 13 chests, 23 piculs 96 catties at 7 taels 6 mace a picul, 182 taels 0 mace 9 candareens 6 cash Sugar, 34 chests, 69 piculs 24 catties at 3 taels 5 mace a picul, 242 taels 3 mace 4 candareens 0 cash Total, 837 taels 1 mace 8 candareens 1 cash The supercargoes Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior, Matthew Raper junior, William Henry Pigou and George Rogers signed the invoice at Canton on 10 January 1775, subject to correction of any errors. The Speke brought the following supplies from Madras, valued in pagodas, fanams and cash. Invoice of the ship Speke Rice, 33 bags, gross weight 45 cwt 3 qr 0 lb Tare at 4 lb a bag, 1 cwt 0 qr 20 lb Net weight of rice, 44 cwt 2 qr 8 lb, or 4,992 lb, at [...], 54 pagodas 9 fanams 10 cash Paddy, 34 bags, gross weight 32 cwt 3 qr 22 lb Tare at 4 lb a bag, 1 cwt 0 qr 24 lb Net weight of paddy, 31 cwt 2 qr 26 lb, or 3,554 lb, being 250 measures at 7 pagodas a [...], 33 pagodas 15 fanams 0 cash Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers containing 264 gallons at 48 pagodas a leaguer, 96 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Carried forward, 183 pagodas 24 fanams 10 cash Interpretations The Canton supercargoes still sent both grades of sugar candy, with the dearer first grade at 9 taels 5 mace a picul against 7 taels 6 mace for the second. They had signed the invoice on 10 January 1775, three months before the Council's letter of 12 April 1775 asked for the second grade only. The shipment therefore showed the very practice the Council had complained of, and the change could not take effect until the next season's ships. A picul was the standard Chinese weight of 100 catties, about 133 lb, used across the China trade. A leaguer was a large Dutch cask holding about 132 gallons, the measure in which arrack was shipped from Batavia, the Dutch capital on Java. Batavia arrack, distilled from rice and molasses, was thought the finest of the eastern spirits. Madras bought it from Dutch traders and passed it on to St Helena.
113	106	1st May Brought Over 183 . 24 . 10 Charges Merchandize Gunny Bags 134 @ Ps. 5 pr. % 6 . 25 . 16 Twine to Sew the Bags .. 3 . 4 Tin Plates & Nails .. 9 . 4 Cooly hire on Rice Paddy & Arrack .. 30 .. Weighing Cooly .. 4 . 60 Boat Hire on 3 Bo. @ 10 . 20 ea. .. 30 . 60 Tarpaulins on do. @ 4 ea. .. 8 .. 9 . 2 . 56 Pagodas 192 . 26 . 66 Errors Excepted (Signed) Geo. Moubray Accountant. We this day received the following Letter from Captain Henry Bazett. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council of St. Helena. Gentlemen It is with Concern I find myself under the necessity of applying to You for permission to leave the Island for a few Months, my sudden motives for this step, I assure you Gentlemen, are of the most interesting nature to me which I doubt not, You will coincide with, when I acquaint you that I have an only Daughter whom I sent to England some time past for Education, which being now finished and my finances not permitting me to continue her there, Am desirous of her return to St. Helena, And as she is my first and principal Concern in life, am under the greatest Anxiety on her Account. Therefore as there is at present	The Speke's invoice continued from the total of 183 pagodas 24 fanams 10 cash brought forward, with the shipping charges added. Brought forward, 183 pagodas 24 fanams 10 cash Charges on the goods Gunny bags, 134 at 5 pagodas per 100, 6 pagodas 25 fanams 16 cash Twine to sew the bags, 0 pagodas 3 fanams 4 cash Tin plates and nails, 0 pagodas 9 fanams 4 cash Porters' hire for the rice, paddy and arrack, 0 pagodas 30 fanams 0 cash Porters for weighing, 0 pagodas 4 fanams 60 cash Boat hire for 3 [...], 0 pagodas 30 fanams 60 cash Tarpaulins for the same, 0 pagodas 8 fanams 0 cash Total charges, 9 pagodas 2 fanams 56 cash Total, 192 pagodas 26 fanams 66 cash George Moubray signed the invoice as accountant, subject to correction of any errors. The Council received a letter from Captain Henry Bazett, addressed to Governor Skottowe and the Council. Bazett wrote that he regretted having to ask leave to be away from the island for a few months. He explained that his reasons were of the most pressing kind and expected the Council to agree once it knew them. Some time earlier he had sent his only daughter to England to be educated. Her schooling was now finished, and his means would not allow her to stay there longer. He wished her to return to St Helena. She was his first and chief concern in life, and he was deeply anxious on her account. He therefore noted that there was at present [continues]. Interpretations The Madras invoice charged St Helena for every step in getting the goods aboard, down to the twine that sewed the sacks and the porters who weighed them. Gunny bags were coarse sacks woven from jute in Bengal, the standard packing for rice and grain in the eastern trade. The presidency passed on these costs in full because each settlement kept its own accounts with the Company. St Helena therefore paid the true landed cost of its rice, not just the price in the Madras market.
114	107	1775 present the greatest appearance of Peace and tranquility at home, my absence from the Island for a few Months, I am convinced cannot be attended with any prejudice to the Service, otherwise I should not presume to address You on this Head. And as I understand you Gentlemen cannot indulge me with leave of absence, must beg you will give me leave to lay down the Service, by the Dispatch of the Royal Charlotte, I hope for a short time only, flattering myself in my long Service of three and twenty Years, during which time, I have the Vanity to think, I have ever merited the Good opinion of all my Superiors, and of You Gentlemen in particular. I must therefore further beg you will give to the Honble. the Court of Directors such a Character of my Conduct and Behaviour, as from Your own knowledge you may think me intitled to, As I flatter myself it will serve me with the Honorable Court for their indulgence to return again to their Service, As it is a Service I assure you I have the most particular and strongest Attachment to. Your Compliance with this my Request will lay me under the greatest obligations. St. Helena May 1 1775. I am with much Respect Gentlemen Your Most Obedt. & most Humble Servants (Signed) Henry Bazett To which We directed the Secretary to return him the following Answer. To Captain Henry Bazett Sir In Answer to your Letter of this days date I am directed by the Board to acquaint you that they are sorry	Captain Henry Bazett went on to say that Britain was then at peace and that all looked calm at home. He was sure a few months' absence would do the service no harm, and he would not have raised the matter otherwise. He understood that the Council had no power to grant him leave. He therefore asked to resign from the service and sail on the Royal Charlotte, in the hope that his absence would be short. He had served for 23 years and believed he had earned the good opinion of all his superiors, and of the Council in particular. He asked the Council to write to the Court of Directors about his conduct in whatever terms it thought he deserved. He hoped such a report would lead the Court to let him return to a service to which he was deeply attached. He would be most grateful if the Council agreed. Bazett signed the letter at St Helena on 1 May 1775. The Council told the secretary to send Bazett a reply. In answer to his letter of that day, the secretary was to tell him that the Council regretted [continues]. Interpretations The Council had no power to grant leave of absence, so an officer who wished to go home even for a few months had to resign. Bazett could not simply take leave, as an officer in the King's army might have done. He had to give up his commission and his pay and trust that the Court of Directors would take him back. That was why he asked for a written report on his conduct, since it would be his only claim to reinstatement when he reached London. The rule kept the Directors in control of every officer's career and stopped the Council from letting men come and go on its own authority. His comment on the peace at home mattered to his case. In wartime the garrison could not spare a captain, and the Council would have refused his resignation. In the spring of 1775 Britain was at peace with France and Spain, and the risk of an attack on the island was low. The bill of exchange for £150 0s 0d that he took on 12 April 1775, payable to Matthew Purling, may have been sent to settle his daughter's last school fees in England.
115	108	1st May they have it not in their power to give you leave of absence but as they are well convinced that the exigency of your affairs is a sufficient motive for the step you propose to take in quitting the Service and proceeding to England, they therefore shall recommend in the strongest manner your long Services and good Conduct to the Honorable Company, and flatter themselves you will meet with no difficulty in returning with your rank to their Service here. St. Helena 1 May 1775. I am Sir Your humble Servant (Signed) B. Wright Secy. The Executors to the last Will and Testament of Mr. Richard Bagley Deceased this day presented an Inventory of his Effects, Appraised by Messrs. Jonathan Doveton, John Alexander, and James Colgrave, who being duly sworn that they Valued the same to the best of their Judgements, and the Widow that She produced every Article, it was Ordered to be Registred. On Tuesday the 25 last Month there was a General Field Day on the Parade of the Officers Non-Commissioned Officers, and Private Men of this Garrison.	The secretary's reply told Bazett that the Council regretted having no power to grant him leave of absence. It accepted that the urgency of his family affairs was good reason for him to leave the service and go to England. The Council would therefore commend his long service and good conduct to the Company in the strongest terms. It trusted that he would have no difficulty in returning to the island with his former rank. Britannicus Wright signed the reply as secretary at St Helena on 1 May 1775. The executors of the late Richard Bagley presented an inventory of his goods. Jonathan Doveton, John Alexander and James Colgrave had valued the goods, and they swore that they had valued them as fairly as they could judge. Bagley's widow swore that she had produced every item. The Council ordered the inventory to be registered. A general field day for the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of the garrison was held on the parade on Tuesday 25 April 1775. Interpretations The Council promised Bazett more than a good report. It undertook to support his return with his rank, which was the point that mattered to him. An officer who resigned and came back without his rank would have to start again below men he had once commanded. The Council could not bind the Court of Directors, but a strong recommendation from the island's government carried weight in London. The two oaths taken over Bagley's inventory protected different interests. The appraisers swore to the values, which guarded against an estate being undervalued to cheat the heirs or overvalued to mislead creditors. The widow swore that nothing had been held back, since she had charge of the house and its contents and could most easily hide goods from the executors. A registered inventory, sworn on both counts, gave the heirs and creditors a fixed record against which the executors' later dealings could be checked.
116	109	1775 Daniel Corneille Esqr. this day applied to pay seventy four pounds, ten shillings into the Honorable Company's Cash, which sum We have received and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honorable, the Court of Directors, payable to Captain John Broadley (or Order) at ninety Days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Daniel Corneille asked on 1 May 1775 to pay £74 10s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors. The bills were payable at 90 days' sight to Captain John Bradley or his order. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations John Bradley commanded the True Briton, which had sailed for England on 15 April 1775. The bills were payable to him even though he had already left the island. Corneille was probably paying Bradley for goods bought from his ship's private trade, a debt that had not been settled before she sailed. The bills would follow Bradley home and be paid to him in London. This let an islander clear a debt with a departed captain without sending coin after him.
117	110	6th May At a Consultation held on Saturday the 6 day of May 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Coun. The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 1 May 1775. Tuesday the 2nd Died Thomas Smith Private Thursday the 4th Died Jane Bagley Widow Friday the 5 Passed five Ships at a great Distance This day Sailed the French Ship La Merica for Port L'Orient. Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ships Royal Charlotte and Speke to Muster their Companys and enquire for Deserters but found none their Muster Rolls are as follow Viz. Muster Roll of Ship Royal Charlotte John Clements Commr. Thomas Johnston 1 Mate Geo Simson 2 do. Josiah Price 3 do. Geo Marshall 4 do. John Patterson Surgeon Paul Carrol Boatswain Isaac Smith Gunner James Shepp Carpenter John Lewis Mid. and Cox. John Peters Midshipman Benjn. Love do. Alexr. Mc. Lane Quartr. Mastr. Fredk. Everling do. Willm. Robinson do. Robt. Sproval Surg. Mate Peter Moyce Boatsw. do. Nichl. Sinclair do. Wm. Barrett Gunr. Mate Jn. Williamson Carpt. do. Robt. Baker Caulker Mal. Fluggar Sailmaker Thos. Lea Cooper Wm. Kay do. Mate Richd. Baker Armourer Jn. Christopher Cr. Cook Geo Hollywood Ships do. Geo Hobbs Seaman Willm. Mackay John Lyddle Willm. Lynch James Boyce Robt. Hutton Joseph Hilton Jas. O. Regan Fran. Harbage	The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 6 May 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 1 May 1775. Thomas Smith, a private, died on Tuesday 2 May 1775. Jane Bagley, a widow, died on Thursday 4 May 1775. Five ships passed the island at a great distance on Friday 5 May 1775. The French ship La Merica sailed for Port L'Orient on the day of the meeting. William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the Royal Charlotte and the Speke to muster their crews and to search for deserters. He found none. The muster rolls followed. Muster roll of the ship Royal Charlotte John Clements, commander Thomas Johnston, first mate George Simson, second mate Josiah Price, third mate George Marshall, fourth mate John Patterson, surgeon Paul Carroll, boatswain Isaac Smith, gunner James Sloss, carpenter John Lewis, midshipman and coxswain John Peters, midshipman Benjamin Love, midshipman Alexander McLane, quartermaster Frederick Everling, quartermaster William Robinson, quartermaster Robert Sproul, surgeon's mate Peter Moyce, boatswain's mate Nicholas Sinclair, boatswain's mate William Barrett, gunner's mate James Williamson, carpenter's mate Robert Baker, caulker Michael Klugger, sailmaker Thomas Lee, cooper William Kay, cooper's mate Richard Baker, armourer James Christopher, captain's cook George Hollywood, ship's cook George Hobbs, seaman William Makay, seaman John Logsdale, seaman William Lynch, seaman James Boyce, seaman Robert Hutton, seaman Joseph Hilton, seaman James O'Regan, seaman Francis Harbridge, seaman Interpretations Jane Bagley died three days after she swore, on 1 May 1775, that she had produced every item in her late husband's estate. Her oath and the registered inventory now stood as the fixed record of what Richard Bagley had left. Without them, the executors would have had no sworn account to work from once the only person who knew the household was gone.
118	111	1775 John Gilling Seaman Edward Waddington Jno. Mason Edward Liddle Willm. Harford Richd. Givens Benjn. Roads Joseph Hughes Geo. Walker Joseph Cabens John Thompson Mattw. Funnell Thos. Johnson Robt. Webb Geo Dawson Willm. Knott John Johnson Charles Ballentine John Gilmore Thos. Lyons James Beard Moses Evans Thos. Kirby Mattw. Berry Geo Strong Seaman Abraham Berry Daniel Smith Thos. Bacon John Walker Michl. Lowry Charles Burkman Robt. Cameron Richd. Stratton Jacob Burdge John Gordon Franl. Conroy Mattw. Miller Edward Fitzgerald Willm. Brooks Willm. Connor Richd. Brooks John Little John Morrison Julius Caesar Clements John Battista Jeremiah Gregory Thos. Blackmore Jr. Edward Quin Willm. Treebury Seaman John Peters Hans White Willm. Kidd Neals Nelson Thomas Dutton Augustus Royal Benjn. Christopher Willm. Sinkler John Neale Willm. Flurry Franl. Jones Don. Mc. Kenzie Franl. Johnson Cornelius Johnston Thos. Saunders Franl. Picard John Thomas John Biggs Neal Lawson Conl. Windguard John Lawson Frederick Black Tom October Passengers Mr. Cook Mr. Mason (Signed) John Clements Muster Roll of Ship Speke Jeffery Jackson Commandr. Peter Hall 1 Mate Thomas Wall 2 do. Alexr. Melrose 3 do. Thos. Cole 4 do. John Pebrer 5 Mate John Troutbeck Surgeon Willm. Belmont Purser Ralph Bird Gunner Thomas Hill Carpenter Thos. Holton Boatn. Sanford Lepson Midshipm. John Sherwood Md. Leonard Clements Coxsn. Robt. Gramett Carpr. Mate	The muster roll of the Royal Charlotte continued, and her commander, John Clements, signed it. John Gillberg, seaman Edward Waddington, seaman James Mason, seaman Edward Liddle, seaman William Harford, seaman Richard Givens, seaman Benjamin Boards, seaman Joseph Hughes, seaman George Walker, seaman Joseph Eakins, seaman John Thompson, seaman Matthew Funnell, seaman Thomas Johnson, seaman Robert Webb, seaman George Dawson, seaman William Knott, seaman John Johnson, seaman Charles Ballentine, seaman John Gilmore, seaman Thomas Lyons, seaman James Beard, seaman Morris Evans, seaman Thomas Kirby, seaman Matthew Berry, seaman George Strong, seaman Abraham Berry, seaman Daniel Smith, seaman Thomas Bacon, seaman John Walker, seaman Michael Lowry, seaman Charles Beckman, seaman Robert Cameron, seaman Richard Stratton, seaman Jacob Bridge, seaman John Gordon, seaman Francis Conry, seaman Matthew Miller, seaman Edward Fitzgerald, seaman William Brooks, seaman William Connor, seaman Richard Brooks, seaman John Little, seaman John Morrison, seaman Julius Caesar Clements, seaman John Baptista, seaman Jeremiah Gregory, seaman Thomas Blackman junior, seaman Edward Quin, seaman William Tewsbury, seaman John Peters, seaman Hans White, seaman William Kidd, seaman Neals Nelson, seaman Thomas Outton, seaman Augustus Royal, seaman Benjamin Christopher, seaman William Smallman, seaman John Neale, seaman William Flury, seaman Francis Jusca, seaman Donald McKenzie, seaman Francis Johnson, seaman Cornelius Johnston, seaman Thomas Saunders, seaman Francis Picard, seaman John Thomas, seaman John Biggs, seaman Neal Lawson, seaman Cornelius Windguard, seaman John Lawson, seaman Frederick, seaman Black Tom, seaman October, seaman Passengers Mr Cook Mr Mason The muster roll of the Speke followed. Muster roll of the ship Speke Jeffery Jackson, commander Tobias Hall, first mate Thomas Wall, second mate Alexander Melrose, third mate Thomas Cole, fourth mate John Robie, fifth mate John Troutbeck, surgeon William Belmont, purser Ralph Reed, gunner Thomas Hill, carpenter Thomas Holton, boatswain Sandford Jepson, midshipman John Sherwood, midshipman Leonard Clements, coxswain Robert Gromett, captain's steward Interpretations Three of the Royal Charlotte's seamen, Frederick, Black Tom and October, were entered by a single name with no surname. Seamen without surnames were usually Africans or Asians taken on in eastern ports, some free and some probably slaves serving under their owners. The name October, taken from a month, followed a naming pattern common among slaves. Julius Caesar Clements carried a classical first name together with the surname of the ship's commander, John Clements. That combination suggests he had been the commander's servant or slave and had taken his master's name, a practice widespread aboard East Indiamen.
119	112	6th May Benjn. Willing Caulk. Mt. Robt. Barrett Ships Stewd. Alexr. Maboln Cooper Robt. Mills do. Mate John Hypper Gunr. Mate Willm. Herrill Boat. Mt. Richd. Trimbler Sailmaker Wm. Westerl Armourer Ralph Brown Butcher Saml. Hirchott Baker Robt. Norris Poulterer James Belworth Cr. Stewd. Alexd. Brown 2 Master John Stewart do. Martin Allen do. Richd. Sturdy do. John Cook Seaman Henry Watson Richd. Butler Wm. Brown Senr. Stepn. Chamberlain Thos. Jennings James Smith James Fennison Samuel Moore Thomas Hammon Willm. Brown Charles Davis John Clancy Seaman Richd. Greaves Adam Gladson Robt. Brightwell John Waddle William Bendy John Short Robt. Hobson James Archibald William Nelson James Massey Stepn. Bruce Willm. Langrove Willm. Hinds John Clements Thos. Stevens William Anderson Thos. Dudgen Thos. Saunderson Mattw. Brush Thos. Wrangle James Love Willm. Needham Willm. Shaw John Edwards John Wright John Ford Manual Lucas Joseph Grenada Seaman Jeffery Richards Saml. Mc. Namara Willm. Low John Collins Willm. Watson Willm. Benson John Taylor Peter Malone Henry Johnson Andw. Young Jacob Ralph Jacob Heller John Ratliff Jos. Williams Charles Flanagan Jos. Webb Charles Tanner Henry Kingery Franl. Reed Thos. Bell John Gall James Denham John Jones Josh. Williams Willm. Harris Isaac Roberts Hend. Mc. Donald Edward Martin Passengers John Smith England Senr. Arthur Cuthbert Esqr. & servant Mrs. Wood and three do. Mrs. Hopkins Mrs. Cuthbert Miss Mary Bowyer Miss Rebecca Bowyer Master John Wood Miss Ann Wood Elizabeth Wood Mary Wood Master Chas. Cuthbert Miss Sarah Cuthbert Miss Eliz. Shannican Miss Lavina Mapler Master Geo Taylor Mr. John Parker Mr. John Crawley John Reed Willm. Crichat John Walker Edward Merrett John Tucker James Mitchel James Collins one Servant (Signed) Jeffery Jackson	The muster roll of the Speke continued with the rest of her crew and her passengers, and her commander, Jeffery Jackson, signed it. Benjamin Willing, caulker's mate Robert Barrett, ship's steward Alexander Mabelin, cooper Robert Mills, cooper's mate John Hynes, gunner's mate William Bendle, boatswain's mate Richard Tumbler, sailmaker William Wester, armourer Ralph Brown, butcher Samuel Kircholt, baker Robert Norris, poulterer James Bosworth, [...] steward Alexander Brown, quartermaster John Stewart, quartermaster Martin Allen, quartermaster Richard Hardy, quartermaster John Cook, seaman Henry Watson, seaman Richard Butler, seaman William Brown senior, seaman Stephen Chamberlain, seaman Thomas Jennings, seaman James Smith, seaman James Finnason, seaman Samuel Moore, seaman Thomas Hammon, seaman William Brown, seaman Charles Davis, seaman John Clancy, seaman Richard Greeves, seaman Adam Gladson, seaman Robert Brightwell, seaman John Waddle, seaman William Bendey, seaman John Short, seaman Robert Hobson, seaman James Archibald, seaman William Nelson, seaman James Massey, seaman Robert Bruce, seaman William Langrove, seaman William Hinds, seaman John Clements, seaman Thomas Stevens, seaman William Anderson, seaman Thomas Dudgeon, seaman Thomas Saunderson, seaman Matthew Brush, seaman Thomas Wrangle, seaman James Love, seaman William Needham, seaman William Shaw, seaman John Edwards, seaman John Wright, seaman John Ford, seaman Manuel Jose, seaman Joseph Grenaida, seaman Jeffery Richards, seaman Samuel McNamara, seaman William Low, seaman John Collins, seaman William Watson, seaman William Benson, seaman John Taylor, seaman Peter Malone, seaman Henry Johnson, seaman Andrew Young, seaman Jacob Ralph, seaman Jacob Holler, seaman John Oatliff, seaman James William, seaman Charles Flanagan, seaman James Weaby, seaman Charles Tanner, seaman Henry Kingsey, seaman Francis Reed, seaman Thomas Bell, seaman John Gall, seaman James Denham, seaman John Jones, seaman Joseph Williams, seaman William Harris, seaman Isaac Roberts, seaman Henry McDonald, seaman Edward Masters, seaman Passengers John Smith, England's servant Arthur Cuthbert, with seven servants Mrs Wood, with three servants Mrs Hopkins Mrs Cuthbert Miss Mary Bowyer Miss Rebecca Bowyer Master John Wood Miss Ann Wood Elizabeth Wood Mary Wood Master Charles Cuthbert Miss Sarah Cuthbert Miss Elizabeth Shannecan Miss Leonora Muller Master George Taylor Mr John Peake Mr John Crawley John Reed William Crichat John Walters Edward Merrett John Tucker James Mitchell James Collins One servant Interpretations The Speke carried whole families home from Madras, with children travelling alongside their mothers and servants. Arthur Cuthbert sailed with his wife, two children and seven servants, and Mrs Wood with four children and three servants. British families in India commonly sent their children to England for schooling, the same step Henry Bazett had taken with his daughter. Servants on such voyages were usually Indian ayahs and bearers who cared for the children at sea. Some were later left in England to find their own way home, which became a recognised problem in London by the end of the century.
120	113	1775 The Storekeeper this day Delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Royal Charlotte. Account of Stores short received from Ship Royal Charlotte c q lb 1 .. .. 15 Candy .. 1 . 4 do. Fine Short Weight occasioned by Wastage. St. Helena 6th May 1775 (Signed) Jonn. Doveton Storekeeper Sergeant Thomas Meares this day applied to Us to pay one hundred pounds into the Honorable Company's Cash, which Sum We have received and given him Bills of Exchange, drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors, payable to himself or his Attorney (or Order) at Ninety Days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The storekeeper presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Royal Charlotte. Jonathan Doveton signed it at St Helena on 6 May 1775. Stores short delivered from the ship Royal Charlotte Sugar candy, 1 cwt 0 qr 15 lb Fine sugar candy, 0 cwt 1 qr 4 lb Both shortfalls due to loss of weight in transit Sergeant Thomas Mears asked the Council to let him pay £100 0s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors. The bills were payable at 90 days' sight to Mears himself or to his attorney or order. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations A sergeant earned £7 10s 0d a quarter, so £100 0s 0d was more than three years' pay. Mears could hardly have saved such a sum from his wages alone. Soldiers on the island often had other sources of income, such as keeping a shop or a punch house, working on the Company's building works for extra pay, or trading with passing ships. Making the bills payable to himself or his attorney suggests he meant to bank the money in England, perhaps for a family there or for his own discharge and return home.
121	114	8th May At a Consultation held on Monday the 8th day of May 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 6 of May 1775. William Taylor Sergeant James Beard John Jones David Grant Robert Frost and Thomas Elliott Private this day Petitioned for their Discharges from the Garrison having served the Honble. Company their Contracted times. Granted Thomas Penree Private having only three Months of his Contracted time to serve the Honble. Company as a Soldier on this Island and being sent for by his Friends to his Native Country, requested We would grant him his Discharge he having procured John Parker to serve the remainder of his Contracted time. Granted Samuel Kitson and William Brooks having served the Honorable Company as Soldiers, the former thirty two Years and the latter twenty eight applied for their Discharges from the Garrison. In consideration of their long Services and being Men advanced in Years We have granted them their Discharges. The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of April last were this day laid before Us which were Examined approved, and are as follow Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 8 May 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 6 May 1775. Sergeant William Taylor and the privates James Baird, John Jones, David Grant, Robert Frost and Thomas Elliott asked to be discharged from the garrison. Each had served the full term he had signed for. The Council granted their request. Thomas Penrice, a private, had three months left of his agreed service. His friends had sent for him to return to his home country. He asked to be discharged and had found John Parker to serve out the rest of his term. The Council granted the request. Samuel Kitson and William Brooks had served the Company as soldiers for 32 and 28 years. They asked to be discharged from the garrison. The Council granted their discharge in view of their long service and their age. The Council then examined and approved the artillery stores accounts and the steward's accounts for April 1775. Interpretations Penrice was released early because he found a substitute, and the Council did not simply hold him to his last three months. A soldier's term was a debt of service owed to the Company, and it could be paid by another man as long as the garrison lost no strength. John Parker took on Penrice's remaining time, so the Company kept its numbers and Penrice could take the passage his friends had arranged. Penrice probably paid Parker for the favour, but that private bargain lay outside the Council's record. Six men took their discharge at the end of their terms, although the Company was then offering £10 0s 0d to every soldier who would re-enlist. The bounty had kept 22 men in March 1775, but it could not keep all of them. The discharged men would now wait on the island, drawing 6d a day, until a ship could carry them home.
122	115	1775 Artillery Stores Expended in April 1775 Guns fired, 18 lbs., 9 lbs., 6 lbs., 4 lbs., 3 lbs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz 1 A Double Alarm: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 6, 3 lbs. 3, Powder Expended lb 21, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived 2 Swede Ships: Guns fired 16, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 12, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 23, Powder Expended oz 8 2 An Alarm, and Arrived the True Briton (no salute): Guns fired 6, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 3 A Double Alarm: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 6, 3 lbs. 3, Powder Expended lb 21, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived a Dane: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 4 An Alarm at Prosp. Bay & Turks Cap: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 6, 3 lbs. 3, Powder Expended lb 21, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived a Dane Ship: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 8 Departed the Thames: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 do. 2 Dane Ships: Guns fired 13, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 14, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 27, Powder Expended oz 0 9 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Ceres: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 12 Departed the said Ship: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 14 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived a French: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 15 Departed the True Briton: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 18 do. A French Ship: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 24 A Double Alarm for 3 Ships Passing by: Guns fired 12, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 8, 3 lbs. 4, Powder Expended lb 20, Powder Expended oz 8 25 An Alarm for 1 Ship do.: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 26 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Royal Charlotte: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 27 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Speke: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 28 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived a French Ship, fired 2 Shot at her to Salute: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 2, 9 lbs. 3, 6 lbs. 4, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 25, Powder Expended oz 6 Departed the Osterly: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 For a General Field Day: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 137, Powder Expended oz 12 For Sundry Services 63 . 12 & practice at Ruperts 157: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 211, Powder Expended oz 12 Total: Guns fired 223, 18 lbs. 2, 9 lbs. 55, 6 lbs. 85, 4 lbs. 54, 3 lbs. 27, Powder Expended lb 735, Powder Expended oz 6 Lead Ball lb 4 . 8 oz Tallow 11 Match 1 lb Tompions 7 Spunge Heads 2 Rammer do. 2 Handspikes 4 Sheep Skins 6 Trunk Nails 246 Cartridge Paper 7 Quires (Signed) James Tippet Captain of Artillery	The artillery stores used in April 1775 were recorded as follows. Each line gives the guns fired by size and the powder spent. Artillery stores used in April 1775 1 April, a double alarm, 9 guns fired: 6 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, powder 21 lb 0 oz 1 April, arrival of 2 Swedish ships, 16 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 12 six-pounders, powder 23 lb 8 oz 2 April, an alarm and the arrival of the True Briton, with no salute, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 3 April, a double alarm, 9 guns fired: 6 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, powder 21 lb 0 oz 3 April, arrival of a Danish ship, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 4 April, an alarm at Prosperous Bay and Turk's Cap, 9 guns fired: 6 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, powder 21 lb 0 oz 4 April, arrival of a Danish ship, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 8 April, departure of the Thames, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 8 April, departure of 2 Danish ships, 13 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 9 six-pounders, powder 27 lb 0 oz 9 April, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 9 April, arrival of the Ceres, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 13 April, departure of the Ceres, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 14 April, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 14 April, arrival of a French ship, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 15 April, departure of the True Briton, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 18 April, departure of a French ship, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 24 April, a double alarm for 3 ships passing, 12 guns fired: 8 four-pounders, 4 three-pounders, powder 20 lb 8 oz 25 April, an alarm for 1 ship, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 26 April, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 26 April, arrival of the Royal Charlotte, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 27 April, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 27 April, arrival of the Speke, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 28 April, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 28 April, arrival of a French ship, with 2 shot fired at her before she saluted, 9 guns fired: 2 eighteen-pounders, 3 nine-pounders, 4 six-pounders, powder 25 lb 6 oz 28 April, departure of the Osterley, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz General field day, powder 137 lb 12 oz Various duties, including practice at Rupert's, powder 211 lb 12 oz Total, 223 guns fired: 2 eighteen-pounders, 55 nine-pounders, 85 six-pounders, 54 four-pounders, 27 three-pounders, powder 735 lb 6 oz Other stores used Lead ball, 4 lb 8 oz Tallow, 1½ lb Match, 1 lb Tompions, [...] Sponge heads, 2 Rammer heads, 2 Handspikes, 4 Sheepskins, 6 Trunk nails, 246 Cartridge paper, 7 quires James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Interpretations The guns served two purposes, and the record kept them apart. Alarms were fired from the small four- and three-pounders at the outposts whenever a sail was sighted. The number of shots told the Castle how many ships were coming, a single alarm for one ship and a double alarm for several. Salutes on arrival and departure were fired from the heavier nine- and six-pounders in the town batteries and were a matter of courtesy between ships and the fort. The French ship of 28 April 1775 was fired on with two shot from the eighteen-pounders before she saluted. A foreign ship entering the road was expected to salute the fort first, as a sign that she recognised the King's sovereignty over the island. The Frenchman had failed to do so, and the two shot fired across her bows forced her to pay the salute. The True Briton arrived on 2 April 1775 without a salute, but she was a Company ship whose arrival needed no such sign. Practice at the new range at Rupert's used far more powder than all the month's salutes together. The range was finished in April 1775, and its first month of use showed the artillery training with live firing as well as firing for ceremony. Tompions were wooden plugs fitted into the muzzles of guns to keep out rain and spray. Sheepskins were used to cover the sponges that cleaned out the bore after each shot.
123	116	8th May Sundry's Expended at the Honorable Company's Table in April 1775. 56 Bottles Madeira £ 3 . 10 .. 6 do. Port .. 9 . 6 15 do. Lisbon 1 . 3 . 9 3 do. Mountain .. 4 . 9 66 do. Beer 1 . 2 .. 14½ Gallns. Arrack 2 . 4 . 3 31 lb Beef .. 7 . 9 301 lb Mutton 6 . 5 . 5 6 Turkeys 1 . 10 .. 6 Fowls .. 9 .. 12 Ducks .. 18 . 78 lb Candy 1 . 16 .. 545 Flour 5 .. 1 £ 25 .. 6 Bought for the Table 209½ lb Beef @ 6 5 . 4 . 10½ 23 do. @ 3½ .. 5 . 10½ 4 Turkeys 1 .. .. 26 Fowls 1 . 19 .. 11 Ducks .. 16 . 6 2 Geese .. 10 . 7 Pigs 1 . 15 .. £ 11 . 11 . 3 We have granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange Viz.	The stores used at the Company's table in April 1775 were recorded as follows. Stores used at the Company's table, April 1775 Madeira wine, 56 bottles, £3 10s 0d Port wine, 6 bottles, £0 9s 6d Lisbon wine, 15 bottles, £1 3s 9d Mountain wine, 3 bottles, £0 4s 9d Beer, 66 bottles, £1 2s 0d Arrack, 14½ gallons, £2 4s 3d Beef, 31 lb, £0 7s 9d Mutton, 301 lb, £6 5s 5d Turkeys, 6, £1 10s 0d Fowls, 6, £0 9s 0d Ducks, 12, £0 18s 0d Sugar candy, 78 lb, £1 16s 0d Flour, 565 lb, £5 0s 1d Total from the stores, £25 0s 6d Bought for the table Beef, 209½ lb at 6d a lb, £5 4s 10½d Beef, 25 lb at [...], £0 5s 10½d Turkeys, 4, £1 0s 0d Fowls, 26, £1 19s 0d Ducks, 11, £0 16s 6d Geese, 2, £0 10s 0d Pigs, 7, £1 15s 0d Total bought for the table, £11 11s 3d The Council granted the following sets of bills of exchange. Interpretations The Castle table drew wine from four sources, each with its own character. Madeira was the staple, a fortified wine that kept well on long voyages and was the favourite drink of the East India trade. Lisbon wine was a sweet white from the hills around Lisbon. Mountain was a sweet wine from the hills behind Malaga in Spain, and port came from the Douro valley in Portugal. All four reached the island by ship, and only the sturdiest wines survived the heat of a voyage through the tropics. Fresh beef for the table was bought from islanders at 6d a pound, while the table's mutton came from the Company's own flock. That flock had only recently been rebuilt, which shows the Company already drawing on it for the Castle while islanders' cattle supplied the beef.
124	117	1775 One Set to Mr. William Wrangham for one hundred pounds payable to Mr. John Wilkinson (or Order) And One Set Thomas Cole for fifty pounds, payable to Mr. James Baldwin (or Order) both drawn at Ninety Days sight. The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Speke Viz. Account of Stores short received from Ship Speke. 5 Gallons Arrack short of the Gauge 8 May 1775 (Signed) Jonn. Doveton Storekeeper John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham Margin Notes: Ed.	The Council issued two sets of bills of exchange, both payable at 90 days' sight. William Wrangham received one set for £100 0s 0d, payable to John Wilkinson or his order. Thomas Cole received the other for £50 0s 0d, payable to James Baldwin or his order. The storekeeper presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Speke. Jonathan Doveton signed it on 8 May 1775, and Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed with him. Stores short delivered from the ship Speke Arrack, 5 gallons short of the gauged measure Interpretations Thomas Cole was the fourth mate of the Speke. Even junior officers of an East Indiaman were allowed a share of private trade, and Cole's £50 0s 0d was probably the profit of goods sold on the island during the ship's stay. Bills on the Court let him send it home in safety. The arrack was measured against its gauge, the capacity of each cask worked out with a gauging rod when it was filled at Madras. A cask that arrived holding less than its gauged amount showed leakage or evaporation on the voyage. The shortfall was recorded so the cost could be set against the ship's account if the loss was found to be the ship's fault.
125	118	15th May At a Consultation held on Monday the 15 day of May 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 8 May 1775. Thursday the 11 Sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Speke for England. Thomas Roades Sergeant Richard Speight and Thomas Green Matrosses, Michael Kerry, John White and Samuel Clare Private this Day Petitioned for their Discharges from the Garrison having served the Honorable Company their Contracted times. Granted Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of April last, which is as follows Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 15 May 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 8 May 1775. The Company's ship Speke sailed for England on Thursday 11 May 1775. Sergeant Thomas Rhodes, the matrosses Richard Smith and Thomas Green, and the privates Michael Kerry, John White and Samuel Clare asked to be discharged from the garrison. Each had served the Company for the full term he had signed for. The Council granted their request. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for April 1775.
126	119	1775 Cash Dr. 1775 April 1 To Balance remaining £ 9603 . 4 . 9½ 6 To Ship Thames 4 . 2 . 4 12 To Exchange for two Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable as follows Viz. One Set to Mattw. Purling Esqr. £ 150 . do. do. to Mr. Mattw. Humphry 45 . 195 .. 13 To Ship Ceres 2 . 2 . 11 14 To Ship True Briton 4 . 9 . 10 24 To Ship Osterly 2 . 17 . 6 To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable to John Knottsford Esqr. (or Order) 1000 .. £ 10811 . 17 . 4½ Per Contra Cr. 1775 April 30 By Balance remaining Viz. In Specie £ 10272 . 2 . 4½ In Cash Notes 539 . 15 .. 10811 . 17 . 4½ £ 10811 . 17 . 4½	The Company's cash account for April 1775 set the money received against the balance remaining. Cash, debit 1 April 1775, balance remaining, £9,603 4s 9½d 6 April 1775, ship Thames, £4 2s 4d 12 April 1775, exchange for two sets of bills on the Court of Directors Set payable to Matthew Purling, £150 0s 0d Set payable to Matthew Humphrey, £45 0s 0d Total for the two sets, £195 0s 0d 13 April 1775, ship Ceres, £2 2s 11d 14 April 1775, ship True Briton, £4 9s 10d 24 April 1775, ship Osterley, £2 17s 6d Exchange for a set of bills on the Court of Directors payable to John Knollsford, £1,000 0s 0d Total, £10,811 17s 4½d Cash, credit 30 April 1775, balance remaining in coin, £10,272 2s 4½d 30 April 1775, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £10,811 17s 4½d Total, £10,811 17s 4½d Interpretations Nothing was paid out of the chest in April 1775, and almost all of the month's increase came from selling bills of exchange. Fortescue's £1,000 0s 0d and the two smaller sets brought in £1,195 0s 0d in coin, against barely £14 0s 0d from the ships. Selling bills was in effect a way of borrowing silver on the island and repaying it in London. Each bill added coin to the chest at once, while the Court of Directors met the cost months later at East India House. The garrison's pay for the next quarter could thus be found on the spot without waiting for treasure from England. The cash notes stood at £539 15s 0d, the same figure as at the end of March 1775. None had been redeemed or newly issued during the month, so they appear to have circulated on the island as a steady stock of paper money.
127	120	20th May Messieurs Jonathan Doveton and Thomas Bazett were this Day sworn into the Office of Church Wardens. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham At a Consultation held on Saturday the 20th Day of May 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 15 May 1775. Monday the 15th Arrived his Majesty's Ship Resolution from her Voyage to the South Seas (last from the Cape) do. do. do. the Dutton's Boat at Bankes at 9 o'Clock at Night. do. do. do. The Honorable Company's Ship Dutton from Bengal (last from the Cape) and brought Us the following Supply.	Jonathan Doveton and Thomas Bazett were sworn into office as churchwardens on 15 May 1775. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 20 May 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 15 May 1775. His Majesty's ship Resolution arrived on Monday 15 May 1775 from her voyage to the South Seas, coming last from the Cape. The boat of the Dutton reached Banks's at nine o'clock that night. The Company's ship Dutton arrived the same day from Bengal, also coming last from the Cape, and brought the following supplies. Interpretations The Resolution was Captain James Cook's ship, returning from his second voyage of discovery. Over three years she had crossed the Antarctic Circle and sailed the Pacific in search of a great southern continent, proving that no such land existed in temperate latitudes. Her call at St Helena was one of her last stops before England. The voyage was also notable for keeping scurvy at bay among her crew through diet and cleanliness. The register recorded her arrival in the same plain terms as any other ship.
128	121	1775 Invoice of Ship Dutton Fine Rice 60 Bags weighing 120 Mds. @ 2 . 3 . 6 pr. Md. 273 . 6 . 6 Paddy 40 Bags do. 60 Mds. @ 14 pr. do. 60 . 14 . 6 Sugar 10 Bags do. 20 @ 9 Cr. pr. do. 180 .. Wax Candles 4 Chests do. 8 @ 60 pr. do. 480 .. Gunneys 2 Bales Containing 500 @ 16 As. pr. do. 36 . 6 . 6 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers @ 200 pr. Leager 432 .. 1517 . 11 . 6 Charges Merchandize 15 Seer Jute Twine @ 4 . 8 pr. Md. 1 . 11 .. 25 Jute Rope @ 3 do. 1 . 14 .. 180 Gunney Bags @ 16 As. pr. % 31 . 1 . 6 20 Gunneys @ 16 pr. do. 3 .. 3 3 Pr. Cowrah of 16 Cobits @ 1 . 4 pr. Pr. 4 . 4 . 9 2 Seer Nails @ 7 Cr. pr. Md. .. 13 . 6 50 Reed Matts @ 12 . 8 pr. % 10 . 12 . 9 4 Mango Plank Chests @ 3 pr. Chest 12 . 15 . 6 4 Oil .. 1 .. Peons 4 . 5 . 3 Boat hire 64 . 12 . 9 Coopers Work 2 . 2 . 6 Weighmen do. 1 . 8 .. Packermen do. 2 . 7 . 6 Cooley hire 23 . 14 .. Dust 2 .. 167 . 15 . 3 Current Rupees 1685 . 10 . 9 Errors Excepted (Signed) Willm. Wood Sub Acct.	The Dutton brought the following supplies from Bengal, valued in current rupees, annas and pies. Invoice of the ship Dutton Fine rice, 60 bags weighing 120 bazaar maunds at [...] a maund, 273 rupees 6 annas 6 pies Paddy, 40 bags weighing 60 factory maunds at [...] a maund, 60 rupees 14 annas 6 pies Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds at 9 rupees a maund, 180 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds at 60 rupees a maund, 480 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Gunny cloth, 2 bales containing 500 pieces at [...], 36 rupees 6 annas 6 pies Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers at [...] a leaguer, 432 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Total for the goods, 1,462 rupees 11 annas 6 pies Charges on the goods Jute twine, 15 seers at [...], 1 rupee 11 annas 0 pies Jute rope, 25 seers at [...], 1 rupee 14 annas 0 pies Gunny bags, 180 at [...], 31 rupees 1 anna 6 pies Gunny cloths, 20 at [...], 3 rupees 3 annas 0 pies Gurrah cloth of 16 cubits for covering the chests, 3 pieces at [...], 4 rupees 4 annas 9 pies Nails, 2 seers at [...], 0 rupees 13 annas 6 pies Reed mats, 50 at [...], 10 rupees 12 annas 9 pies Mango-wood chests, 4 at [...], 13 rupees 15 annas 6 pies [...], 0 rupees 1 anna 0 pies Oil, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pies [...] irons, 64 rupees 12 annas 9 pies Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pies Coopers' work, 1 rupee 8 annas 0 pies Weighmen's work, 2 rupees 7 annas 6 pies Packers' work, 23 rupees 14 annas 0 pies Porters' hire, 2 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Duty, 0 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Total charges, 167 rupees 15 annas 3 pies Total in current rupees, 1,630 rupees 10 annas 9 pies William West signed the invoice as sub-accountant, subject to correction of any errors. Interpretations The current rupee was a money of account used in Bengal, not a coin. Its value was fixed at a set rate below the silver sicca rupee actually minted, so merchants could compare coins of different ages and purity against one standard. A maund was the Bengal unit of weight. The bazaar maund used in the markets differed from the lighter factory maund used in the Company's own warehouses, which is why the invoice named both. Wax candles cost 60 rupees a maund, far more than tallow, but beeswax burned cleaner and longer without the smoke and smell of animal fat. Bengal produced wax cheaply from wild bees in its forests, and the candles were probably meant for the Castle and the church. Gurrah was a coarse, unbleached cotton cloth woven in Bengal and used for wrapping goods and covering chests. Mango wood was the common timber for packing chests in Bengal, being soft, cheap and easy to saw.
129	122	20th May The Storekeeper this Day Delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Dutton. Account of Stores short received from Ship Dutton Viz. c q lb 4 .. 20 Rice 3 . 3 . 4 Paddy .. 3 . 22 Sugar .. .. 9 Candles Short Weight occasioned by Wastage 20 May 1775 (Signed) Jonn. Doveton Storekeeper Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ship Dutton to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows Viz. Muster Roll of Ship Dutton Henry Rice Commandr. Thos. Ward 1 Mate John Durand 2 do. Henry Rice 3 do. James Kent 4 do. Roger Adams 5 do. Robt. Hunter 6 do. James Moffatt Surgeon Robt. Sharp Purser John Wilson Gunner Jn. Mc. Collar Boatswain Joseph Hoar Carpt. James Thwaite Ships Stew. Willm. Gale Captn. do. Sanden Gage Midshipn. Nanven Lowes do. Thos. Danton do. Michl. Thomas do. Wm. Stephens do. Chas. Hickman do. Jas. O Lucas do. Edm. Grand do. Robt. Pick Mid. Jn. Robertson do. Thos. Taunton do. Joseph Hill do. Jas. Bruce 2 Master David Brown do. Robt. Robinson do. Jon. Moulton do. Patk. Patterson Bn. M. Wm. Mackrell 2 do. Jn. Fisher Cooper	The storekeeper presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Dutton. Jonathan Doveton signed it on 20 May 1775. Stores short delivered from the ship Dutton Rice, 4 cwt 0 qr 20 lb Paddy, 3 cwt 3 qr 4 lb Sugar, 0 cwt 3 qr 22 lb Wax candles, 0 cwt 0 qr 9 lb All shortfalls due to loss of weight in transit William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the Dutton to muster her crew and to search for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll followed. Muster roll of the ship Dutton Henry Rice, commander Thomas Ward, first mate John Durand, second mate Henry Rea, third mate James Rend, fourth mate Roger Adams, fifth mate Robert Hunter, sixth mate James Moffatt, surgeon Robert Sherriff, purser John Wilson, gunner James McCollar, boatswain Joseph Hoar, carpenter James Thwaite, ship's steward William Gale, captain's steward Sanden Gage, midshipman Warren Lowes, midshipman Thomas Danton, midshipman Michael Thomas, midshipman William Stephens, midshipman Charles Hickman, midshipman James O'Lucas, midshipman Edmund Grand, midshipman Robert Peck, midshipman John Robertson, midshipman Thomas Taunton, midshipman Joseph Hill, midshipman James Bruce, quartermaster David Brown, quartermaster Robert Robinson, quartermaster Jonathan Moulton, quartermaster Patrick Patterson, boatswain's mate William Maxwell, second boatswain's mate John Fisher, cooper Interpretations The Dutton carried 12 midshipmen, far more than she needed to work the ship. Midshipmen on an East Indiaman were young men training to become officers, and places were much sought after because a commander could make a fortune from private trade. Their families often paid the commander a premium to take them, and some came aboard through the patronage of the Directors or the ship's owners. A large berth of midshipmen therefore showed a commander with good connections and a profitable post.
130	123	1775 William Barlow Caulker Wm. Maddox Carpr. Mt. John Frances Coopers do. John Miller Caulkers do. John Tonston Gunners do. John Pocock Sailmaker Adam Camp Ships Cook Michl. Burn Poulterer John Nicklow Captn. Cook Edward Camp Butcher James Briggs Baker John Pounds Seaman John Hoar Wm. James Joseph Ash James Walker Henry John John Bird Robt. Brown Patk. Cunningham Willm. Manners Eaton Coggeshall Geo Mc. Farlery Henry Cross Hudson Scrafton Seaman William May John Parry Thos. Underhill John Stephenson Willm. Crowther Alexd. Berwick John Newton Edward Salter Geo Duncan John Call James Nisbett Jacob Smith John Parker Thomas Tyson John Washarb John Bread John Winn William Williams Wm. Bramacam Hugh Gabell Thomas Clagg Charles Dixson Edward Bower Seaman Robt. Morton John Kennison Peter Tomlinson John Lush James Cavanor James Chapson Wm. Wm. Jones Stephen Cloudes Willm. Boyce Thomas Speed Robt. Davidson John Street Thomas Williams Christ. Hill Thos. Wendorff Stephen Ash Joseph Wheeler Joseph Callaham John James Samuel Smith John Cummins Stewart Lavell Passengers John Graham Esqr. James Lawrell Esqr. Colonel L. Mc. Lean Mr. John Rutledge Lieu. G. Russell The Honble. Fredk. Stewart Mr. James Johnson Mr. Chas. Middleton Mrs. Graham Mrs. Johnson Wm. Bright Thos. Upjohn George Caesar Servants (Signed) Henry Rice	The muster roll of the Dutton continued with the rest of her crew and her passengers, and her commander, Henry Rice, signed it. William Barlow, caulker William Maddox, carpenter's mate John Frances, cooper's mate John Milke, caulker's mate John Tonston, gunner's mate John Pocock, sailmaker Adam Camp, ship's cook Michael Burn, poulterer John Nichlow, captain's cook Edward Camp, butcher James Briggs, baker John Pounds, seaman John Hoar, seaman William James, seaman Joseph Ash, seaman James Walker, seaman Henry John, seaman John Bird, seaman Robert Brown, seaman Patrick Cunningham, seaman William Manners, seaman Eaton Coggeshall, seaman George McFarling, seaman Henry Cross, seaman Hudson Scrafton, seaman William May, seaman John Parry, seaman Thomas Underhill, seaman John Stephenson, seaman William Crowther, seaman Alexander Berwick, seaman John Newton, seaman Edward Salter, seaman George Duncan, seaman John Call, seaman James Nisbett, seaman Jacob Smith, seaman John Parker, seaman Thomas Tyson, seaman John Wesbach, seaman John Bread, seaman John Winn, seaman William Williams, seaman William Bramacam, seaman Hugh Gabell, seaman Thomas Clegg, seaman Charles Dixon, seaman Edward Bowes, seaman Robert Morton, seaman John Rumson, seaman Peter Tomlinson, seaman John Lusk, seaman James Cavaner, seaman James Chesson, seaman William Jones, seaman Stephen Clowder, seaman William Boyce, seaman Thomas Speed, seaman Robert Davidson, seaman John Steel, seaman Thomas Williams, seaman Christopher Hill, seaman Thomas Hendorff, seaman Stephen Ash, seaman Joseph Wheeler, seaman Joseph Callaham, seaman John James, seaman Samuel Smith, seaman John Cummins, seaman Stewart Lavell, seaman Passengers John Graham James Lawrell Colonel L. McLean Mr John Rutledge Lieutenant G. Russell The Honourable Frederick Stuart Mr James Johnson Mrs Charles Middleton Mrs Graham Mrs Johnson William Bright, servant Thomas Upjohn, servant George, servant Caesar, servant Interpretations The servants George and Caesar were entered by first name only, while William Bright and Thomas Upjohn had full English names. Single names, and above all a classical name such as Caesar, were usually given to African or Indian servants, many of whom were slaves bought in India and taken home by their masters. The Dutton's passengers were senior men returning from Bengal, among them a colonel and the son of a peer. Such men often brought slave servants with them to England, where their legal status had been thrown into doubt by the Somerset judgment of 1772.
131	124	20th May Mr. Britannicus Alexander Wright, this day applied to Us to pay seventy pounds, ten shillings into the Honorable Company's Cash, which Sum We have received and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable to Mr. Thomas Ward (or Order) at Ninety Days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Britannicus Alexander Wright asked the Council on 20 May 1775 to let him pay £70 10s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors. The bills were payable at 90 days' sight to Thomas Ward or his order. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations Thomas Ward was the first mate of the Dutton, which had arrived from Bengal on 15 May 1775. Wright was most likely paying Ward for goods bought from his share of the ship's private trade. Ward, as an officer, would rather be paid in a bill on London than in coin he would have to guard for the rest of the voyage. Wright's cash went into the Company's chest, and Ward collected the same sum at East India House when the ship reached home.
132	125	22nd May At a Consultation held on Monday the 22 day of May 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 20 of April 1775. Last Night Sailed his Majesty's Ship Resolution for England do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Dutton for do. The Executors to the last Will and Testament of Mrs. Jane Bagley Deceased this day presented the said Will, desiring the same might be proved, which was Accordingly done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto, the Will is as follows Viz. In the Name of God Amen, I Jane Bagley of the Island St. Helena Widow being of sound and disposing Mind, Memory and Understanding, do hereby make, Publish and Declare this my last Will and Testament in Manner and form following. Whereas by the last Will and Testament of my beloved Husband he Bequeathed me the Sum of five hundred Pounds as a Legacy, intirely at my own Disposal, also a Legacy of fifteen pounds as Executrix to his Will and Testament, Which Legacies with the Interest that may be due to me thereon, I esteem as my Estate, and dispose of in the following Manner. Item. To my Friend the Revd. Mr. William Lee I give the Sum of One hundred and fifty Pounds. Item. To my Brother in Law Edward Bagley and my Sister in law Martha Bagley I give the Sum of ten pounds each.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 22 May 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 20 May 1775. His Majesty's ship Resolution and the Company's ship Dutton both sailed for England the previous night. The executors of the late Jane Bagley presented her will and asked for it to be proved. The witnesses to the will swore to it, and the Council proved it accordingly. The will set out its terms as follows. Jane Bagley, a widow of St Helena, declared that she made her will while of sound mind and memory. Her late husband had left her £500 0s 0d in his own will, to dispose of entirely as she chose. He had also left her a further £15 0s 0d for acting as executor of his will. She counted these two legacies, together with any interest due on them, as her estate. She left £150 0s 0d to her friend the Reverend William Lee. She left £10 0s 0d each to her brother-in-law Edward Bagley and her sister-in-law Martha Bagley. Interpretations Richard Bagley left his wife £500 0s 0d entirely at her own disposal, not for her lifetime only. That choice gave her the power to make a will of her own. A widow left only a life interest could use the income but had no say over where the money went after her death. An absolute legacy became her own property to pass on as she wished. Jane Bagley used that power within weeks of her husband's death, when she knew her own end was near. The £15 0s 0d left to her as executor was a customary payment for the trouble of settling the estate. It was kept separate from her main legacy so that it would not be lost if the estate fell short of paying all its gifts.
133	126	22nd May Item. To Orlando Bagley, Jane Leech, Margaret Whaley and the Reverend Mr. Robartes Carr I give the Sum of ten pounds each, also to my friend Captain Henry Bazett I give the Sum of ten pounds for a Ring. Item. To Martin Bagley Senr. I give the Sum of fifteen pounds, and to Elizabeth the Daughter of John Bagley I give the Sum of five pounds. Item. To Hannah the Wife of John Goodwin, I give the Sum thirty pounds, To John Alexander I give the Sum of five pounds for a Ring. Item. To the Poor of this Island I give the Sum of thirty pounds to be Divided at the Discretion of my Executors. To Cecilia Stroud I give two Guineas for a Ring. Item. To my Slave Woman Abigail, and James her Son, I bequeath the Sum of One hundred Pounds, which I Direct shall be put at Interest, which Annual Interest shall be Divided between them until James shall arrive to the Age of eighteen Years, when the said Legacy of one hundred pounds shall be equally Divided between them. And do hereby Declare them both Free at my Decease. Item. To my Servants Benjamin and June I give the Sum of ten pounds each, And to my Servants Namely, Andrew, Jon, Mary, Doll, Patt and Ruth also Sam, Son of the said Ruth, I give the Sum of five pounds each, My Wearing Apparel I give to be Divided between my Maid Servants. After the aforesaid legacies are fully paid out of what my Deceased Husband has empowered me to Dispose of by his Will, the Overplus, or remainder I give to be equally Divided between my Executors hereafter Named. Lastly I Nominate, Constitute and appoint my Friends, Messrs. William Wrangham, Henry Bazett, Benjamin Mason and Robert Leech Executors to this my Will and Testament	Jane Bagley's will went on to leave £10 0s 0d each to Orlando Bagley, Jane Leech, Margaret Whaley and the Reverend Robartes Carr. Her friend Captain Henry Bazett received £10 0s 0d to buy a mourning ring. She left £15 0s 0d to Martin Bagley senior and £5 0s 0d to Elizabeth, the daughter of John Bagley. Flora, the wife of John Goodwin, received £20 0s 0d, and John Alexander £5 0s 0d for a ring. The poor of the island were to have £30 0s 0d, shared out as her executors thought fit. Cecilia Stroud received two guineas for a ring. She left £100 0s 0d to her slave woman Abigail and Abigail's son James. The money was to be lent out at interest, and the yearly interest shared between them until James reached the age of 18. The £100 0s 0d itself would then be split equally between them. She declared both of them free from the moment of her death. Her servants Benjamin and June each received £10 0s 0d. Her servants Andrew, Jem, Mary, Doll, Patt and Ruth, and Ruth's son Sam, each received £5 0s 0d. Her clothes were to be shared among her maidservants. Once all these legacies had been paid out of the money her husband had allowed her to dispose of, whatever remained was to be split equally among her executors. She appointed her friends William Wrangham, Henry Bazett, Benjamin Mason and Robert Leech as executors of her will. Interpretations Jane Bagley freed Abigail and James and also gave them the means to live as free people. A slave freed with nothing could fall into poverty and become a burden on the parish. On St Helena the Company had at times required an owner to give security that a freed slave would not need relief. The £100 0s 0d, lent out at interest, gave mother and son a small income while James grew up. It then gave each of them a lump sum when he came of age. Her other servants received cash gifts but were not declared free. The household probably included both slaves and free servants, and only Abigail and James were singled out for freedom. Several gifts were made "for a ring", meaning a mourning ring. Leaving money for rings to friends was a common custom. Each ring carried the dead person's name or initials and the date of death, and the wearer kept it in memory of the friendship.
134	127	1775 In Witness whereof I have here unto Set my Hand and Seal this twenty eight Day of April 1775. Signed Sealed and Declared by the Testatrix as her last Will and Testament in the presence of. (Signed) Robt. Gurling Jno. Doveton (Signed) Jane Bagley David Evans and William Daniels Private, this day Petitioned for their Discharges from the Garrison, having served the Honorable Company their Contracted Times. Granted. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Jane Bagley signed and sealed the will on 28 April 1775. Robert Girling and Jonathan Doveton witnessed her signing it and declaring it to be her last will. David Evans and William Daniels, both privates, asked to be discharged from the garrison. Each had served the Company for the full term he had signed for. The Council granted their request. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations Jane Bagley made her will on 28 April 1775, three days before she swore to the inventory of her husband's estate on 1 May 1775 and six days before her death on 4 May 1775. She was probably already ill when she made it. Settling both her husband's estate and her own in the same week ensured that the freedom she granted Abigail and James would take effect without question. Jonathan Doveton, who witnessed her will, had also valued her husband's goods, so the same small group of island officials handled every step of the Bagley estates.
135	128	29th May At a Consultation held on Monday the 29th Day of May 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated the 22 May 1775. Monday the 22nd Died Samuel Warren Sergeant. Friday the 26 Arrived A French Ship from the Mauritius called the Active, Captain Le Lonnae Burthen five hundred and fifty Tons, carrys twelve Guns and seventy three Men Loaden with Coffee Bound to Port L'Orient. Saturday the 27th Died Matthew Son of Lieutenant Thos. Bazett Yesterday Arrived A Dane Ship from Tranquebar called the Ganges, Captain Bagge, Burthen five hundred Tons carrys sixteen Guns and sixty Men, Loaden with Salt Petre and Bale Goods Bound to Copenhagen. do. do. Passed by a Ship at a great Distance. This Day there was a General Field Day on the Parade of the Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and Private Men of this Garrison.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 29 May 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 22 May 1775. Samuel Warren, a sergeant, died on Monday 22 May 1775. A French ship from Mauritius, the Active, under Captain Le Sonnau, arrived on Friday 26 May 1775. She was a vessel of 550 tons with 12 guns and 73 men. She carried a cargo of coffee and was bound for Port L'Orient. Matthew, the son of Lieutenant Thomas Bazett, died on Saturday 27 May 1775. A Danish ship from Tranquebar, the Ganges, under Captain Bagge, arrived on Sunday 28 May 1775. She was a vessel of 500 tons with 16 guns and 60 men. She carried saltpetre and bales of cloth and was bound for Copenhagen. A ship passed the island at a great distance the same day. A general field day for the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of the garrison was held on the parade on the day of the meeting. Interpretations The two foreign ships showed how many European nations shared the Cape route. Tranquebar was the Danish trading settlement on the Coromandel coast of India, and the Ganges carried the two goods Europeans most wanted from that coast. Saltpetre was the main ingredient of gunpowder, and bale goods were bales of Indian cotton cloth. The Active's coffee came from the French islands of Mauritius and Bourbon, where France had planted coffee to compete with the Dutch and Arab trade. St Helena, though British, gave water and fresh food to ships of every nation at peace with Britain, and each visit added to the island's trade.
136	129	1775 The Accountant Reports there is a mistake of fifty two pieces of Surat Chelloes in the Invoice of Ship Thames, having Charged two hundred pieces in the said Invoice and only one hundred and fifty in the Bill of Lading of which received, one hundred and forty eight. We therefore Directed the Accountant to Write off the said fifty two pieces to Account Current London. And shall mention the said Mistake to the President and Council of Bombay the next Opportunity. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The accountant reported an error of 52 pieces of Surat chelloes on the invoice of the Thames. The invoice charged the island for 200 pieces, but the bill of lading listed only 150, and only 148 had actually been received. The Council told the accountant to write off the 52 missing pieces to the London account current. It also resolved to point out the error to the President and Council at Bombay at the next opportunity. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The invoice and the bill of lading did different jobs, and the gap between them showed where the error lay. The invoice was Bombay's charge to St Helena for the goods. The bill of lading was the ship's signed receipt for what was actually put aboard. The Thames had signed for 150 pieces, so the extra 50 on the invoice had never been loaded and the mistake was Bombay's. Only the 2 pieces missing between the bill of lading and the warehouse could have been charged to the ship. The Council wrote off all 52 to the London account and did not pursue the ship for the 2. This left the Court of Directors to settle the matter with Bombay. It kept the island's own books clear of goods it had never received and avoided a small dispute with the Thames's commander.
137	130	5th June At a Consultation held on Monday the 5 Day of June 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 29 May 1775. Wednesday the 31st May Arrived the Sea Horses Boat at Bankes at ¾ of an Hour past 7 o'Clock in the morning. do. do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Sea Horse from Madrass (last from the Cape) Friday the 2nd June Sailed the French Ship Active for Port L'Orient. Yesterday do. do. the Dane Ship Ganges for Copenhagen. The Ship Sea Horse brought Us the following Supplys Viz. Invoice of Ship Sea Horse Bales 3 Long Cloth Superfine One Bale of No. 1 1 Pag. 245 . 2 .. 1 210 . 455 Packing 2 . 4 457 . 9 . One Bale of No. 3 2 . 10 @ 160 pr. Pc. 400 . Packing 2 . 9 402 . 9 . One Bale of No. 4 2 . 3 @ 130 279 . 18 Packing 2 . 9 281 . 27 1141 . 9 .. Bales 2 Long Cloth Fine Two Bales of 4 @ 74 . 24 . 30 pr. Corge 298 . 25 . 40 Packing @ 2 . 9 pr. Bale 4 . 18 . 303 . 7 . 40 Bales 2 Long Cloth Midling Two Bales of 4 @ 58 . 28 . 46 pr. Corge 235 . 6 . 24 Packing @ Ps. 2 . 9 pr. Bale 4 . 18 . 239 . 24 . 24 Carried Over 1684 . 4 . 64	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 5 June 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 29 May 1775. The boat of the Sea Horse reached Banks's at a quarter to eight in the morning on Wednesday 31 May 1775. The Company's ship Sea Horse arrived the same day from Madras, coming last from the Cape. The French ship Active sailed for Port L'Orient on Friday 2 June 1775. The Danish ship Ganges sailed for Copenhagen on Sunday 4 June 1775. The Sea Horse brought the following supplies, valued in pagodas, fanams and cash. Invoice of the ship Sea Horse Superfine longcloth, 3 bales Bale number 1, 1 corge at [...], 245 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Bale number 1, 1 corge at [...], 210 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Bale number 1, cloth, 455 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Bale number 1, packing, 2 pagodas 4 fanams 0 cash Total for bale number 1, 457 pagodas 9 fanams 0 cash Bale number 3, 2 corges at 160 pagodas a corge, 400 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Bale number 3, packing, 2 pagodas 9 fanams 0 cash Total for bale number 3, 402 pagodas 9 fanams 0 cash Bale number 4, 2 corges [...] at 130 pagodas a corge, 279 pagodas 18 fanams 0 cash Bale number 4, packing, 2 pagodas 9 fanams 0 cash Total for bale number 4, 281 pagodas 27 fanams 0 cash Total for superfine longcloth, 1,141 pagodas 9 fanams 0 cash Fine longcloth, 2 bales Two bales of 4 corges at 74 pagodas 24 fanams 30 cash a corge, 298 pagodas 25 fanams 40 cash Packing at 2 pagodas 9 fanams a bale, 4 pagodas 18 fanams 0 cash Total for fine longcloth, 303 pagodas 7 fanams 40 cash Middling longcloth, 2 bales Two bales of 4 corges at 58 pagodas 28 fanams 46 cash a corge, 235 pagodas 6 fanams 24 cash Packing at 2 pagodas 9 fanams a bale, 4 pagodas 18 fanams 0 cash Total for middling longcloth, 239 pagodas 24 fanams 24 cash Carried forward, 1,684 pagodas 4 fanams 64 cash Interpretations A corge was a bundle of 20 pieces of cloth, the standard trading unit for Indian textiles. The price per corge fell steeply with the grade. The superfine longcloth cost up to 245 pagodas a corge, more than four times the middling at about 59 pagodas. Superfine longcloth was fine enough for shirts and linen for the island's officials and their families, while the middling suited ordinary wear and the coarser needs of the garrison. Buying three grades let the storekeeper match his stock to every level of island society.
138	131	1775 Brought Over 1684 . 4 . 64 Bags 20 Rice 20 Bags pr. 3 Gros. c q lb 28 . 3 . 9 Tare @ 4 each .. .. 24 Nett 28 .. 13 is 136½ Maunds @ Pags. 100 . 21 . 7 pr. Garce 34 . 3 . 25 Bags 14 Paddy 14 Bags pr. 3 Gros. 13 . 2 . 10 Tare @ 4 each .. .. 2 . 11 Nett 13 .. 10 is 125 do. @ 7½ Marcalls pr. Pagoda 16 . 30 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers of 240 Gallons @ 48 pr. Leager 96 .. 1831 . 7 . 9 Charges Merchandize Gunney Bags 68 @ Ps. 5 pr. % 3 . 16 . 64 Twine .. 1 . 40 Tin Plates and Nails .. 9 .. Cooley hire on Rice, Paddy and Arrack .. 21 .. Weighing Cooley .. 2 . 30 Boat and Cooley hire on 3 Boats @ 10 . 20 pr. Boat .. 30 . 60 Tarpaulin hire on 2 Boats @ 4 pr. .. 8 .. 5 . 17 . 34 Pagoda's 1836 . 24 . 43 Errors Excepted (Signed) Geo. Moubray Accountant John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Sea Horse's invoice continued from the total of 1,684 pagodas 4 fanams 64 cash brought forward. Brought forward, 1,684 pagodas 4 fanams 64 cash Rice, 20 bags, gross weight 28 cwt 3 qr 9 lb Tare at 4 lb a bag, 0 cwt 2 qr 24 lb Net weight of rice, 28 cwt 0 qr 13 lb, or 136⅛ maunds, at 100 pagodas 21 fanams 7 cash a garce, 34 pagodas 8 fanams 25 cash Paddy, 14 bags, gross weight 13 cwt 2 qr 10 lb Tare at 4 lb a bag, 0 cwt 2 qr 0 lb Net weight of paddy, 13 cwt 0 qr 10 lb, or 125 maunds, at 7½ marcals a pagoda, 16 pagodas 30 fanams 0 cash Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers of 240 gallons at 48 pagodas a leaguer, 96 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Total for the goods, 1,831 pagodas 7 fanams 9 cash Charges on the goods Gunny bags, 68 at 5 pagodas per 100, 3 pagodas 16 fanams 64 cash Twine, 0 pagodas 1 fanam 40 cash Tin plates and nails, 0 pagodas 9 fanams 0 cash Porters' hire for the rice, paddy and arrack, 0 pagodas 21 fanams 0 cash Porters for weighing, 0 pagodas 2 fanams 30 cash Boat and porters' hire for 3 boats at 10 fanams 20 cash a boat, 0 pagodas 30 fanams 60 cash Tarpaulin hire for 2 boats at 4 fanams a boat, 0 pagodas 8 fanams 0 cash Total charges, 5 pagodas 17 fanams 34 cash Total, 1,836 pagodas 24 fanams 43 cash George Moubray signed the invoice as accountant, subject to correction of any errors. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham also signed it. Interpretations Madras priced its grain by measures of volume, not weight, so the invoice had to translate between the two systems. A garce was the large grain measure of the Coromandel coast, equal to 400 marcals, and rice was priced at so many pagodas per garce. Paddy was priced the other way round, at so many marcals for one pagoda. The accountant converted each into English hundredweights and Bengal maunds so that the storekeeper on St Helena could check the weight landed against the weight charged.
139	132	8th June At a Consultation held on Thursday the 8 Day of June 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Willm. Wrangham Absent being Sick. Mr. Mattw. Bazett of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 5 June 1775. Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ship Sea Horse to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows Viz. Muster Roll of Ship Sea Horse David Arthur Commandr. Willm. Brown 1 Mate Jos. Bailey 2 do. Jno. Chas. Benham 3 do. John S. Perkins 4 do. John Laird Surgeon John Wingrove Purser Teydell Pearce Captn. Stewd. Ralph Robinson Ships do. Thos. Blundell Carpenter Willm. Belson Boatn. Jn. Harrison Gunner Ad. Allebrick Caulker John Chambers Sailmaker Richd. Edmunds Cooper Jos. Campanias Cr. Cook Patrick Newman C. M. John Dowland S. Mate Elias Manby Cooper John Warner 2 Master Richd. Nicholson do. Jos. Bradley do. John Johnson do. Geo Romayne Mr. Cox. John Fry Midshipn. Richd. Cockley do. Willm. Bickles do. Saml. Walker C. Mate Nichl. French Boat. John Hewett Gunr. do. Willm. Dwer Seaman Willm. Robertson do. John Bread Seaman John Emmett Thos. Eccles Willm. White John Sedgwick Wm. Mc. Duly Willm. Dean Edward Younge Thos. Middleton John Joseph Richd. Pery Geo. Lish Geo Hammond Thos. Griffiths Jas. Wooley Hugh Waterson	The Council met at the Castle on Thursday 8 June 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille and Matthew Bazett were present. William Wrangham was absent through illness. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 5 June 1775. William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the Sea Horse to muster her crew and to search for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll followed. Muster roll of the ship Sea Horse David Arthur, commander William Brown, first mate James Bailey, second mate John Charles Benham, third mate John Leekins, fourth mate John Laird, surgeon John Wingrove, purser Twysdell Pearce, captain's steward Ralph Robinson, ship's steward Thomas Blundell, carpenter William Belson, boatswain James Harrison, gunner Abraham Albeck, caulker John Chambers, sailmaker Richard Edmunds, cooper James Campaneas, captain's cook Patrick Newman, carpenter's mate John Ondland, sailmaker's mate Elias Manby, cooper's mate John Warner, quartermaster Richard Nicholson, quartermaster James Bradley, quartermaster John Johnson, quartermaster George Romayne, midshipman and coxswain John Fry, midshipman Richard Cockley, midshipman William Beckles, midshipman Samuel Walker, carpenter's mate Nicholas French, boatswain's mate John Hewett, gunner's mate William Owen, seaman William Robertson, seaman John Bond, seaman John Emmett, seaman Thomas Eccles, seaman William White, seaman John Sedgwick, seaman William McDuly, seaman William Dean, seaman Edward Younge, seaman Thomas Middleton, seaman John Joseph, seaman Richard Pew, seaman George Lish, seaman George Hammond, seaman Thomas Griffiths, seaman James Wooley, seaman Hugh Waterson, seaman
140	133	1775 Samuel Johnson Seaman Willm. Story Thos. Mc. Intosh Lewis Johnson Henry Harrington James Edwards Fredk. Miller Geo. Green John Doncaster Willm. Hoar Franl. Purcell Jn. Nottingham Jas. Vaughan Robt. Mc. Lain Moses Everett John Smith Geo Nabob Joseph King Seaman Wm. Tomsley Chas. Hutchinson James Saunderson Joseph Barrer John Ohel William Carter Thomas Grant Benjn. Morris Stephen Lewis David Finley Henry Howard Thos. Winter Willm. Griffiths John Parish Willm. Thompson John Johnson Arm. Nichl. Nambow Danl. Hansen Benjn. Shipley William Garnier Willm. Farrell James Fennell Joseph Burn Josiah Toby Saml. Gladson John Leachman John Lean Patrick Butler Willm. Parker Peter Benson John Galley Thos. Knipe Passengers Mrs. Susanna Arthur Sophia her Servt. Mrs. Franl. Rider Miss Fanny Rider Rose Clarinda Servants Edw. Stracy Esqr. Mrs. Eliz. Stracy John Atkinson Robt. Hardley Mich. Eltock Adam Collins John Martin Miss Sophia Stracy Miss Isabel Stracy Geo. Stracy Joshua Stracy Jon. Stracy Chelia Hannah Servants W. Cummings Esqr. & do. Thos. Copes Nathl. Hasson Clara Richd. Gibson Patrick Kelley Captn. Edw. Pascal Wm. Berry Francisco Servants Ens. James Ifor Mr. Jas. Willm. Miller Mr. Chas. Woolfolk Ens. Chas. Grant Miss Betsy Haulk Willm. Short Jacob Sullivan John Baptist Thos. Price (Signed) David Arthur	The muster roll of the Sea Horse continued with the rest of her crew and her passengers, and her commander, David Arthur, signed it. Samuel Johnson, seaman William Story, seaman Thomas McIntosh, seaman Lewis Johnson, seaman Henry Harrington, seaman James Edwards, seaman Hody Miller, seaman George Green, seaman John Doncaster, seaman William Hoar, seaman Francis Purcell, seaman James Nottingham, seaman James Vaughan, seaman Robert McLain, seaman Morris Everitt, seaman John Smith, seaman George Nabob, seaman Joseph King, seaman William Tomsley, seaman Charles Hutchinson, seaman James Saunderson, seaman Joseph Barser, seaman John Oke, seaman William Carter, seaman Thomas Grant, seaman Benjamin Morris, seaman Stephen Lewis, seaman David Finley, seaman Henry Howard, seaman Thomas Winter, seaman William Griffiths, seaman John Parish, seaman William Thompson, seaman John Johnson junior, seaman Nicholas Narbone, seaman Daniel Hansen, seaman Benjamin Shipley, seaman William Parmee, seaman William Farrell, seaman James Fennell, seaman Joseph Burn, seaman Josiah Toby, seaman Samuel Gladson, seaman John Leachman, seaman John Lean, seaman Patrick Butler, seaman William Parker, seaman Peter Benson, seaman John Galley, seaman Thomas Hope, seaman Passengers Mrs Susanna Arthur Sophia, her servant Mrs Frances Rider Miss Fanny Rider Rose, servant Clarinda, servant Edward Stracy Mrs Elizabeth Stracy John Atkinson Robert Hardley Michael Clack Adam Collins John Martin Miss Sophia Stracy Miss Isabel Stracy George Stracy Joshua Stracy Jonathan Stracy Clelia, servant Hannah, servant W. Cummings Thomas Copus Nathaniel Harron Clara Hugh Gibson Patrick Kelley Captain Edward Pascal William Berry, servant Francisco, servant Ensign James Ure Mr James William Miller Mr Charles Woodfield Ensign Charles Grant Miss Betty Hatch William Short Jacob Sullivan John Baptist Thomas Price Interpretations The commander's wife, Susanna Arthur, sailed with him as a passenger, together with her own servant. The Company discouraged commanders from carrying their wives, since a woman aboard took up cabin space that could otherwise be let to paying passengers. A commander who brought his wife was in effect giving up part of his own income from the voyage. Women servants such as Sophia, Rose and Clarinda were entered by first name only, which marked them as Indian or African maidservants travelling with the families they served.
141	134	8th June The Storekeeper this Day Delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Sea Horse. Account of Stores short Received c q lb .. 3 . 5 Rice short Weight Occasioned by Wastage 9 Gallons Arrack Short of the Gage 8th June 1775 (Signed) Jonn. Doveton Storekeeper Captain David Arthur purchased at the Cape on Account of the Honble. Company forty Sheep and fifteen Sacks of Wheat, We likewise Bought of Captain Arthur twelve hundred and twelve pounds of Cordage and six hundred and thirty six pieces of Salt Meat, As pr. the following Bill amounting to one hundred and twenty seven pounds, seventeen shillings for the payment whereof We have given him Certificates. Dr. the Honble. East India Company To 40 Sheep @ 15/ £ 30 .. 15 Sacks Wheat 13 25 pr. Ct. 3 . 5 16 .. 5 7 Coils Cordage 10 c q lb 12 .. .. 12 @ 30/ 18 .. 12 Casks Pork 636 @ 2/ 63 . 12 .. £ 127 .. 17 .. St. Helena 8th June 1775 E. E. For the Owners of the Sea Horse by Certificate on the Honble. Company (Signed) Jn. Wingrove Purser	The storekeeper presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Sea Horse. Jonathan Doveton signed it on 8 June 1775. Stores short delivered from the ship Sea Horse Rice, 0 cwt 3 qr 5 lb, lost in weight in transit Arrack, 9 gallons short of the gauged measure Captain David Arthur had bought 40 sheep and 15 sacks of wheat at the Cape for the Company. The Council also bought 1,212 lb of cordage and 636 pieces of salt meat from him. The bill came to £127 17s 0d, and the Council paid it with certificates. The Honourable East India Company, debtor to the owners of the Sea Horse Sheep, 40 at 15s each, £30 0s 0d Wheat, 15 sacks weighing 13 cwt at 25s a cwt, £16 5s 0d Cordage, 7 coils weighing 1,212 lb, £18 0s 0d Salt pork, 12 casks containing 636 pieces at 2s a piece, £63 12s 0d Total, £127 17s 0d John Wingrove, purser, signed at St Helena on 8 June 1775 to confirm payment by certificate on behalf of the owners of the Sea Horse, subject to correction of any errors. Interpretations The cordage and salt pork were the ship's own surplus stores, not cargo. An East Indiaman on her way home from India needed far less rope and salt meat for the last leg to England than she had carried out. Selling the excess at St Helena brought the owners money and freed space in the hold. The island gained supplies without waiting for a store ship from London. Paying by certificate meant the owners would settle the sum against their account with the Company in London. No coin left the island's chest.
142	135	1775 We this Day Granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange Drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors Viz. One Set to John Skottowe Esqr. for six hundred and fifty pounds, payable to Captain Nicholas Skottowe (or Order) One Set to Mr. William Wrangham for five hundred and fifty pounds, payable to Messrs. Burgess, and Pallard (or Order) One Set to Mr. Richard Goodwin for one hundred pounds payable to Mr. Judith Tibbet (or Order) And One Set to the Attorneys of Matthew Purling Esqr. for nine hundred and thirty two pounds, two Shillings and three pence payable to himself (or Order) All Drawn at Ninety Days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett	The Council granted the following sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, all payable at 90 days' sight. Bills of exchange granted, 8 June 1775 John Skottowe, payable to Captain Nicholas Skottowe or his order, £650 0s 0d William Wrangham, payable to Burgess and Pallard or their order, £550 0s 0d Richard Goodwin, payable to Mrs Judith Tibbet or her order, £100 0s 0d The attorneys of Matthew Purling, payable to Purling himself or his order, £932 2s 3d Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Bazett signed the entry. Interpretations The Governor sent home £650 0s 0d in one bill, more than his full salary for a year of £600 0s 0d. William Wrangham sent £550 0s 0d, about twice what his five posts together paid him in a year. Neither sum could have come from salary alone. Senior officials on the island also earned money from trading with passing ships, from selling livestock to the Company, as Wrangham had done in March 1775, and from lending money at interest to settlers. The Directors could see every remittance in these entries. They generally tolerated such private earnings because they were the reason men took posts on so remote an island. Matthew Purling's attorneys sent home £932 2s 3d on his behalf, following the £150 0s 0d remitted to him on 12 April 1775. Purling did not live on the island. His attorneys managed his interests there, probably collecting debts, rents or the proceeds of goods, and sent the money to him in London by the Company's bills.
143	136	12th June At a Consultation held on Monday the 12 Day of June 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 8 June 1775. Friday the 9th Died William Son of Lieut. John Shirley Yesterday Arrived the Honble. Company's Ship Hampshire from England, by which Ship We received a Packet from the Honorable the Court of Directors, Which We opened and read their Instructions to Us and likewise sent for the several persons mentioned therein and acquainted them with the Company's Orders respecting them. The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of May last were this Day laid before Us which were Examined, approved of and are as follows Viz. Artillery Stores Expended in May 1775 Guns fired, 9 lbs., 6 lbs., 4 lbs., 3 lbs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz 5 A Double Alarm for 5 Ships Passing by: Guns fired 15, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 12, 3 lbs. 3, Powder Expended lb 28, Powder Expended oz 8 6 Departed A French Ship: Guns fired 7, 9 lbs. 2, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 10, Powder Expended oz 8 8 Fired a Salute Mr. Woods going on Board: Guns fired 13, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 9, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 19, Powder Expended oz 8 Departed the Royal Charlotte: Guns fired 9, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 11 do. the Speke: Guns fired 9, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 15 A Double Alarm: Guns fired 9, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 6, 3 lbs. 3, Powder Expended lb 21, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived his Majesty's Ship Resolution and the Dutton: Guns fired 24, 9 lbs. 8, 6 lbs. 16, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 37, Powder Expended oz 0 Fired to Salute Captain Cook coming a Shore: Guns fired 13, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 9, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 19, Powder Expended oz 8 21 do. going on Board: Guns fired 13, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 9, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 19, Powder Expended oz 8 Departed the Resolution and Dutton: Guns fired 22, 9 lbs. 8, 6 lbs. 14, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 33, Powder Expended oz 0 23 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 26 do. for same Ship: Guns fired 6, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived a French Ship: Guns fired 7, 9 lbs. 2, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 10, Powder Expended oz 8 28 A Double Alarm: Guns fired 9, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 6, 3 lbs. 3, Powder Expended lb 21, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived a Dane Ship, the other passed by: Guns fired 15, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 11, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 22, Powder Expended oz 8 30 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 0, Powder Expended oz 0 31 Arrived the Sea Horse: Guns fired 9, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Expended for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 100, Powder Expended oz 9 do. for a General Field Day: Guns fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 130, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for Practice in Ruperts Range: Guns fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 277, Powder Expended oz 0 Total: Guns fired 192, 9 lbs. 48, 6 lbs. 93, 4 lbs. 36, 3 lbs. 15, Powder Expended lb 836, Powder Expended oz 1	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 12 June 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 8 June 1775. William, the son of Lieutenant John Skelley, died on Friday 9 June 1775. The Company's ship Hampshire arrived from England on Sunday 11 June 1775. She brought a packet from the Court of Directors, which the Council opened, and the members read the Court's instructions. The Council also sent for the people named in the packet and told them of the Company's orders concerning them. The Council examined and approved the artillery stores accounts and the steward's accounts for May 1775. The artillery stores used were recorded as follows. Artillery stores used in May 1775 5 May, a double alarm for 5 ships passing, 15 guns fired: 12 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, powder 28 lb 8 oz 6 May, departure of a French ship, 7 guns fired: 2 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 10 lb 8 oz 8 May, salute as Mr [...] went aboard, 13 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 9 six-pounders, powder 19 lb 8 oz 8 May, departure of the Royal Charlotte, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 11 May, departure of the Speke, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 15 May, a double alarm, 9 guns fired: 6 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, powder 21 lb 0 oz 15 May, arrival of His Majesty's ship Resolution and the Dutton, 24 guns fired: 8 nine-pounders, 16 six-pounders, powder 37 lb 0 oz 15 May, salute to Captain Cook on coming ashore, 13 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 9 six-pounders, powder 19 lb 8 oz 21 May, salute to Captain Cook on going aboard, 13 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 9 six-pounders, powder 19 lb 8 oz 21 May, departure of the Resolution and the Dutton, 22 guns fired: 8 nine-pounders, 14 six-pounders, powder 33 lb 0 oz 23 May, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 26 May, an alarm for the same ship, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 26 May, arrival of a French ship, 7 guns fired: 2 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 10 lb 8 oz 28 May, a double alarm, 9 guns fired: 6 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, powder 21 lb 0 oz 28 May, arrival of a Danish ship and another passing, 15 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 11 six-pounders, powder 22 lb 8 oz 30 May, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 31 May, arrival of the Sea Horse, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz Various duties, powder 100 lb 9 oz General field day, powder 130 lb 0 oz Practice at Rupert's range, powder 273 lb 0 oz Total, 192 guns fired: 48 nine-pounders, 93 six-pounders, 36 four-pounders, 15 three-pounders, powder 856 lb 1 oz Interpretations The island honoured Captain Cook with a 13-gun salute each time he came ashore and went back aboard. A Company ship's commander received 9 guns on arrival and departure, so Cook's salute marked him as a King's officer of higher standing. The garrison belonged to the Company, not the Crown, but it gave a royal naval captain the honours due to his rank. The Resolution and the Dutton together drew 24 guns on arrival, the largest single salute of the month. Practice at the new range at Rupert's used 273 lb of powder in May 1775, more than in April 1775. Training with live fire had become a regular part of the artillery's duty in the range's second month.
144	137	1775 Lead Ball lb 3 . 3 oz Cartridge Paper 16½ Quires Match 7 lb Tallow 5 lb Vinegar ½ Gallon Cartridge Cases 12 Rammer Heads 20 Spunge Heads 20 Spirits Wine 2 Gallons Isinglass 4 lb (Signed) James Tippet Captn. of Artillery Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in May 1775 49 Bottles Madeira £ 3 . 1 . 3 8 do. Port .. 12 . 8 14 do. Lisbon 1 . 2 . 4 65 do. Beer 1 . 1 . 8 6 do. Mountain .. 9 . 6 14½ Gallns. Arrack 2 . 13 . 6 15 lb Beef .. 3 . 9 299 lb Mutton 6 . 4 . 7 4 Turkeys 1 .. 6 Ducks .. 9 .. 6 Fowls .. 9 .. 1 Goose .. 5 .. 72 lb Candy 1 . 16 .. 532 lb Flour 4 . 19 . 9 2 Kids .. 10 .. 24 . 17 . 10 Bought for the Table 5 Turkeys 1 . 5 .. 24 Fowls 1 . 16 .. 12 Ducks .. 18 .. 2 Geese .. 10 .. 6 Pigs 1 . 10 167 lb Beef @ 6 4 . 3 . 6 22 do. @ 3½ .. 6 . 5 £ 10 . 8 . 11	The other artillery stores used in May 1775 were recorded as follows, and James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Other artillery stores used, May 1775 Lead ball, 3 lb 3 oz Cartridge paper, 16½ quires Match, 7 lb Tallow, 5 lb Vinegar, ½ gallon Cartridge cases, 12 Rammer heads, 20 Sponge heads, 20 Neatsfoot oil, 2 gallons Isinglass, 4 lb The stores used at the Company's table in May 1775 were recorded as follows. Stores used at the Company's table, May 1775 Madeira wine, 49 bottles, £3 1s 3d Port wine, 3 bottles, £0 12s 3d Lisbon wine, 14 bottles, £1 2s 4d Beer, 65 bottles, £1 1s 8d Mountain wine, 6 bottles, £0 9s 6d Arrack, 14½ gallons, £2 13s 6d Beef, 15 lb, £0 3s 9d Mutton, 299 lb, £6 4s 7d Turkeys, 4, £1 0s 0d Ducks, 6, £0 9s 0d Fowls, 6, £0 9s 0d Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d Sugar candy, 72 lb, £1 16s 0d Flour, 532 lb, £4 19s 2d Kids, 2, £0 10s 0d Total from the stores, £24 17s 10d Bought for the table Turkeys, 5, £1 5s 0d Fowls, 24, £1 16s 0d Ducks, 12, £0 18s 0d Geese, 2, £0 10s 0d Pigs, 6, £1 10s 0d Beef, 167 lb at 6d a lb, £4 3s 6d Beef, 22 lb at 3½d a lb, £0 6s 5d Total bought for the table, £10 8s 11d Interpretations Several of the artillery stores served to keep the guns and their gear in working order, not to fire them. Vinegar mixed with water was used to cool a gun barrel that had grown hot from firing and to wash out the bore. Neatsfoot oil, pressed from the feet of cattle, kept the leather of buckets, belts and harness supple. Isinglass, a pure gelatine made from the bladders of sturgeon, served as a fine glue for sealing cartridges against damp. The 20 new rammer heads and sponge heads point to heavy wear on the guns from the live-fire practice at Rupert's. The table bought beef at two prices, 6d a pound for the best cuts and 3½d for coarser meat. The cheaper beef probably went into soups and stews for the household servants who ate at the Castle.
145	138	12th June In Our Consultation of the 30 May 1774 Mr. Matthew Purling applyed to Us on behalf of Mr. Richard Knipe as a deserving Young Man, requested that We would appoint him a Cadet, and in case his future behaviour Merited our notice that We would promote him in the Military line, We accordingly appointed him a Cadet, and have further to say that he has from that period done his Duty and behaved himself in every respect to our approbation. We flatter ourselves that the Honorable Company's Orders of this Year would have appointed him to one of the Vacancy's of a second Lieutenant, but suppose the same has escaped their Notice and as the Duty at present falls hard upon the Subalterns owing to three Vacancy's of second Lieutenants in the Marching Company's and one in the Artillery, that We have been obliged to take off the Officer of Bankes Guard, tho' a Post that always ought to be Commanded by an Officer. We therefore in Consequence of the above reason and the necessity of the service requiring that We should take the same under consideration have Ordered the said Richard Knipe to do the Duty and receive the pay of a second Lieutenant until the Honorable Company's pleasure be known, and further flatter ourselves that this our recommendation will meet with their approbation. As the Honorable Court of Directors have Directed Us to confer such marks of favour on Arthur Upton as We may think him deserving of, And as they mention said Upton to be of a good family and an Education and know that he behaved himself as a good Soldier during his being in this Garrison. We have agreeable to their Desire Ordered him also to do the Duty and receive the pay of a second Lieutenant and in case he gives Us satisfaction during the course of this Year, make no doubt but they will confirm the same. That there will still remain one Vacancy of a second Lieutenant in the marching Company's and one in the Artillery Company, in case they should think proper to restore Robert Gillson to his Rank of Second Lieutenant in that Corps.	The Council recalled its meeting of 30 May 1774, when Matthew Purling had spoken for Richard Knipe as a deserving young man. Purling had asked the Council to make Knipe a cadet and to promote him later if his conduct earned it. The Council had appointed him a cadet. It now recorded that Knipe had done his duty and behaved well in every way since then. The Council had hoped the Company's orders for that year would name Knipe to one of the vacant posts of second lieutenant. It supposed the matter had escaped the Court's notice. The junior officers were then badly overstretched. Three posts of second lieutenant lay vacant in the marching companies and one in the artillery. As a result, the Council had been forced to withdraw the officer from the guard at Banks's, although that post should always have an officer in command. Given these reasons and the needs of the service, the Council ordered Knipe to serve as a second lieutenant and draw that rank's pay until the Company's wishes were known. It hoped the Court would approve. The Court of Directors had also told the Council to show favour to Arthur Upton as far as it thought he deserved. The Court described Upton as a man of good family and education, and the Council knew he had served well as a soldier in the garrison. In line with the Court's wishes, the Council ordered Upton too to serve as a second lieutenant and draw that rank's pay. If he gave satisfaction over the year, the Council expected the Court to confirm him. One post of second lieutenant would still remain open in the marching companies, and one in the artillery. The Council left the artillery post vacant in case the Court chose to restore Robert Gillson to his rank of second lieutenant in that corps. Interpretations The Council could not make officers on its own authority, so it appointed Knipe and Upton only to act as second lieutenants until the Court decided. It still gave them the full pay of the rank from the start. To justify the step, the Council pointed to a specific gap in its defences: the guard at Banks's, the first battery to challenge incoming ships, had no officer. An argument based on the island's safety was the one most likely to win the Court's approval after the fact. The Council deliberately kept the artillery vacancy open when it could have filled it. Robert Gillson had been dismissed after his quarrel with James Tippet in January 1775, and his petition had been sent to the Court. Promoting someone else into his place would have made his return impossible without displacing another officer. Holding the post empty left the Court free to restore him, and avoided the Council seeming to prejudge an appeal that only the Directors could decide.
146	139	19th June At a Consultation held on Monday the 19 Day of June 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and Signed, dated the 12 Day June 1775. Mr. William Wrangham this Day Presented the following Petition Viz. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council of St. Helena. The humble Petition of William Wrangham Sheweth That your Petitioner is very desirous of disposing of eleven Acres of Lease Land lying in the South Division of this Island the property of the Heirs of Mrs. Margaret Alcock deceased request your Worship and Council will give him leave so to do by Publick Auction. 19 June 1775 And Your Petitioner will ever pray. Granted. Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month for the Month of May last, which is as follows Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 19 June 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 12 June 1775. William Wrangham presented a petition to the Governor and Council. He wished to sell 11 acres of leased land in the South Division of the island, which belonged to the heirs of the late Margaret Alcock. He asked the Council for leave to sell the land at public auction. The Council granted the petition, dated 19 June 1775. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for May 1775. Interpretations Wrangham was acting for the heirs of Margaret Alcock, not for himself, and he chose a public auction to sell their land. In April 1775 he had handed over his own 21½ acres to a named tenant, John Seale. A man managing property on behalf of others was expected to get the best price for them. An open auction showed that the land had gone to the highest bidder and not to a friend at a low price. This protected Wrangham against any later complaint from the heirs that their trustee had sold their inheritance cheaply.
147	140	19th June Cash Dr. 1775 May 1 To Balance remaining £ 10811 . 17 . 4½ To Exchange for a Set of Bills Drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable to Captain John Broadley (or Order) 74 . 10 . 6 To Exchange for a Set of Bills Drawn as above payable to Thomas Meares or his Attorney (or Order) 100 .. 7 To Ship Royal Charlotte 8 . 16 . 10 8 To Exchange for two Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable as follows Viz. One Set to Mr. John Wilkinson £ 100 . do. do. to Mr. James Baldwin 50 . .. 150 .. 10 To Ship Speke 223 . 18 . 8 20 To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable to Mr. Thomas Ward (or Order) 70 . 10 21 To Ship Dutton 13 . 9 . 7 £ 11453 . 2 . 5½	The debit side of the Company's cash account for May 1775 recorded the money received. Cash, debit 1 May 1775, balance remaining, £10,811 17s 4½d 1 May 1775, exchange for a set of bills on the Court of Directors payable to Captain John Bradley, £74 10s 0d 6 May 1775, exchange for a set of bills payable to Thomas Mears or his attorney, £100 0s 0d 7 May 1775, ship Royal Charlotte, £8 16s 10d 8 May 1775, exchange for two sets of bills on the Court of Directors Set payable to John Wilkinson, £100 0s 0d Set payable to James Baldwin, £50 0s 0d Total for the two sets, £150 0s 0d 10 May 1775, ship Speke, £223 18s 8d 20 May 1775, exchange for a set of bills on the Court of Directors payable to Thomas Ward, £70 10s 0d 21 May 1775, ship Dutton, £13 9s 7d Total, £11,453 2s 5½d
148	141	1775 Per Contra Cr. 1775 May 31 By Balance remaining Viz. In Specie 10913 . 7 . 5½ In Cash Notes 539 . 15 . 11453 . 2 . 5½ £ 11453 . 2 . 5½ John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The credit side of the Company's cash account for May 1775 showed the balance left at the end of the month. Cash, credit 31 May 1775, balance remaining in coin, £10,913 7s 5½d 31 May 1775, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £11,453 2s 5½d Total, £11,453 2s 5½d Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the account. Interpretations The chest again paid out nothing during May 1775, and the balance grew to £11,453 2s 5½d. Most of the increase came from bills of exchange sold to islanders and ships' officers. The paymaster drew cash only at the end of each quarter, so the chest filled steadily for three months and was then drawn down in a single advance for salaries and wages. The cash notes stood unchanged at £539 15s 0d for the third month running.
149	142	24th June At a Consultation held on Saturday the 24 day of June 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 19 June 1775. Yesterday Arrived the Bute's Boat at Bankes at half past one o'Clock the Morning. do. do. the Pacifick's Boat at Bankes at seven o'Clock in the Morning. do. do. the Honorable Company's Ships Bute and Pacifick from Bengal. do. do. A French Ship from China called the Pondechery Captain La Mothe Burthen ten hundred Tons carry's sixty Guns and one hundred and sixty Men loaden with Tea and China Ware, bound to Port L'Orient. The ten Working Days allowed by Charter party for unloading the Ship Hampshire being expired, We gave Captain Thomas Trimbull Sailing Orders in Writing to make the best of his way to Fort Marlborough on the West Coast of the Island Sumatra according to the Orders he has received from the Honorable the Court of Directors. We likewise gave him the following Letters to the several Presidency's in India together with the Duplicates of those pr. Osterly.	The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 24 June 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 19 June 1775. The boat of the Bute reached Banks's at half past one in the morning on Friday 23 June 1775. The boat of the Pacific arrived there at seven o'clock the same morning. The Company's ships Bute and Pacific arrived from Bengal that day. A French ship from China, the Pondichery, under Captain La Mothe, also arrived. She was a vessel of 1,000 tons with 60 guns and 160 men. She carried tea and china and was bound for Port L'Orient. The charter party allowed ten working days for unloading the Hampshire, and that time had now run out. The Council therefore gave Captain Thomas Timbull written orders to sail. He was to make his way to Fort Marlborough on the west coast of Sumatra, as the Court of Directors had instructed. The Council also gave him letters for the presidencies in India, together with copies of the letters it had sent by the Osterley. Interpretations The charter party fixed ten working days for unloading, and the Council sent the Hampshire on as soon as they ended. If it had kept her longer, the owners could have charged the Company demurrage, a daily fee for holding the ship in port beyond the agreed time. The same contract had been at the centre of the dispute with Captain Fortescue in April 1775. Keeping strictly to its terms protected the Company from claims by the owners. Copies of the letters sent by the Osterley went with the Hampshire as a safeguard. Ships could be wrecked, captured or badly delayed, so important letters were always sent by at least two vessels. Whichever ship arrived first delivered them, and the presidencies received the Council's news even if one ship was lost.
150	143	1775 To the Honorable Warren Hastings Esqr. Governor General &c. and Superior Council of the Company's Settlements in the East Indies. Sir and Sirs We addressed you the 12 April last, by the Ship Osterly a Duplicate of which you will receive Enclosed. The Gunneys you have sent Us for two Years past being of no sort of service here, as they will not answer for Sand Bags. We request you will discontinue sending Us any more unless you can send them of some other stuff of a closer texture, that will answer for the said purpose. We also beg (agreeable to our advices of last Year) that you will not send Us any more Sugar, as we are fully supplied with that Article from China at a much Cheaper rate than what it comes Invoiced at from your Presidency. As We have not received the Annual supply of six Pipes of Madeira this Year, We hope You have no Orders from home to discontinue the same, flatter ourselves therefore that you will send Us that Quantity the next Season and every Year, As We have no other method of procuring that essential Article but from your Settlement. We are Sir and Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants (Signed) John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Matthew Bazett Willm. Wrangham St. Helena 24 June 1775.	The Council wrote to Warren Hastings, Governor General, and the Supreme Council of the Company's settlements in the East Indies. It had last written on 12 April 1775 by the Osterley and enclosed a copy of that letter. The Council complained that the gunny cloth Bengal had sent for the past two years was of no use on the island, because it would not serve for sandbags. It asked Bengal to stop sending it unless a cloth of closer weave could be found that would do the job. In line with its letters of the previous year, it also asked Bengal to send no more sugar. The island was fully supplied with sugar from China, at a much lower price than Bengal charged on its invoices. The Council had not received its yearly supply of six pipes of Madeira wine. It hoped Bengal had no orders from England to stop the supply. It asked Bengal to send the same quantity the next season and every year after, since the island had no other way to obtain this essential item. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the letter at St Helena on 24 June 1775. Interpretations The Council's complaint about sugar was borne out by the invoices of the past two months. Sugar from Canton on the Royal Charlotte cost 3 taels 5 mace a picul, while sugar from Bengal on the Dutton cost 9 rupees a maund. The Dutton's ten bags had arrived even though the island had asked the year before for no more Bengal sugar. Each presidency shipped its usual supplies out of habit unless told firmly to stop, so the Council had to repeat its request. The island depended on Bengal for its Madeira even though the wine came from an Atlantic island far nearer to St Helena. Outward-bound East Indiamen called at Madeira to load wine for India, then sailed on by the Cape without stopping at St Helena. Only homeward ships called at the island, and they carried wine that had already gone out to Bengal and come back. St Helena therefore received its Madeira by a round trip of many thousands of miles. The gunny bags were wanted as sandbags for the fortifications, filled with earth to protect gun positions and repair batteries. Jute cloth woven loosely enough for rice sacks let fine sand and soil run through, so it was useless for that work.
151	144	24th June To the Honorable William Hornby Esqr. President and Governor & Council at Bombay Sir and Sirs We wrote you last by the Ship Osterly a Duplicate whereof you will receive Enclosed. Upon entering the Invoice pr. Ship Thames found a mistake in the Surat Chelloes, wherein is charged two hundred pieces, and only one hundred and fifty in the Bill of Lading of which We received one hundred and forty eight. We advise you of this as supposing it an Error in Office, and desire that this Settlement may not be debited upon your Books for more than We have received. We are Sir and Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants (Signed) John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Matthew Bazett William Wrangham St. Helena 24 June 1775. To the Honorable Richard Wyatt Esqr. President and Governor & Council at Fort Marlborough. Sir and Sirs By the Ship Osterly under date of the 12 April last We addressed You, a Duplicate of which We transmit you herewith.	The Council wrote to William Hornby, President and Governor of Bombay, and his Council. It had last written by the Osterley and enclosed a copy of that letter. When the Thames's invoice was entered in the books, the Council found an error in the Surat chelloes. The invoice charged the island for 200 pieces, but the bill of lading listed only 150, and only 148 had been received. The Council took this to be a clerical slip in Bombay's office. It asked Bombay not to charge the island in its books for more than it had actually received. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the letter at St Helena on 24 June 1775. The Council also wrote to Richard Wyatt, President and Governor of Fort Marlborough, and his Council. It had written to them by the Osterley on 12 April 1775 and sent a copy of that letter with this one.
152	145	1775 You will received Enclosed the Ship Hampshire's Manifest of Goods, Charter Party and Victualling Bill, also Duplicates of Our Several Letters to the different Presidency's in India and Council of Canton, which please to forward by the first Conveyance. We are Sir and Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants (Signed) John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Matthew Bazett William Wrangham St. Helena 24 June 1775. The Ships Bute and Pacifick brought Us the following Supply Viz. Invoice of Ship Bute Fine Rice 60 Bags Weighing 120 Mds. @ 1 . 12 pr. Md. 243 . 9 . 9 Paddy 40 Bags do. 60 Mds. @ .. 14 pr. Md. 52 . 8 Sugar 10 Bags do. 20 @ 9 .. pr. do. 180 .. Wax Candles 4 Chests do. 8 @ 60 pr. do. 480 .. Gunneys 2 Bales Containing 500 pr. @ 16 pr. % 86 . 6 . 6 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers @ 200 pr. Leager 432 .. Carried Over 1474 . 8 . 3	The Council's letter to Fort Marlborough enclosed the Hampshire's cargo manifest, charter party and victualling bill. It also enclosed copies of the Council's letters to the presidencies in India and to the council at Canton, which Fort Marlborough was asked to send on by the first available ship. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the letter at St Helena on 24 June 1775. The Bute and the Pacific brought the following supplies. The Bute's invoice was valued in current rupees, annas and pies. Invoice of the ship Bute Fine rice, 60 bags weighing 120 bazaar maunds at [...] a maund, 243 rupees 9 annas 9 pies Paddy, 40 bags weighing 60 factory maunds at 14 annas a maund, 52 rupees 8 annas 0 pies Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds at 9 rupees a maund, 180 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds at 60 rupees a maund, 480 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Gunny cloth, 2 bales containing 500 pieces at 16 [...], 86 rupees 6 annas 6 pies Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers at 200 rupees a leaguer, 432 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Carried forward, 1,474 rupees 8 annas 3 pies Interpretations The Bute brought exactly the goods the Council had just asked Bengal to stop sending. Her hold held ten more bags of sugar at 9 rupees a maund and another two bales of gunny cloth, the same as the Dutton had carried in May 1775. Bengal made up its yearly supply for the island to a fixed pattern and loaded it on every ship. A request from St Helena took a full season to reach Calcutta and change the next year's shipments. Until then the island had to accept goods it neither wanted nor could use.
153	146	24th June Brought Over 1474 . 8 . 3 Charges Merchandize 15 Jute Twine @ 4 . 3 pr. Md. 1 . 11 .. 25 Jute Rope @ 3 do. 1 . 14 180 Gunney Bags @ 16 . 11 pr. % 31 . 1 . 6 20 Chuttys @ 16 do. 3 . 7 . 3 3 Pr. Cowrah of 16 Cobits @ 1 . 4 pr. 4 .. 9 2 Nails @ 17 Cr. pr. Md. .. 13 . 6 80 Reed Matts @ 12 . 8 pr. % 10 . 12 . 9 4 Mango plank Chests @ 3 pr. do. 12 . 15 . 6 4 Oyl .. 1 .. Peons attending 4 . 5 . 3 Boat hire 4 . 5 . 3 Coopers Work 2 . 2 . 6 Weighmen 1 . 8 Packermen 2 . 7 . 6 Cooley hire 23 . 14 . Dust 2 .. Sloop Hire 135 .. 242 . 7 . 9 Current Rupees 1717 .. .. Errors Excepted (Signed) Willm. Larkins Sub. Acct. Invoice of Ship Pacifick Fine Rice 60 Bags Weighing 120 Mds. @ 1 . 12 pr. Md. 243 . 9 . 9 Paddy 40 Bags do. 60 Mds. @ .. 14 pr. Md. 52 . 8 .. Sugar 10 Bags do. 20 @ 9 pr. do. 180 .. Wax Candles 4 Chests wt. 8 @ 60 pr. do. 480 .. Gunneys 2 Bales Contg. 500 pr. @ 16 pr. % 86 . 6 . 6 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers @ 200 pr. Leager 432 .. Carried Over 1474 . 8 . 3	The Bute's invoice continued from the total of 1,474 rupees 8 annas 3 pies brought forward, with the charges on the goods. Brought forward, 1,474 rupees 8 annas 3 pies Charges on the goods Jute twine, 15 seers at 4 rupees 3 annas a maund, 1 rupee 11 annas 0 pies Jute rope, 25 seers at 3 rupees a maund, 1 rupee 14 annas 0 pies Gunny bags, 180 at [...] per 100, 31 rupees 1 anna 6 pies Chutties, 20 at [...], 3 rupees 7 annas 3 pies Gurrah cloth of 16 cubits, 3 pieces at [...], 4 rupees 0 annas 9 pies Nails, 2 seers at [...] a maund, 0 rupees 13 annas 6 pies Reed mats, 80 at 12 rupees 8 annas per 100, 10 rupees 12 annas 9 pies Mango-wood chests, 4 at [...] each, 12 rupees 15 annas 6 pies Oil, 4 seers, 1 rupee 0 annas 0 pies Peons in attendance, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pies Boat hire, 4 rupees 3 annas 3 pies Coopers' work, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pies Weighmen, 1 rupee 8 annas 0 pies Packers, 2 rupees 7 annas 6 pies Porters' hire, 23 rupees 14 annas 0 pies Duty, 2 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Sloop hire, 135 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Total charges, 242 rupees 7 annas 9 pies Total in current rupees, 1,717 rupees 0 annas 0 pies William Larkins signed the invoice as sub-accountant, subject to correction of any errors. The Pacific brought an identical supply, valued in current rupees, annas and pies. Invoice of the ship Pacific Fine rice, 60 bags weighing 120 bazaar maunds at [...] a maund, 243 rupees 9 annas 9 pies Paddy, 40 bags weighing 60 factory maunds at 14 annas a maund, 52 rupees 8 annas 0 pies Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds at 9 rupees a maund, 180 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds at 60 rupees a maund, 480 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Gunny cloth, 2 bales containing 500 pieces at 16 [...], 86 rupees 6 annas 6 pies Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers at 200 rupees a leaguer, 432 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Carried forward, 1,474 rupees 8 annas 3 pies Interpretations The largest single charge on the Bute's invoice was 135 rupees for sloop hire, more than half of all the charges. Large East Indiamen could not come up the Hooghly to Calcutta and loaded at anchorages far downriver, such as Diamond Harbour. Every bag and chest had to be carried down by hired sloop, a trip of several days. That cost made Bengal's goods dearer at St Helena than their market price at Calcutta suggested. It helps to explain why the Council found China sugar cheaper. Peons were Indian attendants or guards who watched over goods in transit. Chutties were coarse cotton or jute cloths used for wrapping bales. The two invoices were identical item for item, which shows that Bengal loaded the island's yearly supply in fixed, equal parcels on each ship. If one vessel was lost, the island would still receive part of what it needed.
154	147	1775 Brought Over 1474 . 8 . 3 Charges Merchandize 15 Jute Twine @ 4 . 8 pr. Md. 1 . 11 .. 25 Jute Rope @ 3 do. 1 . 14 . 180 Gunney Bags @ 16 As. pr. % 31 . 1 . 6 20 Chuttys @ 16 do. 3 . 7 . 3 3 Pr. of Cowrah of 16 Cobits @ 1 . 4 pr. Pr. 4 .. 9 2 Nails @ 17 Cr. pr. Md. .. 13 . 6 80 Reed Matts @ 12 . 8 pr. % 10 . 12 . 9 4 Mango Plank Chests @ 3 pr. do. 12 . 15 . 6 1 . 4 Oyl .. 1 .. Peons attending 4 . 5 . 3 Boat hire 4 . 5 . 3 Coopers Work 2 . 2 . 6 Weighmen do. 1 . 8 .. Cooley hire 23 . 14 .. Dust 2 .. Sloop Hire 135 .. Packer mens Work 2 . 7 . 6 242 . 7 . 9 Current Rupees 1717 .. Errors Excepted (Signed) Willm. Larkins Sub. Accountant John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Pacific's invoice continued from the total of 1,474 rupees 8 annas 3 pies brought forward, with the charges on the goods. Brought forward, 1,474 rupees 8 annas 3 pies Charges on the goods Jute twine, 15 seers at 4 rupees 8 annas a maund, 1 rupee 11 annas 0 pies Jute rope, 25 seers at 3 rupees a maund, 1 rupee 14 annas 0 pies Gunny bags, 130 at [...] per 100, 31 rupees 1 anna 6 pies Chutties, 20 at [...], 3 rupees 7 annas 3 pies Gurrah cloth of 16 cubits, 3 pieces at 1 rupee 4 annas a piece, 4 rupees 0 annas 9 pies Nails, 2 seers at [...] a maund, 0 rupees 13 annas 6 pies Reed mats, 80 at 12 rupees 8 annas per 100, 10 rupees 12 annas 9 pies Mango-wood chests, 4 at 3 rupees each, 12 rupees 15 annas 6 pies Oil, 1¼ seers, 0 rupees 1 anna 0 pies Peons in attendance, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pies Boat hire, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pies Coopers' work, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pies Weighmen, 1 rupee 8 annas 0 pies Porters' hire, 23 rupees 14 annas 0 pies Duty, 2 rupees 4 annas 0 pies Sloop hire, 135 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Packers' work, 2 rupees 7 annas 6 pies Total charges, 242 rupees 7 annas 9 pies Total in current rupees, 1,717 rupees 0 annas 0 pies William Larkins signed the invoice as sub-accountant, subject to correction of any errors. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham also signed it.
155	148	26th June At a Consultation held on Monday the 26 day of June 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and Signed, dated the 24 June 1775. Mr. William Wrangham and Lieut. Charles Ross Steward this day presented the following Petitions Viz. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. & Council of St. Helena. The humble Petition of William Wrangham Sheweth That Marg. and David Alcock two of the Nominees in a Lease for one and a quarter Acres of Land lying in this Valley the property of the Heirs of the late Mrs. Marg. Alcock, being dead request that he may have liberty to insert in their stead the Names of John and Emelia Wrangham. Your Petitioner likewise begs leave to expose the said Lease to Publick Auction together with two others, One for one Acre of Ground and the other for two thousand nine hundred and forty Feet both pieces lying in this Valley, Also the property of the above Heirs. 26 June 1775 And your Petitioner will ever pray. Granted upon his paying half a Years Rent for the renewal of each Nominee.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 26 June 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 24 June 1775. William Wrangham and Lieutenant Charles Ross Stewart each presented a petition to the Governor and Council. Wrangham's petition concerned a lease of 1¼ acres of land in the valley, which belonged to the heirs of the late Margaret Alcock. Margaret and David Alcock, two of the people named as lives in the lease, had died. Wrangham asked leave to put the names of John and Emelia Wrangham in their place. He also asked leave to sell this lease at public auction together with two others belonging to the same heirs. One covered an acre of ground and the other a plot of 2,940 square feet, both in the valley. The Council granted the petition, dated 26 June 1775, on condition that he paid half a year's rent for each new name added to the lease. Interpretations The leases were held for lives, a common form of tenure in which a lease lasted as long as the longest-lived of the people named in it. When a named person died, the holder could keep the lease alive by putting a new name in that person's place. The Company charged a fee for each new name, here half a year's rent. The fee gave the Company a regular income from renewals and kept its control over who held its land. Wrangham named John and Emelia Wrangham, probably his own young children, as the new lives. A lease measured by young lives would probably last many years, which made it worth far more at auction than one hanging on the lives of elderly people. Inserting young names before the sale therefore raised the price the heirs of Margaret Alcock would receive. Naming his own children also made it easy for Wrangham to report any future death on the lease.
156	149	1775 To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor and Council. The humble Petition of Charles Ross Stewart Ajutant. Sheweth That your Petitioner finding himself greatly distressed from the want of a House, and understanding that many Gentlemen have already apply'd or do intend to apply to you for the Houses now building, takes the Liberty to renew in your memories the Legality of his claim to one or either of the said Houses. Your Worship and the other Gentlemen of Council well know that one of the Honble. Company's Houses was always alloted to their Adjutant, and that in consequence of such precedent, your Petition was on his first coming to this Island, instated in the House particularly assigned to that purpose, which House he was afterwards obliged to evacuate as it interfered with or stood on a part of the Ground taken up for building the New Church. Your Petitioner begs leave to remind You, that when the pulling down his House for the above purpose was agreed upon, You were graciously pleased to promise him, that he should have one of the Houses then intended to be built for the use of some of the Honble. Company's Servants. He also takes the Liberty to inform you that at this period, he finds himself in a very critical situation, as the House he now Rents and Dwells in must be soon evacuated and delivered up to the Owner who intends it for his own habitation. That your Petitioner impressed with the strongest Sense of your Candor and implicitly relying on whatever you'll be pleased to decree in this case, submit to your Consideration, And as he derives his claim from what he humbly conceives, as inseperable from right, so he flatters himself that your Opinions in this respect will coincide with his own. He further requests that you'll be pleased to enter this dutiful Address on your Consultations, and he will ever pray &c. June 26th 1775.	Charles Ross Stewart, the adjutant, petitioned the Governor and Council about a house. He was in great difficulty for want of one. He understood that many gentlemen had applied, or meant to apply, for the houses then being built. He therefore asked the Council to recall the strength of his own claim to one of them. Stewart reminded the Council that one of the Company's houses had always been set aside for the adjutant. When he first came to the island, he had been given the house reserved for that post. He later had to leave it, because it stood on part of the ground taken for building the new church. When the Council agreed to pull the house down, it had promised him one of the houses to be built for the Company's servants. He now faced an urgent problem. The house he rented had to be given back soon, because its owner wished to live in it himself. Stewart trusted the Council's fairness and left his case to its judgement. He believed his claim was a matter of right, and he hoped the Council would agree. He also asked the Council to enter his petition in its minutes. The petition was dated 26 June 1775. Interpretations Stewart's request that his petition be entered in the minutes was the key point of his petition. The minutes were copied and sent to the Court of Directors. A petition recorded in them could be read in London, even if the Council turned it down. Stewart knew that several officials were competing for the few new houses, among them William Wrangham, whose own request had been opposed by Daniel Corneille. By putting the Council's earlier promise on record, he made it harder for the Council to give the houses to others without explaining itself to the Court. His claim also rested on custom tied to his post, not on personal favour. The Company had long provided the adjutant with a house as part of the office. Stewart argued that this right had moved with him to the new houses once the old one was demolished for the church.
157	150	26th June Having taken the above Petition into Consideration find that the Adjutant hitherto was alloted one of the Honble. Company's Houses. That as the House Mr. Stewart had was pulled down to make room to build the New Church upon consequently dispossessed of the same, he was promised by the Board one of the New Houses then intended to be erected for some of the Company's Servants. And We shall accordingly put him in possession of one of the said Houses now a building until the Company's pleasure is known. We also intend to put Mr. William Wrangham of Council and Mr. Thomas Stroud the Surgeon of the Island in Possession of the others, as soon as they are Compleated. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council considered Stewart's petition. It found that the adjutant had always been given one of the Company's houses. Stewart's house had been pulled down to make room for the new church, and he had lost it as a result. The Council had then promised him one of the new houses planned for some of the Company's servants. It therefore resolved to give him one of the houses then being built, to hold until the Company's wishes were known. It also intended to give the other houses to William Wrangham of the Council and to Thomas Stroud, the island's surgeon, as soon as they were finished. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The three new houses went to the adjutant, a councillor and the surgeon. Each of them held a post the Council could argue needed a man living close to his duties. Stewart's claim rested on custom and on a promise the Council had made. Thomas Stroud, as surgeon, was needed close at hand at the hospital. Wrangham's claim was the weakest, since it rested chiefly on his place on the Council, and Daniel Corneille had earlier opposed it. Corneille now signed a decision that gave Wrangham a house, and Wrangham signed it too. Settling all three houses in one entry let the Council present its choice as a single, balanced allocation and not as a favour to one of its own members. Stewart received his house only until the Company's wishes were known, the same condition the Council placed on its acting lieutenants in June 1775. The Council used this wording whenever it went beyond its own powers. It allowed the decision to take effect at once while leaving the Court free to reverse it.
158	151	3rd July At a Consultation held on Monday the 3 Day of July 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieutenant Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 26 June 1775. Tuesday the 27th June Sailed the French Ship Pondechery for Port L' Orient. The Storekeeper this day Delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ships Bute, Pacifick, and Hampshire. Account of Stores short received from the following Ships. Ship Bute c q lb 3 . 1 . 4 Rice 1 . 2 . 26 Paddy .. 3 . 22 Sugar .. .. 5 Candles Short Weight Occasioned by Wastage Ship Pacifick 3 . 2 . 6 Rice 1 . 1 . 15 Paddy 1 .. 24 Sugar .. .. 4 Candles do. do. Ship Hampshire 10 Hair Sives 1 Scrub. Brush Damaged 13 Scythe Stones 2 Large Cream Coloured Tea pots 53 Wine Glasses 3 Candle Shades 3 Beer Glasses 12 Tumblers 2 Sqr. Glass 10½ by 16 3 do. do. 10 by 12 10 do. do. 8 by 10 Found broke upon opening the Packages which were in good Order	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 3 July 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 26 June 1775. The French ship Pondichery sailed for Port L'Orient on Tuesday 27 June 1775. The storekeeper presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Bute, the Pacific and the Hampshire. Stores short delivered from the following ships Ship Bute Rice, 3 cwt 1 qr 4 lb Paddy, 1 cwt 2 qr 26 lb Sugar, 0 cwt 3 qr 22 lb Wax candles, 0 cwt 0 qr 5 lb All four shortfalls due to loss of weight in transit Ship Pacific Rice, 3 cwt 0 qr 6 lb Paddy, 1 cwt 1 qr 15 lb Sugar, 1 cwt 0 qr 24 lb Wax candles, 0 cwt 0 qr 4 lb All four shortfalls due to loss of weight in transit Ship Hampshire Hair sieves, 10, damaged Scrubbing brush, 1, damaged Scythe stones, 13 Large cream-coloured teapots, 2 Wine glasses, 53 Candle shades, 3 Beer glasses, 3 Tumblers, 12 Window panes 10½ by 16 inches, 2 Window panes 10 by 12 inches, 3 Window panes 8 by 10 inches, 10 Scythe stones, teapots, glasses and panes found broken when the packages were opened, though the packages arrived intact
159	152	3rd July 3 Sqr. Glass 6 by 8 1 Iron Pot Weight 20 lb Broke 11 Bushels Salt, Short Measure 1 . 2 . 7 Sole Leather 1 . 2 . 14 Sope 1 . 2 .. Short Wt. occasioned by Wastage 136 Plain Tiles 17 Gutter do. 3 Ridge do. Broke 1 Wainscot Board 1 Pr. Ash Plank 20 Labourers Baskets 1 Chaldron 6 Bushels Coals 4 Single Deals 32 Gallons Mountain Wine 4 Balks Short Delivered 3rd July 1775 (Signed) Jonn. Doveton We directed the Secretary to Write the Store Keeper the following Order Viz. To Mr. Jonathan Doveton Storekeeper Sir I am directed by the Board to acquaint you that it is their Orders conformable to the Instructions received from the Honble. the Court of Directors, that you examine all the Salt Provisions received this Season, mentioning particularly the quality and Condition of said Provisions and the Ships Names they were received from, Also an exact Account of the Numbers of the Casks in which the inferior Provisions is packed, and to make them a Report by Saturday next of what the intermediate time will permit you to have examined and Continue the same examination, and acquaint them in Writing	The storekeeper's account of stores short from the Hampshire continued, and Jonathan Doveton signed it on 3 July 1775. Ship Hampshire, continued Window panes 6 by 8 inches, 3, broken Iron pot weighing 20 lb, 1, broken Salt, 11 bushels, short in measure Sole leather, 1 cwt 0 qr 7 lb Soap, 1 cwt 2 qr 14 lb [...], 1 cwt 2 qr 0 lb Sole leather, soap and the item above lost weight in transit Plain tiles, 136, broken Gutter tiles, 17, broken Ridge tiles, 3, broken Wainscot board, 1 Ash plank, 1 piece Labourers' baskets, 20 Coal, 1 chaldron 6 bushels Single deals, 4 Mountain wine, 32 gallons Balks, 4 Wainscot board to balks short delivered The Council told the secretary to send the storekeeper an order. The Council directed Doveton, following the Court of Directors' instructions, to examine all the salt provisions received that season. He was to report on their quality and condition and to name the ships that had brought them. He was also to give an exact account of the numbers of the casks in which any poor provisions had been packed. He was to report as far as he could by the following Saturday, then carry on with the examination and inform the Council in writing [continues]. Interpretations The order to record cask numbers made it possible to trace bad meat back to its source. Each cask of salt beef or pork was branded with a number when it was packed by the victualling contractor in England or Ireland. A list of the numbers of the poor casks would let the Court identify which contractor had packed them and on what date. The Court could then refuse payment or claim compensation, and drop a supplier whose meat repeatedly spoiled. The garrison and the Company's slaves lived chiefly on salt provisions, so poor meat was a direct threat to their health and to the island's defence.
160	153	1775 when you have gone thro' with the whole, You are also Directed to examine, the state of the Flour received from England this Year as those Casks which have been already opened have proved very bad and Report the same Accordingly. 3 July 1775. I am Sir Your humble Servant (Signed) B. Wright Secy. We this day enlisted William Seale a Native to serve the Honorable Compy. as a Soldier five Years, and he appearing to be a good Man, We gave him four pounds to buy Necessarys &c. Captain Thomas Trimbull applied Us to pay one thousand pounds into the Honorable Company's Cash, which Sum We have received, and given him Bills of Exchange, drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable as follows Viz. One Set for six hundred and fifty pounds payable to Andrew Moffat Esqr. (or Order) One Set for one hundred pounds payable to Mr. Peter Cargill (or Order) One Set for two hundred pounds payable to Mr. James Farquharson (or Order) And one Set for fifty pounds payable to Mr. David Tolson (or Order) All drawn at Ninety Days Sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The order went on to say that once Doveton had finished the whole examination, he was also to inspect the flour received from England that year. The casks already opened had proved very bad, and he was to report on the rest. Britannicus Wright signed the order as secretary on 3 July 1775. The Council enlisted William Seale, a native of the island, to serve the Company as a soldier for five years. He appeared to be a good man, and the Council gave him £4 0s 0d to buy his necessaries. Captain Thomas Timbrell asked the Council to let him pay £1,000 0s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, all payable at 90 days' sight. Bills of exchange granted to Captain Thomas Timbrell Payable to Andrew Moffat or his order, £650 0s 0d Payable to Peter Cargill or his order, £100 0s 0d Payable to James Farquharson or his order, £200 0s 0d Payable to David Jobson or his order, £50 0s 0d Total, £1,000 0s 0d Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations William Seale received £4 0s 0d on enlisting, a pound more than the £3 0s 0d bounty given to Thomas Brown and William Pratt in March 1775. Men born on the island were few and seldom joined the garrison. A native soldier already knew the ground, was seasoned to the climate and had family ties that made him unlikely to desert. The Council recorded that it judged Seale to be a good man, which suggests the larger sum was a deliberate reward for a recruit it valued. Timbrell divided his £1,000 0s 0d among four payees, unlike Fortescue, who took a single bill. A commander leaving for the East usually owed money to several people in London, such as the merchants who had supplied his private trade goods or the partners who had backed his voyage. Splitting the remittance let him pay each of them directly from St Helena before sailing on to Fort Marlborough.
161	154	8th July At a Consultation held on Saturday the 8 Day of July 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 3 July 1775. Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ships Bute and Pacifick to Muster their Companys and enquire for Deserters, but found none their Muster Rolls are as follows Viz. Muster Roll of Ship Bute Richard Penny Commandr. Edward Robertson 1 Mate Wm. Mc. Intosh 2 do. James Hill 3 do. Wm. Henry Charles 4 do. Robt. Anderson 5 do. John Duncan Surgeon Henry Thompson Purser James Donaldson Boatn. Thomas Edwards Carptr. Willm. Maitland Midshipn. Samuel Lemon do. James Knight do. Alexd. Green do. Thos. Mills Quarter Master Jas. Mc. Lean do. Alexd. Burnham do. David Clark do. Wm. Mainward Ship Stewd. Jn. Waterfield Caulker Wm. Massenger Armourer John Herbert Ships Cook Patrick Bower Surg. Mt. James Brander Boat. Mt. Henry Kirby Carpt. 2 do. Wm. Hinnenden do. James Burnet Gunr. Mt. Franl. Underhill Caulk. do. Richd. Stubb Joiner John Adams Baker Charles Marks Seaman Joseph Lomsdon Hugh Hussey Willm. Fox Michl. Duncan James Walk John Jacobs James Reed Wm. Barry Seaman Willm. Watts Dan. Hall Robt. Moore John Fortune David Foster Peter William John Wiseman James Gregory John Thomas James Spencer Robt. Hallogay Jeremiah Griffin John Gilbert Peter Lee Thomas Holland Mattw. Watkins Willm. Driver James Neale	The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 8 July 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 3 July 1775. William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the Bute and the Pacific to muster their crews and to search for deserters. He found none. Their muster rolls followed. Muster roll of the ship Bute Richard Bendy, commander Edward Robertson, first mate William McIntosh, second mate James Hill, third mate William Henry Charles, fourth mate Robert Anderson, fifth mate John Duncan, surgeon Henry Thompson, purser James Donaldson, boatswain Thomas Edwards, carpenter William Maitland, midshipman Samuel Seaman, midshipman James Knight, midshipman Alexander Gavin, midshipman Thomas Mills, quartermaster James McLean, quartermaster Alexander Burnham, quartermaster David Clark, quartermaster William Maynard, ship's steward James Waterfield, caulker William Massenger, armourer John Herbert, ship's cook Patrick Bower, surgeon's mate James Brander, boatswain's mate Henry Kelsey, carpenter's second mate William Hounsdon, carpenter's second mate James Burnet, gunner's mate Francis Underhill, caulker's mate Robert Stubbs, joiner John Adams, baker Charles Machin, seaman Joseph Lomsdon, seaman Hugh Hussey, seaman William Fox, seaman Michael Duncan, seaman James Walls, seaman John Jacobs, seaman James Reed, seaman William Barry, seaman William Watts, seaman David Hall, seaman Robert Moore, seaman John Fortune, seaman David Foster, seaman Peter William, seaman John Wiseman, seaman James Gregory, seaman John Thomas, seaman James Spencer, seaman Robert Hallogey, seaman Jeremiah Griffin, seaman John Gilbert, seaman Peter Low, seaman Thomas Holland, seaman Matthew Watkins, seaman William Dixon, seaman James Neale, seaman
162	155	1775 Maitl. Hyslop Seaman David Allacks Wm. Tufnell Thomas Bassett Wm. Mc. Kay David Nevan George Gardener Andrew Leadhouse Wm. Mc. Intosh John Veal Richard Bulkley John Sallyback John Jones Seaman James Miller Robt. Morriss Alexd. Webster James Ives John Lynch John Gardener David Brodie Edward Haywood John Gray Peter Johnson Geo Ramsey Seaman Wm. Carrow Peter French Richard Cole James Purcell Jennes Newland Joseph Pearson Thomas Cox Richard Cooper Willm. Glover John Fitzgerald Charles Buckers Passengers The Honble. Chas. Stewart Mr. James Dixon Mr. Wm. Stone Brewer Mr. Peter Douglas Mr. Chas. Mc. Donald Mrs. Burrell Mr. John Watson Mr. Gilb. Treise Brickel Mr. Henry Cummings Master Chas. Russel Miss Mc. Kenzie Miss Hadley Wm. Westerman Invalid Geo Smith Wm. Gardener John Reynolds Edward Fowler Invalid Henry Laycock Frances Nattal Wm. Evans Geo Smith Charles Tuck Servants Nine Black Boys Four do. Girls (Signed) Richd. Penny Muster Roll of Ship Pacifick James Williamson Commr. John Daysoole 1 Mate Edward Boyce 2 do. Geo Curtis 3 do. James Stewart 4 do. John Allardice Surgeon Thomas Spear Boatswain Alexr. Tindall Gunner Jas. Allen Carpenter Wm. Still Ship Stewd. Jas. Hassop Captn. do. John Shield Surg. Mate Henry Andrews Mid. & Cox. Thomas Brunee Mid. Thos. Day do. Robt. Pitcher do. Wm. Randell 2 Master Andrew Dardon do. Davd. Mills 2 Master Alexd. Phillips do. Jos. Borlach do. John Beamon Caulker Jn. Dickinson Cooper Alexd. Chisholm Armour. John Mason Sailmaker Alexr. Briggs Carpt. Mt. Robt. Kay Boat. do.	The muster roll of the Bute continued with the rest of her crew and her passengers, and her commander, Richard Bendy, signed it. Michael Hyslop, seaman David Allacks, seaman William Trifnell, seaman Thomas Bassett, seaman William McKay, seaman David Nevan, seaman George Gardener, seaman Andrew Leadhouse, seaman William McIntosh, seaman John Veal, seaman Richard Bulkley, seaman John Sallyback, seaman John Jones, seaman James Miller, seaman Robert Morriss, seaman Alexander Webster, seaman James Ives, seaman John Lynch, seaman John Gardener, seaman David Brodie, seaman Edward Haywood, seaman John Gray, seaman Peter Johnson, seaman George Ramsey, seaman William Carrow, seaman Peter French, seaman Richard Cole, seaman James Purcell, seaman James Newland, seaman Joseph Pearson, seaman Thomas Coe, seaman Richard Cooper, seaman William Glover, seaman John Fitzgerald, seaman Charles Buchan, seaman Passengers The Honourable Charles Stewart Mr James Dixon Mr William Stone Brewer Mr Peter Douglas Mr Charles McDonald Mr Burrell Mr John Watson Mr Gilbert Francis Brocket Mr Henry Cummings Master Charles Russell Miss M. Rennie Miss Hadley Mr Wiseman, invalid George Smith William Gardiner John Reynolds Edward Fowler, invalid Henry Laycock, servant Francis Nuttal, servant William Evans, servant George Smith, servant Charles Fuck, servant Two black boys One black girl The muster roll of the Pacific followed. Muster roll of the ship Pacific James Williamson, commander John Bayford, first mate Edward Boyce, second mate George Curtis, third mate James Stewart, fourth mate John Allardice, surgeon Thomas Speare, purser Alexander Tindall, gunner James Allen, carpenter William Hill, ship's steward James Hassock, captain's steward John Shield, surgeon's mate Henry Andrews, midshipman and coxswain Thomas Turner, midshipman Thomas Day, midshipman Robert Pitcher, midshipman William Kendall, quartermaster Andrew Durden, quartermaster David Mills, quartermaster Alexander Phillips, quartermaster Joseph Borlach, quartermaster John Beamon, caulker James Dickerson, cooper Alexander Chisholm, armourer John Mason, sailmaker Thomas Briggs, carpenter's mate Robert Kay, boatswain's mate Interpretations The Bute's roll ended with two black boys and a black girl, entered by number alone without names. Every other person aboard, down to the servants, was listed by name. The children were almost certainly slaves bought in Bengal and being taken to England by passengers as personal servants. Recording them by number, as one might list cargo, showed that the roll treated them as property travelling with their owners rather than as passengers in their own right.
163	156	8th July Robt. Swift Gunr. Mate Alexd. Angus Carpt. do. Wm. Hollinsworth Caulk. do. Wm. Underwood Captn. Cook John Mc. Pray Ships do. Wm. Montague Butcher Robt. Crosby Baker John Savelle Seaman Wm. Balentyne Thos. Thomas James Morgan John Clark Geo Brown Thomas Deane John Willson John Williams Richard Ellis Henry Knowls John Brown John Somervelle Thomas Butler Thos. Holeman John Gardener William Oak Seaman Joseph Valentine Christn. Custer John Hammond James Baker James Clark Wm. Johnson Cornelius Brinkley Henry Regan John Trimbell David Butler John Walker Alexd. Mitchell Alexd. Behane James Frazer John Langley John Wright Thomas Bruce Saml. Smith John Smith John Francis Wm. Beane John Howell Adam Brant Seaman Peter Bocker Richd. Wells Henry Starr Thos. Robertson Wm. Young Jeremiah Whitehead Chas. Johnson John Biggs John Organ Richd. Burford Nathl. Tolman Edward Bolton John White Thomas Mash Samuel Jones Cornelius Glover Wm. Catford Saml. Barnes Robt. Flower Peter Towers Thos. Clark Wm. Mc. Clean Invalid Passengers Col. Alexd. Champion and Servant Mr. Geo Graham and do. Mr. Hugh Englis and do. Mr. Frances Russel and do. Four Children Four Servants (Signed) James Williamson In consequence of the Order sent the Storekeeper on Monday last, he this day laid the following Report before Us.	The muster roll of the Pacific continued with the rest of her crew and her passengers, and her commander, James Williamson, signed it. Robert Swift, gunner's mate Alexander Angus, carpenter's mate William Hollinsworth, caulker's mate William Underson, captain's cook John McPray, ship's cook William Montague, butcher Robert Crosby, baker John Savelle, seaman William Balentyne, seaman Thomas Thomas, seaman James Morgan, seaman John Clark, seaman George Brown, seaman Thomas Deane, seaman John Wilson, seaman John Williams, seaman Richard Ellis, seaman Henry Knowles, seaman John Brown, seaman John Somerville, seaman Thomas Butler, seaman Thomas Holeman, seaman John Gardener, seaman William Oak, seaman Joseph Valentine, seaman Christopher Carter, seaman John Hammond, seaman James Baxter, seaman James Clark, seaman William Johnson, seaman Cornelius Brinkley, seaman Henry Kenyon, seaman John Timbrell, seaman David Butler, seaman John Walker, seaman Alexander Mitchell, seaman Alexander Behaine, seaman James Frazer, seaman John Langley, seaman John Wright, seaman Thomas Bruce, seaman Samuel Smith, seaman John Smith, seaman John Francis, seaman William Beane, seaman John Howell, seaman Adam Brant, seaman Peter Backus, seaman Richard Wells, seaman Henry Starr, seaman Thomas Robertson, seaman William Young, seaman Jeremiah Whitehead, seaman Charles Johnson, seaman John Briggs, seaman John Organ, seaman Richard Burford, seaman Nathaniel Tolman, seaman Edward Bolton, seaman John White, seaman Thomas Mash, seaman Samuel Jones, seaman Cornelius Glover, seaman William Catford, seaman Samuel Barnes, seaman Robert Flower, seaman Peter Tower, seaman Thomas Clark, seaman William McCleran, invalid Passengers Colonel Alexander Champion, with a servant Mr George Graham, with a servant Mr Hugh Englis, with a servant Mrs Frances Russell, with a servant Four children Four servants The storekeeper presented the following report on that day, in answer to the order sent to him on Monday 3 July 1775. Interpretations Colonel Alexander Champion had commanded the Company's army in Bengal. In April 1774 he defeated the Rohillas at the battle of Miranpur Katra, fought on behalf of the Nawab of Oudh under a treaty arranged by Warren Hastings. The campaign later became one of the charges brought against Hastings in his impeachment. Champion's passage home on the Pacific passed through St Helena with no more notice in the register than any other passenger.
164	157	1775 To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena. Worshipful Sir & Sirs Agreeable to your Orders to inspect the Honble. Company's Provisions landed here from Ships Osterly and Hampshire have examined from Osterly twelve Casks Pork all of which were good, thirty Casks of Beef sixteen of them good, seven middling and seven bad. From Hampshire seventeen Casks Pork, eight of them good, four middling and five bad, twenty Casks Beef three of which good, five middling, and twelve bad. The inferior Provisions, has a bad Colour and disagreable smell occasioned (as We imagine) by its not being properly Salted, as there's but little appearance of any on the Casks. We have also examined several Casks Flour from said Ships, which We found good, except the Casks received from Hampshire marked Ben and BB are a little inferior to those marked SH. Enclosed is an exact Account of the Numbers of the Casks which We have examined. St. Helena 8th July 1775. We are Sir and Sirs With respect Your most Obt. Servants (Signed) Jonn. Doveton James Desfountain Robt. Leech Ship, Condition, Cask number Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 23 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 64 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 3 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 18 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 76 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 69 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 51 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 6 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 20 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 62 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 56 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 35 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 33 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 10 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 30 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 32 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 53 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 43 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 68 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 40 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 22 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 70 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 27 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Bad, Cask number 74 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Bad, Cask number 67 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Bad, Cask number 21 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Bad, Cask number 60 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Bad, Cask number 31 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Bad, Cask number 24 Beef: Ship Osterly, Condition Bad, Cask number 1 Pork: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 128 Pork: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 146 Pork: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 123 Pork: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 137 Pork: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 145 Pork: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 143 Pork: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 141 Pork: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 134 Pork: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 33 Pork: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 35 Pork: Ship Osterly, Condition Good, Cask number 29 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Good, Cask number 111 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Good, Cask number 143 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Good, Cask number 137 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 134 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 89 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 107 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 145 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 150 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 119 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 127 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 103 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 99 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 140 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 133 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 106 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 149 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 153 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 116 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 118 Beef: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 135 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Good, Cask number 169 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Good, Cask number 177 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Good, Cask number 239 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Good, Cask number 160 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Good, Cask number 268 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Good, Cask number 292 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Good, Cask number 217 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Good, Cask number 190 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 257 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 201 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 225 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Indifferent, Cask number 297 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 228 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 238 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 158 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 215 Pork: Ship Hampshire, Condition Bad, Cask number 223	Jonathan Doveton, James Desfountain and Robert Leech reported to Governor Skottowe and the Council on the Company's provisions landed from the Osterley and the Hampshire. From the Osterley they had examined 12 casks of pork, all of them good, and 30 casks of beef. Of the beef, 16 casks were good, 7 middling and 7 bad. From the Hampshire they had examined 17 casks of pork, of which 8 were good, 4 middling and 5 bad. They had also examined 20 casks of beef, of which 3 were good, 5 middling and 12 bad. The poor provisions were badly coloured and smelt unpleasant. The examiners believed the meat had not been properly salted, since there was little sign of salt in the casks. They had also examined several casks of flour from the same ships and found it good. The only exception was the Hampshire's casks marked BEN and BB, which were a little worse than those marked SH. They enclosed an exact list of the numbers of the casks examined and signed the report at St Helena on 8 July 1775. Cask numbers examined Osterley, good beef, cask number 23 Osterley, good beef, cask number 64 Osterley, good beef, cask number 3 Osterley, good beef, cask number 18 Osterley, good beef, cask number 76 Osterley, good beef, cask number 69 Osterley, good beef, cask number 51 Osterley, good beef, cask number 6 Osterley, good beef, cask number 20 Osterley, good beef, cask number 62 Osterley, good beef, cask number 56 Osterley, good beef, cask number 35 Osterley, good beef, cask number 33 Osterley, good beef, cask number 10 Osterley, good beef, cask number 30 Osterley, good beef, cask number 32 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 53 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 43 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 68 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 40 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 22 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 70 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 27 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 74 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 67 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 21 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 60 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 31 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 24 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 1 Osterley, good pork, cask number 128 Osterley, good pork, cask number 146 Osterley, good pork, cask number 123 Osterley, good pork, cask number 137 Osterley, good pork, cask number 145 Osterley, good pork, cask number 143 Osterley, good pork, cask number 141 Osterley, good pork, cask number 134 Osterley, good pork, cask number 33 Osterley, good pork, cask number 35 Osterley, good pork, cask number 29 Hampshire, good beef, cask number 111 Hampshire, good beef, cask number 143 Hampshire, good beef, cask number 137 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 134 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 89 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 107 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 145 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 150 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 119 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 127 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 103 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 99 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 140 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 133 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 106 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 149 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 153 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 116 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 118 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 135 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 169 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 177 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 239 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 160 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 268 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 292 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 217 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 190 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 257 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 201 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 225 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 297 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 228 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 238 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 158 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 215 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 223 Interpretations The Hampshire's beef was far worse than the Osterley's. Twelve of her 20 casks were bad, against 7 of 30 from the Osterley. The examiners blamed poor salting at the time of packing, not damage on the voyage. That placed the fault on the contractor who had packed the meat in England or Ireland, not on the ship. The list of cask numbers now gave the Court of Directors the evidence it needed to trace the bad casks to their packer and claim against him. The letters BEN, BB and SH on the flour casks were the marks of different millers or contractors. Recording which marks gave poor flour let the Court see which supplier fell short. It could then use that knowledge when it placed the next season's orders.
165	158	8th July We this day granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange, drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors Viz. One Set to John Skottowe Esqr. for four hundred and seventy three pounds, eighteen shillings, and four pence, payable to Mr. Robert Barclay (or Order) One Set to Daniel Corneille Esqr. for thirty four pounds six shillings, payable to Messrs. Stainforth, Gibson, and Stainforth (or Order) One Set to Mr. Matthew Bazett for five hundred and eight pounds, seven shillings and six pence payable to Matthew Purling Esqr. (or Order) One Set to Mr. William Wrangham for five hundred and five pounds fifteen shillings, payable to Matthew Purling Esqr. (or Order) And one Set to Mr. Jonathan Doveton for one hundred and eighty five pounds, five shillings, payable to Captain Richard Doveton (or Order) all drawn at Ninety Days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council granted the following sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, all payable at 90 days' sight. Bills of exchange granted, 8 July 1775 John Skottowe, payable to Robert Barclay or his order, £473 18s 4d Daniel Corneille, payable to Stainforth, Gibson and Stainforth or their order, £34 6s 0d Matthew Bazett, payable to Matthew Purling or his order, £508 7s 6d William Wrangham, payable to Matthew Purling or his order, £505 15s 0d Jonathan Doveton, payable to Captain Richard Doveton or his order, £185 5s 0d Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations Matthew Purling received bills from both Bazett and Wrangham on the same day, after earlier remittances to him on 12 April 1775 and 8 June 1775. He was clearly acting as London agent for several of the island's officials. He received their money, invested or paid it out on their instructions, and looked after their affairs at home. An official on St Helena could not manage his own money in England, so he relied on such an agent, often a man with long ties to the Company. Governor Skottowe sent home £473 18s 4d, only a month after his remittance of £650 0s 0d on 8 June 1775. Bazett and Wrangham each sent more than £500 0s 0d. Taken together, these sums showed how much money the island's senior officials were earning beyond their salaries at the height of the shipping season. Jonathan Doveton's bill went to Captain Richard Doveton, probably a relative. It reflected the family connections that ran through the Company's service.
166	159	1775 At a Consultation held on Monday the 10 Day of July 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 8 July 1775. Yesterday Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Hampshire for Fort Marlborough. This day Sailed the Honble. Company's Ships Bute and Pacifick for England. We this day received the following Letter from the Engineer. John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council. Gentlemen I have the Honour to acquaint you that the Artificers and Labourers were chiefly Employed the last Quarter in Erecting a large Store Room, which I have the pleasure to inform you is compleated, likewise carrying forward three New Houses in this Valley. I do intend with your permission, Gentlemen, this ensuing quarter, building a New Dairy, and a Larder for the Plantation House, and a drain to carry off the filth from the Honble. Company's Stores, and according to your former order carry forward with all expedition the three New Houses in this Valley. St. Helena 10 July 1775. I have the Honour to be Gentlemen Your most Obt. Servt. (Signed) James Tippet	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 10 July 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 8 July 1775. The Company's ship Hampshire sailed for Fort Marlborough on Sunday 9 July 1775. The Company's ships Bute and Pacific sailed for England on the day of the meeting. The Council received a letter from the engineer, James Tippet. He reported that the craftsmen and labourers had spent most of the past quarter building a large storeroom, which was now finished. They had also pressed on with the three new houses in the valley. With the Council's permission, he meant to spend the coming quarter building a new dairy and a larder for Plantation House. He also planned a drain to carry the filth away from the Company's stores. As the Council had already ordered, he would finish the three new houses as quickly as possible. Tippet signed the letter at St Helena on 10 July 1775. Interpretations Tippet set out his programme for the coming quarter and asked leave before starting any new work. The engineer controlled the Company's labour force, but every new building needed the Council's approval because each one drew on the wages and stores the Council had to account for. A quarterly report and plan let the Council weigh new projects against the cost already shown in the paymaster's and storekeeper's accounts. It also let the Council decide which works came first. The three new houses, already promised to Stewart, Wrangham and Stroud, were to keep their priority.
167	160	10th July To which We directed the Secretary to Write him the following Answer. To Captain James Tippet Engineer Sir I am directed by the Governor and Council to acquaint You, that you are to expedite the Works you mentioned in your Letter of this day. Also to make a proper Drain in the Company's Black House in this Valley. And likewise another in the Yard of the Hospital. St. Helena 10 July 1775. I am Sir Your humble Servant (Signed) B. Wright Secy. The Plantation Account for the Quarter and the expence of Artillery Stores, and Stewards Accounts for the Month of June last were this Day laid before Us, which were examined approved of, and are as follows.	The Council told the secretary to send Tippet a reply. It directed him to press on with the works named in his letter of that day. He was also to build a proper drain at the Company's slave house in the valley, and another in the yard of the hospital. Britannicus Wright signed the reply as secretary at St Helena on 10 July 1775. The Council then examined and approved the plantation account for the quarter and the artillery stores and steward's accounts for June 1775. Interpretations Tippet had proposed only one drain, to clear filth from the Company's stores. The Council went further and ordered two more, at the slave house and in the hospital yard. Both were crowded places where foul water and waste bred sickness. The Company's slaves lived packed together in a single building, and the hospital took in sick soldiers and seamen from the ships. A fever that started in either place could spread through the garrison and the labour force on which the island depended. Draining them protected the Company's workers as well as its goods.
168	161	1775 Account of the Honble. Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c. from the 10 of April to the 30 June 1775. Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Shoats, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Boars, Hogs Total, Horses, Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys, Poultry Geese Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 10, Neat Cattle Cows 95, Neat Cattle Calves 58, Neat Cattle Yearlings 39, Neat Cattle Heifers 32, Neat Cattle Steers 34, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 284, Sheep Ewes 302, Sheep Weathers 108, Sheep Lambs 5, Sheep Rams 12, Sheep Total 427, Goats Ewes 68, Goats Weathers 10, Goats Kids 18, Goats Rams 5, Goats Total 101, Hogs Sows 6, Hogs Shoats 9, Hogs Pigs 6, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 23, Horses 6, Mares 8, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 68, Poultry Ducks 35, Poultry Turkeys 27, Poultry Geese 9 Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 37, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 37, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 47, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 47, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 16, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 16, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 9, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 9, Horses 0, Mares 1, Horses Total 1, Poultry Fowls 49, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 15, Poultry Geese 12 Received: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 0, Sheep Ewes 11, Sheep Weathers 101, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 112, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 0, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 0, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 0, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 10, Neat Cattle Cows 95, Neat Cattle Calves 95, Neat Cattle Yearlings 39, Neat Cattle Heifers 32, Neat Cattle Steers 34, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 321, Sheep Ewes 313, Sheep Weathers 209, Sheep Lambs 52, Sheep Rams 12, Sheep Total 586, Goats Ewes 68, Goats Weathers 10, Goats Kids 34, Goats Rams 5, Goats Total 117, Hogs Sows 6, Hogs Shoats 9, Hogs Pigs 15, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 32, Horses 6, Mares 9, Horses Total 15, Poultry Fowls 117, Poultry Ducks 35, Poultry Turkeys 42, Poultry Geese 21 Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 1, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 4, Neat Cattle Steers 6, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 11, Sheep Ewes 7, Sheep Weathers 60, Sheep Lambs 1, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 68, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 4, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 4, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 3, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 18, Poultry Ducks 24, Poultry Turkeys 12, Poultry Geese 0 Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 2, Neat Cattle Yearlings 1, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 3, Sheep Ewes 9, Sheep Weathers 25, Sheep Lambs 7, Sheep Rams 2, Sheep Total 43, Goats Ewes 1, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 2, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 3, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 11, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 3, Poultry Geese 0 Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 5, Neat Cattle Cows 95, Neat Cattle Calves 92, Neat Cattle Yearlings 38, Neat Cattle Heifers 28, Neat Cattle Steers 28, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 302, Sheep Ewes 297, Sheep Weathers 124, Sheep Lambs 44, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 475, Goats Ewes 67, Goats Weathers 10, Goats Kids 28, Goats Rams 5, Goats Total 110, Hogs Sows 6, Hogs Shoats 6, Hogs Pigs 15, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 29, Horses 6, Mares 9, Horses Total 15, Poultry Fowls 88, Poultry Ducks 11, Poultry Turkeys 27, Poultry Geese 21 Slaves Born 1 Boy Named David Blake 1 do. do. Bob Frank 1 Girl do. Mary Plato Deceased Slaves 1 Man do. Gingerbread 1 do. do. Liverpool 1 do. do. Sandwich 1 Boy do. James Standby 1 Man do. Buck Yams Expended for the Slaves 28,700 do. do. for the Stock 19,670 Total 48,370 Sold 5 Bulls amountg. to£ 34 . 13 . Errors Excepted (Signed) Danl. Corneille	The account of the Company's livestock from 10 April to 30 June 1775 was recorded as follows. Company livestock, 10 April to 30 June 1775 Remaining at 10 April, neat cattle: 10 bulls, 95 cows, 58 calves, 39 yearlings, 32 heifers, 34 steers, 16 oxen, total 284 Remaining at 10 April, sheep: 302 ewes, 108 wethers, 5 lambs, 12 rams, total 427 Remaining at 10 April, goats: 68 ewes, 10 wethers, 18 kids, 5 rams, total 101 Remaining at 10 April, hogs: 6 sows, 9 shoats, 6 pigs, 2 boars, total 23 Remaining at 10 April, horses: 6 horses, 8 mares, total 14 Remaining at 10 April, poultry: 68 fowls, 35 ducks, 27 turkeys, 9 geese Increase by breeding, neat cattle: 37 calves, total 37 Increase by breeding, sheep: 47 lambs, total 47 Increase by breeding, goats: 16 kids, total 16 Increase by breeding, hogs: 9 pigs, total 9 Increase by breeding, horses: 1 mare, total 1 Increase by breeding, poultry: 49 fowls, 0 ducks, 15 turkeys, 12 geese Received, sheep: 11 ewes, 101 wethers, total 112 Total, neat cattle: 10 bulls, 95 cows, 95 calves, 39 yearlings, 32 heifers, 34 steers, 16 oxen, total 321 Total, sheep: 313 ewes, 209 wethers, 52 lambs, 12 rams, total 586 Total, goats: 68 ewes, 10 wethers, 34 kids, 5 rams, total 117 Total, hogs: 6 sows, 9 shoats, 15 pigs, 2 boars, total 32 Total, horses: 6 horses, 9 mares, total 15 Total, poultry: 117 fowls, 35 ducks, 42 turkeys, 21 geese Killed, neat cattle: 1 calf, 4 heifers, 6 steers, total 11 Killed, sheep: 7 ewes, 60 wethers, 1 lamb, total 68 Killed, goats: 4 kids, total 4 Killed, hogs: 3 shoats, total 3 Killed, poultry: 18 fowls, 24 ducks, 12 turkeys, 0 geese Died, neat cattle: 2 calves, 1 yearling, total 3 Died, sheep: 9 ewes, 25 wethers, 7 lambs, 2 rams, total 43 Died, goats: 1 ewe, 2 kids, total 3 Died, poultry: 11 fowls, 0 ducks, 3 turkeys, 0 geese Remaining at 30 June, neat cattle: 5 bulls, 95 cows, 92 calves, 38 yearlings, 28 heifers, 28 steers, 16 oxen, total 302 Remaining at 30 June, sheep: 297 ewes, 124 wethers, 44 lambs, 10 rams, total 475 Remaining at 30 June, goats: 67 ewes, 10 wethers, 28 kids, 5 rams, total 110 Remaining at 30 June, hogs: 6 sows, 6 shoats, 15 pigs, 2 boars, total 29 Remaining at 30 June, horses: 6 horses, 9 mares, total 15 Remaining at 30 June, poultry: 88 fowls, 11 ducks, 27 turkeys, 21 geese Slaves born: a boy named David Blake Slaves born: a boy named Bob Frank Slaves born: a girl named Mary Plato Slaves died: a man named Gingerbread Slaves died: a man named Liverpool Slaves died: a man named Sandwich Slaves died: a boy named James Standby Slaves died: a man named Buck Yams used for the slaves, 28,700 Yams used for the livestock, 19,670 Total yams used, 48,370 Bulls sold, 5, £34 13s 0d Daniel Corneille signed the account, subject to correction of any errors. Interpretations The 101 wethers received in the quarter were almost exactly the sheep bought from passing ships. The Company bought 60 from the Ceres on 12 April 1775 and 40 from the Sea Horse on 8 June 1775, with the 11 ewes probably coming from islanders. These ships' sheep went straight to the butcher. Sixty wethers were killed in the quarter, while only 7 ewes were slaughtered. Another 25 wethers died, a far higher loss than among the island's own ewes. Animals arriving thin and weak after months at sea often failed to recover. The figures thus bore out the different prices the Company paid: 15s for a ship's sheep fit only for slaughter, against about 23s for an island ewe that would breed. The flock grew from 427 at the start of the quarter to 475 at its end. That rise came from 47 lambs and 112 bought sheep. It was offset by 68 killed and 43 dead. Breeding alone would not have kept pace with what the Castle table and the shipping consumed, so the Company still relied on buying in. Yams were the staple food of the Company's slaves, and 28,700 of them were issued in the quarter. The livestock ate nearly as many again, which shows how much of the island's crop went to feeding animals. Of the slaves who died, three men bore names such as Gingerbread, Liverpool and Sandwich, given to them by their owners. These names were often taken from places, foods or noble titles, and they marked a slave as property. The three children born in the quarter received both a first name and a surname, such as David Blake and Mary Plato. That may reflect a slowly changing practice on the island.
169	162	10th July Artillery Stores expended in June 1775 Guns Fired, 9 lbs., 6 lbs., 4 lbs., 3 lbs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz 1 Departed a French Ship: Guns Fired 5, 9 lbs. 2, 6 lbs. 3, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 7, Powder Expended oz 8 4 do. a Dane Ship: Guns Fired 15, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 11, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 22, Powder Expended oz 8 To Salute the Danish Govr. going on Board: Guns Fired 15, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 11, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 22, Powder Expended oz 8 11 An Alarm: Guns Fired 6, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Hampshire: Guns Fired 9, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 22 An Alarm for 3 Ships: Guns Fired 11, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 7, 3 lbs. 4, Powder Expended lb 18, Powder Expended oz 4 Arrived the Bute and Pacifick: Guns Fired 18, 9 lbs. 8, 6 lbs. 10, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 27, Powder Expended oz 0 do. a French Ship: Guns Fired 11, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 7, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0 27 Alarm at Prosperous Bay & Turks Cap Ship pass'd: Guns Fired 8, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 6, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 18, Powder Expended oz 8 Departed a French Ship: Guns Fired 11, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 7, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0 For a General Field Day: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 150, Powder Expended oz 0 For Practice at Ruperts: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 193, Powder Expended oz 4 For Sundry Services: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 125, Powder Expended oz 9 Total: Guns Fired 109, 9 lbs. 30, 6 lbs. 54, 4 lbs. 17, 3 lbs. 8, Powder Expended lb 650, Powder Expended oz 1 Lead Ball lb 9 . 14 oz Tallow 27 Cartridge Paper 21 Quires Spunge Staves 2 do. Heads 27 Rammer Heads 27 Handspikes 6 Vinegar ½ Gallon Junk 500 lb Tompions 50 Cartridge Cases 20 Isinglass 4 oz White Rope 54 lb Match 12 lb Spirits Wine 1 Gallon (Signed) Jas. Tippet Captn. of Artillery	The artillery stores used in June 1775 were recorded as follows, and James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Artillery stores used in June 1775 1 June, departure of a French ship, 5 guns fired: 2 nine-pounders, 3 six-pounders, powder 7 lb 8 oz 4 June, departure of a Danish ship, 15 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 11 six-pounders, powder 22 lb 8 oz 4 June, salute to the Danish governor going aboard, 15 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 11 six-pounders, powder 22 lb 8 oz 11 June, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 11 June, arrival of the Hampshire, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 22 June, an alarm for 3 ships, 11 guns fired: 7 four-pounders, 4 three-pounders, powder 18 lb 4 oz 22 June, arrival of the Bute and the Pacific, 18 guns fired: 8 nine-pounders, 10 six-pounders, powder 27 lb 0 oz 22 June, arrival of a French ship, 11 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 7 six-pounders, powder 16 lb 0 oz 27 June, an alarm at Prosperous Bay and Turk's Cap for a ship passing, 8 guns fired: 6 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 18 lb 8 oz 27 June, departure of a French ship, 11 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 7 six-pounders, powder 16 lb 0 oz General field day, powder 150 lb 0 oz Practice at Rupert's, powder 193 lb 4 oz Various duties, powder 125 lb 9 oz Total, 109 guns fired: 30 nine-pounders, 56 six-pounders, 17 four-pounders, 8 three-pounders, powder 650 lb 1 oz Other stores used Lead ball, 9 lb 14 oz Tallow, 27 lb Cartridge paper, 21 quires Sponge staves, 2 Sponge heads, 27 Rammer heads, 27 Handspikes, 6 Vinegar, ½ gallon Junk, 500 lb Tompions, 50 Cartridge cases, 20 Isinglass, 4 oz White rope, 54 lb Match, 12 lb Spirits of wine, 1 gallon Interpretations A Danish governor going aboard on 4 June 1775 received a 15-gun salute, as many guns as the departing Danish ship herself. He was probably a senior official of the Danish settlement at Tranquebar, sailing home on the Ganges. The island's guns honoured foreign officials according to their rank, which helped keep good relations with the other European nations whose ships depended on St Helena for water and food. Junk was old, worn-out rope that could no longer be used aboard ship. Gunners picked it apart to make wads, which were rammed down the barrel to hold the powder and shot in place. The 500 lb used in June 1775 reflects the heavy live firing at the Rupert's range. Spirits of wine was distilled alcohol, used to make quick-burning priming for the guns' touch-holes. Powder use fell to 650 lb 1 oz in June 1775, down from 856 lb 1 oz in May 1775. Fewer ships called and practice at Rupert's took less powder as the southern winter drew in.
170	163	1775 Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in June 1775. 33 Bottles Madeira £ 2 . 7 . 6 20 do. Port 1 . 11 . 3 31 do. Lisbon 2 . 9 . 1 5 do. Mountain 54 do. Beer .. 7 . 11 16½ Gallons Arrack .. 18 .. 223½ Beef 2 . 9 . 6 268 Mutton 2 . 17 . 1½ 2 Turkeys 5 . 11 . 8 6 Fowls .. 10 . 6 Ducks .. 9 . 76 lb Candy .. 9 . 542 lb Flour 1 . 18 1 Lamb 5 . 1 . 7½ .. 10 . 27 . 10 . 1 Bought for the Table 81 lb Beef @ 6 2 .. 6 10 do. @ 3½ .. 3 . 1½ 7 Turkeys 1 . 15 23 Fowls 1 . 14 . 6 2 Ducks .. 3 1 Goose .. 5 8 Pigs 2 .. 48 Turtle 1 .. £ 9 . 1 . 1½ Ordered the following Advertisement to be Published Viz.	The stores used at the Company's table in June 1775 were recorded as follows. Stores used at the Company's table, June 1775 Madeira wine, 33 bottles, £2 7s 6d Port wine, 20 bottles, £1 11s 3d Lisbon wine, 31 bottles, £2 9s 1d Mountain wine, 5 bottles, £0 7s 11d Beer, 54 bottles, £0 18s 0d Arrack, 16½ gallons, £2 9s 6d Beef, 228½ lb, £2 17s 1½d Mutton, 268 lb, £5 11s 8d Turkeys, 2, £0 10s 0d Fowls, 6, £0 9s 0d Ducks, 6, £0 9s 0d Sugar candy, 76 lb, £1 18s 0d Flour, 542 lb, £5 1s 7½d Lamb, 1, £0 10s 0d Total from the stores, £27 10s 1d Bought for the table Beef, 81 lb at 6d a lb, £2 0s 6d Beef, 10 lb at 3½d a lb, £0 2s 11d Turkeys, 7, £1 15s 0d Fowls, 23, £1 14s 6d Ducks, 2, £0 3s 0d Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d Pigs, 8, £2 0s 0d Turtle, 48 lb, £1 0s 0d Total bought for the table, £9 1s 0½d The Council ordered the following notice to be published [continues]. Interpretations The table drew far more beef from the Company's own stores in June 1775 than in May 1775, 228½ lb against 15 lb. It bought much less from islanders, 91 lb against 189 lb. The cattle account for the same quarter showed 11 head killed. The Company was now using its own herd to supply the Castle instead of paying islanders 6d a pound. With fewer ships in the road during the southern winter, the herd could spare animals that would otherwise have gone to supply the shipping.
171	164	10th July Island St. Helena 10 July 1775 This is to give Notice to all the Inhabitants upon the said Island that the Society's Cellar will be opened every Day for the future (Sundays excepted) for vending of Spirituous Liquors from eight o'Clock in the Morning until twelve at Noon at which time proper attendance will be given, as there will be no delivery of Liquor, but in those Hours. Per Order of Council B. Wright Secy. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor having reason to suspect that the Person employed by the Gentlemen that have the Vending of Spirituous Liquors to the Inhabitants and Publick Houses has deviated from his repeated Verbal Instructions given him to regulate his Conduct, by have thought it necessary so far as his Business concerning the Publick Houses, And agreeable to the authority of the Honorable Company's Instructions to them, Do Order those Gentlemen for whom he is employed to give him Written Instructions as follows. 1 That from henceforward their Cellar for vending of Spirituous Liquors shall be open every day (Sundays excepted) from the Hours of eight o'Clock in the Morning until twelve at Noon, and that no serving of Arrack shall be at any other time of the day Sold to the Inhabitants, as made known by Publick Advertisement. 2 That all Inhabitants entitled to send for Spirituous Liquor shall send a Written permit for the quantity wanted, signed with their Name, and paying for the same, and no other pretext whatsoever to entitle the Person that has the care of serving the said Arrack to deliver the same. 3 That in case any of the Inhabitants &c. make a larger or	The Council published a notice to all the island's inhabitants, dated 10 July 1775. From then on the society's cellar would open every day except Sunday, from eight o'clock in the morning until noon, to sell spirits. Staff would be on hand during those hours, and no liquor would be handed out at any other time. Britannicus Wright signed the notice as secretary by order of the Council. Governor Skottowe and Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille had reason to believe that the man employed to sell spirits had broken his instructions. He worked for the gentlemen who held the right to sell spirits to the inhabitants and to the public houses. He had been told several times by word of mouth how to conduct himself. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor therefore thought it necessary to act on his dealings with the public houses, using the authority the Company's instructions gave them. They ordered the gentlemen who employed him to give him written instructions, as follows. 1: From then on, their cellar for selling spirits was to open every day except Sunday, from eight o'clock in the morning until noon. No arrack was to be sold to the inhabitants at any other time of day, as the public notice had announced. 2: Every inhabitant entitled to buy spirits was to send a written order stating the quantity wanted, signed with his name, and was to pay for it. The man serving the arrack was to accept no other reason for handing it over. 3: If any of the inhabitants made a larger [continues]. Interpretations The sale of spirits on the island was a monopoly held by a group of gentlemen, here called the society. They bought the arrack, paid the Company's duty on it and sold it through their own cellar to householders and the public houses. The Council could not run the trade itself, but it could control how the monopoly operated. Short opening hours and signed orders made every sale traceable to a named buyer. This gave the Council a record of who was drawing how much spirit. It also made it harder to supply soldiers, slaves or sailors from the ships, who were not entitled to buy. Drunkenness in the garrison was a constant concern, and controlling the one legal source of supply was the most effective check the Council had. The Council turned verbal instructions into written ones because the seller had ignored them. A written order could be produced as proof if he broke the rules again, and the society could not claim it had not known what was required.
172	165	1775 oftener repeated demand for Arrack than what either the number of their Familys or their visible means of livelihood may be thought to afford, to acquaint the Gentlemen of the Society immediately therewith in Order that the same be laid before the Governor and Lieut. Governor for their future regulations. 4 That the Poorer sort of Inhabitants that cannot afford to take so large a quantity as five Gallons (as established by the former regulations) that the Gentlemen of the Society to be informed of the same, and with their permission they may direct them to be served with two or three Gallons but not to Issue a smaller quantity to any person whatever. 5 That the Person employed by those Gentlemen for serving of Spirituous Liquors give proper attendance in Person and upon no account whatsoever to employ any Person for him. St. Helena 10 July 1775. (Signed) John Skottowe Danl. Corneille John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The third instruction continued that if any inhabitant asked for more arrack, or asked more often, than the size of his family or his visible means of living seemed to justify, the seller was to tell the gentlemen of the society at once. They would then lay the matter before the Governor and Lieutenant Governor so that further rules could be made. 4: Some poorer inhabitants could not afford to buy as much as five gallons, the smallest quantity set under the earlier rules. In such cases the seller was to inform the gentlemen of the society. With their permission, those inhabitants could be served two or three gallons, but no one was to be sold any smaller amount. 5: The man employed by the society to sell spirits was to attend to the work in person. He was on no account to employ anyone to act in his place. Governor Skottowe and Daniel Corneille signed the instructions at St Helena on 10 July 1775. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham then signed the entry. Interpretations The rules set a minimum quantity of five gallons, cut to two or three gallons only by special permission, and never smaller. A large minimum meant the cellar could not be used as a dram shop. Soldiers, sailors and labourers could not drop in to buy a pint or a glass at a time, which was how drunkenness spread through a garrison. Small sales were left to the licensed public houses, which the Council could watch and close. Householders bought spirit in bulk for their families, and any unusually large or frequent order was to be reported. The rule against appointing a deputy made the named seller personally responsible for every sale.
173	166	17th July At a Consultation held on Monday the 17 day of July 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 10 July 1775. Tuesday the 11 Arrived the York's Boat at Bankes at four o'Clock in the Afternoon. do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship York from Fort Marlborough. Being in want of Pepper for the use of this Settlement, We sent Captain George Hayter the following Order Viz. To Captain George Hayter Commander of Ship York. Sir You are hereby Ordered to send on shore four Bags of the Honorable Company's White Pepper for the use of this Island. St. Helena 17 July 1775 We are Sir Your humble Servants (Signed) John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Matthew Bazett William Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 17 July 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 10 July 1775. The boat of the York reached Banks's at four o'clock in the afternoon on Tuesday 11 July 1775. The Company's ship York arrived the same day from Fort Marlborough. The island needed pepper, so the Council sent an order to Captain George Hayter, commander of the York. He was to send ashore four bags of the Company's white pepper for the island's use. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the order at St Helena on 17 July 1775. Interpretations The Council took the pepper directly from the York's homeward cargo instead of ordering it from India. The cargo belonged to the Company and was bound for sale in London, so the Council could draw on it for the island's needs with a simple written order to the commander. The four bags would be charged to St Helena's account at their cost and deducted from what the ship delivered in England. This was quicker and cheaper than waiting a year for a supply to come out from Bencoolen. White pepper came from the same Sumatran vine as black pepper. The ripe berries were soaked in water until the dark outer skin rotted away, leaving the pale inner seed. It was milder than black pepper and fetched a higher price, and Fort Marlborough was the Company's main source of it.
174	167	1775 Captain George Hayter Delivered up to Us William Roberts a Deserter from Bencoolen. We have Entertained him in this Garrison to serve the Honorable Company five Years as a Soldier, and gave him three pounds to buy him necessarys, likewise Thos. Owen who deserted upon his Ship the last Year and was returned to this Island by the Presidency of Fort Marlborough. John Young this day presented the following Petition. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council. The humble Petition of John Young Company's Steward on this Island. Humbly Sheweth That your Petitioners present Employment is too Labourious a Nature for him to confine himself to, as a constant and invariable attendance is indispensibly required. Your Petitioner therefore prays your Worship and the Gentlemen for leave to quit the present Employment he is engaged in. And your Petitioner as in duty bound shall ever pray. Granted The Storekeeper this day brought in his Collections, and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter Commencing the 1 April and ending the 30 June last which were Examined, approved, and are as follow Viz.	Captain George Hayter handed over to the Council William Roberts, a deserter from Bencoolen. The Council took him into the garrison to serve the Company as a soldier for five years and gave him £3 0s 0d to buy his necessaries. It did the same for Thomas Owen. Owen had deserted from the island the year before by stowing away aboard a ship, and the presidency of Fort Marlborough had sent him back. John Young, the Company's steward on the island, petitioned the Governor and Council. He said that his post was too heavy for him to continue in, since it needed someone in constant attendance at all times. He asked leave to give it up. The Council granted his request. The storekeeper presented his collections, and the paymaster his accounts, for the quarter from 1 April to 30 June 1775. The Council examined and approved both. Interpretations The Council enlisted both deserters and gave them the ordinary bounty instead of punishing them. Owen had run from the St Helena garrison itself, an offence that could have brought a flogging or a court martial. Roberts had deserted from the Bencoolen garrison, and the expected course was to send him back to face Fort Marlborough's justice. The Council chose to put both men into its own ranks, where it had already lost more than a dozen men through discharge since May 1775. A trained soldier on the spot was worth more to the garrison than an example made of him. The bounty also gave each man a stake in staying, which a punishment would not. The return of Owen showed the presidencies cooperating against desertion. A soldier who slipped aboard a ship could reach any Company settlement in the East. The settlements sent such men back to their own garrisons so that desertion could not become a free passage out of the service.
175	168	17th July Collection of Goods Sold and delivered out of the Honorable Company's Ware Houses from the 1 April to the 30th June 1775. Sold at 10 pr. Cent Sugar and Candy Viz. c q lb 80 .. 3 Sugar 131 . 1 26 . 2 . 20 Candy 62 . 16 . 7 2 . 1 . 10 do. Fine 7 . 1 . 11 200 . 19 . 6 Flour Viz. 103 . 1 . 21 Flour 103 . 12 . 2 485 . 1 .. do. Baked 509 . 10 . 3 613 . 2 . 5 Rice and Paddy Viz. 19 .. 4 Rice 9 . 1 . 9 6 . 1 . 17 Paddy 1 . 11 . 10 10 . 13 . 7 Sope c q lb 7 .. 15 21 . 11 . 8 Salt 28½ Bushels 4 . 13 . 11 Tea Viz. 432 Singlo 24 . 19 . 6 475 Congo 25 . 14 . 1 695 Bohea 25 . 16 . 10 8 Cannisters Hyson 3 . 14 . 10 80 . 5 . 3 Cordage c q lb 5 .. 3 10 . 3 . 11 Coffee 35 1 . 14 . 10 Starch 25 lb .. 15 . 7 Sago 122 lb 2 . 10 . 10 Beef and Pork Viz. 1983 lb Beef 198 . 10 . 3592 do. Pork 359 . 4 557 . 14 . Flannel 20½ Yards 2 . 3 . 2 Carried Over £ 1511 . 13 . 8	The storekeeper's collection covered goods sold and issued from the Company's warehouses from 1 April to 30 June 1775. Collection of goods sold and issued from the Company's warehouses, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Sold at 10 per cent above cost Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 80 cwt 0 qr 3 lb, £131 1s 0d Sugar candy, 26 cwt 2 qr 20 lb, £69 16s 7d Fine sugar candy, 2 cwt 1 qr 10 lb, £7 1s 11d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £207 19s 6d Flour Flour, 103 cwt 1 qr 21 lb, £108 12s 2d Flour issued baked, 485 cwt 1 qr 0 lb, £509 10s 3d Total for flour, £618 2s 5d Rice and paddy Rice, 14 cwt 0 qr 4 lb, £9 1s 9d Paddy, 6 cwt 1 qr 17 lb, £1 11s 10d Total for rice and paddy, £10 13s 7d Soap, 7 cwt 0 qr 15 lb, £21 11s 8d Salt, 28½ bushels, £4 13s 11d Tea Singlo tea, 132 lb, £24 19s 6d Congou tea, 475 lb, £25 14s 1d Bohea tea, 695 lb, £25 16s 10d Hyson tea, 8 canisters, £3 14s 10d Total for tea, £80 5s 3d Cordage, 5 cwt 0 qr 3 lb, £10 3s 11d Coffee, 35 lb, £1 14s 10d Starch, 25 lb, £0 15s 7d Sago, 122 lb, £2 10s 10d Beef and pork Beef, 1,935 pieces, £193 10s 0d Pork, 3,592 pieces, £359 4s 0d Total for beef and pork, £552 14s 0d Flannel, 20½ yards, £2 3s 2d Carried forward, £1,511 13s 8d Interpretations Beef sales rose more than threefold against the first quarter of 1775, from 581 pieces to 1,935, while pork fell from 5,001 pieces to 3,592. The salt meat on the island had changed in the meantime. The Osterley and the Hampshire had landed 50 casks of beef, and the inspection of 8 July 1775 found 19 of them bad or middling. Badly salted beef would not keep. The storekeeper probably pushed it out to the garrison quickly, before it spoiled, and held back the pork, which had kept better. Flour sales held steady, with 485 cwt issued baked against 476 cwt in the first quarter. Sugar fell from about 98 cwt to 80 cwt. Fewer ships called during the southern winter, so there were fewer passengers and crews buying from the stores.
176	169	1775 Brought Over £ 1511 . 13 . 8 Chelloes 26½ Pieces 16 . 5 . 2 Pease 17½ Bushels 5 . 11 . 5 Lead Viz. 1 .. 13 Sheet 1 . 4 . 8 .. 3 . 4 Shott .. 16 . 6 2 . 1 . 2 Candles c q lb .. 1 . 4 5 . 4 Twine Viz. 29 Sk. Twine .. 16 . 11 13½ Cotton Wick 2 . 7 . 2 3 . 4 . 1 Blankets 3 .. 18 . 8 Corks Viz. 17½ Gro. Corks 2 . 2 . 1 2½ Shot .. 1 . 9 2 . 3 . 10 Oars 10 2 . 4 . 2 Leather Viz. 4 lb Sole .. 4 . 1 1 Calfskin .. 11 . 9 .. 15 . 10 Broad Cloth Viz. 2⅝ Yds. Scarlet 2 . 13 . 6 16⅞ do. Mazarine Blue 16 . 4 . 9 22 do. Light do. 21 . 3 . 6 17⅜ do. Dark Brown 16 . 9 . 3 6 do. Black 5 . 12 . 3 1 do. Green .. 19 . 4 43½ do. Buff Cassimere 20 . 3 . 3 1½ do. Black do. .. 11 . 9 84 . 3 Bunting Viz. 4½ Yards Red .. 3 . 7 8 do. Blue .. 5 .. 8 . 7 Braziers Ware Viz. 1 Five quart Tea Kettle .. 13 . 8 2 Hand Bells .. 5 . 10 1 . 4 . 6 Carried Over £ 1635 . 13 . 7	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,511 13s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,511 13s 8d Chelloes, 26½ pieces, £16 5s 2d Pease, 12½ bushels, £5 11s 5d Lead Sheet lead, 1 cwt 0 qr 13 lb, £1 4s 8d Lead shot, 0 cwt 3 qr 4 lb, £0 16s 6d Total for lead, £2 1s 2d Candles, 0 cwt 1 qr 4 lb, £5 4s 0d Twine Twine, 29 skeins, £0 16s 11d Cotton wick, 13½ lb, £2 7s 2d Total for twine, £3 4s 1d Blankets, 3, £0 18s 8d Corks Corks, 17½ gross, £2 2s 1d Sheet cork, 2½ sheets, £0 1s 9d Total for corks, £2 3s 10d Oars, 10, £2 4s 2d Leather Sole leather, 4 sides, £0 4s 1d Calfskin, 1, £0 11s 9d Total for leather, £0 15s 10d Broadcloth Scarlet broadcloth, 2⅝ yards, £2 13s 6d Mazarine blue broadcloth, 16⅝ yards, £16 4s 9d Light blue broadcloth, 22 yards, £21 3s 6d Dark brown broadcloth, 17⅝ yards, £16 9s 3d Black broadcloth, 6 yards, £5 12s 3d Green broadcloth, 1 yard, £0 19s 4d Buff cassimere, 43⅝ yards, £20 3s 3d Black cassimere, 1½ yards, £0 11s 9d Total for broadcloth, £84 3s 0d Bunting Red bunting, 4½ yards, £0 3s 7d Blue bunting, 8 yards, £0 5s 0d Total for bunting, £0 8s 7d Brass and copper ware Five-quart tea kettle, 1, £0 18s 8d Hand bells, 2, £0 5s 10d Total for brass and copper ware, £1 4s 6d Carried forward, £1,635 13s 7d Interpretations Broadcloth sales almost tripled against the first quarter of 1775, from £31 0s 9d to £84 3s 0d. The colours had changed sharply. In the first quarter the stores sold only a quarter-yard of mazarine blue and no light blue, but this quarter they sold 16⅝ yards of mazarine and 22 yards of light blue. Buff cassimere, used for waistcoats and breeches, rose to 43⅝ yards. The pattern fits the making of new officers' uniforms, with blue coats and buff linings, waistcoats and breeches. Richard Knipe and Arthur Upton had both been made acting lieutenants in June 1775 and would perhaps have needed full officers' dress.
177	170	17th July Brought Over £ 1635 . 18 . 1 Books Viz. 10 Small Common prayer 1 . 16 . 8 1 Large do. .. 5 . 6 1 Large Bible 1 . 10 . 3 3 . 12 . 5 Buckram 5 Yards .. 5 . 7 Cutlery Ware Viz. 8 Fine Ivory Combs 1 . 4 . 8 14 Ordinary do. do. .. 17 . 6 2 Horn Combs .. .. 7 24 Buckg. do. .. 13 . ½ Doz. Stag Horn Handle Knives & Forks .. 7 . 3 5 Shoe Knives .. 2 . 4 17 Butchers do. .. 6 . 9 1 Chopping Knife .. 1 . 5 18 Pr. Leather Garters .. 13 . 6 1 Case Fleams .. 2 . 9 4 . 9 . 9 Camblet Viz. 1½ Yds. Scarlet .. 5 . 1 1½ do. Green .. 5 . 11 .. 11 . Canvas 8½ Yards English .. 9 . 8 Deals Viz. 8 Double 1 . 9 . 8 1 Single .. 2 . 3 4 Elm Boards 1 . 2 . 9 ½ Pr. Ash Plank 1 . 5 . 8 1 Cuffee .. 4 . 1 Wainscot Board .. 6 . 7 4 . 10 . 11 Earthen Ware Viz. 10 Large Cream Colour'd Tea Pots .. 11 . 1 4 Small do. do. .. 2 . 6 9 Large Red do. .. 9 . 11 8 Small do. do. .. 6 . 4 30 Stone Dishes 1 . 3 . 9 1 Milk Pan .. 1 . 5 3 .. Carried Over £ 1652 . 17 . 5	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,635 18s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,635 18s 1d Books Small Books of Common Prayer, 10, £1 16s 8d Large Book of Common Prayer, 1, £0 5s 6d Large Bible, 1, £1 10s 3d Total for books, £3 12s 5d Buckram, 5 yards, £0 5s 7d Cutlery and small wares Fine ivory combs, 8, £1 4s 8d Ordinary ivory combs, 14, £0 17s 6d Horn combs, 2, £0 0s 7d Buckling combs, 24, £0 13s 0d Stag-horn-handled knives and forks, ½ dozen, £0 7s 3d Shoe knives, 5, £0 2s 4d Butchers' knives, 17, £0 6s 9d Chopping knife, 1, £0 1s 5d Leather garters, 18 pairs, £0 13s 6d Case of fleams, 1, £0 2s 9d Total for cutlery and small wares, £4 9s 9d Camlet Scarlet camlet, 1½ yards, £0 5s 1d Green camlet, 1½ yards, £0 5s 11d Total for camlet, £0 11s 0d English canvas, 8½ yards, £0 9s 3d Deals Double deals, 8, £1 9s 3d Single deal, 1, £0 2s 3d Elm boards, 4, £1 2s 9d Ash plank, 7 pieces, £1 5s 8d [...] deal, 1, £0 4s 0d Wainscot board, 1, £0 6s 7d Total for deals, £4 10s 11d Earthenware Large cream-coloured teapots, 10, £0 11s 1d Small cream-coloured teapots, 4, £0 2s 6d Large red teapots, 9, £0 9s 11d Small red teapots, 8, £0 6s 4d Stoneware dishes, 30, £1 3s 9d Milk pan, 1, £0 1s 5d Total for earthenware, £3 0s 0d Carried forward, £1,652 17s 5d Interpretations The cream-coloured and red teapots came from the potteries of Staffordshire. Cream-coloured earthenware, made popular by Josiah Wedgwood in the 1760s, was cheap, light and pale enough to pass for porcelain. The red teapots were unglazed red stoneware, made in imitation of the prized Yixing teapots of China. Their presence beside Chinese porcelain from Canton showed that English potteries had begun to compete in the island's market for tableware. A fleam was a small lancet used to bleed animals, and sometimes people, by opening a vein. Farmers and grooms kept a case of fleams to bleed horses and cattle, which was then a standard treatment for many ailments. Buckram was a stiff linen cloth, glued or sized to keep its shape, and it was used to stiffen the collars and cuffs of coats.
178	171	1775 Brought Over £ 1652 . 17 . 5 Glass Ware Viz. 96 Wine Glasses 2 . 7 . 23 Beer do. .. 18 . 8 27 Tumblers .. 17 . 5 5 Quart Decanters .. 12 . 11 5 Pint do. .. 9 . 2 6 Squares 6 by 8 .. 1 . 11 2 do. 10 by 12 .. 1 . 11 30 do. 10½ by 16 2 . 1 . 3 7 . 10 . 3 Hats Viz. 18 Mens Fine 17 . 9 . 9 26 Boys 3 . 11 . 3 1 Mans Gold Lace 2 . 3 . 5 23 . 4 . 10 Hosiery Viz. 7 Pr. White Silk Stockings 6 . 7 . 2 3 Pr. Black do. do. 2 . 14 . 6 12 Pr. Mens Grey Worsted do. 2 . 7 . 4 66 Pr. do. Ordy. Thread do. 10 . 3 . 6 2 do. do. Fine do. do. .. 15 . 9 15 do. Boys Cotton do. 2 . 2 . 6 1 Pr. Black Silk Breeches 1 . 9 . 5 1 do. do. Worsted do. .. 12 . 1 26 . 12 . 3 Hooks and Lines Viz. 25 No. 6 .. 2 . 3 475 .. 7 1 . 9 . 9 150 .. 9 .. 4 . 9 150 .. 10 .. 2 . 9 100 .. 11 .. 1 . 7 250 .. 12 .. 4 . 2 150 .. 14 .. 1 . 4 1450 .. 15 .. 10 . 10 350 .. 16 .. 3 .. 50 .. 18 .. .. 4 26 Large .. 7 . 7 Hooks 312 No. 2 4 . 15 . 4 163 .. 3 2 . 13 . 9 10 Hambro .. 16 . 22 Log 1 . 2 . 11 1 Knot Sash .. 1 . 4 13 . 9 . 8 Carried Over £ 1723 . 7 . 5	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,652 17s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,652 17s 5d Glassware Wine glasses, 96, £2 7s 0d Beer glasses, 23, £0 18s 8d Tumblers, 27, £0 17s 5d Quart decanters, 5, £0 12s 11d Pint decanters, 5, £0 9s 2d Window panes 6 by 8 inches, 6, £0 1s 11d Window panes 10 by 12 inches, 2, £0 1s 11d Window panes 10½ by 16 inches, 30, £2 1s 3d Total for glassware, £7 10s 3d Hats Men's fine hats, 13, £17 9s 9d Boys' hats, 26, £8 11s 8d Man's gold-laced hat, 1, £2 3s 5d Total for hats, £28 4s 10d Hosiery White silk stockings, 7 pairs, £6 7s 2d Black silk stockings, 3 pairs, £2 14s 6d Men's grey worsted stockings, 12 pairs, £2 7s 4d Ordinary thread stockings, 66 pairs, £10 3s 6d Fine thread stockings, 2 pairs, £0 15s 9d Boys' cotton stockings, 15 pairs, £2 9s 6d Black silk breeches, 1 pair, £1 9s 5d Black worsted breeches, 1 pair, £0 12s 1d Total for hosiery, £26 19s 3d Hooks and lines Fish hooks number 6, 25, £0 2s 3d Fish hooks number 7, 475, £1 9s 9d Fish hooks number 9, 150, £0 4s 9d Fish hooks number 10, 150, £0 2s 9d Fish hooks number 11, 100, £0 1s 7d Fish hooks number 12, 250, £0 4s 2d Fish hooks number 14, 150, £0 1s 4d Fish hooks number 15, 1,450, £0 10s 10d Fish hooks number 16, 350, £0 3s 0d Fish hooks number 18, 50, £0 0s 4d Large fish hooks, 26, £0 7s 7d Fishing lines number 2, 312, £4 15s 4d Fishing lines number 3, 163, £2 13s 9d Hamburg lines, 10, £0 16s 0d Log lines, 22, £1 2s 11d Sash line, 1 hank, £0 1s 4d Total for hooks and lines, £13 2s 3d Carried forward, £1,728 7s 5d Interpretations Fewer fish hooks were sold than in the first quarter of 1775, about 3,150 against more than 4,700. Sales of the heavy number 2 and number 3 lines rose, however, from 337 to 475. The change matched the season. In the southern winter the smaller inshore fish moved off, and the island's fishermen worked deeper water with stronger lines for larger fish such as albacore and bonito.
179	172	17th July Brought Over £ 1723 . 7 . 5 Haberdashery Viz. 217 Sk. Silk 4 . 10 . 5 71 do. Mohair 1 . 15 . 6 27½ Doz. Mohair Ct. Buttons 1 . 3 . 9 23½ do. do. Bt. do. .. 10 . 4 11½ do. Gilt Coat do. .. 17 . 3 21 do. do. Breast do. .. 19 . 3 9½ do. Gold Basket Coat do. 2 . 6 . 4 11½ do. do. Breast do. 1 . 7 . 5 1½ do. Spangled Coat do. .. 16 . 4 6½ do. do. Breast do. 1 . 16 . 10 7½ Gro. White Waistcoat do. .. 19 . 5 5½ do. Shirt do. .. 15 . 10 8½ do. Horn Moulds .. 4 . 9 49 Ps. Tape 1 . 10 . 7 3 Ps. Carnation Tape .. 1 . 7 8 Pr. Silk Garters .. 9 . 10 1 Epaulet .. 10 . 11 20 . 16 . 4 Iron Ware Viz. 3 Splinter Locks .. 1 . 7 8 Pad do. .. 12 . 4 4 Stock do. .. 13 . 8 20 Chest do. 3 . 7 . 1 1 Iron rim'd do. with a Pullback .. 4 . 8 1 Blank Key .. 1 .. 3 Spring Rat Traps .. 5 . 4 6 Scythes 1 . 2 . 8 12 Scythe Stones .. 2 . 9 3 Pr. Sheep Sheers .. 5 1 Doz. Wood Screws .. 1 .. 1 Rag Stone .. .. 5 3½ Tin Tacks .. 5 . 4 1 Small Jack 2 . 14 . 10 1 Weight and Shifter .. 10 . 4 6 Pr. Dovetail Hinges .. 3 . 11 Iron Ware Carried Over £ 10 . 11 . 7 Carried Over £ 1749 . 3 . 9	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,728 7s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,728 7s 5d Haberdashery Silk, 217 skeins, £4 10s 5d Mohair thread, 71 skeins, £1 15s 6d Mohair coat buttons, 27½ dozen, £1 3s 9d Mohair breast buttons, 23½ dozen, £0 10s 4d Gilt coat buttons, 17½ dozen, £0 17s 3d Gilt breast buttons, 21 dozen, £0 19s 3d Gold basket coat buttons, 9½ dozen, £2 6s 4d Gold basket breast buttons, 11½ dozen, £1 7s 5d Spangled coat buttons, 1½ dozen, £0 16s 4d Spangled breast buttons, 6½ dozen, £1 16s 10d White waistcoat buttons, 7½ gross, £0 19s 5d White shirt buttons, 5½ gross, £0 15s 10d Horn button moulds, 8½ gross, £0 4s 9d Tape, 49 pieces, £1 10s 7d Carnation tape, 3 pieces, £0 1s 7d Silk garters, 8 pairs, £0 9s 10d Epaulette, 1, £0 10s 11d Total for haberdashery, £20 16s 4d Ironware [...] locks, 3, £0 1s 7d Padlocks, 8, £0 12s 4d Stock locks, 4, £0 13s 8d Chest locks, 20, £3 7s 1d Iron-rimmed lock with a pull-back latch, 1, £0 4s 8d Blank key, 1, £0 1s 0d Spring rat traps, 3, £0 5s 4d Scythes, 4, £1 2s 8d Scythe stones, 12, £0 2s 9d Sheep shears, 3 pairs, £0 5s 0d Wood screws, 1 dozen, £0 1s 0d Rag stone, 1, £0 0s 5d Tin tacks, 2½ lb, £0 5s 4d Small roasting jack, 1, £2 14s 10d Jack weight and pulley, 1, £0 10s 4d Dovetail hinges, 6 pairs, £0 3s 11d Ironware carried forward, £10 11s 7d Carried forward, £1,749 3s 9d Interpretations The single epaulette and the large rise in gilt and gold basket buttons fit with the new officers' uniforms suggested by the broadcloth sales. An epaulette was the ornamental shoulder piece worn by officers, and in 1775 a lieutenant usually wore one on the right shoulder. Gilt and gold buttons marked an officer's coat, while the plain mohair buttons went on ordinary clothing. The three pairs of sheep shears and four scythes point to farm work on the island. Shears were needed now that the flock had been rebuilt to 475, and scythes were needed to cut hay for the cattle and horses through the winter. Carnation tape was a pink tape, named after the colour of the flower.
180	173	1775 Brought Over Iron Ware brought Over £ 10 . 11 . 7 1 Pr. HL Hinges .. 1 .. 1 Pr. H do. .. 3 . 7 12 Ash Helves .. 7 . 9 1 Garden Hoe .. 1 . 11 6 Hand Hatchets .. 11 . 3 5 Large Frying Pans 1 . 4 . 11 2 Small do. .. 4 . 5 1 lb Bra. Chair Nails .. 3 . 4 7 lb Iron Wire .. 5 . 10 1 Set Jack Wheels .. 7 . 5 2 Pickaxes .. 7 . 4 5 Curry Combs and Brushes .. 10 . 8 1 Garden Rake .. 2 . 7 1 Chafing Dish .. 8 . 5 6 Files .. 2 . 9 1 Shod Shovel .. 1 . 11 1 Sheet Sand Paper .. .. 1 15 . 16 . 9 Iron Pots 8 Weight 167 1 . 4 . 9 Kersey 2½ Yards .. 3 . 6 Nails Viz. 11 .. 2 .. 8 . 9 20 .. 3 .. 15 . 5 29 .. 4 .. 18 . 9 23 .. 6 .. 13 . 5 6 .. 10 .. 3 . 2 7 .. 30 .. 2 . 9 2½ Glazg. Brads .. 2 . 4 3 . 4 . 7 Oil Viz. 82 Gallons Train 18 . 10 . 8 7½ do. Linseed 1 . 10 . 6 35 Bottles Florence 5 .. 7 ⅛ Gallon Turpentine .. .. 11 25 . 2 . 8 Pewter Viz. 2 Close Stool Pans .. 11 . 4 14 Chamber Pots 2 . 6 . 8 2 . 18 . Carried Over £ 1793 . 4 ..	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,749 3s 9d, with ironware resumed from its own subtotal of £10 11s 7d. Ironware brought forward, £10 11s 7d HL hinges, 1 pair, £0 1s 0d H hinges, 1 pair, £0 3s 7d Ash helves, 12, £0 7s 9d Garden hoe, 1, £0 1s 11d Hand hatchets, 6, £0 11s 3d Large frying pans, 5, £1 4s 11d Small frying pans, 2, £0 4s 5d Brass chair nails, 1 lb, £0 3s 4d Iron wire, 7 lb, £0 5s 10d Jack wheels, 1 set, £0 7s 5d Pickaxes, 2, £0 7s 4d Curry combs and brushes, 5, £0 10s 8d Garden rake, 1, £0 2s 7d Chafing dish, 1, £0 3s 5d Files, 6, £0 2s 9d Shod shovel, 1, £0 1s 11d Sandpaper, 1 sheet, £0 0s 1d Total for ironware, £15 16s 9d Iron pots, 8, weighing 167 lb, £1 4s 9d Kersey, 2½ yards, £0 3s 6d Nails Two-penny nails, 11 lb, £0 8s 9d Three-penny nails, 20 lb, £0 15s 5d Four-penny nails, 24 lb, £0 18s 9d Six-penny nails, 23 lb, £0 13s 5d Ten-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 2d Thirty-penny nails, 7 lb, £0 2s 9d Glazing brads, 2½ lb, £0 2s 4d Total for nails, £3 4s 7d Oil Train oil, 82 gallons, £18 10s 8d Linseed oil, 7½ gallons, £1 10s 6d Florence oil, 35 bottles, £5 0s 7d Turpentine, ⅓ gallon, £0 0s 11d Total for oil, £25 2s 8d Pewter Close-stool pans, 2, £0 11s 4d Chamber pots, 14, £2 6s 8d Total for pewter, £2 18s 0d Carried forward, £1,793 4s 0d Interpretations Train oil sales rose to 82 gallons, up from 73 gallons in the first quarter of 1775. April to June brought the southern winter, when nights on St Helena grew longer and households burned more lamp oil. Linseed oil fell from 45 gallons to 7½ gallons, since less outdoor painting was done in the damper season. Florence oil was olive oil from Tuscany, shipped in thin glass flasks wrapped in straw. It was used for cooking and salads at the better tables. Kersey was a coarse, ribbed woollen cloth, used for working clothes and soldiers' breeches. A chafing dish was a metal pan heated with charcoal, used to keep food warm at table. A shod shovel was a wooden shovel with an iron-shod edge.
181	174	17th July Brought Over £ 1798 . 4 Pitch and Tar Viz. 13 lb Pitch .. 2 . 2 6 Gallons Tar .. 5 . 6 62 lb Rosin .. 12 . 11 1 .. 7 Paint Viz. 62 lb Indico 5 . 16 . 11 10 Blue Smalts .. 19 . 2 9 White Lead mix'd .. 3 . 7 31 do. dry .. 10 . 4 5 Yellow Oaker dry .. 1 . 2 27 Chalk .. 2 . 3 19 Whiting .. .. 9 5 Logwood .. 1 . 2 2 Brimstone .. .. 5 41 Barrels Blacking 1 . 2 . 2 2 Ven. Red dry .. .. 6 8 . 18 . 5 Serge Viz. 8 Yards Scarlet 2 . 9 . 2 2½ do. Blue .. 13 . 5 ½ do. Green .. 2 . 5 11½ do. Blue Duffle 3 . 13 . 7 5 do. Brown do. 1 . 13 . 1 1 do. do. Fustian 2 . 8 . 5 11 . 5 . 1 Shaloon 21⅓ Yards Coloured 2 . 3 . 8 Sailors Cloaths Viz. 1 Mans Blue Jacket .. 3 1 do. Checked Shirt .. 3 . 8 1 Pr. Boys Breeches .. 3 . 5 1 do. Shirt .. 3 . 1 .. 13 . 2 Saddlery Viz. 3 Saddle Cloths .. 13 . 3 5 half Curb Bridles 1 . 15 . 4 Snaffle do. 1 . 7 . 6 Cruppers .. 11 . 4 10 Sursingles 1 . 17 . 4 2 Girths .. 4 . 11 3 Pr. Stirrup Leathers .. 8 . 3 6 . 17 . 1 Carried Over £ 1829 . 7 ..	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,798 4s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,798 4s 0d Pitch and tar Pitch, 13 lb, £0 2s 2d Tar, 6 gallons, £0 5s 6d Rosin, 62 lb, £0 12s 11d Total for pitch and tar, £1 0s 7d Paint Indigo, 62 lb, £5 16s 11d Blue smalt, 10 lb, £0 19s 2d White lead ground in oil, 9 lb, £0 3s 7d White lead dry, 31 lb, £0 10s 4d Yellow ochre dry, 5 lb, £0 1s 2d Chalk, 27 lb, £0 2s 3d Whiting, 19 lb, £0 0s 9d Logwood, 5 lb, £0 1s 2d Brimstone, 2 lb, £0 0s 5d Blacking balls, 41, £1 2s 2d Venetian red dry, 2 lb, £0 0s 6d Total for paint, £8 18s 5d Serge Scarlet serge, 8 yards, £2 9s 2d Blue serge, 2½ yards, £0 13s 5d Green serge, ½ yard, £0 2s 5d Blue duffel, 11½ yards, £3 13s 7d Brown duffel, 5 yards, £1 13s 1d White fustian, 1 piece, £2 8s 5d Total for serge, £11 0s 1d Coloured shalloon, 21⅓ yards, £2 3s 8d Sailors' clothing Man's blue jacket, 1, £0 8s 0d Man's checked shirt, 1, £0 3s 8d Boys' breeches, 1 pair, £0 3s 5d Boy's shirt, 1, £0 3s 1d Total for sailors' clothing, £0 18s 2d Saddlery Saddle cloths, 3, £0 13s 3d Half-curb bridles, 3, £1 15s 0d Snaffle bridles, 4, £1 7s 0d Cruppers, 6, £0 11s 4d Surcingles, 10, £1 17s 4d Girths, 2, £0 4s 11d Stirrup leathers, 3 pairs, £0 8s 3d Total for saddlery, £6 17s 1d Carried forward, £1,829 7s 0d Interpretations Saddlery sales rose to £6 17s 1d, up from 17s 6d in the first quarter of 1775. The new road to Longwood, opened in the same months, made riding across the island far easier and probably encouraged more islanders to keep horses. A snaffle was a simple jointed bit for everyday riding. A half-curb gave a rider more control on the island's steep tracks. A surcingle was a broad strap passing round the horse's body to hold a saddle cloth or pack in place.
182	175	1775 Brought Over £ 1829 . 7 Shirts Viz. 77 Soldiers 18 . 17 . 3½ Yards Brown Holland .. 6 . 1 3 Yards Course Irish Linen .. 4 . 1 ⅛ Pc. Huckaback for Table Cloths 1 . 7 . 2 1 Pc. do. for Napkins 1 . 16 . 4 22 . 10 . 8 Shoes Viz. 121 Pr. Mens Ordinary Shoes 31 .. 1 1 do. Mans Fine do. .. 6 . 1 2 do. Mens do. Pumps .. 11 .. 40 do. Womens Calimanco 8 . 9 . 2 34 do. do. Calf Leather 4 . 18 . 5 10 do. do. do. Pumps 2 .. 5 29 do. do. Spanish Leather Pumps 6 . 2 . 7 25 do. Girls Calimanco 4 . 3 . 4 20 do. do. Calf Leather 2 . 3 . 9 39 do. Boys 7 . 3 67 . 2 . 10 Thread Viz. 21 White and Brown 7 . 12 . 8 5½ Coloured .. 18 . 8 1 .. 7 No. 16 2 . 1 . 5 .. 14 .. 17 1 . 5 . 8 2 . 5 .. 18 2 . 6 . 3 14 . 4 . 8 Tin Ware Viz. 33 Quart Saucepans .. 16 . 6 27 Pint do. .. 9 . 7 11 Gallon Kettles 1 .. 2 7 Two Galln. do. 1 . 1 . 3 3 Dripping Pans .. 6 . 5 2 Cullenders .. 3 6 Watg. Pots 1 . 4 . 9 6 Lamps .. 4 . 7 12 Patty Pans .. 2 . 3 10 Pudding do. .. 12 . 3 2 Horn Lanthorns .. 8 . 7 1 Quart Funnel .. .. 5 1 Globe Lamp .. 9 . 8 1 Double Sheet Tin .. .. 9 6 . 19 . 2 Carried Over £ 1940 . 4 . 4	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,829 7s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,829 7s 0d Shirts Soldiers' shirts, 77, £18 17s 0d Brown holland, 3½ yards, £0 6s 1d Coarse Irish linen, 3 yards, £0 4s 1d Huckaback for tablecloths, ½ piece, £1 7s 2d Huckaback for napkins, 1 piece, £1 16s 4d Total for shirts, £22 10s 8d Shoes Men's ordinary shoes, 121 pairs, £31 0s 1d Man's fine shoes, 1 pair, £0 6s 1d Men's pumps, 2 pairs, £0 11s 0d Women's calimanco shoes, 40 pairs, £8 9s 2d Women's calf-leather shoes, 34 pairs, £4 18s 5d Women's calf-leather pumps, 10 pairs, £2 0s 5d Women's Spanish-leather pumps, 29 pairs, £6 2s 7d Girls' calimanco shoes, 25 pairs, £4 3s 4d Girls' calf-leather shoes, 20 pairs, £2 8s 9d Boys' shoes, 39 pairs, £7 3s 0d Total for shoes, £67 2s 10d Thread Whited brown thread, 21 lb, £7 12s 8d Coloured thread, 5½ lb, £0 18s 3d Thread number 16, 1 lb 1 oz, £2 1s 5d Thread number 17, 0 lb 14 oz, £1 5s 8d Thread number 18, 2 lb 5 oz, £2 6s 3d Total for thread, £14 4s 3d Tinware Quart saucepans, 33, £0 16s 6d Pint saucepans, 27, £0 9s 7d Gallon kettles, 11, £1 0s 9d Two-gallon kettles, 7, £1 1s 3d Dripping pans, 3, £0 6s 5d Colanders, 2, £0 3s 0d Watering pots, 6, £1 4s 9d Lamps, 6, £0 4s 7d Patty pans, 12, £0 2s 3d Pudding pans, 10, £0 12s 3d Horn lanterns, 2, £0 8s 7d Quart funnel, 1, £0 0s 5d Globe lamp, 1, £0 2s 8d Sheet of double tin, 1, £0 0s 9d Total for tinware, £6 19s 2d Carried forward, £1,940 4s 4d Interpretations The shoe account changed character between the two quarters. In the first quarter of 1775 nearly all the shoes sold were 334 pairs of ordinary shoes for the garrison. This quarter, 158 pairs went to women and girls and 39 to boys, against only 124 pairs for men. The soldiers had been supplied the previous quarter, and the new shipment from England had brought shoes for the islanders' families. The figures show a sizeable settled population of women and children on the island alongside the garrison. Calimanco was a glossy woollen cloth, often striped or patterned, used for the uppers of women's shoes. Spanish leather was fine goatskin tanned in the Spanish manner, soft and dyed, and it made the best women's pumps. Patty pans were small tins for baking pies and tarts.
183	176	17th July Brought Over £ 1940 . 4 . 4 Turners Ware Viz. 6 Hair Brooms .. 19 . 7 2 Birch do. .. .. 11 6 Scrubg. Brushes 1 .. 1 1 Paint Brush .. .. 6 19 Shoe Brushes .. 13 . 10 1 Cloth Brush .. 2 . 1 4 Mops .. 5 . 6 3 Punch Ladles .. 5 . 1 Flasket .. 3 . 9 3 Labourers Baskets .. 3 . 4 7 Hair Sives .. 11 . 3 2 Ox Bows .. 2 . 6 2 Wood Ladles .. .. 8 4 . 9 .. Long Cloth Viz. 2 Ps. No. 1 10 . 16 . 10 7 do. 2 32 . 11 . 5 8 do. 3 23 . 6 . 8 8 do. 4 23 . 2 .. 4 do. 5 6 . 13 . 8 12 do. 6 24 . 13 . 4 ⅝ Pc. Baftas .. 4 . 11 126 . 9 . 10 China Ware Viz. 9 Sets Octagon Dishes and Plates 9 . 13 . 6 8 Sallad Dishes .. 5 . 4 22 Baking do. 1 . 2 46 Guglets and Basons 7 . 1 . 10 44 Chamber Pots 3 . 13 . 2 196 Half Pint Cups and Saucers 4 . 16 144 Quart do. do. and do. 2 . 5 104 Bowls 4 .. 9 254 Sneakers 4 . 15 . 3 4 Tureens and Dishes 1 . 9 . 4 39 . 1 . 7 Beer 1 Hhd. Porter 3 . 11 . 2 Spice Viz. 1 lb Mace .. 1 . 4 2 Cloves .. 1 . 10 6 Pepper .. 3 . 5 .. 6 . 7 £ 2114 . 2 . 6	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,940 4s 4d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,940 4s 4d Turnery Hair brooms, 6, £0 19s 7d Birch brooms, 2, £0 0s 11d Scrubbing brushes, 6, £1 0s 1d Paint brush, 1, £0 0s 6d Shoe brushes, 19, £0 13s 10d Clothes brush, 1, £0 2s 1d Mops, 4, £0 5s 6d Punch ladles, 3, £0 5s 0d Flasket, 1, £0 3s 9d Labourers' baskets, 3, £0 3s 4d Hair sieves, 7, £0 11s 3d Ox bows, 2, £0 2s 6d Wooden ladles, 2, £0 0s 8d Total for turnery, £4 9s 0d Longcloth Longcloth number 1, 2 pieces, £10 16s 10d Longcloth number 2, 7 pieces, £32 11s 5d Longcloth number 3, 3 pieces, £23 6s 8d Longcloth number 4, 3 pieces, £23 2s 0d Longcloth number 5, 4 pieces, £6 13s 8d Longcloth number 6, 12 pieces, £24 15s 4d Baftas, ½ piece, £0 4s 11d Total for longcloth, £126 9s 10d China Sets of octagonal dishes and plates, 9, £9 13s 6d Salad dishes, 3, £0 5s 4d Baking dishes, 22, £1 2s 0d Guglets and basins, 46 sets, £7 1s 10d Chamber pots, 44, £3 13s 2d Half-pint cups and saucers, 196, £4 16s 0d Quart cups and saucers, 144, £2 5s 0d Bowls, 104, £4 0s 9d Sneakers, 254, £4 15s 3d Tureens and dishes, 4, £1 9s 4d Total for china, £39 1s 7d Porter, 1 hogshead, £3 11s 2d Spice Mace, 1 oz, £0 1s 4d Cloves, 2 oz, £0 1s 10d Pepper, 6 lb, £0 3s 5d Total for spice, £0 6s 7d Total sold at 10 per cent, £2,114 2s 6d Interpretations China sales rose to £39 1s 7d against £9 6s 4d in the first quarter of 1775, more than four times as much. The Royal Charlotte had arrived from Canton on 26 April 1775, so fresh stock reached the warehouses during the quarter, and islanders bought heavily while it lasted. Sneakers and half-pint cups sold by the hundred, which shows how widely tea drinking had spread among ordinary households. Porter was a strong, dark London beer brewed for the working population, and it kept well enough to be shipped in hogsheads to the East. A flasket was a long, shallow basket used to carry linen or vegetables. Ox bows were the curved wooden collars fitted round the necks of draught oxen, linking them to the yoke for hauling carts and ploughs on the plantation.
184	177	1775 Sold at 40 pr. Cent Broad Cloth Viz. 2½ Yards Black 2 . 19 . 2 5 do. Dark Brown 6 . 2 . 6 2½ do. French Grey 2 . 15 . 4 11 . 17 . Shaloon 5 Yards Coloured .. 12 . 11 Haberdashery Viz. 6 Sk. Silk .. 3 . 6 6 do. Mohair .. 4 . 6 3 Doz. do. Coat Buttons .. 3 . 2 3 do. do. Breast do. .. 4 . .. 15 . 2 Coals 4 Bushels .. 6 . 4 Iron Ware 25 Sail Needles .. 2 . 2 Iron 58 .. 14 . 4 Turners Ware Viz. 6 Tar Brushes .. 5 . 6 1 Hair Broom .. 4 . 1 .. 9 . 7 £ 14 . 17 . 6 Sold to the Honble. Company's Ships from 1 April to the 30 of June 1775. Paint Viz. 80 lb Red Lead 1 . 3 . 11 3 Vermillion 1 . 3 . 6 37 Yellow Oaker dry .. 11 . 6 34 Barrl. Blacking 3 . 1 . 9 50 lb White Lead dry 1 .. 10 20 Ven. Red mix'd .. 13 . 9 10 lb Blue Black .. 13 . 4 3 . 8 . 7 Tin Ware 24 Lanthorn Leaves .. 3 . Turners Ware 3 Paint Brushes .. 2 . 3 Bunting 10 Yards Red .. 11 . 5 Carried Over £ 9 . 2 . 3	Some goods in the quarter were sold at the higher mark-up of 40 per cent above cost. Sold at 40 per cent above cost Broadcloth Black broadcloth, 2½ yards, £2 19s 2d Dark brown broadcloth, 5 yards, £6 2s 6d French grey broadcloth, 2½ yards, £2 15s 4d Total for broadcloth, £11 17s 0d Coloured shalloon, 5 yards, £0 12s 11d Haberdashery Silk, 6 skeins, £0 3s 6d Mohair thread, 6 skeins, £0 4s 6d Mohair coat buttons, 3 dozen, £0 3s 2d Mohair breast buttons, 3 dozen, £0 4s 0d Total for haberdashery, £0 15s 2d Coal, 4 bushels, £0 6s 4d Ironware, sail needles, 25, £0 2s 2d Iron, 58 lb, £0 14s 4d Turnery Tar brushes, 6, £0 5s 6d Hair broom, 1, £0 4s 1d Total for turnery, £0 9s 7d Total sold at 40 per cent, £14 17s 6d The storekeeper also recorded the stores supplied to the Company's ships between 1 April and 30 June 1775. Sold to the Company's ships, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Paint Red lead, 80 lb, £1 3s 11d Vermilion, 3 lb, £1 3s 6d Yellow ochre dry, 37 lb, £0 11s 6d Blacking balls, 34, £0 3s 9d White lead dry, 56 lb, £1 0s 10d Venetian red ground in oil, 20 lb, £0 13s 9d Blue black, 10 lb, £0 13s 4d Total for paint, £5 10s 7d Tinware, lantern horn panes, 24, £0 3s 0d Turnery, paint brushes, 3, £0 2s 3d Red bunting, 10 yards, £0 11s 5d Carried forward, £9 9s 3d Interpretations The ships bought mostly paint, in contrast to the first quarter of 1775, when they had taken salt meat, cordage and pitch. Homeward ships from India and China often called at St Helena with their paintwork worn by months in the tropics. Commanders liked their ships to look smart on reaching England, where owners and the Directors would inspect them, and a fresh coat of paint at the island was a cheap way to achieve it. Red bunting was bought to replace flags and pennants faded or torn by the long voyage.
185	178	17th July Brought Over £ 9 . 2 . 3 Pitch and Tar Viz. 2 Barrels Pitch 3 . 5 . 8 4 do. Tar 5 . 9 . 5 8 . 15 . 1 Oil Viz. 33 Gallons Linseed 9 . 1 . 6 5 do. Train 1 . 9 . 2 10 . 10 . 8 Twine 76 Sk. 2 . 17 Anchors 1 Weight c q lb 34 . 2 . 10 77 . 3 . 6 Cordage 1 Cable do. 70 . 1 . 13 136 . 1 . 8 Coals 11 Bushels .. 13 . 4 China Ware 6 Baking Dishes .. 9 . 6 Nails Viz. 10 .. 6 15 .. 10 .. 13 . 5 Iron Ware 1 Small Frying Pan .. 4 £ 247 . 7 . 5 Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 April to the 30 June 1775. Arrack 92 Gallons, Sundry's Doctors Shop & Men Employed in Stores 19 . 3 . 4 Tea 6 lb Bohea Groom and Gardener .. 4 . 2 Sugar and Candy 58 Candy do. & do. 1 . 2 . 2 Sope 100 lb Linen 2 . 10 Starch 14½ do. .. 8 . 1 Coals 110 Bushels Smiths Shop 6 . 8 . 4 Blankets 4 Castle 1 . 2 . 7 Chelloe 1 Piece do. .. 11 . 2 Corks 6 Gross do. .. 13 . 3 Cordage c q lb 3 . 1 . 18 Crane 5 . 16 . 10 Candles Viz. 87 lb Castle 210 Council 30 Chaplain 25 Doctors Shop c q lb 5 . 2 . 25 94 . 6 . Carried Over £ 132 . 5 . 11	The stores supplied to the Company's ships continued from the total of £9 9s 3d brought forward. Brought forward, £9 9s 3d Pitch and tar Pitch, 2 barrels, £3 5s 8d Tar, 4 barrels, £5 9s 5d Total for pitch and tar, £8 15s 1d Oil Linseed oil, 33 gallons, £9 1s 6d Train oil, 5 gallons, £1 9s 2d Total for oil, £10 10s 8d Twine, 76 skeins, £2 17s 0d Anchor, 1, weighing 34 cwt 2 qr 10 lb, £77 3s 6d Cable, 1, weighing 70 cwt 1 qr 13 lb, £136 1s 8d Coal, 11 bushels, £0 13s 4d China, baking dishes, 6, £0 9s 6d Nails Six-penny nails, 10 lb Ten-penny nails, 15 lb Total for nails, £0 13s 5d Ironware, small frying pan, 1, £0 4s 0d Total sold to the Company's ships, £247 7s 5d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 April and 30 June 1775, to the general charges account. General charges, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Arrack for boats' crews and men employed in the stores, 92 gallons, £19 3s 4d Bohea tea for the groom and gardener, 6 lb, £0 4s 2d Sugar candy, 38 lb, £1 2s 2d Soap for washing linen, 10 lb, £0 9s 10d Starch for linen, 14½ lb, £0 8s 1d Coal for the smith's shop, 110 bushels, £6 8s 4d Blankets for the Castle, 4, £1 2s 7d Chelloes for the Castle, 1 piece, £0 11s 2d Corks for the Castle, 6 gross, £0 13s 3d Cordage for the crane, 3 cwt 1 qr 18 lb, £5 16s 10d Candles Candles for the Castle, 373 lb Candles for the Council, 213 lb Candles for the chaplain, 30 lb Candles for the doctor's shop, 25 lb Total candles, 5 cwt 2 qr 25 lb, £94 6s 0d Carried forward, £132 5s 11d Interpretations A Company ship bought a whole anchor and cable from the stores for £213 5s 2d, almost all the quarter's sales to shipping. A ship that lost her anchor in James Bay could not ride safely in the road, and an East Indiaman carried few spares for the rest of her voyage. The island kept a reserve of heavy ground tackle for this purpose. Its sea floor was rocky and steep, and cables often parted or anchors fouled when ships tried to weigh. Candles for the Castle and the Council rose to 641 lb, against 454 lb in the first quarter of 1775. The charge rose with them, from £68 2s 0d to £94 6s 0d. Most of the increase went to the Castle itself. The southern winter months brought longer nights, and the Castle's offices and household burned candles for more hours each day. The 92 gallons of arrack issued to the boats' crews and storehouse men was more than twice the first quarter's 44 gallons, reflecting the heavy landing work as ships arrived in April and May 1775.
186	179	1775 Brought Over £ 132 . 5 . 11 Oil Viz. 28½ Gallons Train Council 5 . 17 . 1 do. Linseed Church .. 4 . 2 1 Bottle Florence Carptr. Shop .. 2 . 8 6 . 3 . 10 Lead Viz. 35 Sheet Govr. and Lt. Govr. Fishermen .. 6 .. 40 Pig Crane .. 6 . 8 6 lb Shott Castle .. 1 . 2 .. 14 . 5 Hooks and Lines Viz. 125 No. 7 150 .. 6 Hooks .. 7 .. .. 1 . 4 30 .. 2 .. 8 . 4 12 .. 3 .. 3 . 11 12 .. 4 .. 4 . 6 Lines Govr. and Lieut. Govr. Fishermen 1 . 5 . 1 Deals Viz. 4 Single .. 8 .. 5 Double .. 16 . 10 1 Cuffee .. 3 . 9 Church and Store use ½ Pr. Oak Plank Crane 1 . 12 . 10 3 . 1 . 5 Nails Viz. 2 Glaz. Brads Packets .. 1 . 9 12 Coopers Rivets Coopers Shop .. 5 . 6 .. 7 . 3 Paint Viz. 8 lb Indico .. 13 . 6 6 Blue Smalts .. 10 . 5 Linen 44 Chalk Coopers Shop and Castle .. 2 . 9 6 lb Whiting .. .. 3 4 Ven. Red mix'd .. 1 . 11 6 White Lead mix'd .. 2 . 2 Church 1 . 11 .. Canvas Viz. 2 Yards English .. 2 .. 4½ do. Ticklenburgs .. 3 . 9 Packets .. 5 . 9 Carried Over £ 145 . 14 . 8	The general charges continued from the total of £132 5s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £132 5s 11d Oil Train oil for the Council, 28½ gallons, £5 17s 0d Linseed oil for the church, 1 gallon, £0 4s 2d Florence oil for the carpenter's shop, 1 bottle, £0 2s 8d Total for oil, £6 3s 10d Lead Sheet lead for the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen, 35 lb, £0 6s 0d Pig lead for the crane, 45 lb, £0 6s 3d Lead shot for the Castle, 6 lb, £0 1s 2d Total for lead, £0 14s 5d Hooks and lines for the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen Fish hooks number 7, 125, £0 7s 0d Fish hooks number 16, 150, £0 1s 4d Fishing lines number 2, 30, £0 8s 4d Fishing lines number 3, 12, £0 3s 11d Fishing lines number 4, 12, £0 4s 6d Total for hooks and lines, £1 5s 1d Deals for the church and the stores Single deals, 4, £0 8s 0d Double deals, 5, £0 16s 10d [...] deal, 1, £0 3s 9d Oak plank for the crane, ½ piece, £1 12s 10d Total for deals, £3 1s 5d Nails Glazing brads for pockets, 2 lb, £0 1s 9d Coopers' rivets for the cooper's shop, 12 lb, £0 5s 6d Total for nails, £0 7s 3d Paint Indigo for linen, 8 lb, £0 13s 6d Blue smalt for linen, 6 lb, £0 11s 5d Chalk for the cooper's shop and the Castle, 44 lb, £0 2s 9d Whiting, 6 lb, £0 0s 3d Venetian red ground in oil for the church, 4 lb, £0 1s 11d White lead ground in oil for the church, 6 lb, £0 2s 2d Total for paint, £1 11s 0d Canvas for pockets English canvas, 2 yards, £0 2s 0d Ticklenburg, 4½ yards, £0 3s 9d Total for canvas, £0 5s 9d Carried forward, £145 14s 8d Interpretations The Governor and the Lieutenant Governor each kept fishermen of their own, and the Company supplied them with hooks, lines and sheet lead for sinkers from its stores. The cost was charged to general expenses, alongside the Castle's candles and lamp oil. Fresh fish for the two senior officials' tables was thus provided at the Company's expense. It formed one more allowance in kind on top of their salaries and the public table at the Castle. Ticklenburg was a coarse, unbleached linen named after the town of Tecklenburg in Westphalia. Like osnaburg, it was used for sacks and rough clothing. The paint and deals issued for the church show work on the old church before the new one was built on the site cleared in 1775.
187	180	17th July Brought Over £ 145 . 14 . 8 Haberdashery Viz. 21 Sk. Silk Cryer of the Court & Govr. Fishermen .. 7 . 10 4 do. Mohair .. 1 . 8 3 doz. Gilt Coat Buttons .. 5 2½ do. do. Breast .. 2 . 1 Cryer of the Court .. 16 . 7 Thread Viz. ½ lb Brown Castle .. 3 . 4 1½ Coloured Secy. Office Govr. & Lt. Govr. Fishermen .. 3 . 8 .. 7 .. Earthen Ware Viz. 2 Large Cream Coloured Tea Pots .. 2 .. 2 do. Red do. .. 2 .. Castle .. 4 . Glass Ware Viz. 60 Wine Glasses 1 . 6 . 8 12 Beer do. .. 8 . 9 12 Tumblers .. 7 . 3 Quart Decanters .. 7 . 3 Candle Shades .. 14 . 4 1 Pint Decanter .. 1 . 8 Castle 3 . 5 . 5 Iron Ware Viz. 1 Pr. HL Hinges .. 3 . 3 1 Bra. Closet Lock .. 5 . 6 3 Pickaxes .. 10 3 Shod Shovels .. 5 . 3 8 Ash Helves .. 4 . 8 Church ½ lb Silver Solder Castle .. 3 . 1 7 Double Worm'd Gimblets .. 13 1 Pod Stock and Bitts 1 . 5 2 Hand Hatchets .. 3 . 5 1 Hand Saw .. 8 . 1 2 Figured Squares .. 2 . 6 36 Files .. 15 6 Claw Hammers .. 10 . 1 24 File Hafts .. 2 .. 6 Rag Stones .. 2 . 2 4 Joiners Rubstones .. 16 1 Whip Saw 2 . 6 . 10 Carpenters and Smiths Shop 1 Iron rim'd Lock with a Pullback Society .. 4 . 3 Iron Ware Carried Over £ 9 .. 1 Carried Over £ 150 . 7 . 8	The general charges continued from the total of £145 14s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £145 14s 8d Haberdashery Silk for the crier of the court and the Governor's fishermen, 21 skeins, £0 7s 10d Mohair thread, 4 skeins, £0 1s 8d Gilt coat buttons for the crier of the court, 3 dozen, £0 5s 0d Gilt breast buttons for the crier of the court, 2½ dozen, £0 2s 1d Total for haberdashery, £0 16s 7d Thread Brown thread for the Castle, ½ lb, £0 3s 4d Coloured thread for the secretary's office and the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen, 1½ lb, £0 3s 8d Total for thread, £0 7s 0d Earthenware for the Castle Large cream-coloured teapots, 2, £0 2s 0d Red teapots, 2, £0 2s 0d Total for earthenware, £0 4s 0d Glassware for the Castle Wine glasses, 60, £1 6s 8d Beer glasses, 12, £0 8s 9d Tumblers, 12, £0 7s 0d Quart decanters, 3, £0 7s 0d Candle shades, 3, £0 14s 4d Pint decanter, 1, £0 1s 8d Total for glassware, £3 5s 5d Ironware HL hinges for the church, 1 pair, £0 3s 3d Brass closet lock for the church, 1, £0 5s 6d Pickaxes for the church, 3, £0 10s 0d Shod shovels for the church, 3, £0 5s 3d Ash helves for the church, 3, £0 4s 3d Silver solder for the Castle, ½ lb, £0 3s 1d Gouges and gimlets for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 7, £0 13s 0d Brace and bits for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 1 set, £1 5s 0d Hand hatchets for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 2, £0 3s 5d Hand saw for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 1, £0 3s 1d Squares for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 2, £0 2s 6d Files for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 3 dozen, £0 15s 0d Claw hammers for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 6, £0 10s 1d File handles for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 24, £0 2s 0d Rag stones for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 6, £0 2s 2d Turners' rubstones for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 4, £0 16s 0d Whip saw for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 1, £2 6s 10d Iron-rimmed lock with a pull-back latch for the steward, 1, £0 4s 3d Ironware carried forward, £9 0s 1d Carried forward, £150 7s 8d Interpretations The crier of the court received silk and gilt buttons from the Company's stores, charged to general expenses. He was being fitted with a coat of office, since gilt buttons marked an official dress and not ordinary clothing. Dressing the court's officers in a livery gave the island's courts some of the outward dignity of courts in England and set the crier apart when he called the court to order. A whip saw was a long two-man saw used to cut logs lengthwise into planks, with one man above and one below in a saw pit. The island had to saw the balks and timber it imported into usable boards. A turner's rubstone was a fine sandstone used to sharpen the chisels and gouges of a wood-turner.
188	181	1775 Brought Over £ 150 . 7 . 8 Iron Ware brought Over £ 9 .. 1 26 Sheets Emery Paper .. 2 .. 4 lb Iron Wire .. 3 .. 1 Uphand Hammer .. 5 .. 3 Masons Hammers 1 .. 6 Smiths Shop 3 Steel Drivers .. 5 .. 2 Coopers Vices .. 1 . 2 5 Hammer Helves .. 1 . 11 Coopers Shop 10 . 18 . 8 Turners Ware Viz. 4 Hair Brooms Castle & Lt. Govr. House .. 11 . 9 6 Scrubg. Brushes do. and Church 1 .. 2 1 Table Brush .. 1 . 3 3 Shoe Brushes .. 1 . 11 Castle 6 Birch Brooms .. 2 . 6 12 Mops .. 15 Lt. Govr. House and Church 43 Hassocks 3 .. 2 Turks Head Brushes Church .. 11 2 Flaskets .. 6 . 10 6 Punch Ladles .. 3 . 5 Castle 2 Labourers Baskets Lt. Govr. House .. 2 .. 6 . 15 . 10 Tin Ware Viz. 2 Lamps .. 1 . 5 4 Quart Sauce pans .. 1 . 9 2 Pint do. .. .. 8 Castle 1 Watering Pot Church .. 3 . 7 .. 7 . 5 China Ware Viz. 18 Octagon Meat Dishes 1 . 17 . 6 48 do. do. Plates 1 . 4 .. 36 Half Pint Cups and Saucers .. 16 .. 24 Quart do. do. and do. .. 6 . 10 12 Sneakers .. 4 .. 8 Bowls .. 5 . 6 12 Baking Dishes .. 10 . 9 4 Guglets and Basons .. 11 . 2 1 Chamber Pot .. 2 .. Castle 6 . 4 . 9 Hats 1 Mans Fine Cryer of the Court .. 17 . 8 Carried Over £ 175 . 12 ..	The general charges continued from the total of £150 7s 8d brought forward, with ironware resumed from its own subtotal of £9 0s 1d. Ironware brought forward, £9 0s 1d Emery paper for the smith's shop, 26 sheets, £0 2s 0d Iron wire for the smith's shop, 4 lb, £0 3s 0d Uphand hammer for the smith's shop, 1, £0 5s 0d Masons' hammers for the smith's shop, 3, £1 0s 6d Steel drivers for the cooper's shop, 3, £0 5s 0d Coopers' vices for the cooper's shop, 2, £0 1s 2d Hammer helves for the cooper's shop, 5, £0 1s 11d Total for ironware, £10 18s 8d Turnery Hair brooms for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 4, £0 11s 9d Scrubbing brushes for the Castle, the Lieutenant Governor's house and the church, 6, £1 0s 2d Table brush for the Castle, 1, £0 1s 3d Shoe brushes for the Castle, 3, £0 1s 11d Birch brooms for the Castle, the Lieutenant Governor's house and the church, 6, £0 2s 6d Mops for the Castle, the Lieutenant Governor's house and the church, 12, £0 15s 0d Hassocks for the church, 43, £3 0s 0d Turk's-head brushes for the church, 2, £0 11s 0d Flaskets for the Castle, 2, £0 6s 10d Punch ladles for the Castle, 6, £0 3s 5d Labourers' baskets for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 2, £0 2s 0d Total for turnery, £6 15s 10d Tinware Lamps for the Castle, 2, £0 1s 5d Quart saucepans for the Castle, 4, £0 1s 4d Pint saucepans for the Castle, 2, £0 0s 8d Watering pot for the church, 1, £0 3s 7d Total for tinware, £0 7s 5d China for the Castle Octagonal meat dishes, 18, £1 17s 6d Octagonal plates, 43, £1 4s 0d Half-pint cups and saucers, 36, £0 16s 0d Quart cups and saucers, 24, £0 6s 10d Sneakers, 12, £0 4s 0d Bowls, 8, £0 5s 6d Baking dishes, 12, £0 10s 9d Guglets and basins, 4 sets, £0 11s 2d Chamber pot, 1, £0 9s 0d Total for china, £6 4s 9d Man's fine hat for the crier of the court, 1, £0 17s 8d Carried forward, £175 12s 0d Interpretations The 43 hassocks were cushions for kneeling at prayer, bought for the church in a single order. Together with the scrubbing brushes, mops, watering pot, paint and deals issued to the church this quarter, they point to a general refitting of the building. A Turk's-head brush was a round brush on a long pole, used to sweep cobwebs from high ceilings and corners. The fine hat for the crier of the court completed the coat of office begun with the gilt buttons. The Company now dressed its court crier at its own cost, so that he appeared in proper livery when he opened the island's courts.
189	182	17th July Brought Over £ 175 . 12 . Serge 7½ Yards Blue Cryer of the Court 1 . 13 . 2 Buckram 1 Yard do. .. 1 . 1 Shaloon 4 Yards Coloured do. .. 7 . 4 Iron Pots 2 Weight 34 lb Castle .. 6 . 5 Braziers Ware 2 Pr. Steel Snuffers Castle .. 9 . 6 Long Cloth Viz. 3½ Ps. No. 4 7 . 17 . 5 3 do. 5 4 . 11 . Castle ½ do. 6 Cryer of the Court .. 4 . 12 . 12 . 5 Pitch and Tar 6 lb Rosin .. 1 . 2 Bunting 8½ Yds. Blue .. 4 . 10 Ticking Viz. 14½ Yds. Ticking 1 . 3 . 11 10 do. Checked Linen .. 10 Castle 1 . 13 . 11 Twine ½ Cotton Wick Castle .. 1 . 2 Iron 61 lb Crane .. 10 . 2 Blocks Viz. 2 Double of 8 Inches .. 3 . 5 1 Single of 8 do. .. 1 . 4 Crane .. 4 . 9 £ 193 . 17 . 11 Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1 April to the 30 June 1775. Deals Viz. 6 Single .. 12 . 4 Double .. 13 . 5 Castle and Lt. Govr. House ½ Pr. Oak Plank Plantation House 1 . 12 . 10 2 . 18 . 3 Nails Viz. 2 .. 6 .. 1 . 1 2 .. 10 .. .. 11 1 Glazg. Brads .. .. 11 Lt. Govr. House .. 2 . 11 Lead Viz. 51 Sheet .. 9 . 7 20 Pig .. 3 . 4 do. .. 12 . 11 Carried Over £ 3 . 14 . 1	The general charges continued from the total of £175 12s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £175 12s 0d Blue serge for the crier of the court, 7½ yards, £1 13s 2d Buckram for the crier of the court, 1 yard, £0 1s 1d Coloured shalloon for the crier of the court, 4 yards, £0 7s 4d Iron pots for the Castle, 2, weighing 34 lb, £0 6s 5d Brass and copper ware, steel snuffers for the Castle, 2 pairs, £0 9s 6d Longcloth Longcloth number 4 for the Castle, 3 pieces, £7 17s 5d Longcloth number 5 for the Castle, 3 pieces, £4 11s 0d Longcloth number 6 for the crier of the court, ½ piece, £0 4s 0d Total for longcloth, £12 12s 5d Rosin, 6 lb, £0 1s 2d Blue bunting, 8½ yards, £0 4s 10d Ticking Ticking for the Castle, 14½ yards, £1 3s 11d Checked linen for the Castle, 10 yards, £0 10s 0d Total for ticking, £1 13s 11d Cotton wick for the Castle, ½ lb, £0 1s 2d Iron for the crane, 61 lb, £0 10s 2d Blocks for the crane Double blocks of 8 inches, 2, £0 3s 5d Single block of 8 inches, 1, £0 1s 4d Total for blocks, £0 4s 9d Total general charges, £193 17s 11d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 April and 30 June 1775, to the repairs account. Repairs, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Deals Single deals for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 6, £0 12s 0d Double deals for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 4, £0 13s 5d Oak plank for Plantation House, ½ piece, £1 12s 10d Total for deals, £2 18s 3d Nails for the Lieutenant Governor's house Six-penny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 1d Ten-penny nails, 2 lb, £0 0s 11d Glazing brads, 1 lb, £0 0s 11d Total for nails, £0 2s 11d Lead for the Lieutenant Governor's house Sheet lead, 51 lb, £0 9s 7d Pig lead, 20 lb, £0 3s 4d Total for lead, £0 12s 11d Carried forward, £3 14s 1d Interpretations General charges rose from £102 9s 8d in the first quarter of 1775 to £193 17s 11d in the second. The candles alone added about £26 0s 0d, and the rest came from fitting out the Castle with china, glass, linen and ticking, refitting the church and dressing the crier of the court. Ticking was a strong, closely woven cotton or linen used to cover mattresses and pillows. Together with the checked linen and longcloth, it suggests that the Castle's beds and household linen were renewed that quarter.
190	183	1775 Brought Over £ 3 . 14 . 1 Iron Ware Viz. 2 Blank Keys Plant. House .. 1 . 10 1 Pr. HL Hinges Company's Houses .. 3 4 Pr. H do. Lieu. Govr. House .. 3 . 8 1 Pr. Dovetail do. Castle .. .. 7 1 Doz. Wood Screws .. .. 11 1 Stock Lock .. 3 . 2 Lieut. Govr. House .. 13 . 2 Glass Ware Viz. 16 Squares 6 by 8 .. 4 . 4 20 do. 10 by 12 .. 17 . 6 3 do. 12 by 14 .. 4 .. 6 do. 12 by 20 .. 10 . 5 Castle Lt. Govr. House and Officers Barracks 1 . 16 . 3 Paint Viz. 6 lb Blue Paint .. 12 . 4 9 Verdigrease 2 .. 11 14 White Lead mix'd .. 5 .. 41 Whiting .. .. 11 4 Chalk .. .. 2 Castle 2 . 19 . 4 Oil Viz. 3 Gallons Linseed C. & Officers Barracks .. 12 . 5 ⅛ do. Turpentine Castle .. 1 . 9 .. 14 . 2 Turners Ware Viz. 2 Plaistr. Brushes .. 3 . 7 2 Wood Bowls .. 2 . 3 2 Platters .. 2 . 3 Workmen employed at Plantation House .. 8 . 1 Tin Ware 1 Lamp do. .. .. 9 £ 10 . 5 . 10 Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 April to the 30 June 1775. Flour c q lb 14 . 1 . 23 15 . 3 . 7 Arrack 98 Gallons 20 . 8 . 4 Beef and Pork Viz. 31 Ps. Beef 5 . 15 .. 31 Ps. Pork 5 . 18 . 2 11 . 13 . 2 Carried Over £ 47 . 5 . 1	The repairs account continued from the total of £3 14s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £3 14s 1d Ironware Blank keys for Plantation House, 2, £0 1s 10d HL hinges for the Company's houses, 1 pair, £0 3s 0d H hinges for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 4 pairs, £0 3s 8d Dovetail hinges for the Castle, 1 pair, £0 0s 7d Wood screws for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 1 dozen, £0 0s 11d Stock lock for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 1, £0 3s 2d Total for ironware, £0 13s 2d Glassware for the Castle, the Lieutenant Governor's house and the officers' barracks Window panes 6 by 8 inches, 16, £0 4s 4d Window panes 10 by 12 inches, 20, £0 17s 6d Window panes 12 by 14 inches, 3, £0 4s 0d Window panes 12 by 20 inches, 6, £0 10s 5d Total for glassware, £1 16s 3d Paint for the Castle Blue paint, 6 lb, £0 12s 4d Verdigris, 9 lb, £2 0s 11d White lead ground in oil, 14 lb, £0 5s 0d Whiting, 41 lb, £0 0s 11d Chalk, 4 lb, £0 0s 2d Total for paint, £2 19s 4d Oil Linseed oil for the Castle and the officers' barracks, 3 gallons, £0 12s 5d Turpentine for the Castle, ½ gallon, £0 1s 9d Total for oil, £0 14s 2d Turnery for the workmen employed at Plantation House Plasterers' brushes, 2, £0 3s 7d Wooden bowls, 2, £0 2s 3d Platters, 2, £0 2s 3d Total for turnery, £0 8s 1d Tinware, lamp for the workmen at Plantation House, 1, £0 0s 9d Total repairs, £10 5s 10d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 April and 30 June 1775, to the diet expenses account. Diet expenses, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Flour, 14 cwt 1 qr 23 lb, £15 3s 7d Arrack, 93 gallons, £20 8s 4d Beef and pork Beef, 31 pieces, £5 15s 0d Pork, 31 pieces, £5 18s 2d Total for beef and pork, £11 13s 2d Carried forward, £47 5s 1d Interpretations The Castle table used 93 gallons of arrack this quarter, up from 76 gallons in the first quarter of 1775. April and May 1775 brought a run of ships, including the Resolution with Captain Cook, whom the Governor had to entertain along with the commanders and leading passengers of each Company ship. The extra spirit reflected the hospitality expected of the Castle during the busiest weeks of the shipping season. The Castle walls were painted with nine pounds of verdigris and blue paint, giving a green or blue finish. The bowls and platters issued to the workmen at Plantation House were for their meals on site, since the house stood in the country well away from the town.
191	184	17th July Brought Over £ 47 . 5 . 1 Salt 1½ Bushel .. 5 . Sugar and Candy Viz. c q lb 2 . 1 . 25 Sugar 3 . 11 . 10 2 . 1 . 2 Candy 4 . 17 . 8 . 8 . 10 Rice c q lb 4 . 1 . 8 1 . 17 . 1 Pepper 1 .. .. 6 Tea 3 Singlo .. 3 . 3 Oil 6 Bottles Florence .. 15 . 8 Wine Viz. 59 Gallons Port 18 . 10 24 Doz. Claret 64 . 15 . 2 83 . 5 . 2 £ 142 . 1 . 1 Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 April to the 30 June. Tea 119 lb Bohea Barracks & Guards 4 .. 5 Oil 141 Gallons Train do. and do. 28 . 18 . 8 Candles c q lb .. 1 . 26 Officers on Guard 7 . 13 . Flour c q lb 1 .. 23 1 . 3 . 5 Arrack 17 Gallons, Musick Drums 3 . 10 . 10 Beef and Pork Viz. 223 Ps. Beef 41 . 7 515 Ps. Pork (Deficiency in Weight) 98 . 3 . 5 139 . 10 . 5 Blankets 191 53 . 13 . 4 Soldiers Cloaths Viz. 24 Sergeants Coats and Breeches 125 . 8 24 Corporals do. and do. 36 . 19 . 11 17 Drummers do. and do. 58 .. 3 6 Bombardiers do. and do. 17 . 17 .. 4 Artillery Corpl. do. and do. 8 . 16 . 8 85 Matrosses do. and do. 180 . 12 . 6 359 Soldiers do. and do. 578 . 16 . 7 9 Gunners do. and do. 20 . 16 . 3 6 Artillery Sergeants and do. 30 . 7 . 6 1 Marshals do. and do. 2 . 11 . 9 Carried Over £ 1548 . 19 . 6	The diet expenses continued from the total of £47 5s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £47 5s 1d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 5s 0d Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 2 cwt 1 qr 25 lb, £3 11s 10d Sugar candy, 2 cwt 1 qr 2 lb, £4 17s 0d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £8 8s 10d Rice, 4 cwt 1 qr 8 lb, £1 17s 1d Pepper, 1 lb, £0 0s 6d Singlo tea, 3 lb, £0 3s 3d Florence oil, 6 bottles, £0 15s 8d Wine Port wine, 59 gallons, £18 10s 0d Claret, 24 dozen bottles, £64 15s 2d Total for wine, £83 5s 2d Total diet expenses, £142 1s 1d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 April and 30 June 1775, to the garrison account. Garrison, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Bohea tea for the barracks and guards, 119 lb, £4 0s 5d Train oil for the barracks and guards, 141 gallons, £28 13s 8d Candles for officers on guard, 1 cwt 0 qr 26 lb, £7 13s 0d Flour, 1 cwt 0 qr 23 lb, £1 3s 5d Arrack for drams at muster, 17 gallons, £3 10s 10d Beef and pork Beef, 223 pieces, £41 7s 0d Pork, 515 pieces, to make up short weight, £98 3s 5d Total for beef and pork, £139 10s 5d Blankets, 191, £53 13s 4d Soldiers' clothing Sergeants' coats and breeches, 24 sets, £125 8s 0d Corporals' coats and breeches, 24 sets, £36 19s 11d Drummers' coats and breeches, 17 sets, £58 0s 3d Bombardiers' coats and breeches, 6 sets, £17 17s 0d Artillery corporals' coats and breeches, 4 sets, £8 16s 8d Matrosses' coats and breeches, 35 sets, £180 12s 6d Soldiers' coats and breeches, 359 sets, £578 16s 7d Gunners' coats and breeches, 9 sets, £20 16s 3d Artillery sergeants' coats and breeches, 6 sets, £30 7s 6d Marshal's coat and breeches, 1 set, £2 11s 9d Carried forward, £1,348 19s 6d Interpretations Diet expenses more than doubled against the first quarter of 1775, from £64 9s 4d to £142 1s 1d. The cause was wine. The Castle table drew 24 dozen bottles of claret and 59 gallons of port at a cost of £83 5s 2d, more than all the other diet stores combined. The issue probably came from the new season's wine landed by the ships from England, laid in for the year's entertaining, not drunk in a single quarter. The garrison received its yearly issue of uniforms this quarter, more than 480 sets of coats and breeches costing over £1,000 0s 0d. The issue covered every rank, from sergeants to drummers and matrosses, and the marshal received a suit as well. The clothing arrived from England with the season's ships and was given out at once. Charging it to the garrison account recorded the full cost of clothing the island's defence. The 191 blankets, issued as winter set in, served the same purpose against the cold, damp nights in the barracks and at the outposts.
192	185	1775 Brought Over £ 1248 . 19 . 6 Hats Viz. 31 Sergeants 18 . 9 . 3 502 Soldiers 72 .. 4 90 . 9 . 7 Shirts Viz. 30 Sergeants 10 . 7 . 8 522 Soldiers 115 . 16 . 4 126 . 4 Shoes 552 Pr. Ordinary 178 . 4 . 6 Hosiery 552 Pr. do. Thread Stockings 77 . 1 Iron Ware Viz. 1 Ash Helve .. .. 7 1 Blank Key .. .. 11 .. 1 . 6 Twine Viz. 3 Sk. Twine .. 1 . 9 ½ Cotton Wick .. 1 . 2 .. 2 . 11 Lines 1 lb Whip Cord .. 3 . 6 Glass Ware 1 Hour Glass .. .. 8 Deals Viz. 3 Double .. 10 . 1 12 Single 1 . 4 Cots and Coffins 1 . 14 . 1 Nails Viz. 9 .. 2 .. 6 . 5 9 .. 4 .. 5 . 3 do. and do. .. 11 . 8 Tin Ware Viz. 1 Horn Lanthorn Main Guard .. 3 . 11 4 Single Sheets Tin .. 1 . 2 .. 5 . 1 Turners Ware 1 Hair Broom Main Guard Paint 3 Ven. Red mix'd for marking Blankets Thread Viz. 17 Coloured 2 . 10 3 White & Brown 1 . 13 . 1 for altering Cloaths 4 . 3 . 1 Haberdashery Viz. 3 Gro. Broad Worsted Lace 2 . 12 6 do. Narrow do. 3 . 12 do. 6 . 4 Long Ells 4 Yards Scarlet .. 11 . 5 Canvas 39 Yards English 1 . 19 . £ 1637 . 1 . 9	The garrison account continued from the total of £1,348 19s 6d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,348 19s 6d Hats Sergeants' hats, 31, £18 9s 3d Soldiers' hats, 502, £72 0s 4d Total for hats, £90 9s 7d Shirts Sergeants' shirts, 30, £10 7s 8d Soldiers' shirts, 599, £115 16s 4d Total for shirts, £126 4s 0d Ordinary shoes, 559 pairs, £178 4s 6d Thread stockings, 559 pairs, £77 1s 0d Ironware Ash helve, 1, £0 0s 7d Blank key, 1, £0 0s 11d Total for ironware, £0 1s 6d Twine Twine, 3 skeins, £0 1s 9d Cotton wick, ½ lb, £0 1s 2d Total for twine, £0 2s 11d Whipcord lines, ½ lb, £0 3s 6d Glassware, hourglass, 1, £0 0s 8d Deals for cots and coffins Double deals, 3, £0 10s 1d Single deals, 12, £1 4s 0d Total for deals, £1 14s 1d Nails for cots and coffins Two-penny nails, 9 lb, £0 6s 5d Four-penny nails, 9 lb, £0 5s 3d Total for nails, £0 11s 8d Tinware Horn lantern for the main guard, 1, £0 3s 11d Sheets of single tin, 4, £0 1s 2d Total for tinware, £0 5s 1d Turnery, hair broom for the main guard, 1, £0 2s 10d Venetian red ground in oil for marking blankets, 3 lb, £0 1s 6d Thread for altering clothes Coloured thread, 17 lb, £2 10s 0d Whited brown thread, 3 lb, £1 13s 1d Total for thread, £4 3s 1d Haberdashery Broad worsted lace, 3 gross, £2 12s 0d Narrow worsted lace, 6 gross, £3 12s 0d Total for haberdashery, £6 4s 0d Scarlet long ells, 4 yards, £0 11s 5d English canvas, 39 yards, £1 19s 0d Carried forward, £1,637 1s 9d Interpretations The yearly issue of clothing went on beyond the coats and breeches to hats, shirts, shoes and stockings for the whole garrison. The 559 pairs each of shoes and stockings matched the number of men on the strength. The thread charged for altering clothes shows that the uniforms arrived in standard sizes from England and had to be taken in or let out by the regimental tailors to fit each man. Blankets were marked with Venetian red paint so that each could be identified as Company property. A marked blanket could not easily be sold or pawned in the town without the theft being noticed, and the mark helped the quartermaster check that every blanket was returned when a soldier was discharged or died. The deals and nails charged for coffins point to the cost of burying soldiers who died in the quarter. The garrison provided coffins at the Company's expense, part of the same account that clothed and fed the living men. Long ells were a cheap, narrow worsted cloth, here in scarlet, probably used to repair the facings of the red coats.
193	186	17th July Blacks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 April to the 30 June. Rice 140 60 . 13 . 4 Beef and Pork Viz. 1023 Ps. Beef 189 . 17 . 3 1311 Ps. Pork 249 . 14 . 5 439 . 11 . 8 Arrack 144 Gallons 30 Oil 7½ Gallons Train 1 . 10 . 9 Sugar c q lb 2 . 3 . 15 4 . 4 . 8 Tea c q lb 1 .. 20 4 . 9 . 1 Salt ½ Bushel .. 1 . 8 Sope 16 lb .. 8 . Chelloes 64 Pieces 33 . 9 . 1 Shoes Viz. 52 Pr. Ordinary 12 . 1 . 7 4 do. Women Calimanco .. 15 . 4 1 do. do. Calf Leather Pumps .. 3 . 8 5 do. do. Spanish do. do. .. 19 . 2 13 . 19 . 9 Sago 30 lb .. 11 . 3 Kersey 1 Piece 2 . 1 . 11 Hooks and Lines Viz. 1 Whip Cord .. 3 . 6 1 Hambro Line .. 1 . 6 .. 5 . Long Cloth 15½ Ps. No. 6 18 . 12 Iron Pots weight 17 1 . 3 . 11 Iron Ware Viz. 1 Small Frying Pan .. 2 . 10 1 Stock Lock .. 3 . 2 .. 6 .. Tin Ware 1 Pint Saucepan .. 3 . 1 Thread Viz. 6½ White & Brown 2 . 3 2 Coloured .. 5 . 11 2 . 8 . 11 Haberdashery 12 Pieces Tape .. 7 . Carried Over £ 619 . 7 ..	The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 April and 30 June 1775, to the account for the Company's black slaves. Company's black slaves, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Rice, 140 cwt, £60 13s 4d Beef and pork Beef, 1,024 pieces, £189 17s 3d Pork, 1,311 pieces, £249 14s 5d Total for beef and pork, £439 11s 8d Arrack, 144 gallons, £30 0s 0d Train oil, 7½ gallons, £1 10s 9d Sugar, 2 cwt 3 qr 15 lb, £4 4s 8d Tea, 1 cwt 0 qr 20 lb, £4 9s 1d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 8d Soap, 6 lb, £0 3s 0d Chelloes, 60 pieces, £33 9s 1d Shoes Ordinary shoes, 52 pairs, £12 1s 7d Women's calimanco shoes, 4 pairs, £0 15s 4d Women's calf-leather pumps, 1 pair, £0 3s 8d Women's Spanish-leather pumps, 5 pairs, £0 19s 2d Total for shoes, £13 19s 9d Sago, 30 lb, £0 11s 3d Kersey, 1 piece, £2 1s 11d Hooks and lines Whipcord, 1 [...], £0 3s 6d Hamburg line, 1, £0 1s 6d Total for hooks and lines, £0 5s 0d Longcloth number 6, 15½ pieces, £18 12s 0d Iron pots weighing 17[...] lb, £1 3s 10d Ironware Small frying pan, 1, £0 2s 10d Stock lock, 1, £0 3s 2d Total for ironware, £0 6s 0d Tinware, pint saucepan, 1, £0 3s 1d Thread Whited brown thread, 6½ lb, £2 3s 0d Coloured thread, 2 lb, £0 5s 11d Total for thread, £2 8s 11d Haberdashery, tape, 12 pieces, £0 7s 0d Carried forward, £619 7s 0d Interpretations The slaves' account had already passed £619 0s 0d at this point, against £433 12s 10d for the whole of the first quarter of 1775. Rice made the biggest change. In the first quarter the slaves drew only 3 cwt of rice and lived largely on bran bread, but now they received 140 cwt. Bengal had landed fresh stocks from the Dutton, the Bute and the Pacific. The Company probably used up that rice before it spoiled in the island's damp winter, in place of bran made from its scarcer flour. Most of the clothing was issued as winter came on. The 60 pieces of chelloes and 15½ pieces of longcloth were enough to clothe much of the slave force, and the kersey gave them heavier woollen garments. Shoes for slave women appeared for the first time, among them calimanco shoes and Spanish-leather pumps. Those finer shoes probably went to women who worked as house servants at the Castle and Plantation House, where they would be seen by the Governor's guests.
194	187	1775 Brought Over £ 619 . 7 . Sailors Cloaths 149 Mens Jackets and Breeches 134 . 13 . 8 297 do. Check'd Shirts 49 . 10 . 149 do. Long Drawers 19 . 3 . 4 19 Boys Jackets and Breeches 8 .. 9 33 do. Checked Shirts 5 . 6 . 11 19 Pr. do. Long Drawers 1 . 2 . 10 169 Hats 14 . 1 . 6 275 . 4 . £ 894 . 11 .. Mallays Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 April to the 30 June 1775. Rice c q lb 2 . 3 . 4 Beef 16 Pieces Sugar and Candy Viz. 64 Sugar .. 16 . 11 21 Candy .. 8 . 1 1 . 5 . Arrack 13 Gallons 2 . 14 . 2 Flour 56 .. 9 . 4 Coffee 4 lb .. 3 . 4 Candles 20 lb 2 . 16 . 8 Salt ½ Bushel .. 1 . 8 Tea Viz. 2 Congo .. 2 . 3 4 Bohea .. 2 . 9 .. 5 . Oil 2 Bottles Florence .. 5 . 3 Sope 6 lb .. 3 . Shoes 2 Pr. Mens Fine .. 11 . Paint 1 Indico .. 1 . 9 Hooks and Lines Viz. 100 No. 6 Hooks .. 8 . 1 6 No. 2 Lines .. 1 . 8 .. 9 . 9 Haberdashery 2 Sk. Silk .. .. 9 £ 13 . 10 . 3	The account for the Company's black slaves continued from the total of £619 7s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £619 7s 0d Sailors' clothing Men's jackets and breeches, 149 sets, £134 13s 8d Men's checked shirts, 297, £49 16s 0d Men's long drawers, 149 pairs, £12 3s 4d Boys' jackets and breeches, 19 sets, £8 8s 9d Boys' checked shirts, 38, £5 6s 11d Boys' long drawers, 19 pairs, £1 2s 10d Hats, 169, £14 1s 6d Total for sailors' clothing, £225 13s 0d Total for the Company's black slaves, £894 11s 0d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 April and 30 June 1775, to the account for the Malays. Malays, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Rice, 2 cwt 3 qr 4 lb, no sum entered Beef, 16 pieces, no sum entered Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 64 lb, £0 16s 11d Sugar candy, 21 lb, £0 8s 1d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £1 5s 0d Arrack, 13 gallons, £2 14s 7d Flour, 56 lb, £0 9s 4d Coffee, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d Candles, 20 lb, £2 16s 8d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 8d Tea Congou tea, 2 lb, £0 2s 3d Bohea tea, 4 lb, £0 2s 9d Total for tea, £0 5s 0d Florence oil, 2 bottles, £0 5s 3d Soap, 6 lb, £0 3s 0d Men's fine shoes, 2 pairs, £0 11s 0d Indigo, 1 lb, £0 1s 9d Hooks and lines Fish hooks number 6, 100, £0 8s 1d Fishing lines number 2, 6, £0 1s 8d Total for hooks and lines, £0 9s 9d Silk, 2 skeins, £0 0s 9d Total for the Malays, £13 10s 3d Interpretations The Company dressed its slaves in sailors' clothing: jackets and breeches, checked shirts, long drawers and hats. This was cheap ready-made slop clothing, mass-produced in London for seamen and bought by the bale. It wore well and cost far less than cloth made up on the island. The issue was set at a fixed scale of one suit, two shirts, one pair of drawers and one hat for every man and boy. On that basis the Company held about 149 adult male slaves and 19 boys in the middle of 1775, with the women clothed from the chelloes and longcloth on the previous page. The Malays again drew goods that the other slaves did not receive, among them candles, coffee, congou tea, Florence oil and two pairs of men's fine shoes. Their account cost little in total but stood apart in its quality. It confirms the impression from the first quarter of 1775 that they were a small group of skilled or contracted men, not field labourers.
195	188	17th July Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 April to the 30 June. Rice and Paddy Viz. c q lb 5 . 1 . 2 Rice, Overseers and Stewards 2 . 5 . 8 46 . 3 . 4 Paddy Poultry and Horses 10 . 9 . 6 12 . 15 . 2 Wheat c q lb 1 . 3 . 8 Poultry 1 . 4 . 9 Beef 13 Pieces Steward 2 . 8 . 3 Iron Ware Viz. 7 Scythes 1 . 16 .. 46 Scythe Stones .. 10 . 7 21 Ash Helves .. 12 . 7 1 Garden Rake .. 2 . 4 1 Stock Lock .. 3 . 2 3 Pickaxes .. 10 2 Spring Rat Traps .. 3 . 2 Curry Combs and Brushes .. 3 . 10 4 Garden Hoes .. 7 . 4 Helves for do. .. 2 . 3 4 Sheets Emery Paper .. .. 4 6 Spades 1 . 2 . 6 5 . 13 . 7 Turners Ware Viz. 2 Flaskets .. 6 . 8 4 Labourers Baskets .. 4 4 Yokes for Oxen 2 . 14 . 1 13 Birch Brooms .. 5 . 5 8 Ox Bows .. 10 . 9 1 Tray .. 1 . 6 2 Skimming Dishes .. .. 8 4 . 3 . 1 Tin Ware 7 Watering Pots 1 . 5 . 1 Deals 1 Balk .. 9 . Oil 4 Gallons Train .. 16 . 5 Nails Viz. 2 .. 4 .. 1 . 2 10 .. 6 .. 5 . 3 8 .. 10 .. 3 . 8 Pasture Gates .. 10 . 1 Carried Over £ 29 . 5 . 5	The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 April and 30 June 1775, to the plantation account. Plantation, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Rice and paddy Rice for the overseers and the steward, 5 cwt 1 qr 2 lb, £2 5s 8d Paddy for the poultry and horses, 46 cwt 3 qr 4 lb, £10 9s 6d Total for rice and paddy, £12 15s 2d Wheat for the poultry, 1 cwt 3 qr 8 lb, £1 4s 9d Beef for the steward, 13 pieces, £2 8s 3d Ironware Scythes, 7, £1 16s 0d Scythe stones, 46, £0 10s 7d Ash helves, 21, £0 12s 7d Garden rake, 1, £0 2s 4d Stock lock, 1, £0 3s 2d Pickaxes, 3, £0 10s 0d Spring rat traps, 2, £0 3s 0d Curry combs and brushes, 2, £0 3s 10d Garden hoes, 4, £0 7s 0d Helves for the hoes, 4, £0 2s 3d Emery paper, 4 sheets, £0 0s 4d Spades, 6, £1 2s 6d Total for ironware, £5 13s 7d Turnery Flaskets, 2, £0 6s 8d Labourers' baskets, 4, £0 4s 0d Yokes for oxen, 4, £2 14s 1d Birch brooms, 13, £0 5s 5d Ox bows, 8, £0 10s 9d Tray, 1, £0 1s 6d Skimming dishes, 2, £0 0s 8d Total for turnery, £4 3s 1d Tinware, watering pots, 7, £1 5s 1d Deals, balk, 1, £0 9s 0d Train oil, 4 gallons, £0 16s 5d Nails for the pasture gates Four-penny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 2d Six-penny nails, 10 lb, £0 5s 3d Ten-penny nails, 8 lb, £0 3s 8d Total for nails, £0 10s 1d Carried forward, £29 5s 5d Interpretations The plantation took four new ox yokes and eight ox bows in one quarter. Together they could harness four teams of oxen. The new cart made in the first quarter of 1775 and the road to Longwood finished at the same time meant the Company could now haul produce and timber by ox team across the island's high ground. Before the road, much of that work had been done by slaves carrying loads on their backs. The seven scythes and 46 scythe stones were for cutting hay to feed the cattle and horses through the winter, when the grazing was poor. The two skimming dishes were shallow pans for lifting cream off milk, and they show that the Company was already making butter. Tippet's proposal of 10 July 1775 to build a new dairy at Plantation House fits with this.
196	189	1775 Brought Over £ 29 . 5 . 5 Pitch and Tar 4 Gallons Tar, Carts .. 3 . Cordage 71 1 . 2 . 3 Lines Viz. 4 No. 2 .. 1 . 2 6 .. 3 .. 2 .. 4 .. 4 .. 1 . 6 .. 4 . 8 Cutlery Ware Viz. 4 Butchers Knives .. 1 . 5 2 Shoe do. .. .. 10 .. 2 . 3 £ 30 . 17 . 9 Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 April to the 30 June 1775. Sugar c q lb 3 .. 26 4 . 14 . 10 Flour 3 .. 14 3 . 5 . 7 Rice 3 .. 14 1 . 7 . 1 Tea 36 Bohea 1 . 4 . 5 Oil 14 Gallons Train 2 . 17 . 5 Salt 4½ Bushels .. 14 . 7 Sago 6 lb .. 2 . 3 Tin Ware Viz. 1 Horn Lanthorn .. 3 . 11 2 Pint Sauce pans .. .. 8 8 Tin Lamps .. 5 . 6 .. 10 . 1 Turners Ware Viz. 4 Hair Brooms .. 11 . 9 4 Mops .. 5 .. 4 Wood Ladles .. 1 . 3 18 Wood Bowls 1 .. 3 18 Platters 1 .. 3 1 Labourers Baskets .. 1 .. 2 . 19 . 6 Carried Over £ 17 . 15 . 4	The plantation account continued from the total of £29 5s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £29 5s 5d Tar for the carts, 4 gallons, £0 3s 0d Cordage, 71 lb, £1 2s 3d Lines Fishing lines number 2, 4, £0 1s 2d Fishing lines number 3, 6, £0 2s 0d Fishing lines number 4, 4, £0 1s 6d Total for lines, £0 4s 8d Cutlery Butchers' knives, 4, £0 1s 5d Shoe knives, 2, £0 0s 10d Total for cutlery, £0 2s 3d Total for the plantation, £30 17s 9d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 April and 30 June 1775, to the hospital account. Hospital, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Sugar, 3 cwt 0 qr 26 lb, £4 14s 10d Flour, 3 cwt 0 qr 14 lb, £3 5s 7d Rice, 3 cwt 0 qr 14 lb, £1 7s 1d Bohea tea, 36 lb, £1 4s 5d Train oil, 14 gallons, £2 17s 5d Salt, 4½ bushels, £0 14s 7d Sago, 6 lb, £0 2s 3d Tinware Horn lantern, 1, £0 3s 11d Pint saucepans, 2, £0 0s 8d Tin lamps, 8, £0 5s 6d Total for tinware, £0 10s 1d Turnery Hair brooms, 4, £0 11s 9d Mops, 4, £0 5s 0d Wooden ladles, 4, £0 1s 3d Wooden bowls, 18, £1 0s 3d Platters, 13, £1 0s 3d Labourers' basket, 1, £0 1s 0d Total for turnery, £2 19s 6d Carried forward, £17 15s 4d Interpretations The plantation account nearly doubled against the first quarter of 1775, from £24 3s 4d to £30 17s 9d. The paddy fed to poultry and horses accounted for most of the rise, along with the new yokes, scythes and spades. The farm was being built up as the new Longwood road opened its pastures to cart traffic. The hospital's diet stayed the same as in the first quarter, with sugar, flour, rice, tea and sago and still no salt meat. What changed was its equipment. Eighteen wooden bowls, 13 platters, eight lamps, mops and brooms were issued in one quarter, which suggests the wards were being re-equipped. A week before this account was approved, on 10 July 1775, the Council also ordered a drain for the hospital yard, which shows it paying fresh attention to the hospital's condition.
197	190	17th July Brought Over £ 17 . 15 . 4 Iron Ware Viz. 1 Large Frying Pan .. 4 . 7 1 Hand Hatchet .. 1 . 9 1 Wood Axe .. 2 . 11 6 Ash Helves .. 3 . 6 .. 12 . 9 Iron Pots 3 Weight 46 lb .. 8 . 8 Twine 2 Skeans .. 1 . 2 Kersey 8 Yards .. 10 . 2 Bunting 2 Yards White .. 1 . 2 £ 19 . 9 . 3 Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 April to the 30 June 1775. Nails Viz. 11 .. 2 .. 7 . 10 13 .. 4 .. 7 . 7 14 .. 6 1 . 4 . 20 .. 10 .. 9 . 2 4 .. 20 .. 1 . 6 6 .. 30 .. 2 . 2 4 .. 40 .. 1 . 5 12 Spike .. 3 . 9 2 . 17 . 5 Deals Viz. 5 Double .. 16 . 9 6 Single .. 12 7 Elm Boards 1 . 16 . 2 2 Wainscot do. .. 6 3 . 10 . 11 Pitch and Tar Viz. 3 Barrels Pitch 3 .. 9 2 do. Tar 1 . 17 . 4 55 lb Rosin .. 10 . 4 5 . 8 . 5 Carried Over £ 11 . 15 . 9	The hospital account continued from the total of £17 15s 4d brought forward. Brought forward, £17 15s 4d Ironware Large frying pan, 1, £0 4s 7d Hand hatchet, 1, £0 1s 9d Wood axe, 1, £0 2s 11d Ash helves, 6, £0 3s 6d Total for ironware, £0 12s 9d Iron pots, 3, weighing 46 lb, £0 8s 8d Twine, 2 skeins, £0 1s 2d Kersey, 8 yards, £0 10s 2d White bunting, 2 yards, £0 1s 2d Total for the hospital, £19 9s 3d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 April and 30 June 1775, to the boats account. Boats, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Nails Two-penny nails, 11 lb, £0 7s 10d Four-penny nails, 13 lb, £0 7s 7d Six-penny nails, 14 lb, £1 4s 0d Ten-penny nails, 20 lb, £0 9s 2d Twenty-penny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 6d Thirty-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 2d Forty-penny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 5d Spikes, 12 lb, £0 3s 9d Total for nails, £2 17s 5d Deals Double deals, 5, £0 16s 2d Single deals, 6, £0 12s 0d Elm boards, 7, £1 16s 2d Wainscot boards, 2, £0 8s 0d Total for deals, £3 13s 11d Pitch and tar Pitch, 3 barrels, £3 0s 9d Tar, 2 barrels, £1 17s 4d Rosin, 55 lb, £0 10s 4d Total for pitch and tar, £5 8s 5d Carried forward, £11 19s 9d Interpretations The boats drew three barrels of pitch and two of tar in the quarter, against two barrels of pitch in the first quarter of 1775. Rosin was melted with pitch to make the hot mixture paid into the seams of the boats after caulking. The heavy issue matches the busy landing season of April and May 1775. The Company's longboat and lighters worked almost without a break in the swell of James Bay, and their seams opened faster than in quieter months. Elm boards were used for the bottoms and keels of boats, because elm stays sound when kept constantly wet.
198	191	1775 Brought Over £ 11 . 15 . 9 Oil Viz. 1 Gallon Linseed .. 4 . 2 7½ do. Train 1 . 10 . 10 ⅛ do. Turpentine .. 1 . 9 1 . 16 . 9 Cordage c q lb 10 . 3 . 7 18 . 4 . 3 Iron 1 . 1 . 27 1 . 6 . 7 Tin Ware Viz. 2 Double Sheets Tin .. 1 . 4 2 Single do. .. .. 8 .. 2 Leather 4 lb Sole .. 3 . 10 Anchors 1 Grapnail weight 78 1 . 4 . 5 Paint Viz. 18 Ven. Red dry .. 4 . 2 20 White Lead mix'd .. 7 . 1 6 Whiting .. .. 3 3 Chalk .. .. 2 2 Barrels Blacking .. 1 20 Brimstone .. 3 . 4 .. 16 . Iron Ware Viz. 13 Sail Needles .. .. 9 20 lb Rolled Iron .. 5 . 5 1 Pad Lock .. 1 . 6 .. 7 . 8 Lead 6 lb Sheet .. 1 . 2 Arrack 3 Gallons .. 12 . 6 Oars 12 2 . 8 . 6 Canvas 5 Ps. 10 English 9 . 7 . 7 Lines 2 Log .. 1 . 11 Turners Ware Viz. 2 Paint Brushes .. 1 .. 2 Birch Brooms .. .. 10 .. 1 . 10 £ 48 . 13 . 11	The boats account continued from the total of £11 18s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £11 18s 9d Oil Linseed oil, 1 gallon, £0 4s 2d Train oil, 7½ gallons, £1 10s 10d Turpentine, ⅓ gallon, £0 1s 9d Total for oil, £1 16s 9d Cordage, 10 cwt 3 qr 7 lb, £18 4s 3d Iron, 1 cwt 1 qr 27 lb, £1 6s 7d Tinware Sheets of double tin, 2, £0 1s 4d Sheets of single tin, 2, £0 0s 8d Total for tinware, £0 2s 0d Sole leather, 4 lb, £0 3s 10d Grapnel weighing 75 lb, 1, £1 4s 5d Paint Venetian red dry, 18 lb, £0 4s 2d White lead ground in oil, 20 lb, £0 7s 1d Whiting, 6 lb, £0 0s 3d Chalk, 3 lb, £0 0s 2d Blacking balls, 2, £0 1s 0d Brimstone, 26 lb, £0 3s 4d Total for paint, £0 16s 0d Ironware Sail needles, 13, £0 0s 9d Rod iron, 20 lb, £0 5s 5d Padlock, 1, £0 1s 6d Total for ironware, £0 7s 8d Sheet lead, 6 lb, £0 1s 2d Arrack, 3 gallons, £0 12s 6d Oars, 12, £2 8s 6d English canvas, 5 pieces, £9 7s 9d Log lines, 2, £0 1s 11d Turnery Paint brushes, 2, £0 1s 0d Birch brooms, 2, £0 0s 10d Total for turnery, £0 1s 10d Total for the boats, £48 13s 11d Interpretations The boats cost £48 13s 11d this quarter, more than twice the £23 7s 5d spent in the first quarter of 1775. Most of the increase came from three items: more than half a ton of cordage, five pieces of canvas and twelve new oars. Together they point to a full refit of the Company's boats after the busy landing season, with new rigging, new sails and the worn oars replaced. A grapnel was a small anchor with four or five hooked arms, used to moor a boat on the rocky bottom of James Bay, where a flat-fluked anchor could not grip.
199	192	17th July Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 April to the 30 June 1775. Cordage 6 lb for Draw Bridge .. 1 . 11 Candles 4 lb mending Lime Bags .. 11 . 4 Iron c q lb 7 . 2 . 16 New Store Room & Castle 6 . 15 . 5 Twine 110 Skanes mending Lime Bags 3 . 4 . 2 Iron Ware Viz. 2 Mauls Lime Kiln .. 19 12 Plate Iron Castle .. 4 . 2 12 Sail Needles mendg. Lime Bags .. .. 9 1 Pad Lock .. 1 . 6 2 Blank Keys .. 1 . 10 1 Iron rim'd Lock St. Bitted do. 1 . 2 . 5 Magazine 2 Large Iron rim'd Locks with Pullbacks Store .. 14 . 4 2 Pr. Sheep Sheers Artillery .. 3 . 3 . 7 . Turners Ware 12 Birch Brooms do. .. 5 . Thread 1 lb Coloured do. .. 3 . Lines Viz. 2 Hambro .. 2 . 11 6 No. 2 .. 1 . 8 Artillery .. 4 . 7 Canvas 5 Yards English Artillery .. 5 . Oil Viz. 1½ Gallons Train Lime Kilns .. 6 . 2 6 do. Linseed Gun Carriages 1 . 4 . 9 1 Bottle Florence Artillery .. 2 . 8 1 . 13 . 7 Deals Viz. 12 Balks New Store Rooms 5 . 8 2 Cuffees Target .. 7 . 5 4 Single Deals .. 8 . 2 Pr. Riga Timber New Store Room 4 . 18 . 4 ½ Pr. Oak Plank Landing Place 1 . 12 . 10 12 . 14 . 7 Paint Viz. 60 White Lead mix'd 1 . 1 . 3 6 Vermillion 1 . 13 . 3 8 Red Lead .. 1 . 6 6 Ven. Red mix'd .. 2 . 11 2 Whiting .. .. 1 10 Barrels Blacking .. 4 . 10 Gun Carriages 3 . 3 . 10 Carried Over £ 32 . 9 . 5	The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 April and 30 June 1775, to the fortifications account. Fortifications, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Cordage for the drawbridge, 6 lb, £0 1s 11d Candles for mending lime bags, 4 lb, £0 11s 4d Iron for the new storeroom and the Castle, 7 cwt 2 qr 16 lb, £6 15s 5d Twine for mending lime bags, 110 skeins, £3 4s 2d Ironware Mauls for the lime kiln, 2, £0 19s 0d Plate iron for the Castle, 12 lb, £0 4s 2d Sail needles for mending lime bags, 12, £0 0s 9d Padlock, 1, £0 1s 6d Blank keys for the magazine, 2, £0 1s 10d Iron-rimmed lock and bolt for the magazine, 1, £1 2s 5d Large iron-rimmed locks with pull-back latches for the stores, 2, £0 14s 4d Sheep shears for the artillery, 2 pairs, £0 3s 0d Total for ironware, £3 7s 0d Turnery, birch brooms for the artillery, 12, £0 5s 0d Coloured thread for the artillery, 1 lb, £0 3s 0d Lines for the artillery Hamburg lines, 2, £0 2s 11d Fishing lines number 2, 6, £0 1s 8d Total for lines, £0 4s 7d English canvas for the artillery, 5 yards, £0 5s 0d Oil Train oil for the lime kiln, 1½ gallons, £0 6s 9d Linseed oil for the gun carriages, 6 gallons, £1 4s 9d Florence oil for the artillery, 1 bottle, £0 2s 8d Total for oil, £1 13s 7d Deals Balks for the new storeroom, 12, £5 8s 0d [...] for the target, 2, £0 7s 5d Single deals, 4, £0 8s 0d Riga timber for the new storeroom, 2 pieces, £4 18s 4d Oak plank for the landing place, ½ piece, £1 12s 10d Total for deals, £12 14s 7d Paint for the gun carriages White lead ground in oil, 60 lb, £1 1s 3d Vermilion, 6 lb, £1 13s 3d Red lead, 3 lb, £0 1s 6d Venetian red ground in oil, 6 lb, £0 2s 11d Whiting, 2 lb, £0 0s 1d Blacking balls, 10, £0 4s 10d Total for paint, £3 3s 10d Carried forward, £32 9s 5d Interpretations Most of the quarter's timber and iron went into the large new storeroom, which James Tippet reported finished on 10 July 1775. Twelve balks and two pieces of Riga timber gave it its beams and roof. The magazine received a new lock and bolt, and the stores two large locks, which shows that the Council was securing both its powder and its goods. The gun carriages were painted with vermilion, red lead and Venetian red over a white lead ground. Red was the usual colour for wooden gun carriages in British service. Paint sealed the wood against the rot that set in quickly when carriages stood out in the open at the island's batteries through the damp winter months. The sheep shears issued to the artillery were probably used to cut sheepskins to size for covering the gun sponges.
200	193	1775 Brought Over £ 32 . 9 . 5 Lead 40 lb Pig Landing Place .. 6 . 8 Glass Ware 8 Squares 6 by 8 Barracks .. 2 . 2 Nails Viz. 25 .. 4 .. 14 . 7 35 .. 6 .. 18 . 3 4 .. 10 .. 1 . 10 14 .. 20 .. 5 . 3 4 .. 30 .. 1 . 5 20 .. 40 .. 7 . 1 40 Spike .. 12 . 6 New Store Room 3 .. 11 £ 35 . 19 . 2 New Houses Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 April to the 30 June 1775. Deals Viz. 242 Double 40 . 11 . 9 155 Single 15 . 10 52 Balk 18 . 18 30 Cuffees 5 . 10 . 8 14 Pr. Riga Timber 34 . 8 . 1 1½ Pr. Oak Plank 4 . 18 . 6 119 . 17 . Iron c q lb 4 . 2 . 26 4 . 3 . 7 Cordage 1 . 5 .. 10 . 2 Nails Viz. 14 .. 3 .. 9 . 7 10 .. 4 .. 5 . 10 32 .. 6 .. 16 . 8 44 .. 10 1 .. 2 3 .. 30 .. 1 . 1 16 Glazg. Brads .. 13 . 8 3 . 7 .. Lines Viz. 3 No. 2 .. .. 10 36 .. 4 .. 13 . 4 .. 14 . 2 Carried Over £ 128 . 11 . 11	The fortifications account continued from the total of £32 9s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £32 9s 5d Pig lead for the landing place, 40 lb, £0 6s 8d Window panes 6 by 8 inches for the barracks, 8, £0 2s 2d Nails for the new storeroom Four-penny nails, 25 lb, £0 14s 7d Six-penny nails, 35 lb, £0 18s 3d Ten-penny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 10d Twenty-penny nails, 14 lb, £0 5s 3d Thirty-penny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 5d Forty-penny nails, 20 lb, £0 7s 1d Spikes, 40 lb, £0 12s 6d Total for nails, £3 0s 11d Total for fortifications, £35 19s 2d The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 April and 30 June 1775, to the account for the new houses. New houses, 1 April to 30 June 1775 Deals Double deals, 242, £40 11s 9d Single deals, 155, £15 10s 0d Balks, 52, £18 18s 0d [...], 30, £5 10s 8d Riga timber, 14 pieces, £34 3s 1d Oak plank, 1½ pieces, £4 13s 6d Total for deals, £119 7s 0d Iron, 4 cwt 2 qr 20 lb, £4 3s 7d Cordage, 0 cwt 1 qr 5 lb, £0 10s 2d Nails Three-penny nails, 14 lb, £0 9s 7d Four-penny nails, 10 lb, £0 5s 10d Six-penny nails, 32 lb, £0 16s 8d Ten-penny nails, 44 lb, £1 0s 2d Thirty-penny nails, 3 lb, £0 1s 1d Glazing brads, 16 lb, £0 13s 8d Total for nails, £3 7s 0d Lines Fishing lines number 2, 3, £0 0s 10d Fishing lines number 4, 36, £0 13s 4d Total for lines, £0 14s 2d Carried forward, £128 11s 11d Interpretations Timber for the new houses cost £119 7s 0d this quarter, almost six times the £20 0s 4d spent in the first quarter of 1775. Most of it went on 242 double deals, 155 single deals, 52 balks and 14 pieces of Riga timber. The masonry walls had gone up during the first quarter. Now the floors, roofs, partitions and staircases were being framed and boarded, the stage of building that used the most wood. The 16 lb of glazing brads show the windows being fitted as well. The pace explains why the Council felt able, on 26 June 1775, to name the officials who would move in once the houses were finished. Builders used the fishing lines as chalk lines and plumb lines, stretching them to mark straight courses for the masonry and to set walls upright.
201	194	17th July Brought Over £ 128 . 11 . 11 Oil Viz. 2 Gallons Linseed .. 8 . 3 3½ do. Train .. 14 . 5 1 . 2 . 8 Iron Ware Viz. 130 Ash Helves 3 . 15 . 10 1 Large Iron rim'd Lock w. Pullback .. 7 . 2 6 Two Feet Rules .. 1 . 1 Maul .. 9 . 6 3 Masons Hammers 1 .. 6 35 Hammer Helves .. 13 . 2 1 Plaistr. Trowels .. 1 . 9 6 . 8 . 11 Turners Ware Viz. 16 Labourers Baskets .. 16 6 Paint Brushes .. 2 . 11 2 Plaistr. do. .. 3 . 7 1 . 2 . 6 Paint Viz. 2 lb Blue Black .. 1 . 10 12 Chalk .. .. 6 10 White Lead mix'd .. 3 . 7 .. 5 . 11 Tin Ware 2 Watering Pots .. 7 . 2 £ 137 . 19 . 1 St. Helena 30 June 1775 Errors Excepted Jonn. Doveton Store Keeper	The account for the new houses continued from the total of £128 11s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £128 11s 11d Oil Linseed oil, 2 gallons, £0 8s 3d Train oil, 3½ gallons, £0 14s 5d Total for oil, £1 2s 8d Ironware Ash helves, 130, £3 15s 10d Large iron-rimmed lock with a pull-back latch, 1, £0 7s 2d Two-foot rules, 6, £0 1s 0d Maul, 1, £0 9s 6d Masons' hammers, 3, £1 0s 6d Hammer helves, 35, £0 13s 2d Plasterer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 9d Total for ironware, £6 8s 11d Turnery Labourers' baskets, 16, £0 16s 0d Paint brushes, 6, £0 2s 11d Plasterers' brushes, 2, £0 3s 7d Total for turnery, £1 2s 6d Paint Blue black, 2 lb, £0 1s 10d Chalk, 12 lb, £0 0s 6d White lead ground in oil, 10 lb, £0 3s 7d Total for paint, £0 5s 11d Tinware, watering pots, 2, £0 7s 2d Total for the new houses, £137 19s 1d Jonathan Doveton signed the collection as storekeeper at St Helena on 30 June 1775, subject to correction of any errors. Interpretations The new houses drew 130 ash helves and 35 hammer helves in a single quarter. A helve was the wooden handle of an axe, pick or hammer. On St Helena's hard volcanic rock, tools struck stone all day and their handles split quickly. Replacing the handle was far cheaper than replacing the tool, so the Company bought spare helves by the hundred. The plasterer's trowel, plasterers' brushes and paint show that the first rooms were being plastered and finished inside, while the joinery went on elsewhere in the buildings.
202	195	1775 List of the Honorable Company's Officers and Servants upon the Island of St. Helena with their several Salary's Diet Money &c. for the Quarter ending the 30 June 1775. John Skottowe Esqr. Governor 150 .. do. Allowance for Servants 31 . 14 . 9 181 . 14 . 9 Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor 62 . 10 do. Diet Money 25 87 . 10 Matthew Bazett Esqr. of Council 22 . 10 do. Accountant 27 . 10 do. Diet Money 15 .. 65 William Wrangham Esqr. of Council 10 .. do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 . 10 do. Assist. to the Governor 10 do. Paymaster 27 . 10 65 .. Robartes Carr Chaplain 55 Jonathan Doveton Storekeeper 27 . 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 . 10 45 Britannicus Alexd. Wright Secretary 27 . 10 do. Diet Money 15 42 . 10 James Tippet Engineer 50 . John Goodwin Factor 12 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 do. Collector of the Customs 12 . 10 .. 37 . 10 James Desfountain Factor 12 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 . 10 do. Assistant Storekeeper 5 30 . Carried Over £ 659 . 4 . 9	The Company's officers and servants on St Helena drew the following salaries, diet money and allowances for the quarter ending 30 June 1775. List of the Company's officers and servants and their pay, quarter ending 30 June 1775 John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d Total for John Skottowe, £181 14s 9d Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d Total for Daniel Corneille, £87 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, member of Council, salary, £22 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, accountant, £27 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for Matthew Bazett, £65 0s 0d William Wrangham, member of Council, salary, £10 0s 0d William Wrangham, diet money, £15 0s 0d William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d William Wrangham, assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d William Wrangham, paymaster, £27 10s 0d Total for William Wrangham, £65 0s 0d Robartes Carr, chaplain, £55 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £15 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Jonathan Doveton, £45 0s 0d Britannicus Alexander Wright, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d Britannicus Alexander Wright, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for Britannicus Alexander Wright, £42 10s 0d James Tippet, engineer, £50 0s 0d John Goodwin, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d John Goodwin, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Goodwin, house rent, £2 10s 0d John Goodwin, collector of customs, £12 10s 0d Total for John Goodwin, £37 10s 0d James Desfountain, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d James Desfountain, assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d Total for James Desfountain, £30 0s 0d Carried forward, £659 4s 9d Interpretations James Tippet drew his full £50 0s 0d as engineer this quarter, against £32 17s 6d in the first quarter of 1775. The difference was the month's pay stopped during his suspension from 13 January to 13 February 1775. His restoration on 13 February 1775 left no lasting mark on his pay. Britannicus Wright no longer drew the £2 10s 0d house rent he had received in the first quarter of 1775. An official was paid rent only while he lodged at his own expense. Wright had probably moved into Company quarters during the quarter, so the allowance stopped.
203	196	17th July Brought Over £ 659 . 4 . 9 William Webber Doveton Factor 12 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 25 .. Robert Leech Writer 7 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 do. Clerk of the Works 6 . 16 . 10½ 26 . 16 . 10½ John Doveton Writer 7 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 20 .. Nathaniel Kennedy Writer 7 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 20 . John Congreve Judge Advocate 12 . 10 do. Schoolmaster 7 . 10 do. House Rent 2 . 10 22 . 10 Thomas Stroud Surgeon 19 . 15 do. Diet Money 10 . do. House Rent 2 . 10 32 . 5 Thomas Statham Assist. Surgeon to 12 June 21 . 8 . 11 David Kay do. from the 13 do. 5 . 15 . 1 Philip Mahoney Clk. of the Peace 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 36 . 14 . 4½ John Young Steward 7 . 10 do. Overseeing the Bake House 3 .. 10 . 10 . Carried Over £ 880 . 15 . 1	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £659 4s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £659 4s 9d William Webber Doveton, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d William Webber Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d William Webber Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Webber Doveton, £25 0s 0d Robert Leech, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d Robert Leech, diet money, £10 0s 0d Robert Leech, house rent, £2 10s 0d Robert Leech, clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d Total for Robert Leech, £26 16s 10½d John Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d John Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Doveton, £20 0s 0d Nathaniel Kennedy, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d Nathaniel Kennedy, diet money, £10 0s 0d Nathaniel Kennedy, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Nathaniel Kennedy, £20 0s 0d John Congreve, judge advocate, salary, £12 10s 0d John Congreve, schoolmaster, £7 10s 0d John Congreve, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Congreve, £22 10s 0d Thomas Stroud, surgeon, salary, £19 15s 0d Thomas Stroud, diet money, £10 0s 0d Thomas Stroud, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Stroud, £32 5s 0d Thomas Statham, assistant surgeon, to 12 June 1775, £21 8s 11d David Kay, assistant surgeon, from 13 June 1775, £5 15s 1d Philip Mahoney, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 7s 6d Philip Mahoney, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Philip Mahoney, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Philip Mahoney, £36 14s 4½d John Young, steward, £7 10s 0d John Young, overseeing the bakehouse, £3 0s 0d Total for John Young, £10 10s 0d Carried forward, £880 15s 1d Interpretations Thomas Statham gave up the post of assistant surgeon on 12 June 1775, and David Kay took it over the next day. Statham was an army lieutenant who had filled the medical post since November 1774. The change came the day after the Hampshire arrived with the Court's packet on 11 June 1775, and David Kay was probably a qualified surgeon sent out or approved by the Directors. Statham kept his place as a lieutenant in the Fourth Company. The pay was split to the day, as with the soldiers' promotions, so the two men together drew exactly one quarter's salary. John Congreve's £7 10s 0d of diet money was replaced by the same sum as schoolmaster. The Company now paid him to teach the island's children as well as to serve as judge advocate. The appointment fits the spelling books, primers and Bibles sold from the stores in 1775.
204	197	1775 Brought Over £ 880 . 15 Thos. Bazett Superintendt. of the Works 25 Solomon St. Maurice Master at Arms 6 . 5 Saml. Alexander John Worrall Overseers 7 . 10 John Robinson Carpenter 15 Simon Whaley do. Mate 25 Henry Wingfield Masons Mate 12 . 10 John Daniels do. Apprentice 20 Joseph Seager Armourer 12 . 10 Joseph Griffiths Cooper 15 James Carmichell Gardener 15 John Price Marshall and Goaler 10 Isaac Clark Groom 7 . 10 John Joyce Clock and Instrument Cleaner 2 John King Patroon 1 . 5 Thomas Yates Clerk of the Parish 7 . 10 The Drum Major Instructg. the Young Drummers 6 . 10 Hugh Jones Superintendt. of the Blacks 1 John Scott Register Master 10 10 First Company Viz. Daniel Corneille Captain 59 . 6 . 3 Charles Ross Stewart Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. Adjutant 18 . 5 . 52 . 9 . 4½ James Elgin Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Richard Knipe Lieut. from 14 June 1775 6 . 7 . 6 William Roberts Town Adjutant 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 . 36 . 14 . 4½ Carried Over £ 1273 . 16 . 10½	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £880 15s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £880 15s 1d Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d Samuel Alexander, overseer, £7 10s 0d John Worrall, overseer, £15 0s 0d John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d Simon Whaley, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d Henry Wingfield, mason's mate, £20 0s 0d John Daniels, mason's apprentice, £12 10s 0d Joseph Seager, armourer, £15 0s 0d Joseph Griffiths, cooper, £15 0s 0d James Carmichael, gardener, £10 0s 0d John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d Isaac Clark, groom, £2 0s 0d John Joyce, clock and instrument cleaner, £1 5s 0d John King, patron of the longboat, £7 10s 0d Thomas Yates, parish clerk, £6 10s 0d The drum major, for training the young drummers, £1 0s 0d Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d John Scott, register master, £10 0s 0d First Company Daniel Corneille, captain, £59 6s 3d Charles Ross Stewart, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Charles Ross Stewart, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Charles Ross Stewart, adjutant, £18 5s 0d Total for Charles Ross Stewart, £52 9s 4½d James Elgin, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d James Elgin, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for James Elgin, £34 4s 4½d Richard Knipe, lieutenant, from 14 June 1775, £6 7s 6d William Roberts, town adjutant, salary, £27 7s 6d William Roberts, diet money, £6 16s 10½d William Roberts, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Roberts, £36 14s 4½d Carried forward, £1,273 16s 10½d Interpretations Richard Knipe drew lieutenant's pay from 14 June 1775, two days after the Council resolved on 12 June 1775 to make him an acting second lieutenant. He left the cadets' list on the same day, so his pay rose from £7 10s 0d to the lieutenant's rate of £27 7s 6d a quarter only for the last 17 days of June. The Council put its decision into effect at once and did not wait for the Court of Directors to confirm it. John Scott's post was register master, the official who kept the island's registers of leases, deeds, wills and similar records. Every lease transfer, sale and registered will recorded at the Council's meetings, such as Jane Bagley's will of 28 April 1775, passed into his books.
205	198	17th July Brought Over £ 1278 . 16 . 10½ Sergeants Viz. Thomas Meares to 6 April .. 10 .. James Mannaton 7 . 11 . 8 Thomas Roades to 9th May 3 . 5 Abraham Jarvis 7 . 11 . 8 Andrew Alexander 7 . 11 . 8 William Hardie 7 . 11 . 8 John Potts from 7th April 7 . 1 . 8 George Roe from 10th May 4 . 6 . 8 45 . 10 . Corporals Viz. John Potts to 6 April .. 7 Geo Roe to 9th May 2 . 5 . 6 John Desborough 5 . 6 . 2 Jon. Bartlett 5 . 6 . 2 William Warner 5 . 6 . 2 William Goalby 5 . 6 . 2 James Mc. Shane from 7 April 4 . 19 . 2 John Gaell from 10th do. 3 .. 8 31 . 17 . Drummers Viz. John Truils 5 . 6 . 2 Richard Halfpot 5 . 6 . 2 George Walls 5 . 6 . 2 15 . 18 . 6 Richard Knipe Cadet to 13 June 6 . 3 . 4 Private Viz. Richard Ashton 3 . 15 . 10 John Attwood 3 . 15 . 10 Edward Aldridge 3 . 15 . 10 Timothy Bryson 3 . 15 . 10 William Benson 3 . 15 . 10 Richard Broom 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Berwick 3 . 15 . 10 Joseph Beecham 3 . 15 . 10 Private Carried Over £ 30 . 6 . 8 Carried Over £ 1378 . 5 . 8½	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £1,273 16s 10½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,273 16s 10½d Sergeants Thomas Mears, sergeant, to 6 April 1775, £0 10s 0d James Mannaton, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Rhodes, sergeant, to 9 May 1775, £3 5s 0d Abraham Lewis, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Andrew Alexander, sergeant, £7 11s 8d William Hardie, sergeant, £7 11s 8d John Potts, sergeant, from 7 April 1775, £7 1s 8d George Roe, sergeant, from 10 May 1775, £4 6s 8d Total for sergeants, £45 10s 0d Corporals John Potts, corporal, to 6 April 1775, £0 7s 0d George Roe, corporal, to 9 May 1775, £2 5s 6d John Desbrough, corporal, £5 6s 2d Jonathan Bartlett, corporal, £5 6s 2d William Warner, corporal, £5 6s 2d William Goalby, corporal, £5 6s 2d James McShane, corporal, from 7 April 1775, £4 19s 2d John Gazell, corporal, from 10 May 1775, £3 0s 8d Total for corporals, £31 17s 0d Drummers John Turner, drummer, £5 6s 2d Richard Halford, drummer, £5 6s 2d George Watts, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £15 18s 6d Richard Knipe, cadet, to 13 June 1775, £6 3s 4d Privates Richard Ashton, private, £3 15s 10d John Atwood, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Aldridge, private, £3 15s 10d Timothy Bryan, private, £3 15s 10d William Brown, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Brown, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Beswick, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Buchan, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £30 6s 8d Carried forward, £1,378 5s 8½d Interpretations Each full rate was slightly higher than in the first quarter of 1775. A sergeant drew £7 11s 8d against £7 10s 0d, and a private £3 15s 10d against £3 15s 0d. Pay ran by the day, and the quarter from April to June had 91 days against 90 in the first quarter. Two sergeants' places opened in the First Company and were each filled the next day by a chain of promotions. Thomas Mears left the sergeants on 6 April 1775, and the corporal John Potts replaced him on 7 April 1775, with the private James McShane taking Potts's place. Mears was the sergeant who sent £100 0s 0d home by bill of exchange on 6 May 1775, which fits a man who had left the ranks to take up other business on the island. Thomas Rhodes's pay stopped on 9 May 1775, the day before George Roe and John Gazell moved up, and the Council formally granted his discharge on 15 May 1775.
206	199	1775 Brought Over £ 1378 . 5 . 8½ Private brought Over £ 30 . 6 . 8 John Baker 3 . 15 . 10 Edward Banks 3 . 15 . 10 John Bull 3 . 15 . 10 Joseph Batterham 3 . 15 . 10 Jn. Brocklebanks from 11 June .. 16 . 8 Patrick Conner 3 . 15 . 10 John Charlton 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Coppin 3 . 15 . 10 Ralph Clavering 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Craigs 3 . 15 . 10 Peter Chapman 3 . 15 . 10 John Cook 3 . 15 . 10 James Crookshanks 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Stone from 11 June .. 16 . 8 John Davies 3 . 15 . 10 John Dove 3 . 15 . 10 James Drake 3 . 15 . 10 Adam Evans 3 . 15 . 10 John Ellis 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Edwards 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Fisher 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Frost to 8th May 1 . 11 . 8 John Frake 3 . 15 . 10 Stephen Ferris 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Greenwood 3 . 15 . 10 John Griffiths 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Gosford 3 . 15 . 10 John Gaile to 9th May 1 . 12 . 6 John Houston 3 . 15 . 10 Philip Hayes 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Houching 3 . 15 . 10 Edward Hayes 3 . 15 . 10 Thos. Hendrick 3 . 15 . 10 Bernard Hartier 3 . 15 . 10 John Johnson Private Carried Over £ 152 . 16 . 8 Carried Over £ 1378 . 5 . 8½	The list of privates in the First Company continued from a subtotal of £30 6s 8d, with the general total of £1,378 5s 8½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,378 5s 8½d Privates brought forward, £30 6s 8d John Baker, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Banks, private, £3 15s 10d John Bull, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Bottesham, private, £3 15s 10d John Brocklebank, private, from 11 June 1775, £0 16s 8d Patrick Conner, private, £3 15s 10d John Charlton, private, £3 15s 10d William Coppin, private, £3 15s 10d Ralph Cheeney, private, £3 15s 10d William Craig, private, £3 15s 10d Peter Chapman, private, £3 15s 10d John Cook, private, £3 15s 10d James Crookshanks, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Close, private, from 11 June 1775, £0 16s 8d John Davis, private, £3 15s 10d John Dove, private, £3 15s 10d James Drake, private, £3 15s 10d Adam Evans, private, £3 15s 10d John Ellis, private, £3 15s 10d William Edwards, private, £3 15s 10d William Fisher, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Frost, private, to 8 May 1775, £1 11s 8d John Feebe, private, £3 15s 10d Stephen Faries, private, £3 15s 10d William Greenwood, private, £3 15s 10d John Griffiths, private, £3 15s 10d William Gosford, private, £3 15s 10d John Gazell, private, to 9 May 1775, £1 12s 6d John Houston, private, £3 15s 10d Philip Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hutching, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hendrick, private, £3 15s 10d Bernard Harter, private, £3 15s 10d John Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £152 16s [...]d Carried forward, £1,378 5s 8½d Interpretations John Brocklebank and Thomas Close joined the First Company on 11 June 1775, the day the Hampshire arrived from England. They were recruits sent out on her and were taken onto the strength the day they landed. Robert Frost's pay ended on 8 May 1775, the day the Council granted his discharge at the end of his term. John Gazell's private's pay stopped on 9 May 1775 because he was promoted to corporal the next day.
207	200	17th July Brought Over £ 1378 . 5 . 8½ Private brought Over £ 152 . 16 . 2 Francis Ives 3 . 15 . 10 Franl. Jones 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Love 3 . 15 . 10 Michael Leonard 3 . 15 . 10 Duncan Mc. Laren 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Mumford 3 . 15 . 10 William Mudge 3 . 15 . 10 John Mc. Allister 3 . 15 . 10 Michl. Mc. Namara 3 . 15 . 10 Peter Morfitt 3 . 15 . 10 James Mc. Shane 6 April .. 5 .. Daniel Morgan 3 . 15 . 10 Duncan Mc. Naughton 3 . 15 . 10 Richard Nichols 3 . 15 . 10 James Neale 3 . 15 . 10 William Page 3 . 15 . 10 Charles Pelletier 3 . 15 . 10 Richard Palmer 3 . 15 . 10 Alexd. Paxton 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Pruitt 3 . 15 . 10 John Pagle 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Robinson 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Rogers 3 . 15 . 10 Anthy. Reynolds 3 . 15 . 10 John Revell 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Saxby 3 . 15 . 10 William Smelt 3 . 15 . 10 Joseph Stacey 3 . 15 . 10 James Snell 3 . 15 . 10 Gregory Sutherwood 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Smith to 2 May 1 . 6 . 8 John Small 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Sommervelle 3 . 15 . 10 John Tanton 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Townsend 3 . 15 . 10 Private brought Over £ 279 . 9 . 2 Carried Over £ 1378 . 5 . 8½	The list of privates in the First Company continued from a subtotal of £152 15s 2d, with the general total of £1,378 5s 8½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,378 5s 8½d Privates brought forward, £152 15s 2d Francis Ives, private, £3 15s 10d Francis Jones, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Love, private, £3 15s 10d Michael Leonard, private, £3 15s 10d Duncan McLaren, private, £3 15s 10d William Munford, private, £3 15s 10d William Mudge, private, £3 15s 10d John McAllister, private, £3 15s 10d Michael McNamara, private, £3 15s 10d Peter Moffatt, private, £3 15s 10d James McShane, private, to 6 April 1775, £0 5s 0d Daniel Morgan, private, £3 15s 10d Duncan McNaughton, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Nichols, private, £3 15s 10d James Neale, private, £3 15s 10d William Page, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Pilliter, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Palmer, private, £3 15s 10d Alexander Paxton, private, £3 15s 10d William Pevett, private, £3 15s 10d John Pugle, private, £3 15s 10d William Robinson, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Rogers, private, £3 15s 10d Anthony Reynolds, private, £3 15s 10d John Revill, private, £3 15s 10d William Swaby, private, £3 15s 10d William Smelt, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Stacey, private, £3 15s 10d James Snell, private, £3 15s 10d Gregory Southerwood, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Smith, private, to 2 May 1775, £1 6s 8d John Small, private, £3 15s 10d William Sommerville, private, £3 15s 10d John Stanton, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Townsend, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £279 9s 2d Carried forward, £1,378 5s 8½d Interpretations Thomas Smith's pay stopped on 2 May 1775, the day the Council's minutes of 6 May 1775 recorded his death. James McShane drew private's pay only to 6 April 1775, which confirms that he was the private promoted to corporal on 7 April 1775 to fill the place left when John Potts became a sergeant.
208	201	1775 Brought Over £ 1378 . 5 . 8½ Private brought Over £ 279 . 9 . 2 John Taylor 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Taylor 3 . 15 . 10 Geo Thomas 3 . 15 . 10 Arthur Upton to 13 June 3 . 1 . 8 Benjn. Wise 3 . 15 . 10 George Wall 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Windall 3 . 15 . 10 Barthw. Welch 3 . 15 . 10 John Walters 3 . 15 . 10 Henry Wood 3 . 15 . 10 John Waterfield 3 . 15 . 10 Edward Wickenden 3 . 15 . 10 John White to 15th May 1 . 17 . 6 Willm. Westbury 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Wright 3 . 15 . 10 William Wilders 3 . 15 . 10 William Webb 3 . 15 . 10 Patrick Lynch 3 . 15 . 10 345 . 6 . 0 Second Company Viz. Henry Bazett Captain to 8th May 24 . 14 . James Greentree Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ John Bazett Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Arthur Upton Lieut. from 14 June 6 . 7 . 6 Sergeants Viz. Frances Seale 7 . 11 . 8 William Wills 7 . 11 . 8 Joseph Mc. Cartney 7 . 11 . 8 John Sheens 7 . 11 . 8 Wm. Carter 7 . 11 . 8 Samuel Warren to 22 May 4 . 6 . 8 Mark Trueman from 23 do. 3 . 5 45 . 11 Carried Over £ 1868 . 7 . 7½	The list of privates in the First Company continued from a subtotal of £279 9s 2d, with the general total of £1,378 5s 8½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,378 5s 8½d Privates brought forward, £279 9s 2d John Taylor, private, £3 15s 10d William Taylor, private, £3 15s 10d George Thomas, private, £3 15s 10d Arthur Upton, private, to 13 June 1775, £3 1s 8d Benjamin Wise, private, £3 15s 10d George Wall, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Windall, private, £3 15s 10d Bartholomew Welch, private, £3 15s 10d John Walters, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Wood, private, £3 15s 10d John Waterfield, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Wickendon, private, £3 15s 10d John White, private, to 15 May 1775, £1 17s 6d William Westbury, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Wright, private, £3 15s 10d William Wilders, private, £3 15s 10d William Webb, private, £3 15s 10d Patrick Lynch, private, £3 15s 10d Total for privates, £345 6s 0d Second Company Henry Bazett, captain, to 8 May 1775, £24 14s [...]d James Greentree, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d James Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for James Greentree, £34 4s 4½d John Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for John Bazett, £34 4s 4½d Arthur Upton, lieutenant, from 14 June 1775, £6 7s 6d Sergeants Francis Seale, sergeant, £7 11s 8d William Wells, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Joseph McCartney, sergeant, £7 11s 8d John Stevens, sergeant, £7 11s 8d William Carter, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Samuel Warren, sergeant, to 22 May 1775, £4 6s 8d Mark Tyeman, sergeant, from 23 May 1775, £3 5s 0d Total for sergeants, £45 10s 0d Carried forward, £1,868 7s 7½d Interpretations Henry Bazett's pay as captain ended on 8 May 1775, the day the Royal Charlotte sailed for England. He had resigned on 1 May 1775 to sail home to bring back his daughter, and the Council had promised to support his return with his rank. His company was left with only its lieutenants in command. Arthur Upton moved straight from the ranks to an officer's post. He drew private's pay to 13 June 1775 and lieutenant's pay from 14 June 1775, the same day as Richard Knipe. The Court of Directors had asked the Council to favour him as a man of good family and education. Samuel Warren's death on 22 May 1775, recorded in the minutes of 29 May 1775, gave the corporal Mark Tyeman his sergeant's place the next day.
209	202	17th July Brought Over £ 1868 . 7 . 7½ Corporals Viz. Mark Trueman to 22 May 3 .. 8 Robt. Withers 5 . 6 . 2 Henry Batchelder 5 . 6 . 2 John Richards 5 . 6 . 2 George Clancy 5 . 6 . 2 John Fellows to 16 May 2 . 13 . 8 John Terrell from 17 do. 2 . 12 . 6 Henry Yates from 23 do. 2 . 5 . 6 31 . 17 Drummers Viz. Benjamin Seale 5 . 6 . 2 John Wyrell 5 . 6 . 2 10 . 12 . 4 Private Viz. Timothy Atherton 3 . 15 . 10 John Ash from 11 June .. 16 . 8 Willm. Brooks to 8 do. 1 . 11 . 8 James Beard to 8 do. 1 . 11 . 8 Daniel Bye 3 . 15 . 10 Charles Brewer 3 . 15 . 10 Andrew Boswell 3 . 15 . 10 John Cunningham 3 . 15 . 10 John Coffee 3 . 15 . 10 Ferring Clamp 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Chankley 3 . 15 . 10 Geo Chapman 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Dunnan 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Daniels to 22nd May 2 . 3 . 4 Daniel Duce 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Davis 3 . 15 . 10 Peter Ellam 3 . 15 . 10 David Evans to 22 May 2 . 3 . 4 James Every 3 . 15 . 10 John Eames 3 . 15 . 10 Jonah Edwards 3 . 15 . 10 Private Carried Over £ 69 .. Carried Over £ 1910 . 16 . 11½	The list of the Second Company continued from the total of £1,868 7s 7½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,868 7s 7½d Corporals Mark Tyeman, corporal, to 22 May 1775, £3 0s 8d Robert Withers, corporal, £5 6s 2d Henry Batchelder, corporal, £5 6s 2d John Richards, corporal, £5 6s 2d George Clancy, corporal, £5 6s 2d John Fellows, corporal, to 16 May 1775, £2 13s 8d John Terrell, corporal, from 17 May 1775, £2 12s 6d Henry Yates, corporal, from 23 May 1775, £2 5s 6d Total for corporals, £31 17s 0d Drummers Benjamin Seale, drummer, £5 6s 2d John Wyatt, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £10 12s 4d Privates Timothy Allaster, private, £3 15s 10d John Ash, private, from 11 June 1775, £0 16s 8d William Brooks, private, to 8 May 1775, £1 11s 8d James Baird, private, to 8 May 1775, £1 11s 8d David Bye, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Bruce, private, £3 15s 10d Andrew Boswell, private, £3 15s 10d John Cunningham, private, £3 15s 10d John Coffee, private, £3 15s 10d Fanning Clamp, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Chankley, private, £3 15s 10d George Chapman, private, £3 15s 10d William Conman, private, £3 15s 10d William Daniels, private, to 22 May 1775, £2 3s 4d Daniel Duce, private, £3 15s 10d William Davis, private, £3 15s 10d Peter Ellam, private, £3 15s 10d David Evans, private, to 22 May 1775, £2 3s 4d James Every, private, £3 15s 10d John Eames, private, £3 15s 10d Jonah Edwards, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £69 0s 0d Carried forward, £1,910 16s 11½d Interpretations The dates on this page match the discharges recorded in the Council's minutes. William Brooks, who had served 28 years, and James Baird both left on 8 May 1775, the day the Council granted their discharges. William Daniels and David Evans left on 22 May 1775, when their own petitions were granted. Each man was paid up to the day of the Council's decision and no further. John Fellows's corporal's pay stopped on 16 May 1775, and John Terrell replaced him the next day. Fellows had himself been promoted in February 1775 in place of the demoted Thomas Hart. His name does not appear among the discharges, so he was perhaps reduced to the ranks in turn.
210	203	1775 Brought Over £ 1910 . 16 . 11½ Private brought Over £ 69 .. William Fullwood 3 . 15 . 10 John Fellows from 17 May 1 . 17 . 6 Richard Fox from 11 June .. 16 . 8 Robt. Green 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Griffiths 3 . 15 . 10 Josiah Gentleman 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Graysmith 3 . 15 . 10 David Grant to 8 May 1 . 11 . 8 John Goodsole 3 . 15 . 10 Samuel Hiles 3 . 15 . 10 John Holbrooke 3 . 15 . 10 James Hudson 3 . 15 . 10 John Ham 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Hardie 3 . 15 . 10 John Hayage 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Harrison 3 . 15 . 10 Geo Hatch 3 . 15 . 10 Edward Hughes 3 . 15 . 10 William Hendon 3 . 15 . 10 John Hargate 3 . 15 . 10 Jacob Hiram 3 . 15 . 10 John Hughes 3 . 15 . 10 Fredk. Hoffstat 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Hart 3 . 15 . 10 Charles Holloway 3 . 15 . 10 Samuel Instone 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Johnson 3 . 15 . 10 John James 3 . 15 . 10 Richard Jerram 3 . 15 . 10 Andrew Jocalcomb 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Jones 3 . 15 . 10 John Jones to 8th May 1 . 11 . 8 Arthur Jennings from 11 June .. 16 . 8 Henry Kirkham 3 . 15 . 10 John King 3 . 15 . 10 Saml. Kitson to 8th May 1 . 11 . 8 Private brought Over £ 191 .. 10 Carried Over £ 1910 . 16 . 11½	The list of privates in the Second Company continued from a subtotal of £69 0s 0d, with the general total of £1,910 16s 11½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,910 16s 11½d Privates brought forward, £69 0s 0d William Fulwood, private, £3 15s 10d John Fellows, private, from 17 May 1775, £1 17s 6d Richard Fox, private, from 11 June 1775, £0 16s 8d Robert Green, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Griffiths, private, £3 15s 10d Josiah Gentleman, private, £3 15s 10d William Gunswick, private, £3 15s 10d David Grant, private, to 8 May 1775, £1 11s 8d John Gorsch, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Hiles, private, £3 15s 10d John Holebrook, private, £3 15s 10d James Hudson, private, £3 15s 10d John Ham, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Hardie, private, £3 15s 10d John Haynge, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Harrison, private, £3 15s 10d George Hatch, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Hughes, private, £3 15s 10d William Hinden, private, £3 15s 10d John Heigate, private, £3 15s 10d Jacob Horam, private, £3 15s 10d John Hughes, private, £3 15s 10d Frederick Hoffstall, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hart, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Holloway, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Instone, private, £3 15s 10d William Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d John James, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Ingram, private, £3 15s 10d Andrew Isacomb, private, £3 15s 10d William Jones, private, £3 15s 10d John Jones, private, to 8 May 1775, £1 11s 8d Arthur Jennings, private, from 11 June 1775, £0 16s 8d Henry Kirkham, private, £3 15s 10d John King, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Hobson, private, to 8 May 1775, £1 11s 8d Privates carried forward, £191 0s 10d Carried forward, £1,910 16s 11½d Interpretations John Fellows returned to the ranks on 17 May 1775, the day after his corporal's pay ended. He had been promoted in February 1775 to replace the demoted Thomas Hart and was now demoted in his turn, with John Terrell taking his stripes. Hart himself remained a private throughout the quarter. David Grant and John Jones left on 8 May 1775, the day the Council granted their discharges at the end of their terms. Samuel Hobson left on the same day, although his name does not appear among the petitions that day. Richard Fox and Arthur Jennings joined on 11 June 1775 with the recruits landed from the Hampshire.
211	204	17th July Brought Over £ 1910 . 16 . 11½ Private brought Over £ 191 .. 10 Thomas Little 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Lee 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Lambley 3 . 15 . 10 James Laddy 3 . 15 . 10 Charles Lockstone 3 . 15 . 10 John Monroe 3 . 15 . 10 John Mc. Cullen 3 . 15 . 10 Frances Meares 3 . 15 . 10 Peter Mahan 3 . 15 . 10 Joseph Miller 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Meville 3 . 15 . 10 James Maloney 3 . 15 . 10 Isaac Muskett 3 . 15 . 10 Patrick Mc. Lauchlin 3 . 15 . 10 Joseph Middleton from 11 June .. 16 . 8 Reeves Osborne 3 . 15 . 10 Jacob Peters 3 . 15 . 10 Richard Page 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Paddom 3 . 15 . 10 John Phillips 3 . 15 . 10 Hans Peter 3 . 15 . 10 Simon Pick 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Penree to 8 May 1 . 11 . 8 John Roberts 3 . 15 . 10 Owen Raccoon 3 . 15 . 10 Peter Roberts 3 . 15 . 10 Saml. Reddish 3 . 15 . 10 Robert Rattle from 11 June .. 16 . 8 John Christopher Shuft 3 . 15 . 10 Fredk. Sheffer 3 . 15 . 10 John Salisbury 3 . 15 . 10 James Stone 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Smith 3 . 15 . 10 Baptista Tibbet 3 . 15 . 10 Benjn. Thomas 3 . 15 . 10 Private Carried Over £ 315 . 12 . 6 Carried Over £ 1910 . 16 . 11½ Margin Notes: 100	The list of privates in the Second Company continued from a subtotal of £191 0s 10d, with the general total of £1,910 16s 11½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,910 16s 11½d Privates brought forward, £191 0s 10d Thomas Little, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Lee, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Lambley, private, £3 15s 10d James Liddy, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Lockstone, private, £3 15s 10d John Morris, private, £3 15s 10d John McCullen, private, £3 15s 10d Francis Mears, private, £3 15s 10d Peter Mahan, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Miller, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Minith, private, £3 15s 10d James Maloney, private, £3 15s 10d Isaac Mushett, private, £3 15s 10d Patrick McLauchlin, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Middleton, private, from 11 June 1775, £0 16s 8d Reeves Osborne, private, £3 15s 10d Jacob Peters, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Page, private, £3 15s 10d William Paddon, private, £3 15s 10d John Phillips, private, £3 15s 10d Hans Peter, private, £3 15s 10d Simon Peck, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Pounce, private, to 8 May 1775, £1 11s 8d John Roberts, private, £3 15s 10d Owen Raccoon, private, £3 15s 10d Peter Roberts, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Reddish, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Rattle, private, from 11 June 1775, £0 16s 8d John Christian Ruff, private, £3 15s 10d Frederick Sheffer, private, £3 15s 10d John Salisbury, private, £3 15s 10d James Stone, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Smith, private, £3 15s 10d Baptista Sibbet, private, £3 15s 10d Benjamin Thomas, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £315 12s 6d Carried forward, £1,910 16s 11½d Interpretations Thomas Pounce left the company on 8 May 1775, the day the Council released the private it recorded as Thomas Penrice. Penrice had three months still to serve and was allowed to go home because he found John Parker to serve out his time. The two names probably belong to the same man, written differently by the clerk in the minutes and in the pay list. Joseph Middleton and Robert Rattle were further recruits from the Hampshire, taken onto the strength on 11 June 1775.
212	205	1775 Brought Over £ 1910 . 16 . 11½ Private brought Over £ 315 . 12 . 6 Ralph Tedman 3 . 15 . 10 John Terrell to 16 May 1 . 18 . 4 John Vaughan 3 . 15 . 10 John Walters 3 . 15 . 10 Richard White 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Warren 3 . 15 . 10 James Wells 3 . 15 . 10 James Willson from 11 June .. 16 . 8 Henry Yates to 22 May 2 . 3 . 4 343 . 5 . 10 Third Company Viz. John Howard Captain 59 . 6 . 3 Samuel Desfountain Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 .. 36 . 14 . 4½ Robert Gurling Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Sergeants Viz. John Terry Serjt. Major 12 . 2 . 8 John Drake 7 . 11 . 8 Thomas Kilsch 7 . 11 . 8 James Youd 7 . 11 . 8 George German 7 . 11 . 8 Willm. Taylor to 8th May 3 . 3 . 4 John Anderson from 9 do. 4 . 8 . 4 50 . 1 Corporals Viz. John Anderson to 8 May 2 . 4 . 4 Caleb Broadway to 16 do. 2 . 13 . 8 Richard Pearce 5 . 6 . 2 John Johnson 5 . 6 . 2 Joseph Wrights 5 . 6 . 2 Benjn. Gerrard to 16 May 2 . 13 . 8 John Roberts from 9 May 3 . 1 . 10 Stephen Trueman from 17 May 2 . 12 . 6 Thos. Williams from 17 do. 2 . 12 . 6 31 . 17 .. Carried Over £ 2465 . 5 . 9½	The list of privates in the Second Company continued from a subtotal of £315 12s 6d, with the general total of £1,910 16s 11½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,910 16s 11½d Privates brought forward, £315 12s 6d Ralph Tidman, private, £3 15s 10d John Terrell, private, to 16 May 1775, £1 18s 4d John Vaughan, private, £3 15s 10d John Walters, private, £3 15s 10d Richard White, private, £3 15s 10d William Warren, private, £3 15s 10d James Wells, private, £3 15s 10d James Willson, private, from 11 June 1775, £0 16s 8d Henry Yates, private, to 22 May 1775, £2 3s 4d Total for privates, £343 5s 10d Third Company John Howard, captain, £59 6s 3d Samuel Desfountain, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Samuel Desfountain, £36 14s 4½d Robert Girling, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Robert Girling, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Robert Girling, £34 4s 4½d Sergeants John Terry, sergeant major, £12 2s 8d John Veale, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Pilcock, sergeant, £7 11s 8d James Ward, sergeant, £7 11s 8d George Germon, sergeant, £7 11s 8d William Taylor, sergeant, to 8 May 1775, £3 3s 4d John Anderson, sergeant, from 9 May 1775, £4 8s 4d Total for sergeants, £50 1s 0d Corporals John Anderson, corporal, to 8 May 1775, £2 4s 4d Caleb Broadway, corporal, to 16 May 1775, £2 13s 8d Richard Pearce, corporal, £5 6s 2d John Johnson, corporal, £5 6s 2d Joseph Wright, corporal, £5 6s 2d Benjamin Gerrard, corporal, to 16 May 1775, £2 13s 8d John Roberts, corporal, from 9 May 1775, £3 1s 10d Stephen Truman, corporal, from 17 May 1775, £2 12s 6d Thomas Williams, corporal, from 17 May 1775, £2 12s 6d Total for corporals, £31 17s 0d Carried forward, £2,465 5s 9½d Interpretations Sergeant William Taylor left on 8 May 1775, the day the Council granted his discharge, and the corporal John Anderson took his place the next day. John Roberts moved up to fill Anderson's place as corporal. Two corporals of the Third Company, Caleb Broadway and Benjamin Gerrard, ceased to draw corporal's pay on 16 May 1775. The same day the Second Company lost John Fellows as a corporal, and John Terrell left its privates. All four places were filled on 17 May 1775. Several changes in two companies on one date point to a single event, perhaps a court martial or a disciplinary review of several men together, though the minutes of that week record no such hearing.
213	206	17th July Brought Over £ 2465 . 5 . 9½ Drummers Viz. James Moyce 5 . 6 . 2 Robert Tyrell 5 . 6 . 2 10 . 12 . 4 Private Viz. John Allen 3 . 15 . 10 William Ashfield 3 . 15 . 10 John Blackwell 3 . 15 . 10 John Bowler to 29 April 1 . 4 . 2 Willm. Blackman 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Bailey 3 . 15 . 10 Richard Bickerstaff 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Caleb Baldwin 3 . 15 . 10 Jeremiah Butcher 3 . 15 . 10 John Bates 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Buckles 3 . 15 . 10 John Broad 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Bicknell 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Blake 3 . 15 . 10 Caleb Broadway from 17 May 1 . 17 . 6 John Brown from 11 June .. 16 . 8 Wm. Cooksey 3 . 15 . 10 Richard Close 3 . 15 . 10 Josiah Cummings 3 . 15 . 10 John Clemans 3 . 15 . 10 Samuel Clare to 15th May 1 . 17 . 6 John Collins 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Coleman 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Dawson 3 . 15 . 10 James Dennis 3 . 15 . 10 John Deane 3 . 15 . 10 James Deighton 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Dorman 3 . 15 . 10 Charles Field 3 . 15 . 10 Francis Flinn 3 . 15 . 10 David Fowler 3 . 15 . 10 Private Carried Over £ 108 . 3 . 4 Carried Over £ 2476 . 18 . 1½	The list of the Third Company continued from the total of £2,465 5s 9½d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,465 5s 9½d Drummers James Moyce, drummer, £5 6s 2d Robert Tyrell, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £10 12s 4d Privates John Allen, private, £3 15s 10d William Ashfield, private, £3 15s 10d John Blackwell, private, £3 15s 10d John Bowler, private, to 28 April 1775, £1 4s 2d William Blackman, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Bailey, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Bickerstaff, private, £3 15s 10d William Caleb Baldwin, private, £3 15s 10d Jeremiah Butcher, private, £3 15s 10d John Bates, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Buckles, private, £3 15s 10d John Bead, private, £3 15s 10d William Bucknell, private, £3 15s 10d William Blake, private, £3 15s 10d Caleb Broadway, private, from 17 May 1775, £1 17s 6d John Brown, private, from 11 June 1775, £0 16s 8d William Cooksey, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Close, private, £3 15s 10d Josiah Cummins, private, £3 15s 10d John Clemans, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Clare, private, to 15 May 1775, £1 17s 6d John Collins, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Coleman, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Dawson, private, £3 15s 10d James Dennis, private, £3 15s 10d John Deane, private, £3 15s 10d James Deighton, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Denman, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Field, private, £3 15s 10d Francis Flory, private, £3 15s 10d David Fowler, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £108 3s 4d Carried forward, £2,476 18s 1½d Interpretations Caleb Broadway drew private's pay from 17 May 1775, the day after his corporal's pay ended. He had been reduced to the ranks, not discharged, which supports the reading that the changes of 16 and 17 May 1775 came from a disciplinary hearing. John Bowler's pay stopped on 28 April 1775, the day the Council's minutes of 1 May 1775 recorded his death. Samuel Clare left on 15 May 1775, the day the Council granted his discharge at the end of his term.
214	207	1775 Brought Over £ 2476 . 18 . 1½ Private brought Over £ 108 . 3 . 4 George Green 3 . 15 . 10 John Gillmore 3 . 15 . 10 Edward German 3 . 15 . 10 Fredk. Gallisse 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Golding 3 . 15 . 10 Joseph Gross 3 . 15 . 10 John Germain 3 . 15 . 10 Benjn. Gerrard from 17 May 1 . 17 . 6 Henry Heenburgh 3 . 15 . 10 Roger Haydon 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Hilliard 3 . 15 . 10 James Hawkins 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Haddon 3 . 15 . 10 Peter Hanlin 3 . 15 . 10 Joseph Havett from 11 June .. 16 . 8 John Highwood from do. .. 16 . 8 Chris. Johnson 3 . 15 . 10 Thos. Johnson 3 . 15 . 10 John Joyce 3 . 15 . 10 James Jordan 3 . 15 . 10 Richard Jackson 3 . 15 . 10 Michl. Kerry to 15 May 1 . 17 . 6 Thomas Lyne 3 . 15 . 10 Charles Lewellen 3 . 15 . 10 John Latham 3 . 15 . 10 Stephen Lissett 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. May 3 . 15 . 10 John Moyce 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Mc. Dearman 3 . 15 . 10 Daniel Patrick 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Parker 3 . 15 . 10 Thos. Pritchard 3 . 15 . 10 John Pink 3 . 15 . 10 John Phare 3 . 15 . 10 William Powell 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Parkinson Private Carried Over £ 234 . 18 . 4 Carried Over £ 2476 . 18 . 1½ Margin Notes: fol	The list of privates in the Third Company continued from a subtotal of £108 3s 4d, with the general total of £2,476 18s 1½d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,476 18s 1½d Privates brought forward, £108 3s 4d George Green, private, £3 15s 10d John Gilmore, private, £3 15s 10d Edward German, private, £3 15s 10d Frederick Gallese, private, £3 15s 10d William Golding, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Goss, private, £3 15s 10d John Germaine, private, £3 15s 10d Benjamin Gerrard, private, from 17 May 1775, £1 17s 6d Henry Hanenburgh, private, £3 15s 10d Roger Haydon, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hilliard, private, £3 15s 10d James Hawkins, private, £3 15s 10d William Hadden, private, £3 15s 10d Peter Hanlin, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Hewett, private, from 11 June 1775, £0 16s 8d John Highwood, private, from 11 June 1775, £0 16s 8d Christopher Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d John Joyce, private, £3 15s 10d James Jordan, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Jackson, private, £3 15s 10d Michael Kerry, private, to 15 May 1775, £1 17s 6d Thomas Kyne, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Lewellen, private, £3 15s 10d John Latham, private, £3 15s 10d Stephen Lipsett, private, £3 15s 10d Robert May, private, £3 15s 10d John Moyse, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas McGrannan, private, £3 15s 10d Daniel Patrick, private, £3 15s 10d William Parker, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Pritchard, private, £3 15s 10d John Pink, private, £3 15s 10d John Phare, private, £3 15s 10d William Purcell, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Parkinson, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £234 18s 4d Carried forward, £2,476 18s 1½d Interpretations Benjamin Gerrard was reduced to private on 17 May 1775 in the same way as Caleb Broadway. Both corporals of the Third Company who lost their stripes on 16 May 1775 thus remained in the company in the ranks. Michael Kerry left on 15 May 1775, the day the Council granted his discharge. Joseph Hewett and John Highwood joined with the other recruits landed from the Hampshire on 11 June 1775.
215	208	17th July Brought Over £ 2476 . 18 . 1½ Private brought Over £ 234 . 18 . 4 Robt. Parkinson 3 . 15 . 10 Chris. Pattisher 3 . 15 . 10 James Richardson .. 11 . 8 Willm. Scotman to the 14th April 1 . 11 . 8 John Roberts to the 8th May 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Stedman 3 . 15 . 10 James Sea 3 . 15 . 10 Charles Smith 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Smith 3 . 15 . 10 John Smith 3 . 15 . 10 Thos. Stevens 3 . 15 . 10 John Stockdell 3 . 15 . 10 Peter Shores 3 . 15 . 10 Saml. Savory 3 . 15 . 10 John Turner 3 . 15 . 10 Richard Turner 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Tucker 1 . 18 . 4 Stephen Trueman to 16 May 2 . 17 . 6 John Tubb to 8th June .. 11 . 8 Willm. Waite to 14 April 3 . 15 . 10 Thos. Walls 3 . 15 . 10 Samuel Willson 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Willson 3 . 15 . 10 John Wood 3 . 15 . 10 Geo Wood 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Woody 3 . 15 . 10 John Windall 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Webb 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Wickens 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Walton 3 . 15 . 10 Peter White 1 . 18 . 4 Thomas Williams to 16 May 3 . 15 . 10 John Jones 342 . 19 . 2 Carried Over £ 2819 . 17 . 3½	The list of privates in the Third Company continued from a subtotal of £234 18s 4d, with the general total of £2,476 18s 1½d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,476 18s 1½d Privates brought forward, £234 18s 4d Christopher Pettiker, private, £3 15s 10d James Richardson, private, £3 15s 10d William Scotman, private, to 14 April 1775, £0 11s 8d John Roberts, private, to 8 May 1775, £1 11s 8d William Stedman, private, £3 15s 10d James Sax, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Smith, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Smith, private, £3 15s 10d John Smith, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Stevens, private, £3 15s 10d John Stockdale, private, £3 15s 10d Peter Shoas, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Savory, private, £3 15s 10d John Turner, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Turner, private, £3 15s 10d William Tucker, private, £3 15s 10d Stephen Truman, private, to 16 May 1775, £1 18s 4d John Tubb, private, to 8 June 1775, £2 17s 6d William Waite, private, to 14 April 1775, £0 11s 8d Thomas Watts, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Willson, private, £3 15s 10d William Willson, private, £3 15s 10d John Wood, private, £3 15s 10d George Wood, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Woodey, private, £3 15s 10d John Wendall, private, £3 15s 10d William Webb, private, £3 15s 10d William Wickens, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Walton, private, £3 15s 10d Peter White, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Williams, private, to 16 May 1775, £1 18s 4d John Jones, private, £3 15s 10d Total for privates, £342 19s 2d Carried forward, £2,819 17s 3½d Interpretations The chain of changes on 16 and 17 May 1775 completed itself on this page. Stephen Truman and Thomas Williams left the privates on 16 May 1775 and were made corporals the next day, filling the places of Caleb Broadway and Benjamin Gerrard. The Third Company reduced two corporals and promoted two privates on the same day, so it kept its full number of non-commissioned officers. William Scotman and William Waite both left on 14 April 1775, and John Tubb on 8 June 1775. None of the three appears among the discharges or the deaths recorded in the Council's minutes for those dates. They had perhaps been transferred to other duties, or their departures were recorded elsewhere.
216	209	1775 Brought Over £ 2819 . 17 . 3½ Fourth Company Viz. Solomon St. Maurice Captain 59 . 6 . 3 Thomas Bazett Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 .. 36 . 14 . 4½ Thomas Statham Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Watkin Greentree Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Sergeants Viz. William Clifton 7 . 11 . 8 Thomas Blake 7 . 11 . 8 James York 7 . 11 . 8 Thomas Ferris 7 . 11 . 8 Willm. Bridgford 7 . 11 . 8 Joseph Dailey 7 . 11 . 8 45 . 10 .. Corporals Viz. Walton Walker 5 . 6 . 2 Jacob Bone 5 . 6 . 2 Samuel Johnson 5 . 6 . 2 John Gorring 5 . 6 . 2 Thos. Smith to 2 May 1 . 17 . 4 Michael Tooley from 3 May 3 . 8 . 10 31 . 17 .. Drummers Viz. John Martin 5 . 6 . 2 Willm. Venn 5 . 6 . 2 10 . 12 . 4 Private Viz. James Anderson 3 . 15 . 10 John Arden 3 . 15 . 10 Jeremiah Absbert 3 . 15 . 10 Private Carried Over £ 11 . 7 . 6 Carried Over £ 3072 . 6 ..	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £2,819 17s 3½d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,819 17s 3½d Fourth Company Solomon St Maurice, captain, £59 6s 3d Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Thomas Statham, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Thomas Statham, £34 4s 4½d Walter Greentree, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Walter Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Walter Greentree, £34 4s 4½d Sergeants William Clifton, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Blake, sergeant, £7 11s 8d James York, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Francis, sergeant, £7 11s 8d William Bridgeford, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Joseph Dailey, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Total for sergeants, £45 10s 0d Corporals Hatten Walker, corporal, £5 6s 2d Jacob Penn, corporal, £5 6s 2d Samuel Johnson, corporal, £5 6s 2d John Grainge, corporal, £5 6s 2d Thomas Smith, corporal, to 2 May 1775, £1 17s 4d Michael Tooley, corporal, from 3 May 1775, £3 8s 10d Total for corporals, £31 17s 0d Drummers John Martin, drummer, £5 6s 2d William Venn, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £10 12s 4d Privates James Anderson, private, £3 15s 10d John Arden, private, £3 15s 10d Jeremiah Abbutt, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £11 7s 6d Carried forward, £3,079 6s 0d Interpretations Thomas Statham drew only his lieutenant's pay and diet money this quarter. His separate pay as assistant surgeon had ended on 12 June 1775, when David Kay took over that post. Statham now served the Company solely as an officer of the Fourth Company. The corporal Thomas Smith's pay ended on 2 May 1775, the date the Council's minutes gave for the death of a Thomas Smith, and Michael Tooley took his place the following day.
217	210	17th July Brought Over £ 3072 . 6 Private brought Over £ 11 . 7 . 6 John Allen 3 . 15 . 10 Jacob Bull 3 . 15 . 10 John Blenhorn 3 . 15 . 10 Fredk. W. Beard 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Barff 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Bailey 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Beale 3 . 15 . 10 John Brown 3 . 15 . 10 Jeffery Bond 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Brown 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Bond 3 . 15 . 10 John Barber to 14 April .. 11 . 8 John Cook 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Courts 3 . 15 . 10 Benjn. Courtney 3 . 15 . 10 Geo Chevriott 3 . 15 . 10 James Curtis 3 . 15 . 10 James Creacy 3 . 15 . 10 Maurice Downey 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Downs 3 . 15 . 10 Thos. Drury 3 . 15 . 10 George Dadd 3 . 15 . 10 John Deane 3 . 15 . 10 Jacob Davis 3 . 15 . 10 Thos. Elliot to 8 May 1 . 11 . 8 Wm. Edwards 3 . 15 . 10 Charles Edgels 3 . 15 . 10 John Ferguson 3 . 15 . 10 Charles Frazier 3 . 15 . 10 Thos. Ford 3 . 15 . 10 Owen Griffiths 3 . 15 . 10 Robt. Green 3 . 15 . 10 John Gray 3 . 15 . 10 Felix Hyder 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Hopkins 3 . 15 . 10 Private Carried Over £ 138 . 13 . 4 Carried Over £ 3072 . 6	The list of privates in the Fourth Company continued from a subtotal of £11 7s 6d, with the general total of £3,072 6s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,072 6s 0d Privates brought forward, £11 7s 6d John Allen, private, £3 15s 10d Jacob Bull, private, £3 15s 10d John Blinkhorn, private, £3 15s 10d Frederick William Brand, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Buff, private, £3 15s 10d William Bailey, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Burke, private, £3 15s 10d John Brown, private, £3 15s 10d Jeffery Bond, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Brown, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Bond, private, £3 15s 10d John Barber, private, to 14 April 1775, £0 11s 8d John Cook, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Coutts, private, £3 15s 10d Benjamin Courtney, private, £3 15s 10d George Charnott, private, £3 15s 10d James Curtis, private, £3 15s 10d James Carsey, private, £3 15s 10d Maurice Conney, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Coons, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Curry, private, £3 15s 10d George Dodd, private, £3 15s 10d John Deane, private, £3 15s 10d Jacob Davis, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Elliot, private, to 8 May 1775, £1 11s 8d William Edwards, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Edgels, private, £3 15s 10d John Ferguson, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Frazier, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Ford, private, £3 15s 10d Owen Griffiths, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Green, private, £3 15s 10d John Gray, private, £3 15s 10d Felix Hyder, private, £3 15s 10d William Hopkins, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £138 13s 4d Carried forward, £3,072 6s 0d Interpretations Thomas Elliot left on 8 May 1775, the day the Council granted his discharge at the end of his term. John Barber's pay stopped on 14 April 1775, the same date as two privates of the Third Company, William Scotman and William Waite. Three men leaving two companies on one day suggests a single cause, such as a draft of men sent off the island or a group transferred to the artillery. The minutes for that week do not record which.
218	211	1775 Brought Over £ 3072 . 6 Private brought Over £ 138 . 13 . 4 Joseph Holloway 3 . 15 . 10 Peter Higgens 3 . 15 . 10 Edward Hazell 3 . 15 . 10 Saml. Harsant 3 . 15 . 10 John Howe 3 . 15 . 10 Thomas Hayes 3 . 15 . 10 John Harper 3 . 15 . 10 John Jacks 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Jamison 3 . 15 . 10 Joseph Jones 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Johnson 3 . 15 . 10 Richard Johnson 3 . 15 . 10 James Kemp 3 . 15 . 10 John Kelly 3 . 15 . 10 Edward Lamburn 3 . 15 . 10 John Lane 3 . 15 . 10 Philip Paggett 3 . 15 . 10 Richd. Moyce 3 . 15 . 10 Thos. Morris 3 . 15 . 10 Abraham Major 3 . 15 . 10 Joseph Martin 3 . 15 . 10 Charles Morris 3 . 15 . 10 Chas. Mannsieur 3 . 15 . 10 Andw. Nodling 3 . 15 . 10 James Oliphant 3 . 15 . 10 Thos. Perry 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Pickiss 3 . 15 . 10 Wm. Powell 3 . 15 . 10 David Pallen 3 . 15 . 10 Walter Pritchard 3 . 15 . 10 John Payne 3 . 15 . 10 John Power 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Pratt 3 . 15 . 10 Geo Richardson 3 . 15 . 10 Matthew Robinson 3 . 15 . 10 Private Carried Over £ 271 . 7 . 6 Carried Over £ 3072 . 6 ..	The list of privates in the Fourth Company continued from a subtotal of £138 13s 4d, with the general total of £3,072 6s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,072 6s 0d Privates brought forward, £138 13s 4d Joseph Holloway, private, £3 15s 10d Peter Higgins, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Harell, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Harsant, private, £3 15s 10d John Home, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d John Harper, private, £3 15s 10d John Jacks, private, £3 15s 10d William Jamison, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Jones, private, £3 15s 10d William Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d James Kemp, private, £3 15s 10d John Kelly, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Lamburn, private, £3 15s 10d John Lane, private, £3 15s 10d Philip Liggett, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Moyce, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Morris, private, £3 15s 10d Abraham Major, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Martin, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Morris, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Mannering, private, £3 15s 10d Andrew Nodling, private, £3 15s 10d James Oliphant, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Pons, private, £3 15s 10d William Purkiss, private, £3 15s 10d William Powell, private, £3 15s 10d David Patten, private, £3 15s 10d Walter Pritchard, private, £3 15s 10d John Payne, private, £3 15s 10d John Prior, private, £3 15s 10d William Pratt, private, £3 15s 10d George Richardson, private, £3 15s 10d Matthew Robinson, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £271 7s 6d Carried forward, £3,072 6s 0d
219	212	17th July Brought Over £ 3072 . 6 Private brought Over £ 271 . 7 . 6 Edward Ryley 3 . 15 . 10 Adam Scott 3 . 15 . 10 Arthur Shell 3 . 15 . 10 Richard Slaughter 3 . 15 . 10 Stephen Seymore 3 . 15 . 10 David Stoner 3 . 15 . 10 Franl. Shamblier 3 . 15 . 10 Thos. Smith from 3 May 2 . 9 . 2 Thos. Taylor 3 . 15 . 10 Geo Tonns 3 . 15 . 10 John Thompson 3 . 15 . 10 Jacob Thompson 3 . 15 . 10 John Towers 3 . 15 . 10 Rudolph Tippner 3 . 15 . 10 Michl. Tooley to 2 May 1 . 6 . 8 Thos. Ward 3 . 15 . 10 Willm. Waller 3 . 15 . 10 Henry Williams 3 . 15 . 10 James Wood 3 . 15 . 10 James White 3 . 15 . 10 Andw. Sherman 3 . 15 . 10 347 . 4 . 2 Artillery Company Viz. James Tippet Captain 59 . 6 . 3 John Shirley Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ James Molloy Lieut. from 11 June 7 . 10 Sergeants John Whitchurch 9 . 2 .. John Turner 9 . 2 .. James Parfett 9 . 2 Saml. Ringrove 9 . 2 Willm. Stapleford 9 . 2 John Smith 9 . 2 .. 54 . 12 Corporals Viz. Thomas Yates 6 . 16 . 6 Thomas Price 6 . 16 . 6 Thos. Wade 6 . 16 . 6 Thos. Farr 6 . 16 . 6 John Love 6 . 16 . 6 Jas. Munnings 6 . 16 . 6 40 . 19 Carried Over £ 3616 . 1 . 9½	The list of privates in the Fourth Company continued from a subtotal of £271 7s 6d, with the general total of £3,072 6s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,072 6s 0d Privates brought forward, £271 7s 6d Edward Ryley, private, £3 15s 10d Adam Scott, private, £3 15s 10d Arthur Shell, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Slaughter, private, £3 15s 10d Stephen Seymore, private, £3 15s 10d David Stone, private, £3 15s 10d Francis Shambeir, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Smith, private, from 3 May 1775, £2 9s 2d Thomas Taylor, private, £3 15s 10d George Towns, private, £3 15s 10d John Thompson, private, £3 15s 10d Jacob Thompson, private, £3 15s 10d John Towns, private, £3 15s 10d Rudolph Teshay, private, £3 15s 10d Michael Tooley, private, to 2 May 1775, £1 6s 8d Thomas Ward, private, £3 15s 10d William Walker, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Williams, private, £3 15s 10d James Wood, private, £3 15s 10d James White, private, £3 15s 10d Andrew Stoneman, private, £3 15s 10d Total for privates, £347 4s 2d Artillery Company James Tippet, captain, £59 6s 3d John Skelley, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d John Skelley, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for John Skelley, £34 4s 4½d James Molloy, lieutenant, from 11 June 1775, £7 10s 0d Sergeants John Whitchurch, sergeant, £9 2s 0d John Turner, sergeant, £9 2s 0d James Parfet, sergeant, £9 2s 0d Samuel Bengrove, sergeant, £9 2s 0d William Stapleford, sergeant, £9 2s 0d John Smith, sergeant, £9 2s 0d Total for sergeants, £54 12s 0d Corporals Thomas Yates, corporal, £6 16s 6d Thomas Price, corporal, £6 16s 6d Thomas Waite, corporal, £6 16s 6d Thomas Fear, corporal, £6 16s 6d John Love, corporal, £6 16s 6d James Mannings, corporal, £6 16s 6d Total for corporals, £40 19s 0d Carried forward, £3,616 1s 9½d Interpretations The corporal Thomas Smith of the Fourth Company did not die on 2 May 1775. He drew private's pay from 3 May 1775, so he was reduced to the ranks and swapped places with the private Michael Tooley. The death recorded that day belonged to the private of the same name in the First Company. James Molloy drew lieutenant's pay in the artillery from 11 June 1775, the day the Hampshire arrived with the Court's packet. On 12 June 1775 the Council had left the artillery vacancy open in case the Court chose to restore Robert Gillson. The Court had in fact already filled the post by sending out Molloy. The appointment settled Gillson's appeal against him without the Council having to rule on it.
220	213	1775 Brought Over £ 3616 . 1 . 9½ Bombardeirs Viz. James Campbell 6 . 16 . 6 Jn. Mc. Nabb 6 . 16 . 6 James Dawson 6 . 16 . 6 Robt. Cunningham 6 . 16 . 6 27 . 6 .. Gunners Viz. Richd. Waterhouse 6 . 1 . 4 Saml. Packer 6 . 1 . 4 Joseph Peale 6 . 1 . 4 Mark Balls 6 . 1 . 4 Thos. Ailsworth 6 . 1 . 4 John Blackwell 6 . 1 . 4 Wm. Hamilton 6 . 1 . 4 James Baird 6 . 1 . 4 Thos. Tilley 6 . 1 . 4 54 . 12 Drummers Viz. Joseph Branson 5 . 6 . 2 Peter Fox 5 . 6 . 2 10 . 12 . 4 Matrosses Viz. Wm. Allen 4 . 11 .. John Anderson 4 . 11 .. James Anderson 4 . 11 .. Chas. Abraham 4 . 11 .. Richd. Akers 4 . 11 .. Benjn. Burton 4 . 11 .. Joseph Bowman 4 . 11 .. John Barchard 4 . 11 .. Stephen Barrett 4 . 11 .. Thos. Bowen 4 . 11 .. Thos. Blake 4 . 11 .. John Cope 4 . 11 .. John Coleman 4 . 11 .. Mattw. Craven 4 . 11 .. John Corbett 4 . 11 .. Thos. Connell 4 . 11 .. John Clark 4 . 11 .. Isaac Clark 4 . 11 .. Anthy. Clark 4 . 11 .. Robt. Davidson 4 . 11 .. John Custon 4 . 11 .. Joseph Fellows Matrosses Carried Over £ 100 . 2 Carried Over £ 3708 . 12 . 1½ Margin Notes: 20	The list of the Artillery Company continued from the total of £3,616 1s 9½d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,616 1s 9½d Bombardiers James Campbell, bombardier, £6 16s 6d John McNabb, bombardier, £6 16s 6d James Dawson, bombardier, £6 16s 6d Robert Cunningham, bombardier, £6 16s 6d Total for bombardiers, £27 6s 0d Gunners Richard Waterhouse, gunner, £6 1s 4d Samuel Parker, gunner, £6 1s 4d Joseph Peele, gunner, £6 1s 4d Mark Balls, gunner, £6 1s 4d Thomas Allsworth, gunner, £6 1s 4d John Blackwell, gunner, £6 1s 4d William Hamilton, gunner, £6 1s 4d James Baird, gunner, £6 1s 4d Thomas Tiller, gunner, £6 1s 4d Total for gunners, £54 12s 0d Drummers Joseph Branson, drummer, £5 6s 2d Peter Fox, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £10 12s 4d Matrosses William Allen, matross, £4 11s 0d John Anderson, matross, £4 11s 0d James Anderson, matross, £4 11s 0d Charles Abraham, matross, £4 11s 0d Richard Achors, matross, £4 11s 0d Benjamin Burton, matross, £4 11s 0d Joseph Bowman, matross, £4 11s 0d John Burchard, matross, £4 11s 0d Stephen Barrett, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Bowen, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Blake, matross, £4 11s 0d John Cope, matross, £4 11s 0d John Coleman, matross, £4 11s 0d Matthew Craven, matross, £4 11s 0d John Corbett, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Connell, matross, £4 11s 0d John Clark, matross, £4 11s 0d Isaac Clark, matross, £4 11s 0d Anthony Clark, matross, £4 11s 0d Robert Davidson, matross, £4 11s 0d John Euston, matross, £4 11s 0d Joseph Fellows, matross, £4 11s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £100 2s 0d Carried forward, £3,708 12s 1½d Interpretations The bombardiers, gunners and drummers of the artillery served the whole quarter without a single change of rank. This was very different from the first quarter of 1775, when three demotions and a chain of promotions had reshaped the company. Every man promoted in February 1775 kept his place.
221	214	17th July Brought Over £ 3708 . 12 . 1½ Matrosses brought over £ 102 . 2 Joseph Tomlinson 4 . 11 .. Willm. Fairceff 4 . 11 .. Chris. Greenawald 4 . 11 .. Richard Gibbs 4 . 11 .. Chas. Guerson 4 . 11 .. Owen Howard 4 . 11 .. Mullins Hooper 4 . 11 Willm. Harrison 4 . 11 Maynard Hayes 4 . 11 Willm. Hurst 4 . 11 Willm. Holloway 4 . 11 John Hyde 4 . 11 James Judge 4 . 11 Thos. Jones 4 . 11 Edward Joyce 4 . 11 Mattw. Kernan 4 . 11 Simon Kernan 4 . 11 Jn. Leedham 4 . 11 John Lemmon 4 . 11 Willm. Long 4 . 11 Geo. Marshall 4 . 11 John Moore 4 . 11 John Mann 4 . 11 Evans Martin 4 . 11 Wm. Mc. Beth 4 . 11 Patk. Mc. Donald 4 . 11 Patk. Murphy 4 . 11 Richd. Morgan 4 . 11 Mattw. Mould 4 . 11 Richd. Mason from 11 June 1 .. Thos. Nimble 4 . 11 Richd. Pearce 4 . 11 John Packer 4 . 11 James Price 4 . 11 Geo Penton from 11 June 1 .. Wm. Robinson 4 . 11 Robt. Ryley 4 . 11 Charles Russel 4 . 11 Abm. Renew 4 . 11 Thos. Richardson 4 . 11 Matrosses Carried Over £ 275 .. Carried Over £ 3708 . 12 . 1½	The list of matrosses in the Artillery Company continued from a subtotal of £102 2s 0d, with the general total of £3,708 12s 1½d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,708 12s 1½d Matrosses brought forward, £102 2s 0d Joseph Fenlinson, matross, £4 11s 0d William Fancliff, matross, £4 11s 0d Christopher Greenawald, matross, £4 11s 0d Richard Gibbs, matross, £4 11s 0d Charles Grierson, matross, £4 11s 0d Owen Howard, matross, £4 11s 0d Mullis Hooper, matross, £4 11s 0d William Hannsen, matross, £4 11s 0d Maynard Hayes, matross, £4 11s 0d William Hurst, matross, £4 11s 0d William Holloway, matross, £4 11s 0d John Hyde, matross, £4 11s 0d James Judge, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Jones, matross, £4 11s 0d Edward Joyce, matross, £4 11s 0d Matthew Laggan, matross, £4 11s 0d Simon Kannan, matross, £4 11s 0d John Leedham, matross, £4 11s 0d John Lemmon, matross, £4 11s 0d William Long, matross, £4 11s 0d George Marshall, matross, £4 11s 0d John Moore, matross, £4 11s 0d John Mann, matross, £4 11s 0d Enos Martin, matross, £4 11s 0d William McBeth, matross, £4 11s 0d Patrick McDonald, matross, £4 11s 0d Patrick Murphy, matross, £4 11s 0d Richard Morgan, matross, £4 11s 0d Matthew Mould, matross, £4 11s 0d Richard Mason, matross, from 11 June 1775, £1 0s 0d Thomas Nimble, matross, £4 11s 0d Richard Pearce, matross, £4 11s 0d John Parker, matross, £4 11s 0d James Price, matross, £4 11s 0d George Pinton, matross, from 11 June 1775, £1 0s 0d William Robinson, matross, £4 11s 0d Robert Ryley, matross, £4 11s 0d Charles Russell, matross, £4 11s 0d Abraham Renew, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Richardson, matross, £4 11s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £275 0s 0d Carried forward, £3,708 12s 1½d Interpretations Matthew Mould, a private of the Third Company in the first quarter of 1775, now served as a matross for the whole quarter. The pay list of March 1775 had marked him as transferred on 31 March 1775, so he moved from the infantry to the artillery at the start of the quarter. The artillery paid a matross £4 11s 0d against £3 15s 10d for an infantry private, so the move brought him a rise of about a fifth. Richard Mason and George Pinton were two more of the recruits landed from the Hampshire on 11 June 1775.
222	215	1775 Brought Over £ 3708 . 12 . 1½ Matrosses brought over £ 275 Richard Rowlands James Renton 4 . 11 Wm. Smith Senr. 4 . 11 Wm. Smith Junr. 4 . 11 Richard Smith 4 . 11 Wm. Shore 4 . 11 Thos. Sabrey 4 . 11 Michl. Scully 4 . 11 Andrew Stark 4 . 11 Henry Sowerlander 4 . 11 Geo Street 4 . 11 John Thompson 4 . 11 John Willson 4 . 11 Samuel Wood 4 . 11 Robt. Wood 4 . 11 Wm. Weeden 4 . 11 John Wilkinson Senr. 4 . 11 John Wilkinson Junr. 4 . 11 Edward Ware 4 . 11 Wm. Weaver 4 . 11 Wm. West 4 . 11 Thos. Wallington 4 . 11 James Walter from 11 June 1 .. Wm. Gissing Fifer 4 . 11 Thos. Green to 15th May 2 . 5 Richard Speight 15 do. 2 . 5 385 . 2 . Pensioners Viz. Nathan Sample 13 . 15 . 11 Michl. Frost 13 . 15 . 11 Mary Beale 7 . 10 Eliz. Kennedy 7 . 10 Eliz. Powell 6 . 5 48 . 16 . 10 £ 4142 . 11 . 0½	The list of matrosses in the Artillery Company continued from a subtotal of £275 0s 0d, with the general total of £3,708 12s 1½d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,708 12s 1½d Matrosses brought forward, £275 0s 0d Richard Rowlands, matross, £4 11s 0d James Renton, matross, £4 11s 0d William Smith senior, matross, £4 11s 0d William Smith junior, matross, £4 11s 0d Richard Smith, matross, £4 11s 0d William Shore, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Sabey, matross, £4 11s 0d Michael Sculley, matross, £4 11s 0d Andrew Stark, matross, £4 11s 0d Henry Soulander, matross, £4 11s 0d George Street, matross, £4 11s 0d John Thompson, matross, £4 11s 0d John Willson, matross, £4 11s 0d Samuel Wood, matross, £4 11s 0d Robert Ward, matross, £4 11s 0d William Weeden, matross, £4 11s 0d John Wilkinson senior, matross, £4 11s 0d John Wilkinson junior, matross, £4 11s 0d Edward Ware, matross, £4 11s 0d William Weaver, matross, £4 11s 0d William West, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Wallington, matross, £4 11s 0d James Walter, matross, from 11 June 1775, £1 0s 0d William Gissing, fifer, £4 11s 0d Thomas Green, matross, to 15 May 1775, £2 5s 0d Richard Speight, matross, to 15 May 1775, £2 5s 0d Total for matrosses, £385 2s 0d Pensioners Nathan Sample, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Michael Frost, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Mary Beale, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Kennedy, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Powell, pensioner, £6 5s 0d Total for pensioners, £48 16s 10d Total pay for the quarter, £4,142 11s 0½d Interpretations A fifth pensioner, Elizabeth Powell, appeared on the list this quarter at £6 5s 0d. Her sum was below a full quarter's widow's pension of £7 10s 0d, so her pension probably began part of the way through the quarter. She was perhaps the widow of one of the soldiers who died in the first months of 1775. The quarter's pay came to £4,142 11s 0½d, almost exactly the same as the £4,132 13s 4½d of the first quarter. More than 30 men had left the garrison through death, discharge or transfer since April 1775. The recruits from the Hampshire and the promotions to fill each vacancy kept the total almost unchanged. The extra day in the quarter and the pay of the new lieutenants Knipe, Upton and Molloy made up the small rise.
223	216	17th July Dr. William Wrangham 1775 April 1 To Cash from the Chest £ 5359 . 11 . 3½ Carried Over £ 5359 . 11 . 3½	William Wrangham, as paymaster, was charged with the cash he drew from the Company's treasury chest for the quarter beginning 1 April 1775. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit 1 April 1775, cash received from the treasury chest, £5,359 11s 2½d Carried forward, £5,359 11s 2½d Interpretations Wrangham drew £5,359 11s 2½d for the second quarter, about £173 0s 0d more than the £5,186 9s 9½d he drew for the first. Wages for the garrison and the Company's servants were almost unchanged, so the extra cash would have gone to the other payments in his charge, such as labour on the new houses and storeroom and livestock bought from the islanders. The entry is dated 1 April 1775, the start of the quarter, but the cash was in practice drawn at its end to match what had already been paid out.
224	217	Paymaster Cr. 1775 April 1 By Cash paid Captain Broadley of Ship True Briton for the passage of Willm. Scottman, Wm. Waite and John Barber three Invalid Soldiers to England 15 .. By do. pd. Gabl. Harper for the following Viz. 5 Grown Sheep £ 5 . 15 2 Half Grown do. 1 . 11 . 6 2 Rams 2 . 6 1 Weather 1 . 1 . 10 . 13 . 6 By do. pd. Thomas Stroud Surgeon for Mutton found the Hospital more than the usual allowance 13 . 4 . By do. paid for receiving on Shore Goods landed from the following Ships Viz. Ship Europa £ .. 2 . 3 do. Bessborough 1 . 5 . do. British King .. 10 . do. Thames .. 8 . do. True Briton .. 16 . do. Ceres 1 . 5 . do. Osterly 13 . 18 . 18 . 4 . 3 By do. paid George Seale for the following Viz. 16380 Yams @ 2/6 pr. 100 £ 20 . 7 . 6 1150 do. @ 1/6 pr. do. .. 17 . 3 21 . 4 . 9 By do. paid the Widow Preston her allowance 5 . 4 By do. paid for destroying Rats and Mice for one Year 10 . 14 . 11 By do. paid for a Set of Turners Tools Lash 2 .. By do. paid James Proctor for Sewing 40 Days 3 .. By do. paid Captn. Jackson for the Passage of William Brooks and Samuel Kitson two Invalid Soldiers to England 10 .. By do. paid for Mowing in the Long Wood 1 . 1 . Carried Over £ 110 . 6 . 5	The credit side of the paymaster's account recorded his payments from 1 April 1775. Paymaster, credit 1 April 1775 onwards Captain Bradley of the True Briton, passage to England for three invalid soldiers, William Scotman, William Waite and John Barber, £15 0s 0d Gabriel Keeper, for livestock Grown sheep, 5, £5 15s 0d Half-grown sheep, 2, £1 11s 6d Rams, 2, £2 6s 0d Wether, 1, £1 1s 0d Total paid to Gabriel Keeper, £10 13s 6d Thomas Stroud, surgeon, for mutton supplied to the hospital beyond the usual allowance, £13 4s 0d Landing goods from the following ships Ship Europa, £0 2s 3d Ship Bessborough, £1 5s 0d Ship British King, £0 10s 0d Ship Thames, £0 8s 0d Ship True Briton, £0 16s 0d Ship Ceres, £1 5s 0d Ship Osterley, £13 18s 0d Total for landing goods, £18 4s 3d George Seale, for yams Yams, 16,380 at 2s 6d per 100, £20 7s 6d Yams, 1,150 at 1s 6d per 100, £0 17s 3d Total paid to George Seale, £21 4s 9d Widow Preston, her allowance, £5 4s 0d Destroying rats and mice for one year, £10 14s 11d Set of turners' tools, £2 0s 0d James Proctor, for sewing, 40 days, £3 0s 0d Captain Jackson, passage to England for two invalid soldiers, William Brooks and Samuel Hobson, £10 0s 0d Mowing at Longwood, £1 1s 0d Carried forward, £110 6s 5d Interpretations The payments explained several departures from the pay list. William Scotman, William Waite and John Barber, who left their companies on 14 April 1775, were invalids sent home on the True Briton, which sailed the next day. William Brooks, after 28 years' service, and Samuel Hobson went home as invalids on the Speke. The Company paid each ship's commander £5 0s 0d a head for the passage. A soldier unfit for duty was not simply discharged on the island. The Company bore the cost of getting him home, so that broken men would not be left to burden the parish. The cost of landing the Osterley's goods, £13 18s 0d, was far higher than for any other ship. This was the work Captain Fortescue had refused to pay for in April 1775. The Council's order of 24 April 1775 made him settle only the bill for the longboat crew. The rest of the landing cost, it appears, stayed on the Company's account. The Company paid a man to destroy rats and mice for a year at a time. Rats were a constant threat to the grain, flour and biscuit in the stores, and the Company found it cheaper to pay a rat-catcher than to bear the losses. George Seale supplied the yams that fed the slaves and the livestock. The two prices probably reflected two grades of yam, the cheaper perhaps for feeding animals.
225	218	17th July Dr. William Wrangham April 1 1775 To Cash Brought Over £ 5352 . 11 . 2½ Carried Over £ 5352 . 11 . 2½	The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster carried forward the cash he had drawn from the treasury chest, with no new entries. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit 1 April 1775, cash brought forward, £5,352 11s 2½d Carried forward, £5,352 11s 2½d
226	219	Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 110 . 6 . 5 By Cash paid John Whitchurch for 46 lb White Lead 1 . 3 .. By do. paid Mr. John Goodwin his Expences as Sheriff for Bailiffs &c. in the Year 1774 13 . 15 .. By do. paid the Clerk of the Peace for Drawing two Informations .. 11 .. By do. paid do. for Drawing two Receipts .. 10 .. By do. paid the Clerk of Arraignments & Cryer of the Court .. 12 . 6 By do. paid for making a Suit of Cloaths for the Cryer of the Court of Justice 1 . 2 .. By do. paid for 1½ Doz. of Crown Glasses for the Castle .. 13 . 6 By do. paid Captain Arthur of Ship Sea Horse for the Passage of John Tubb an Invalid Soldier to England 5 .. By do. paid Mrs. Mc. Allister Midwife for attending one of the Company's Black Women in her Lying in 1 .. By do. paid Thomas Hendcock for Assisting in the Hospital 2 . 10 .. By do. paid Mr. Benjn. Seale for Overseeing the Plantation 3 . 1 . 6 By do. paid Rent for a Shop for the Surgeon 5 .. By do. paid Thomas Dunn Surgeon of the Hampshire for his care of 14 Recruits in their Passage to this Island 3 . 10 .. By do. paid Franl. Meares for Baking 195 Batches of Bread for the Garrison 17 . 1 . 3 By do. paid Captain Trimbull of Ship Hampshire for necessarys Supplied the Recruits in their Passage to this Island 1 . 5 . 6 By do. paid rent for a Room to hold the Quarterly Sessions 3 .. By do. paid the Marshal & the Goaler for Punishments 1 . 6 . 3 By do. paid Thos. Yates Sexton for making Graves for 4 Deceased Soldiers .. 10 .. Carried Over £ 171 . 17 . 11	The paymaster's payments continued from the total of £110 6s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £110 6s 5d John Whitchurch, for white lead, 46 lb, £1 3s 0d John Goodwin, his expenses as sheriff for bailiffs and other costs in 1774, £13 15s 0d The clerk of the peace, for drawing up two informations, £0 11s 0d The clerk of the peace, for drawing up two receipts, £0 10s 0d The clerk of arraignments and the crier of the court, fees, £0 12s 6d Making a suit of clothes for the crier of the Court of Justice, £1 2s 0d Cider glasses for the Castle, 1½ dozen, £0 13s 6d Captain Arthur of the Sea Horse, passage to England for John Tubb, an invalid soldier, £5 0s 0d Mrs McAllister, midwife, for attending one of the Company's black women in childbirth, £1 0s 0d Thomas Hendrick, for helping at the hospital, £2 10s 0d Benjamin Seale, for overseeing the plantation, £3 1s 6d Rent of a shop for the surgeon, £5 0s 0d Thomas Dunn, surgeon of the Hampshire, for his care of 14 recruits on their voyage to the island, £3 10s 0d Francis Mears, for baking bread for the garrison, 195 batches, £17 1s 3d Captain Timbrell of the Hampshire, for necessaries supplied to the recruits on their voyage, £1 5s 6d Rent of a room for holding the quarterly courts, £3 0s 0d The marshal and gaoler, for punishments, £1 6s 3d Thomas Yates, sexton, for digging graves for 4 soldiers who had died, £0 10s 0d Carried forward, £171 17s 11d Interpretations John Tubb, who left the Third Company on 8 June 1775, was another invalid sent home, on the Sea Horse, at the usual £5 0s 0d a head. The Hampshire had brought out 14 recruits, matching the new men entered in every company and the artillery from 11 June 1775. Her surgeon was paid 5s a head for keeping them healthy on the voyage, and her commander was repaid for clothing and other necessaries he had supplied to them on the way. Francis Mears was paid for baking the garrison's bread. He was probably the sergeant Thomas Mears's relative, or the private Francis Mears of the Second Company, earning extra pay at the Company's bakehouse after John Young gave up his post as steward and overseer of the bakehouse. The tailored suit for the crier of the court completed the livery whose buttons, hat, serge and shalloon had been issued from the stores during the quarter.
227	220	17th July Dr. William Wrangham April 1 1775 To Cash Brought Over £ 5352 . 11 . 2½ Carried Over £ 5352 . 11 . 2½	The cash that William Wrangham had drawn from the treasury chest was again carried forward unchanged on the debit side of his account as paymaster. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit 1 April 1775, cash brought forward, £5,352 11s 2½d Carried forward, £5,352 11s 2½d
228	221	Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 171 . 17 . 11 By Cash paid the Lieu. Governor for Mutton 3 .. By do. paid Captain Williamson of Ship Pacifick for the Passage of Mrs. Payne and her two Children to England 15 .. By do. paid Nogueda Poccolum and Miss Tungee their allowance for Salt Provisions 6 . 11 By do. paid for the following Work at the New Houses Viz. 278 Days Masons @ 1/6 £ 20 . 17 427 do. Stone Blowers 1/6 32 .. 6 302 do. Carpenters 1/6 22 . 13 .. 93 do. Smiths 1/6 6 . 19 . 6 21 do. Sawyers 1/6 1 . 11 . 6 72 do. Overseers 2/ 7 . 4 .. 114 do. do. 1/6 8 . 11 .. 18 do. Painters 1/6 1 . 7 .. 15 do. Turners 1/6 1 . 2 . 6 2985 do. Labourers 1/ 149 . 5 .. 251 . 11 . By do. paid for the following Work making a Store Room Viz. 29 Days Masons @ 1/6 £ 2 . 3 . 6 54 do. Carpenters @ 1/6 4 . 1 .. 3 do. Overseers 2/ .. 6 .. 11 do. do. 1/6 .. 16 . 6 5 do. Sawyers 1/6 .. 7 . 6 4 do. Smiths 1/6 .. 6 .. 201 do. Labourers 1/ 10 . 1 .. 18 . 1 . 6 By do. paid for the following Work burning and bringing Lime Viz. 73 Days Overseers @ 1/6 £ 5 . 9 . 6 91 do. Lime Burner 1/6 6 . 16 . 6 74 do. Sailmakers 1/6 5 . 11 .. 19 do. Coxswains 1/6 1 . 8 . 6 467 do. Labourers 1/ 23 . 7 42 . 12 . 6 By do. paid 75 Days Smiths Work @ 1/6 Cleang. Small Arms 5 . 12 . 6 Carried Over £ 514 . 6 . 5	The paymaster's payments continued from the total of £171 17s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £171 17s 11d The Lieutenant Governor, for mutton, £3 0s 0d Captain Williamson of the Pacific, passage to England for Mrs Payne and her two children, £15 0s 0d Nocquedo, Porcolan and Massjunge, their allowance in place of salt provisions, £6 11s 0d Work at the new houses Masons, 278 days at 1s 6d a day, £20 17s 0d Stone blasters, 427 days at 1s 6d a day, £32 0s 6d Carpenters, 302 days at 1s 6d a day, £22 13s 0d Smiths, 93 days at 1s 6d a day, £6 19s 6d Sawyers, 21 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 11s 6d Overseers, 72 days at 2s a day, £7 4s 0d Overseers, 114 days at 1s 6d a day, £8 11s 0d Painters, 18 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 7s 0d Turners, 15 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 2s 6d Labourers, 2,985 days at 1s a day, £149 5s 0d Total for the new houses, £251 11s 0d Work building a storehouse Masons, 29 days at 1s 6d a day, £2 3s 6d Carpenters, 54 days at 1s 6d a day, £4 1s 0d Overseers, 3 days at 2s a day, £0 6s 0d Overseers, 11 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 16s 6d Sawyers, 5 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 7s 6d Smiths, 4 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 6s 0d Labourers, 201 days at 1s a day, £10 1s 0d Total for the storehouse, £18 1s 6d Work burning lime and bringing it in Overseers, 73 days at 1s 6d a day, £5 9s 6d Lime burners, 91 days at 1s 6d a day, £6 16s 6d Sailmakers, 74 days at 1s 6d a day, £5 11s 0d Boatmen, 19 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 8s 6d Labourers, 467 days at 1s a day, £23 7s 0d Total for the lime, £42 12s 6d Smiths, 75 days at 1s 6d a day, cleaning and repairing small arms, £5 12s 6d Carried forward, £514 6s 5d Interpretations Wages for the new houses rose to £251 11s 0d, more than three times the £76 0s 6d of the first quarter of 1775. Labourers worked 2,985 days and stone blasters 427 days, against 1,263 and 18 days before. The heavy blasting suggests that the builders had to cut deep into the rock for foundations, cellars or a level platform for the houses. Labour, not timber, was again the larger cost. The figures help to explain why Tippet reported the houses still unfinished on 10 July 1775. The Company paid £15 0s 0d for Mrs Payne and her two children to sail home on the Pacific. A passage for a woman and children was not a cost the Company normally bore. She was perhaps the widow of a soldier or Company servant, sent home at public expense because she had no means of her own on the island.
229	222	17th July Dr. William Wrangham April 1 1775 To Cash brought Over £ 5352 . 11 . 2½ Carried Over £ 5352 . 11 . 2½	The debit side of William Wrangham's paymaster's account recorded no new entries, and his cash from the treasury chest was carried forward at the same figure. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit 1 April 1775, cash brought forward, £5,352 11s 2½d Carried forward, £5,352 11s 2½d
230	223	Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 514 . 6 . 5 By Cash paid for the following Work repairing Boats Viz. 70 Days Carpenters @ 1/6 £ 5 . 5 .. 12½ do. Painters 1/6 .. 18 . 9 6 . 3 . 9 By do. paid for the following Work repairing the Governors and Lieu. Govrs. Houses Viz. 20 Days Carpenters @ 1/6 £ 1 . 10 .. 7 do. Painters 1/6 .. 10 . 6 2 do. Smiths 1/6 .. 3 .. 9 do. Masons 1/6 .. 13 . 6 296½ do. Labourers 1/ 14 . 16 . 3 17 . 13 . 3 By do. paid for 23 Days Painters Work @ 1/6 painting Gun Carriages 1 . 14 . 6 By do. paid for 78 Days Labourers Work at Lt. Govr. Garden in the Long Wood @ 1/ pr. Day 3 . 18 By do. paid for 347 Days Labourers Work in bringing Goods from the Crane at 1/ 17 . 7 . By do. paid 16 Expresses upon Alarms 4 .. By do. paid the following Discharged Men relisting to serve the Honble. Company five Years longer as Soldiers Subject to the Articles of War their respective times to Commence as follows Viz. John Bowler 28 March 1775 £ 10 Joseph Bowman 10 Mattw. Craven 10 Richd. Morgan 10 Richd. Pearce 10 John Wilkinson 10 Willm. Fairceff 10 Stephen Barrett 10 Henry Wood 10 John Hayage 10 Wm. Caleb Baldwin 10 James Dennis 10 Carried Over £ 120 .. Carried Over £ 565 . 2 . 11	The paymaster's payments continued from the total of £514 6s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £514 6s 5d Work repairing the boats Carpenters, 70 days at 1s 6d a day, £5 5s 0d Painters, 12½ days at 1s 6d a day, £0 18s 9d Total for the boats, £6 3s 9d Work repairing the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's houses Carpenters, 20 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 10s 0d Painters, 7 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 10s 6d Smiths, 2 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 3s 0d Masons, 9 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 13s 6d Labourers, 296¼ days at 1s a day, £14 16s 3d Total for the two houses, £17 13s 3d Painters, 23 days at 1s 6d a day, painting the gun carriages, £1 14s 6d Labourers, 78 days at 1s a day, at the Lieutenant Governor's garden at Longwood, £3 18s 0d Labourers, 347 days at 1s a day, bringing goods from the crane, £17 7s 0d Express messengers sent on alarms, 16, £4 0s 0d Bounty to discharged soldiers re-enlisting for five more years under the Articles of War John Bowler, from 28 March 1775, £10 0s 0d Joseph Bowman, £10 0s 0d Matthew Craven, £10 0s 0d Richard Morgan, £10 0s 0d Richard Pearce, £10 0s 0d John Wilkinson, £10 0s 0d William Fancliff, £10 0s 0d Stephen Barrett, £10 0s 0d Henry Wood, £10 0s 0d John Haynge, £10 0s 0d William Caleb Baldwin, £10 0s 0d James Dennis, £10 0s 0d Total bounty carried forward, £120 0s 0d Carried forward, £865 2s 11d Interpretations John Bowler re-enlisted on 28 March 1775 and died a month later, on 28 April 1775. His £10 0s 0d bounty was still paid in full. The Company honoured the bargain once the man had signed, so the money went to his estate. The Company paid for 78 days of labour at the Lieutenant Governor's garden at Longwood, alongside repairs to his house and the Governor's. The garden was Daniel Corneille's private one, yet its labour was charged to the Company like the Castle's candles and the fishermen's hooks. The cost was modest, but it was one more allowance in kind that came with the island's senior offices. Twelve more soldiers took the £10 0s 0d bounty this quarter, after the 22 who re-enlisted in March 1775. Most of the artillery's matrosses named here had signed on together five years before. The Company kept paying three times the recruit's bounty to hold seasoned men, at a cost of £120 0s 0d in a single quarter.
231	224	17th July Dr. William Wrangham April 1 1775 To Cash brought Over £ 5352 . 11 . 2½ £ 5352 . 11 . 2½	The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster closed with the cash from the treasury chest as its only entry. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit 1 April 1775, cash brought forward, £5,352 11s 2½d Total, £5,352 11s 2½d
232	225	Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 565 . 2 . 11 By Cash paid Relisted Men Brought Over £ 120 Robt. Downs 10 James Dawson 10 John Jacks 10 Jacob Hiram 10 Peter Mahan 10 John Lane 10 Maurice Downey 10 Wm. Shore 10 8 May 1775 John Mann 10 Robt. Ryley 10 Wm. Weeden 10 John Ellis 10 John Walters 10 Wm. Tucker 10 John Phare 10 John Howe 10 John Thompson 10 Wm. Hardie 10 John Arden 10 Joseph Branson 10 John Corbett 10 Thos. Bowen 10 Thos. Dawson 10 John Jones 10 Charles Smith 10 Thos. Ailsworth 10 Joseph Fellows 10 Mullins Hooper 10 Wm. Powell 10 Robt. Barff 10 9 May do. John Cope 10 24 do. do. Thos. Kilsch 10 Mark Balls 10 8 June do. 460 .. Carried Over £ 1025 . 2 . 11	The bounty for re-enlisting soldiers continued from the subtotal of £120 0s 0d, with the paymaster's total of £865 2s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £865 2s 11d Bounty for re-enlisting brought forward, £120 0s 0d Robert Downs, from 8 May 1775, £10 0s 0d James Dawson, from 8 May 1775, £10 0s 0d John Jacks, from 8 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Jacob Horam, from 8 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Peter Mahan, from 8 May 1775, £10 0s 0d John Lane, from 8 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Maurice Conney, from 8 May 1775, £10 0s 0d William Shore, from 8 May 1775, £10 0s 0d John Mann, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Robert Ryley, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d William Weeden, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d John Ellis, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d John Walters, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d William Tucker, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d John Phare, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d John Home, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d John Thompson, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d William Hawley, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d John Arden, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Joseph Branson, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d John Corbett, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Thomas Bowen, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Thomas Dawson, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d John Jones, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Charles Smith, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Thomas Allsworth, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Joseph Fellows, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Mullis Hooper, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d William Powell, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Robert Buff, from 9 May 1775, £10 0s 0d John Cope, from 24 May 1775, £10 0s 0d Thomas Hiscock, from 8 June 1775, £10 0s 0d Mark Balls, from 8 June 1775, £10 0s 0d Total bounty for re-enlisting, £460 0s 0d Carried forward, £1,325 2s 11d Interpretations The re-enlistments of 8 and 9 May 1775 fell on the same days that the Council granted discharges to Sergeant William Taylor and the privates whose terms had run out. A large draft of men had enlisted together five years earlier, and their terms all ended in the first days of May. Each man then faced the same choice: take his discharge and wait for a ship home, or take £10 0s 0d and serve five more years. Most chose to stay. Taken with the 22 men paid in March 1775, the Company spent £680 0s 0d on re-enlistment bounties in six months. The outlay kept nearly all of a trained garrison on the island without the cost and delay of shipping out raw recruits.
233	226	17th July Dr. William Wrangham April 1 1775 To Cash brought Over £ 5352 . 11 . 2½ Carried Over £ 5352 . 11 . 2½	The cash drawn from the treasury chest stood unchanged on the debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster and was carried forward again. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit 1 April 1775, cash brought forward, £5,352 11s 2½d Carried forward, £5,352 11s 2½d
234	227	Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 1025 . 2 . 11 By Cash paid Samuel Warren forty Shillings who engaged to relist as a Soldier but since Died 2 .. By Cash paid for the following for the use of the Govr. Table Viz. 24 Bottles Olives £ 4 . 4 5 lb Almonds 1 .. 1 Cask Biscuit 3 . 3 .. 14 Hams 15 . 6 . 3 10 Cheeses 8 . 9 . 8 10 Firkins Butter 35 6 Jars Pickles 2 . 11 . 6 2 Case do. 3 . 4 4 Pine Cheeses 1 . 16 . 4 1 Cask Currants 5 . 11 . 9 4 Jars Raisins 5 .. 3 Loaves Sugar 2 . 3 1 Cask Pickle Herrings 1 .. 1 4 do. Tongues .. 11 .. 1 Case do. 3 . 10 18 Pots Mince Meat 5 . 8 18 Bottles Mustard 2 . 14 8 Pots Preserves 1 .. 7 1 Kit Salmon 1 .. 1 20 lb Dry'd Fruit .. 6 . 8 2 Jars & 8 Pots Sweetmeats 4 . 16 200 Mangoes 1 . 13 . 4 6 Pots Gooseberrys .. 12 .. 6 do. Damsons .. 12 5 do. Plumbs .. 10 1 do. Currants .. 3 .. 6 do. Cranberrys .. 18 .. ½ lb Nutmegs .. 2 . 3 100 Apples .. 8 . 9 lb Onions .. 4 . 6 1 Bushel Oatmeal .. 14 .. Carried Over £ 124 . 10 . 3 Carried Over £ 1027 . 2 . 11	The paymaster's payments continued from the total of £1,325 2s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,325 2s 11d Samuel Warren, who had agreed to re-enlist as a soldier but has since died, £2 0s 0d Provisions for the Governor's table Olives, 24 bottles, £4 4s 0d Almonds, 5 lb, £1 0s 0d Biscuit, 1 cask, £3 3s 0d Hams, 14, £15 6s 3d Cheeses, 10, £8 9s 8d Butter, 10 firkins, £35 0s 0d Pickles, 6 jars, £2 11s 6d Pickles, 2 cases, £3 4s 0d Pine cheeses, 4, £1 16s 4d Currants, 1 cask, £5 11s 9d Raisins, 4 jars, £5 0s 0d Loaf sugar, 3 loaves, £2 3s 0d Pickled herrings, 1 cask, £1 1s 0d Tongues, 4 casks, £0 11s 0d Tongues, 1 case, £3 10s 0d Mincemeat, 18 pots, £5 3s 0d Mustard, 18 bottles, £2 14s 0d Preserves, 8 pots, £1 7s 0d Salmon, 1 keg, £1 1s 0d Dried fruit, 20 lb, £0 6s 8d Sweetmeats, 2 jars and 8 pots, £4 16s 0d Mangoes, 200, £1 13s 4d Gooseberries, 6 bottles, £0 12s 0d Damsons, 6 bottles, £0 12s 0d Plums, 5 bottles, £0 10s 0d Currants, 1 bottle, £0 3s 0d Cranberries, 6 bottles, £0 18s 0d Nutmegs, ½ lb, £0 2s 3d Apples, 100, £0 8s 0d Onions, 9 lb, £0 4s 6d Oatmeal, 1 bushel, £0 14s 0d Provisions carried forward, £124 10s 3d Carried forward, £1,327 2s 11d Interpretations Sergeant Samuel Warren had agreed to re-enlist but died on 22 May 1775 before his new term began. As with the private James Brown in the first quarter, the Company paid his estate 40s of the bounty instead of the full £10 0s 0d. The Governor's table drew on a wide range of preserved foods bought from the ships. Butter came in firkins, small casks of about 56 lb packed in salt, and at £35 0s 0d it was the largest single item. The island kept few dairy cows, and salted Irish butter shipped from England was the usual supply. Bottled gooseberries, damsons and cranberries came out from England, while the 200 mangoes were probably pickled mangoes from India. Pine cheeses were English cheeses moulded in the shape of a pineapple, a fashionable form at the time. Together the list shows the Castle setting an English table at the Company's expense, with fruit and luxuries that islanders could seldom buy.
235	228	17th July Dr. William Wrangham To Cash brought Over £ 5352 . 11 . 2½ £ 5352 . 11 . 2½	William Wrangham's account as paymaster closed on the debit side with the cash from the treasury chest as its only entry. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit Cash brought forward, £5,352 11s 2½d Total, £5,352 11s 2½d
236	229	1775 Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 1027 . 2 . 11 By Cash paid for the Govr. Table brought Over £ 124 . 10 . 3 54 Fowls 4 . 1 .. 6 Turkeys 1 . 10 .. 36 Doz. Eggs 2 . 14 .. 58 lb Pork 1 .. 9 513½ lb Beef 12 . 5 . 9 122½ Turtle 2 . 11 .. 21 Pigs 5 . 5 .. 5 Gallons Brandy 1 . 11 . 10 6 do. Gin 1 . 14 . 6 6 do. Rum 1 . 14 . 6 2 Doz. Port Wine 3 .. 162 . 6 . 4 By do. paid the Society for 41 Leaguers 20 . 10 .. 1209 . 19 . 3 Amount of Pay Account 4142 . 11 . 11½ £ 5352 . 11 . 2½ Island St. Helena 30th June 1775 Errors Excepted (Signed) William Wrangham Paymaster Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of June last which is as follows Viz.	The provisions for the Governor's table continued from the subtotal of £124 10s 3d, with the paymaster's total of £1,327 2s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,327 2s 11d Provisions for the Governor's table brought forward, £124 10s 3d Fowls, 54, £4 1s 0d Turkeys, 6, £1 10s 0d Eggs, 36 dozen, £2 14s 0d Pork, 58 lb, £1 9s 0d Beef, 513½ lb, £12 5s 2d Turtle, 122½ lb, £2 11s 0d Pigs, 21, £5 5s 0d Brandy, 5 gallons, £1 11s 10d Gin, 6 gallons, £1 14s 6d Rum, 6 gallons, £1 14s 6d Port wine, 2 dozen bottles, £3 0s 0d Total for the Governor's table, £162 6s 4d The society, for 41 leaguers, £20 10s 0d Total of payments, £1,209 19s 3d Amount of the pay list, £4,142 11s 11½d Total, £5,352 11s 2½d William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena on 30 June 1775, subject to correction of any errors. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for June 1775. Interpretations Provisions for the Governor's table cost £162 6s 4d this quarter, against £58 5s 0d in the first quarter of 1775. Most of the rise came from the English stores bought from the season's ships, such as butter, hams and cheese, which were laid in once a year. The table also had to entertain Captain Cook and the officers of the Resolution in May 1775, along with the commanders and leading passengers of the ships from India and China. The payment of 10s a leaguer to the society that held the island's spirit trade was probably a fee for gauging or storing the Company's own arrack. The 41 leaguers came to more than 5,000 gallons, landed from the season's ships. Handling it through the society's cellar kept every gallon of spirit on the island under the same control.
237	230	17th July Cash Dr. 1775 June 1 To Balance remaining £ 11453 . 2 . 5½ 8 To Exchange for four Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable as follows Viz. One Set to Matthew Purling Esqr. £ 932 . 2 . 3 do. do. to Captn. Nichl. Skottowe 650 .. do. do. to Messrs. Burgess and Pollard 550 .. do. do. to Mr. Judith Tibbet 100 .. 2232 . 2 . 3 To Ship Sea Horse 7 . 17 . 3 26 To Rents Received of William Wrangham for the Renewal of two Nominees 1 .. 30 To Jonathan Doveton received of him for Stores Sold in the Quarter ending this day 2129 .. .. To Plantation for Provisions Sold 57 . 8 . 9½ To Licences To Customs received on 806 Gallons Arrack 10 . 1 . 6 £ 15902 . 2 . 3	The debit side of the Company's cash account for June 1775 recorded the money received. Cash, debit 1 June 1775, balance remaining, £11,453 2s 5½d 8 June 1775, exchange for four sets of bills on the Court of Directors Set payable to Matthew Purling, £932 2s 3d Set payable to Captain Nicholas Skottowe, £650 0s 0d Set payable to Burgess and Pallard, £550 0s 0d Set payable to Mrs Judith Tibbet, £100 0s 0d Total for the four sets, £2,232 2s 3d 8 June 1775, ship Sea Horse, £7 17s 3d 26 June 1775, rent received from William Wrangham for renewing two names on a lease, £1 0s 0d 30 June 1775, Jonathan Doveton, for stores sold in the quarter ending that day, £2,129 0s 0d 30 June 1775, the plantation, for provisions sold, £57 8s 9½d 30 June 1775, licences, no sum entered 30 June 1775, customs duty on 806 gallons of arrack, £10 1s 6d Total, £15,902 2s 3d Interpretations The £1 0s 0d from Wrangham was the fee the Council set on 26 June 1775 for putting the names of John and Emelia Wrangham into the Alcock lease, at half a year's rent for each new name. Such small renewal fees were a steady source of income from the Company's land, recorded in the cash account the moment they were paid. Customs on arrack brought in only £10 1s 6d this quarter, on 806 gallons, against £43 19s 3d on 3,517 gallons in the first quarter of 1775. Private imports of spirit came mostly with the ships from India in the early months of the year. They fell away in the winter, when fewer vessels called. The plantation earned £57 8s 9½d from provisions sold, against £7 12s 5d in the first quarter. The rebuilt flock and herd were now producing a surplus of meat and other produce that could be sold to islanders and passing ships.
238	231	1775 Per Contra Cr. 1775 June 30 By Sundry Accounts Advanced the Paymaster to pay Salary's &c. in the Quarter ending this day 5352 . 11 . 2½ By Balance remaining Viz. In Specie 10009 . 16 . ½ In Cash Notes 539 . 15 .. 10549 . 11 . ½ £ 15902 . 2 . 3 John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The credit side of the Company's cash account for June 1775 recorded the payment to the paymaster and the balance left at the end of the month. Cash, credit 30 June 1775, advanced to the paymaster for salaries and other payments in the quarter ending that day, £5,352 11s 2½d 30 June 1775, balance remaining in coin, £10,009 16s 0½d 30 June 1775, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £10,549 11s 0½d Total, £15,902 2s 3d Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the account. Interpretations The chest ended the quarter with £10,549 11s 0½d, against £9,603 4s 9½d at the end of March 1775, even after the paymaster drew more than £5,350 0s 0d. Bills of exchange sold to the Governor, the councillors, ships' officers and others had brought in more than £3,500 0s 0d of coin during the quarter, and the storekeeper's sales another £2,129 0s 0d. Between them they more than covered the garrison's pay. The island's cash came almost wholly from these two sources: the private fortunes of its officials and visitors, turned into Company bills, and the profit on goods sold from the warehouses. The cash notes stood at £539 15s 0d for the fourth month running.
239	232	22nd July At a Consultation held on Saturday the 22nd day of July 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. Wm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 17 July 1775. Yesterday William Stedman Private. Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ship York to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows Viz. Muster Roll of Ship York Geo. Hayter Commander Jno. Lucas 1 Mate John Conner 2 do. Joseph Hustard 4 do. Christ. Sampson 5 do. Stephen Matthews Surgeon Matthew Black Gunner James Coats Boatswain Jno. Dunlop Carpenter Thos. Tapstrak Capt. Stew. David Matthew Cr. Cook Robt. Heale Mid and Cox. Charles Wayne Midshipn. John Wilkinson do. Wm. Freeman do. Wm. Wagerman 2 Master Jno. Johnson do. John Foster 2 Master Wm. Baxter Gunr. Mate Jno. Simes Carpt. 1 do. Wm. Dixon do. 2 do. Jno. Smith Cooper Wm. Wallace do. Mate Joseph Bond Caulker Jno. Roper do. Mate David Mitchell Baker Wm. Collis Ships Cook Saml. Uler Boat. 1 Mate John Crafford do. 2 do. Thos. Gillo Butcher Robt. Bruce Seaman Wm. Price Archd. Livinston John Patton Wm. Sidney Seaman Jno. Watson Wm. Brown Wm. Minnors John Pringle Jno. Williams John Wiggs John Williams John Powell Josh. Rowland Thos. Taylor Thos. Morris Josh. Usher Willm. Fowler Willm. Black Saml. Styles Jno. Dowse	The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 22 July 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 17 July 1775. William Stedman, a private, died on Friday 21 July 1775. William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the York to muster her crew and to search for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll followed. Muster roll of the ship York George Hayter, commander James Lucas, first mate John Conner, second mate Joseph Hudson, fourth mate Christopher Sampson, fifth mate Stephen Matthews, surgeon Matthew Clark, gunner James Coats, boatswain James Dunlop, carpenter Thomas [...], captain's steward David Matthews, captain's cook Robert Scale, midshipman and coxswain Charles Wayne, midshipman John Wilkinson, midshipman William Turner, midshipman William Waymore, quartermaster James Johnson, quartermaster John Foster, quartermaster William Proctor, gunner's mate James Arnot, carpenter's first mate William Bowen, carpenter's second mate James Smith, cooper William Wallace, cooper's mate Griffith Bond, caulker James Raper, caulker's mate David Mitchell, baker William Collins, ship's cook Samuel Miller, boatswain's first mate John Crafford, boatswain's second mate Thomas Geller, butcher Thomas Brace, seaman William Pace, seaman Archibald Lewiston, seaman John Patton, seaman William Sidney, seaman James Warburton, seaman William Brown, seaman William Minnart, seaman John Pringle, seaman James Williams, seaman John Wiggs, seaman John Williams, seaman John Powell, seaman Joseph Rowland, seaman Thomas Taylor, seaman Thomas Morris, seaman Joseph Usher, seaman William Fowler, seaman William Black, seaman Samuel Styles, seaman James Drown, seaman
240	233	1775 Wm. Pickiss Seaman Joseph Fear Wm. Buchells Wm. Abbott John Hind Geo Coventry Charles Gallisse John Robertson Hugh Ridley John Matthewson Wm. Bowers Henry Watts John Hale Joseph Sheen Seaman Henry Hyatt Moses Brown John Grason Franl. Smith John Moore James Donaldson Mattw. Cove Alexd. Johnson Wm. Hart Thomas Williamson Charles Weston Wm. Mc. Donald John King Seaman John Peer Thos. Wale James Dermott John Selabone John Callow John Twadall Peter Black John Elliot Isaac Smith Edmund Erott Richd. Elliott Jno. Durrel Passengers Joseph Champion Mr. Johnston Mattw. Burgoing Thos. Jones Four Servants (Signed) Geo. Hayter We this Day received the following Letter from Mr. Thomas Stroud Viz. To John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council of St. Helena. Worsh. Sir & Sirs As the Honble. Court of Directors have thought proper this Year to Order the Surgeon's Mate the liberty of Private Practice, which before was always confin'd to the head Surgeons my Predecessors, and understanding on that Account, so small a difference was made in the Salarys, and that in Consequence of the above liberty given, my Emoluments may be diminished, therefore hope on that Consideration,	The muster roll of the York continued with the rest of her crew and her passengers, and her commander, George Hayter, signed it. William Pickess, seaman Joseph Fear, seaman William Buchells, seaman William Abbott, seaman John Hind, seaman George Coventry, seaman Charles Gallese, seaman John Robertson, seaman Hugh Kidley, seaman John Matthews, seaman William Mouser, seaman Henry Watts, seaman John Hale, seaman Joseph Steen, seaman Henry Hyatt, seaman Morris Brown, seaman John Deason, seaman Francis Smith, seaman John Moore, seaman James Donaldson, seaman Matthew Cue, seaman Albert Johnson, seaman William Hart, seaman Thomas Williamson, seaman Charles Hilton, seaman William McDonald, seaman John King, seaman John Pew, seaman Thomas Wale, seaman James Pennset, seaman John Solabene, seaman John Callow, seaman John Tweddall, seaman Peter Black, seaman John Elliot, seaman James Smith, seaman Edmund Scott, seaman Richard Elliott, seaman James [...], seaman Passengers Joseph Champion Mrs Johnston Matthew Bunting Thomas Fones Four servants The Council received a letter from Thomas Stroud, the surgeon, addressed to Governor Skottowe and the Council. Stroud noted that the Court of Directors had that year ordered that the assistant surgeon be allowed to take private patients. Until then private practice had been reserved for the head surgeon, as it had been for Stroud's predecessors. The salaries of the two posts had been set on that understanding, with a wide gap between them. Stroud expected his own earnings to fall now that his assistant could take private patients. He therefore hoped that, in view of this [continues]. Interpretations The head surgeon's salary of £19 15s 0d a quarter was low because the post carried the sole right to treat the island's settlers and officials for private fees. Those fees made up much of the surgeon's real income. The Court's order of 1775 let the new assistant surgeon, David Kay, compete for the same patients. Stroud's loss would be a loss of fees, not of salary, so he was asking the Council to make up the difference out of the Company's funds.
241	234	22nd July and the great expence attending an encreasing Family The Honble. Court of Directors will be pleased to increase my Salary, to make it equal to their other Servants here, at the Heads of their Offices, what further I beg to hope will be a consideration in my Favour is that it is now more than fourteen Years since I was first in a Ship, in the Service of the Honble. Company, having before my appointment been three Voyages. The first in the Boscawen of four Years, attended with many difficultys, and Dangers, hoping that this my Petition from my Conduct here will meet with your approbation and favour for its Success, request you will be pleased to transmit it to the Honble. Court of Directors. I remain Worshl. Sir and Sirs Your most Obedient Servant (Signed) Thos. Stroud Surgeon Mrs. Elizabeth Caldwell this day presented the following Petition Viz. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor and Council. The humble Petition of the Widow Caldwell Sheweth That your Petitioner, understanding the Military Fund Established by the late Lord Clive descends in part to the Widows of such Officers, as die in the Honble. Company's Service, for their Children's Support, begs leave to represent to Yr. Worship and the other Gentlemen of Council that, as She is in the above predicament, you'll vouchsafe to recommend her Case to the Honble. the Court of Directors, that they may please to put her on the List of Annuitants on that Establishment. Your Petitioner is the more forcibly impelled in this her humble Supplication to you, as her Circumstances, the burthen of	Stroud went on to say that he hoped the Court of Directors would raise his salary in view of the loss and the growing cost of his young family. He asked that his pay be brought level with that of the other heads of department on the island. He also pointed out that he had first gone to sea in the Company's service more than 14 years earlier. Before his appointment to St Helena he had made three voyages, the first of them a four-year voyage in the Boscawen that had brought many hardships and dangers. He hoped his conduct on the island would earn the Council's approval and support for his petition, and asked it to forward the letter to the Court of Directors. Thomas Stroud signed the letter as surgeon. Elizabeth Caldwell, a widow, presented a petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council. She understood that the military fund set up by the late Lord Clive was meant in part to support the widows of officers who had died in the Company's service. She asked the Council to recommend her case to the Court of Directors, so that she might be placed on the list of those receiving an annuity from the fund. She added that her circumstances made her appeal all the more pressing [continues]. Interpretations Lord Clive's fund was an endowment for the Company's soldiers. In 1766 the Nawab of Bengal left Clive a legacy of about £70,000 0s 0d. Clive gave it to the Company in 1770 to provide pensions for officers and soldiers disabled in its service and for the widows of those who died in it. The fund was paid from London. A widow on St Helena could reach it only through a recommendation from the Council to the Court of Directors, which made the Council's backing the gatekeeper to the pension.
242	235	1775 of young Children and the improvident Situation she was left in render it so much the more necessary. May it therefore please your Worship to take her case into consideration, and she will ever pray &c. St. Helena 22 July 1775 We this day granted the following Sets of Bills Viz. One Set to the Attorneys of Matthew Purling Esqr. for forty pounds and eleven pence, payable to himself (or Order) One Set to Captain George Hayter for four hundred and fifty pounds, payable to himself (or Order) One Set to Mr. William Wrangham for four hundred and twenty three pounds fifteen shillings, payable to Captain Thos. Riddell (or Order) One Set to the Reverend Mr. Robartes Carr for one hundred pounds, payable to Captain Robert Carr (or Order) And One Set to Thomas Cole for forty pounds payable to Mr. James Baldwin (or Order) all Drawn at Ninety Days Sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Elizabeth Caldwell explained that she had several young children and that her husband had left her poorly provided for, which made the pension all the more necessary. She asked the Council to consider her case. The petition was dated at St Helena on 22 July 1775. The Council granted the following sets of bills of exchange, all payable at 90 days' sight. Bills of exchange granted, 22 July 1775 The attorneys of Matthew Purling, payable to Purling himself or his order, £40 0s 11d Captain George Hayter, payable to himself or his order, £450 0s 0d William Wrangham, payable to Captain Thomas Riddell or his order, £423 15s 0d The Reverend Robartes Carr, payable to Captain Robert Carr or his order, £100 0s 0d Thomas Cole, payable to James Baldwin or his order, £40 0s 0d Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The Council recorded both Stroud's letter and Caldwell's petition in full but gave no decision on either. Neither request lay within its power. Only the Court of Directors could raise a salary or grant a pension from Lord Clive's fund. Entering the documents in the minutes, which went to London with the next ship, was itself the way of forwarding them to the Court. William Wrangham sent home another £423 15s 0d, his third large remittance since June 1775. Together with the £550 0s 0d of 8 June and the £505 15s 0d of 8 July 1775, he had now sent nearly £1,500 0s 0d to England in seven weeks. This was more than five years of his combined pay from all his posts on the island, which shows how much the officials earned from private trade and livestock sales in the busy season.
243	236	24th July At a Consultation held on Monday the 24 Day of July 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 22 July 1775. Saturday passed by a Ship a great Distance. Yesterday Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship York for England. John Young the Honble. Company's Steward having Petitioned on Monday last to resign their Service Which We granted. We have this Day Entertained in his stead George Lambe a Young Man who understands Accounts very well and strongly recommended as a proper Man to fill that Employ. Mr. John Robinson the Honorable Company's Carpenter this Day made Complaint that Mr. Richard Mason had accused him of being a Rogue in conniving at his People Stealing two Hogs of one Willm. Beale, likewise for threatening to Cane him. The Partys being called before Us and Robinson having proved that what Mr. Mason had alledged was false We fined the said Richard Mason the Sum of three pounds to be paid into the Honble. Company's Cash. Frances Meares Private this Day Petitioned for his Discharge from the Garrison having served the Honble. Company his Contracted time. Granted. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 24 July 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 22 July 1775. A ship passed the island at a great distance on Saturday 22 July 1775. The Company's ship York sailed for England on Sunday 23 July 1775. John Young, the Company's steward, had asked on 17 July 1775 to leave the service, and the Council had agreed. In his place the Council now took on George Lambe, a young man who understood accounts very well and came strongly recommended for the post. John Robinson, the Company's carpenter, complained that Richard Mason had accused him of being a rogue. Mason had claimed that Robinson allowed his workmen to steal two hogs belonging to William Beale, and had also threatened to beat him with a cane. The Council called both men before it. Robinson proved that Mason's charge was false, and the Council fined Mason £3 0s 0d, to be paid into the Company's treasury. Francis Mears, a private, asked to be discharged from the garrison, having served the Company for the full term he had signed for. The Council granted his request. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The Council fined Mason and paid the money into the Company's treasury instead of awarding it to Robinson as damages. A false charge of theft against the Company's own carpenter was treated as an offence against the island's order, not merely a private wrong. It touched the honesty of a Company servant in charge of men and materials. A public penalty showed that the Council would protect its servants from slander, and it did so without the cost of a formal trial. The Council chose George Lambe for his skill with accounts, not for any experience as a steward. The steward kept the Castle's household and the bakehouse, and handled a steady flow of stores. A man able to keep exact books was more valuable there than one who merely knew how to run a kitchen.
244	237	31st July At a Consultation held on Monday the 31 Day of July 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed, dated the 24 Day of July 1775. On Wednesday the 26 Instant there was a General Field Day on the Parade of the Officers, Non Commissioned Officers and Private Men of this Garrison. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 31 July 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 24 July 1775. A general field day for the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of the garrison was held on the parade on Wednesday 26 July 1775. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry.
245	238	7th August At a Consultation held on Monday the 7 Day of August 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 31 July 1775. We this day received the following Letter from the Inhabitants Viz. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Governor & Council of St. Helena. Agreeable to Notice given Us by the Church Wardens on Monday last, to assemble this day in Vestry to consider of a better Method for the future disposal of Live Cattle Supplyed the Shipping, That, which has been hitherto practiced being judged irregular, and Vague, and not satisfactory to either Party as it was merely guess work. In Consequence of which We the Inhabitants Assembled in Vestry, have agreed upon the following Scheme; having weighed several Cattle alive, and immediately Slaughtering them, found the Gross to exceed the Nett Weight in a proportion of 16 to 9 nearly, which upon a Calculation We find will bring the Gross Weight about 3½d. pr. lb according to the Established price. But as We have found upon Tryal (the Nature of the thing not admit of an absolute certainty) that several of the Cattle have exceeded the 3½d. pr. lb as here calculated, And likewise there being a disadvantage in Weighing them alive by the Steel Yards not coming nearer than 7 lb which is of course against the seller, also an extraordinary expence given to the Clerk of the Market for seeing the said Weights taken, We are of Opinion that 3½d. pr. lb will not be unreasonable.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 7 August 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 31 July 1775. The Council received a letter from the island's inhabitants, addressed to Governor Skottowe and the Council. The churchwardens had given notice the previous Monday for the inhabitants to meet that day in the vestry. They were to agree a better way of selling live cattle to the shipping. The existing practice was thought irregular and imprecise, and satisfied neither buyer nor seller, since the price rested on guesswork. The inhabitants had met in the vestry and agreed on a new scheme. They had weighed several cattle alive and then slaughtered them at once. They found that the live weight exceeded the weight of meat in a proportion of about 16 to 9. On that basis, a calculation from the established price came to about 3½d a pound of live weight. Trials showed that the meat from several beasts was worth more than 3½d a pound by this reckoning, though the nature of the matter allowed no exact certainty. Weighing live cattle on the steelyards could also be no more precise than to the nearest 7 lb, which told against the seller. There was also the extra fee paid to the clerk of the market for overseeing the weighing. The inhabitants therefore judged that 3½d a pound would not be unreasonable [continues]. Interpretations The inhabitants proposed to sell ships' cattle by live weight instead of by the buyer's and seller's guess. A beast sold by eye led to constant disputes, because a ship's purser and an island farmer could differ widely on how much meat it held. Weighing on the steelyard gave a figure both sides could see. The ratio of 16 to 9 converted the established price of about 6d a pound for meat into a matching price for the living animal, so a ship paid for the meat it would receive and not for hide, bone and offal. The inhabitants framed the proposal through the churchwardens and the vestry, the parish's own machinery. Cattle sales to the ships were the islanders' chief source of cash, and a fair, agreed system protected that income. Putting the scheme to the Council for approval gave it the force of a public rule.
246	239	1775 We therefore beg that Your Worship and Council will be pleased to take the above into your consideration, and fix the price, as to you will seem most equitable. (Signed) Jonn. Doveton Thos. Bazett Church Wardens In Consequence of which We Ordered the following Advertisement to be Published. Island St. Helena 7 August 1775. Whereas the Inhabitants this Day in Vestry Assembled, have taken into consideration the very vague Method hitherto practiced of disposing of live Cattle to the Shipping the same often occasioning disagreable altercations betwixt the Buyer and Seller to remedy which they have proposed to Weigh the said Cattle in future, and to Charge the Gross Weight at three pence half penny pr. pound instead of five pence for the Nett Weight and Offal at three pence pr. pound the Established price. The Governor and Council having taken the said proposal into consideration and finding that the Calculation of three pence half penny pr. pound for the Gross Weight, with the Additional Expences constantly attending this regulation, comes as near the former Established price as possible and further that the same will avoid those disagreable reflections that have been thrown upon the Inhabitants by the former Vague Method. We therefore Order that all Cattle that shall in future be Sold alive to the Shipping be Weighed and the Gross Weight to Charge at three pence halfpenny pr. pound and the Seller to pay the Clerk of the Market one shilling and three pence pr. Head for seeing the said Cattle Weighed. Per Order of Council (Signed) B. Wright Secy. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The inhabitants asked the Governor and Council to consider the scheme and to fix whatever price seemed most fair. Jonathan Doveton and Thomas Bazett signed the letter as churchwardens. The Council ordered the following notice to be published, dated 7 August 1775. The inhabitants had met in the vestry to consider the loose way in which live cattle had been sold to the ships. The practice often led to bitter disputes between buyers and sellers. To end them, the inhabitants proposed to weigh the cattle in future and charge 3½d a pound on the live weight. This would replace the established price of 5d a pound for the meat and 3d a pound for the offal. The Governor and Council had considered the proposal. They found that 3½d a pound on the live weight, together with the extra costs that weighing always involved, came as close as possible to the old established price. The new method would also spare the inhabitants the unpleasant charges that the old guesswork had brought on them. The Council therefore ordered that all cattle sold alive to the ships be weighed and charged at 3½d a pound on the live weight. The seller was to pay the clerk of the market 1s 3d a head for overseeing the weighing. Britannicus Wright signed the notice as secretary by order of the Council, and Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The old price had been set on the dressed carcass at 5d a pound for meat and 3d for offal. That weight could only be known after slaughter, so a live beast sold to a ship had to be priced by guessing what it would yield. Ships' pursers often accused the islanders of overcharging, and the Council's notice referred to the unpleasant charges that this had brought on the inhabitants. Weighing the living animal on public scales before sale gave a figure that neither side could dispute. The Council made the seller pay the clerk of the market's fee. The reform had come from the islanders themselves, and it protected their reputation with the Company's commanders, on whose custom the island's farmers depended. Placing the small cost on the seller kept the price to the ships fixed at a round 3½d a pound.
247	240	14th August At a Consultation held on Monday the 14 Day of August 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 7 August 1775. The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of July last were this Day laid before Us, which were Examined, approved of and are as follows Viz. Artillery Stores expended in July 1775 Guns Fired, 9 lbs., 6 lbs., 4 lbs., 3 lbs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz 9 Departed the Hampshire: Guns Fired 9, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 10 To Salute Colonel Champion going on Board: Guns Fired 13, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 9, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 19, Powder Expended oz 8 Departed the Pacifick and Bute: Guns Fired 18, 9 lbs. 8, 6 lbs. 10, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 27, Powder Expended oz 0 12 An Alarm: Guns Fired 6, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the York: Guns Fired 9, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 22 An Alarm for a Ship passed by: Guns Fired 6, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 23 Departed the York: Guns Fired 9, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 For a General Field Day: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 135, Powder Expended oz 0 Practice in Ruperts Valley: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 187, Powder Expended oz 8 For Sundry Services, Stone Blowg. &c.: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 397, Powder Expended oz 0 Total: Guns Fired 70, 9 lbs. 24, 6 lbs. 34, 4 lbs. 8, 3 lbs. 4, Powder Expended lb 835, Powder Expended oz 8 Lead Ball lb 5 . 4 oz Match 9 lb Tallow 15 Salt Petre 12 Nails 2000 Sheep Skins 50 Cartridge Paper 6 Quires Bitts 4 Copper Rivets 100 Spirits of Wine 1 Gallon Vinegar ½ do. (Signed) James Tippet Captn. of Artillery	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 14 August 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 7 August 1775. The Council examined and approved the artillery stores accounts and the steward's accounts for July 1775. James Tippet signed the artillery account as captain of artillery. Artillery stores used in July 1775 9 July, departure of the Hampshire, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 10 July, salute to Colonel Champion going aboard, 13 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 9 six-pounders, powder 19 lb 8 oz 10 July, departure of the Pacific and the Bute, 18 guns fired: 8 nine-pounders, 10 six-pounders, powder 27 lb 0 oz 12 July, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 12 July, arrival of the York, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 22 July, an alarm for a ship passing, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 23 July, departure of the York, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz General field day, powder 135 lb 0 oz Practice at Rupert's Valley, powder 187 lb 8 oz Various duties, including stone blasting, powder 397 lb 0 oz Total, 70 guns fired: 24 nine-pounders, 34 six-pounders, 8 four-pounders, 4 three-pounders, powder 835 lb 8 oz Other stores used Lead ball, 5 lb 4 oz Match, 9 lb Tallow, 15 lb Saltpetre, 12 lb Nails, 2,000 Sheepskins, 50 Cartridge paper, 6 quires Bolts, 4 Copper rivets, 100 Spirits of wine, 1 gallon Vinegar, ½ gallon Interpretations Nearly half the month's powder, 397 lb, went on various duties that included blasting stone. The artillery's magazine supplied the powder for the stone blasters working on the new houses and the storehouse, whose wages appeared in the paymaster's account. Because the powder was charged to the artillery, the true cost of the building works was spread across two accounts and was larger than the wages alone suggested. Colonel Alexander Champion received a 13-gun salute on going aboard the Pacific, the same honour given to Captain Cook in May 1775. As the former commander of the Company's army in Bengal, he ranked among the most senior figures to pass through the island that year. The saltpetre issued was probably used to make slow match or priming powder, and the 50 sheepskins were used to cover the gun sponges.
248	241	1775 Sundry's Expended at the Honorable Company's Table in July 1775. 24 Bottles Madeira £ 1 . 10 11 do. Port .. 15 . 11 35 do. Lisbon 1 . 19 . 7 6 do. Mountain .. 9 . 6 20 do. Beer .. 6 . 8 14½ Gallons Arrack 2 . 4 . 3 6 Fowls .. 9 .. 3 Ducks .. 4 . 6 71 lb Candy 1 . 15 .. 478 lb Flour 4 . 2 . 7½ 22 lb Beef .. 5 . 6 264 lb Mutton 5 . 10 20 .. 7½ Bought for the Table 188½ Beef at 6 4 . 14 . 1½ 30 do. @ 3½ .. 8 . 9 6 Turkeys 1 . 10 24 Fowls 1 . 16 .. 4 Pigs 1 .. £ 9 . 8 . 10½ John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The stores used at the Company's table in July 1775 were recorded as follows. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the account. Stores used at the Company's table, July 1775 Madeira wine, 24 bottles, £1 10s 0d Port wine, 11 bottles, £0 15s 11d Lisbon wine, 35 bottles, £1 19s 7d Mountain wine, 6 bottles, £0 9s 6d Beer, 20 bottles, £0 6s 8d Arrack, 14½ gallons, £2 4s 3d Fowls, 6, £0 9s 0d Ducks, 3, £0 4s 6d Sugar candy, 71 lb, £1 15s 0d Flour, 478 lb, £4 9s 7½d Beef, 22 lb, £0 5s 6d Mutton, 264 lb, £5 10s 0d Total from the stores, £20 0s 7½d Bought for the table Beef, 188½ lb at 6d a lb, £4 14s 1½d Beef, 30 lb at 3½d a lb, £0 8s 9d Turkeys, 6, £1 10s 0d Fowls, 24, £1 16s 0d Pigs, 4, £1 0s 0d Total bought for the table, £9 8s 10½d Interpretations The Castle table cost about £29 0s 0d in July 1775, the least of any month that year. All the season's ships had now sailed, the York last of all on 23 July 1775. With no commanders or passengers to entertain, the table used less wine, fewer fowls and less meat. Its costs followed the shipping season, rising when ships crowded the road and falling in the quiet winter months.
249	242	21st August At a Consultation held on Monday the 21 Day of August 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 14 August 1775. Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of July last which is as follows Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 21 August 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 14 August 1775. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for July 1775.
250	243	1775 Cash Dr. 1775 July 1 To Balance remaining £ 10549 . 11 . ½ 3 To Exchange for four Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable as follow Viz. One Set to Andrew Moffat Esqr. £ 650 .. do. do. to Mr. James Farquharson 200 .. do. do. to Mr. Peter Cargill 100 .. do. do. to Mr. David Tolson 50 .. 1000 .. 7 To Ship Hampshire 2 . 17 . 6 8 To Exchange for five Sets of Bills drawn as above payable as follow Viz. One Set to Mattw. Purling Esqr. £ 505 . 15 do. do. to do. 508 . 7 . 6 do. do. to Mr. Robt. Barclay 473 . 18 . 4 do. do. to Captn. Richd. Doveton 185 . 5 do. do. to Messrs. Stainforth Gibson and Stainforth 34 . 6 1707 . 11 . 10 Carried Over £ 13260 .. 4½ Per Contra Cr. 1775 July 22 By Balance remaining Viz. In Specie £ 13794 . 13 . 9½ In Cash Notes 539 . 15 14334 . 8 . 9½ £ 14334 . 8 . 9½	The Company's cash account for July 1775 opened with the following receipts. The credit side showed the balance at the close of the month. Cash, debit 1 July 1775, balance remaining, £10,549 11s 0½d 3 July 1775, exchange for four sets of bills on the Court of Directors Set payable to Andrew Moffat, £650 0s 0d Set payable to James Farquharson, £200 0s 0d Set payable to Peter Cargill, £100 0s 0d Set payable to David Jobson, £50 0s 0d Total for the four sets, £1,000 0s 0d 7 July 1775, ship Hampshire, £2 17s 6d 8 July 1775, exchange for five sets of bills on the Court of Directors Set payable to Matthew Purling, £505 15s 0d Set payable to Matthew Purling, £508 7s 6d Set payable to Robert Barclay, £473 18s 4d Set payable to Captain Richard Doveton, £185 5s 0d Set payable to Stainforth, Gibson and Stainforth, £34 6s 0d Total for the five sets, £1,707 11s 10d Carried forward, £13,260 0s 4½d Cash, credit 31 July 1775, balance remaining in coin, £13,794 13s 9½d 31 July 1775, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £14,334 8s 9½d Total, £14,334 8s 9½d Interpretations Bills of exchange brought £2,707 11s 10d of coin into the chest in the first eight days of July 1775 alone. Captain Timbrell's £1,000 0s 0d and the remittances of the Governor and three councillors made up almost all of it. These were the last bills of the shipping season, sold before the Hampshire, Bute, Pacific and York sailed. With no ships due until the next season, the chest stood at its highest level of the year, more than £14,300 0s 0d, enough to carry the garrison's pay through the quiet months.
251	244	21st August Cash Dr. Brought Over £ 13260 .. 4½ 1775 July 8 To Ship Bute 12 . 18 . 6 To Ship Pacifick 7 . 14 22 To Exchange for five Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable as follow Viz. One Set to Captn. Geo. Hayter £ 450 One do. to Captn. Thos. Riddell 423 . 15 One do. to Captn. Robt. Carr 100 One do. to Mattw. Purling Esqr. 40 .. 11 One do. to Mr. James Baldwin 40 1053 . 15 . 11 To Ship York 16 . 8 . 3 24 To Fines Received of Richard Mason as pr. Consultation of this Day 3 .. £ 14353 . 17 . ½ Per Contra Cr. 1775 July 31 By Balance remaining Viz. In Specie £ 13814 . 2 . ½ In Cash Notes 539 . 15 .. 14353 . 17 . ½ £ 14353 . 17 . ½ John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The cash account for July 1775 continued from the total of £13,260 0s 4½d brought forward, and closed with the balance at the end of the month. Cash, debit Brought forward, £13,260 0s 4½d 8 July 1775, ship Bute, £12 18s 6d 8 July 1775, ship Pacific, £7 14s 0d 22 July 1775, exchange for five sets of bills on the Court of Directors Set payable to Captain George Hayter, £450 0s 0d Set payable to Captain Thomas Riddell, £423 15s 0d Set payable to Captain Robert Carr, £100 0s 0d Set payable to Matthew Purling, £40 0s 11d Set payable to James Baldwin, £40 0s 0d Total for the five sets, £1,053 15s 11d 22 July 1775, ship York, £16 8s 3d 24 July 1775, fine received from Richard Mason, as recorded in the minutes of that day, £3 0s 0d Total, £14,353 17s 0½d Cash, credit 31 July 1775, balance remaining in coin, £13,814 2s 0½d 31 July 1775, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £14,353 17s 0½d Total, £14,353 17s 0½d Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the account. Interpretations The £3 0s 0d fine imposed on Richard Mason on 24 July 1775 for slandering the Company's carpenter went straight into the treasury, as the Council had ordered. Fines of this kind were few and small, but they were recorded in the cash account like any other receipt. Every penny the Council collected could then be traced from the minutes to the chest. The chest closed July 1775 with £14,353 17s 0½d, the largest balance of the year and more than £3,800 0s 0d higher than at the end of June. Bills of exchange accounted for nearly all of the rise. With the last ship of the season gone, the balance would now fall month by month as the garrison was paid, until the next ships arrived early in 1776.
252	245	28th August At a Consultation held on Monday the 28 Day of August 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and Signed, dated the 21 August 1775. This Day there was a General Field Day on the Parade of the Officers, Non Commissioned Officers, and Private Men of this Garrison. Mr. William Wrangham this Day presented the following Petition Viz. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. &c. Council of St. Helena. The humble Petition of William Wrangham Sheweth That David Alcock one of the Nominees in a Lease for twelve Acres of Land lying in Sandy Valley being Dead requests your Worship and Council will be pleased to insert in his stead the Name of John Wrangham. 28 August 1775 And your Petitioner will ever pray. Granted upon his paying half a Years Rent for the renewal of this Nominee.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 28 August 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 21 August 1775. A general field day for the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of the garrison was held on the parade that day. William Wrangham presented a petition to the Governor and Council. David Alcock, one of the people named as lives in a lease of 12 acres of land in Sandy Valley, had died. Wrangham asked the Council to put the name of John Wrangham in his place. The Council granted the petition, dated 28 August 1775, on condition that he paid half a year's rent for the renewal of this name. Interpretations Wrangham had already put John and Emelia Wrangham in place of Margaret and David Alcock on a lease of 1¼ acres on 26 June 1775. This petition replaced David Alcock's name on a second, larger lease of 12 acres. Each new young name extended the likely life of the lease and so raised its value, whether to the Alcock heirs at auction or to whoever finally held it. The Council again charged half a year's rent for the change, the same fee it had set in June 1775. The Company thus collected its due each time a life on one of its leases was renewed.
253	246	28th August Ordered the following Advertisement to be Published. Island St. Helena 28 August 1775. This is to give Notice to all Persons upon the said Island, that they are hereby required to send into the Secretary's Office on or before the 20 of September next ensuing an exact Signed Account of their Familys, Land and Cattle, and to attend at the Castle on Saturday the 30 of the same Month, to pay their Rents and Revenues due to the Honorable Company for the Year past. Notice is hereby further given that the Honorable Company's Stores will be shut from the 4 of September to the 2 October next. Per Order of Council (Signed) B. Wright Secretary John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council ordered the following notice to be published, dated 28 August 1775. Every person on the island was to send the secretary's office an exact signed account of their family, land and cattle by 20 September 1775. They were also to come to the Castle on Saturday 30 September 1775 to pay the rents and other dues they owed the Company for the past year. The notice added that the Company's stores would be closed from 4 September to 2 October 1775. Britannicus Wright signed the notice as secretary by order of the Council. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations Each household's signed return of its family, land and cattle did two jobs. It worked as a yearly census of the island's people and stock, and it set the base for what each landholder owed. The Company's rents were tied to the land held, and some dues were tied to slaves and livestock. A signed return made the holder answerable for its truth before he came to pay on rent day. The Council also used the returns to check that the island could feed itself and still supply the shipping. The stores closed for four weeks at the end of September for the yearly stocktaking, when everything in them was counted against the books. The timing was deliberate. No ships were expected in the southern winter, so closing the stores then cost the island least and the passing trade nothing.
254	247	4 September At a Consultation held on Monday the 4th Day of September 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and Signed, dated the 28 August 1775. Appointed Daniel Corneille Esqr. to inspect and take the Remains of the Honorable Company's Stores for the present Year, as usual. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 4 September 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 28 August 1775. As in earlier years, the Council appointed Daniel Corneille to inspect the Company's stores and take an account of everything left in them for the year. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The stocktaking was not left to the storekeeper, Jonathan Doveton, whose own books were being checked. The Lieutenant Governor, a member of the Council, carried it out. Doveton's quarterly collections recorded what had left the warehouses. A separate count by a senior official of what still remained tested those records against the goods on the shelves. Any shortfall between the two would then come to light, which kept the storekeeper to account for the whole of his charge. The appointment fell on the day the stores closed, as the notice of 28 August 1775 had announced.
255	248	11th September At a Consultation held on Monday the 11 Day of September 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 4 September 1775. Wednesday the 7 Arrived a Dutch Ship from Batavia called the Miseur, Captain Hendrick Mulder Burthen six hundred Tons, carrys twenty six Guns, and eighty three Men, Loaden with Pepper bound to Amsterdam. The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of August last were this Day laid before Us, which were Examined, approved, and are as follows Viz. Artillery Stores Expended in August 1775 Powder lb, Powder oz Powder expended for a General Field Day: Powder lb 150, Powder oz 0 do. for the Drill: Powder lb 90, Powder oz 0 do. for Sundry Services: Powder lb 97, Powder oz 3 Total: Powder lb 337, Powder oz 3 Balls 10 oz Bees Wax 1 lb Tallow 12 lb Cartridge Paper 19 Quires Horsemans Tent 1 (Signed) Jas. Tippet Captn. of Artillery	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 11 September 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 4 September 1775. A Dutch ship from Batavia, the M[...], under Captain Hendrick Mulder, arrived on Wednesday 7 September 1775. She was a vessel of 600 tons with 26 guns and 83 men. She carried a cargo of pepper and was bound for Amsterdam. The Council examined and approved the artillery stores accounts and the steward's accounts for August 1775. James Tippet signed the artillery account as captain of artillery. Artillery stores used in August 1775 Powder for a general field day, 150 lb 0 oz Powder for drill, 90 lb 0 oz Powder for various duties, 97 lb 3 oz Total powder, 337 lb 3 oz Other stores used Lead ball, 10 oz Beeswax, 1 lb Tallow, 12 lb Cartridge paper, 19 quires Horseman's tent, 1 Interpretations The artillery fired no salutes and no alarms in August 1775, the first month of the year without a single gun recorded. No ship arrived, sailed or passed in sight between the departure of the York on 23 July and the Dutch ship of 7 September 1775. Powder use fell to 337 lb 3 oz, less than half of July's 835 lb 8 oz. The month's figures show how fully the island's activity followed the shipping. In the depth of the southern winter the garrison spent its powder only on drill and its field day.
256	249	1775 Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in August 1775 33 Bottles Madeira £ 1 . 17 . 6 7 do. Port .. 11 . 1 25 do. Lisbon 1 . 19 . 7 12 do. Mountain .. 19 . 26 do. Beer .. 8 . 8 16½ Gallons Arrack 2 . 9 . 6 251 lb Mutton 5 . 4 . 7 12 Fowls .. 18 . 2 Ducks .. 3 . 1 Goose .. 5 . 76 lb Candy 1 . 18 524 lb Flour 4 . 13 . 3 1 Lamb .. 10 22 . 2 . 2 Bought for the Table 135½ Beef @ 6 3 . 7 . 10½ 22½ do. @ 3½ .. 6 . 6 2 Turkeys .. 10 .. 26 Fowls 1 . 19 .. 4 Pigs 1 .. £ 7 . 3 . 4½ John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The stores used at the Company's table in August 1775 were recorded as follows. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the account. Stores used at the Company's table, August 1775 Madeira wine, 33 bottles, £1 17s 6d Port wine, 7 bottles, £0 11s 1d Lisbon wine, 25 bottles, £1 19s 7d Mountain wine, 12 bottles, £0 19s 0d Beer, 26 bottles, £0 8s 8d Arrack, 16½ gallons, £2 9s 6d Mutton, 251 lb, £5 4s 7d Fowls, 12, £0 18s 0d Ducks, 2, £0 3s 0d Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d Sugar candy, 76 lb, £1 18s 0d Flour, 524 lb, £4 13s 3d Lamb, 1, £0 10s 0d Total from the stores, £22 2s 2d Bought for the table Beef, 135½ lb at 6d a lb, £3 7s 10½d Beef, 22½ lb at 3½d a lb, £0 6s 6d Turkeys, 2, £0 10s 0d Fowls, 26, £1 19s 0d Pigs, 4, £1 0s 0d Total bought for the table, £7 3s 4½d
257	250	18th September At a Consultation held on Monday the 18 Day of September 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 11 September 1775. Thursday the 14 George Marshall Matross was drowned in a Cove at Turks Cap; an Inquest being held on his Body, they brought in their Verdict Accidental Death. Captain Hendrick Mulder of the Dutch Ship Morseur this day applied to Us to pay five hundred pounds into the Honorable Company's Cash, which Sum We have received, and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable to himself at Ninety days sight (or Order). Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of August last, which is as follows Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 18 September 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 11 September 1775. George Marshall, a matross, drowned in a cove at Turk's Cap on Thursday 14 September 1775. An inquest was held on his body, and the jury returned a verdict of accidental death. Captain Hendrick Mulder of the Dutch ship Morsseur asked the Council to let him pay £500 0s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors. The bills were payable at 90 days' sight to Mulder himself or his order. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for August 1775. Interpretations A Dutch captain bound for Amsterdam chose to turn £500 0s 0d into bills on the English East India Company. The Dutch officers' private trade earned silver in the East, and a bill on London could be sold in Amsterdam through the close banking links between the two cities. Carrying coin home risked loss at sea and a search by the Dutch Company, which watched its officers' private dealings closely. The Council gained something too. Silver arrived in its chest in the dead months of the year, when no Company ship had called since July. Marshall's death went before an inquest, the English procedure in which a jury viewed the body and found the cause of death. A soldier drowned at a remote outpost might have deserted, been killed or taken his own life. The jury's verdict settled the matter in public record, closed his account on the pay list and cleared any man who had been with him.
258	251	Cash Dr. 1775 Augt. 1 To Balance remaining £ 14353 . 17 . ½ To Rents received of Willm. Wrangham for the renewal of a Nominee .. 10 .. £ 14354 . 7 . ½ Per Contra Cr. 1775 Augt. 31 By Balance remaining Viz. In Specie £ 13814 . 12 .. ½ In Cash Notes 539 . 15 .. 14354 . 7 .. ½ £ 14354 . 7 .. ½ John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Company's cash account for August 1775 recorded a single receipt and the balance at the end of the month. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the account. Cash, debit 1 August 1775, balance remaining, £14,353 17s 0½d Rent received from William Wrangham for renewing a name on a lease, £0 10s 0d Total, £14,354 7s 0½d Cash, credit 31 August 1775, balance remaining in coin, £13,814 12s 0½d 31 August 1775, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £14,354 7s 0½d Total, £14,354 7s 0½d Interpretations The 10s from Wrangham was the fee for putting John Wrangham's name in place of David Alcock's on the 12-acre lease in Sandy Valley, granted on 28 August 1775. Half a year's rent on that lease was evidently 10s, which puts the yearly rent at £1 0s 0d for 12 acres, or 1s 8d an acre. In June 1775 the fee for two names on a lease of only 1¼ acres had come to £1 0s 0d. Land in the valley near Jamestown therefore carried a far higher rent than land in the outlying districts. It was the only money that entered the chest in August 1775. No ship called, no bills were sold and the stores' takings were held over to the quarter's end. The balance stood almost exactly where it had been at the end of July.
259	252	25 September At a Consultation held on Monday the 25 Day of September 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 18 September 1775. Monday the 18 Sailed the Dutch Ship Morseur for Amsterdam. Wednesday the 20 William Hopkins Private was found Dead in a Gully near the Long Wood. An Inquest being held on his Body, they brought in their Verdict Accidental Death. Friday the 22 Died Adam Evans Private. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 25 September 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 18 September 1775. The Dutch ship Morsseur sailed for Amsterdam on Monday 18 September 1775. William Hopkins, a private, was found dead in a gully near Longwood on Wednesday 20 September 1775. An inquest was held on his body, and the jury returned a verdict of accidental death. Adam Evans, a private, died on Friday 22 September 1775. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations Hopkins was the second soldier in a week to die away from the town and be the subject of an inquest, after the matross George Marshall drowned at Turk's Cap on 14 September 1775. Both deaths happened at the edges of the island, where men served at outposts or crossed steep, broken ground with little light at night. The gullies around Longwood ran deep and sheer. A man walking back from the new road works or a guard post after dark could fall without anyone seeing. The inquests found no blame in either case, but together they show the everyday danger of the island's terrain to the men who garrisoned it.
260	253	30 September At a Consultation held on Saturday the 30th Day of September 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 25 September 1775. Pursuant to an Order in Consultation of the 28 last Month, the Planters this Day attended to pay their Rents and Revenues due to the Honorable Company for the Year past which Amounts to £ 623 . 17 . 5 The Rent Roll is as follows Viz. Ground Rent, Free Land acres, Lease Land acres, £, s, d Samuel Alexander 5 Acres @ 4/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 34½, Lease Land acres 50½, £ 14, s 1, d 9 John Alexander 15½ @ 4/ pr. Acre 40 @ 2/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 71½, Lease Land acres 113½, £ 23, s 18, d 6 George Alexander: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 47½, Lease Land acres 104½, £ 28, s 11, d 6 Martin Bagley 1½ Acre 3/6 pr. Acre 3½ @ 2/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 22½, £ 4, s 9, d 3 Ensn. Beales Orps.: Ground Rent 3/3, Free Land acres 10, Lease Land acres 13½, £ 4, s 2, d 9 Richard Beale: Ground Rent 5/, Free Land acres 41, Lease Land acres 24, £ 8, s 6, d 0 John Bagley Senr.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 20, £ 5, s 0, d 0 John Bagley Junr. 3½ Acres @ 4/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 16/3, Free Land acres 54, Lease Land acres 21½, £ 8, s 13, d 2 Richard Bagley's Exrs. 12 Acres @ 4/ pr. Acre 7½ @ 2/6 pr. Acre 4½ @ 2/ pr. Acre 3½ @ 3/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 3/, Free Land acres 44, Lease Land acres 125½, £ 31, s 4, d 0 Edw. Bagley 19½ Acres @ 3/ pr. Acre 3½ Acres @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 25, Lease Land acres 64½, £ 16, s 3, d 6 Matthew Bazett 15 Acres @ 4/ pr. Acre 17½ @ 2/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 10/, Free Land acres 212, Lease Land acres 112½, £ 33, s 2, d 10½ Orlando Bagley 7 Acres @ 4/ 21 @ 2/6 pr. Acre 16½ @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 51½, Lease Land acres 95½, £ 23, s 1, d 0 Henry Bazett 8 Acres @ 4/ pr. Acre 5 Acres @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 10/, Free Land acres 73, Lease Land acres 59, £ 18, s 3, d 6 John Bazett: Ground Rent 25/6, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 1, s 5, d 6 Orlando Bagley 19 Acres @ 1/6 pr. Acre 21½ @ 2/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 96½, £ 17, s 13, d 6 Carried Over	The planters attended the Council on Saturday 30 September 1775 to pay the rents and dues they owed the Company for the past year, as the notice of 28 August 1775 had required. The Council met at the Castle that day, with Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 25 September 1775. The rents came to £623 17s 5d in all, and the rent roll began as follows. Rent roll, year ending 30 September 1775 Samuel Alexander, 5 acres at 4s an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 34½ acres, leased land 50½ acres, £14 1s 9d John Alexander, 15½ acres at 2s an acre and 40 acres at 2s 6d an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 71½ acres, leased land 113½ acres, £23 18s 6d George Alexander, ground rent 0s, free land 47½ acres, leased land 104½ acres, £28 11s 6d Martin Bagley, 1½ acres at 2s an acre and 30 acres at 2s an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 0 acres, leased land 22½ acres, £4 9s 3d Jonas Beale's heirs, ground rent 3s 5d, free land 10 acres, leased land 13½ acres, £4 2s 9d Richard Beale, ground rent 5s 0d, free land 41 acres, leased land 24 acres, £8 6s 0d John Bagley and son, ground rent 0s, free land 0 acres, leased land 20 acres, £5 0s 0d John Bagley junior, 3½ acres at 4s an acre, ground rent 16s 6d, free land 54 acres, leased land 21½ acres, £3 13s 2d Richard Bagley, [...] acres at 2s an acre and [...] acres at 3s an acre, ground rent 3s 0d, free land 44 acres, leased land 125½ acres, £31 11s 0d Edward Bagley, 12½ acres at 3s an acre and 3½ acres at 2s an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 25 acres, leased land 64½ acres, £16 3s 6d Matthew Bazett, 15 acres at 2s an acre and 1½ acres at 2s an acre, ground rent 10s 0d, free land 212 acres, leased land 112½ acres, £33 2s 10½d Orlando Bagley's [...], 21 acres at 2s 6d an acre and 16½ acres at 4s an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 51½ acres, leased land 95½ acres, £23 1s 0d Henry Bazett, 8 acres at 2s an acre and 5 acres at 2s 6d an acre, ground rent 10s 0d, free land 75 acres, leased land 59 acres, £18 3s 6d John Bazett, ground rent 25s 6d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £1 5s 6d Orlando Bagley, 19 acres at 2s an acre and 21½ acres at 2s an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 0 acres, leased land 96½ acres, £17 13s 6d Interpretations The roll set three kinds of holding side by side. Free land had been granted outright to early settlers or their heirs, on condition of service in the island's defence, and carried only a small quitrent. Leased land was the Company's property let for lives at so much an acre, and it made up the bulk of what each planter paid. Ground rent was charged on town plots in Jamestown, where a house stood on Company soil. The rates per acre varied from 2s to 4s, with the higher rates on land closer to the town and the landing place. The Company thus priced its land by its value to the holder, much as the Wrangham renewals of 1775 had shown. Matthew Bazett held 212 acres of free land and paid £33 2s 10½d a year, the largest rent on the page. A councillor who sat in judgement on leases was also among the island's chief landholders, which shows again how closely the Company's government and the planters' interests were bound together.
261	254	30 September Brought Over Ground Rent, Free Land acres, Lease Land acres, £, s, d Thomas Burnham: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 19, Lease Land acres 13½, £ 4, s 6, d 6 William Beale: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 9½, Lease Land acres 15½, £ 4, s 5, d 6 Robt. Ballard: Ground Rent 13/, Free Land acres 15½, Lease Land acres 0, £ 1, s 3, d 6 George Bird: Ground Rent 17/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 17, d 0 James Colgrave: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 13, Lease Land acres 100, £ 25, s 13, d 0 Jos. Chamberlains Orps.: Ground Rent 15/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 James Desfountain: Ground Rent 3/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 3, d 0 John Doveton's Orps.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 36½, Lease Land acres 8, £ 6, s 6, d 6 Jonathan Doveton: Ground Rent 24/2, Free Land acres 128½, Lease Land acres 4, £ 8, s 12, d 11 Isaac Doveton 9½ Acres @ 1/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 119½, Lease Land acres 39½, £ 14, s 1, d 0 John Desfountain 12½ Acres @ 1/3 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 20, Lease Land acres 83½, £ 19, s 10, d 11 Willm. Webber Doveton: Ground Rent 5/3, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 5, d 3 Samuel Desfountain: Ground Rent 17/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 17, d 0 Henry Easthope: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 14, Lease Land acres 28, £ 7, s 14, d 0 James Easthope: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 11, Lease Land acres 8, £ 2, s 11, d 0 Michael Frost: Ground Rent 15/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 Sarah Farrell: Ground Rent 10/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 10, d 0 Julio Fabiano: Ground Rent 15/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 Richard Goodwin: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 49, Lease Land acres 27, £ 9, s 4, d 0 John Goodwin: Ground Rent 14/4, Free Land acres 67½, Lease Land acres 28, £ 11, s 1, d 10 James Greentree 26 Acres @ 2/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 20/3, Free Land acres 41½, Lease Land acres 44, £ 10, s 16, d 9 James Greentrees Orps. 33½ Acres @ 4/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 5/, Free Land acres 65, Lease Land acres 93, £ 25, s 1, d 9 Robt. Gurling 9 @ 1/6 pr. Acre 15½ @ 2/ pr. Acre 2½ @ 1/: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 23, Lease Land acres 27½, £ 3, s 10, d 3 Richard Harper: Ground Rent 22/6, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 1, s 2, d 6 George Hayes: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 30, Lease Land acres 6½, £ 3, s 2, d 6 Margaret Harper: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 10, Lease Land acres 26, £ 7, s 0, d 0 Willm. Hayes Senr. 30 Acres @ 1/6 pr. Acre 23 @ 1/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 19/, Free Land acres 52½, Lease Land acres 77, £ 12, s 9, d 4½ Gab. Harper 6½ @ 2/ pr. Acre 4½ @ 3/ pr. Acre ¾ @ 2/ pr. Ann.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 40, Lease Land acres 11½, £ 3, s 1, d 9 Elisha Isacke: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 25, Lease Land acres 5, £ 2, s 10, d 0 Willm. Jenkins 19½ Acres @ 2/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 35½, £ 5, s 19, d 0 Hugh Jones: Ground Rent 3/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 3, d 0 Martha Jacks: Ground Rent 16/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 16, d 0 Gabl. Isacke: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 8, £ 2, s 0, d 0 Samuel Knipe: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 36½, Lease Land acres 21½, £ 7, s 2, d 9 Richard Knipe: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 15, Lease Land acres 11½, £ 3, s 13, d 9 Carried Over	The rent roll continued as follows. Rent roll, continued Thomas Burnham, ground rent 0s, free land 19 acres, leased land 13½ acres, £4 6s 6d William Beale, ground rent 0s, free land 9½ acres, leased land 15½ acres, £4 5s 6d Robert Ballard, ground rent 13s 0d, free land 15½ acres, leased land 0 acres, £1 3s 6d George Bird, ground rent 17s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 17s 0d James Colgrave, ground rent 0s, free land 13 acres, leased land 100 acres, £25 13s 0d Joseph Chamberlain's heirs, ground rent 15s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 15s 0d James Desfountain, ground rent 3s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 3s 0d John Doveton's heirs, ground rent 0s, free land 36½ acres, leased land 8 acres, £6 6s 6d Jonathan Doveton, ground rent 24s 6d, free land 128½ acres, leased land 4 acres, £3 12s 11d Isaac Doveton, 9½ acres at 4s an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 110½ acres, leased land 39½ acres, £14 1s 0d John Desfountain, 12½ acres at [...] an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 20 acres, leased land 85½ acres, £19 10s 11d William Webber Doveton, ground rent 5s 3d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 5s 3d Samuel Desfountain, ground rent 17s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 17s 0d Henry Easthope, ground rent 0s, free land 14 acres, leased land 22 acres, £7 14s 0d James Easthope, ground rent 0s, free land 11 acres, leased land 8 acres, £2 11s 0d Michael Frost, ground rent 15s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 15s 0d Sarah Farrell, ground rent 10s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 10s 0d Julio Fabiano, ground rent 15s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 15s 0d Richard Goodwin, ground rent 0s, free land 49 acres, leased land 27 acres, £9 4s 0d John Goodwin, ground rent 14s 4d, free land 67½ acres, leased land 28 acres, £11 1s 10d James Greentree, 26 acres at 2s 6d an acre, ground rent 29s 6d, free land 41½ acres, leased land 44 acres, £10 16s 9d James Greentree's heirs, 33 acres at 4s an acre, ground rent 5s 0d, free land 65 acres, leased land 93 acres, £25 1s 9d Robert Girling, 9 acres at 1s 6d an acre and [...] acres at [...] an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 23 acres, leased land 37½ acres, £3 10s 3d Richard Harper, ground rent 22s 6d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £1 2s 6d George Hayes, ground rent 0s, free land 30 acres, leased land 6½ acres, £3 2s 6d Margaret Harper, ground rent 0s, free land 10 acres, leased land 26 acres, £7 0s 0d William Hayes senior, 30½ acres at [...] an acre and 25 acres at [...] an acre, ground rent 10s 0d, free land 52½ acres, leased land 77 acres, £12 9s 4½d Gabriel Harper, [...] acres at [...] an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 40 acres, leased land 11½ acres, £3 1s 9d Elisha Isaacke, ground rent 0s, free land 25 acres, leased land 5 acres, £2 10s 0d William Jenkins, 19½ acres at 2s an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 0 acres, leased land 35½ acres, £5 19s 0d Hugh Jones, ground rent 3s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 3s 0d Martha Jacks, ground rent 16s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 16s 0d Gabriel Isaacke, ground rent 0s, free land 0 acres, leased land 8 acres, £2 0s 0d Samuel Knipe, ground rent 0s, free land 36½ acres, leased land 21½ acres, £7 2s 9d Richard Knipe, ground rent 0s, free land 15 acres, leased land 11½ acres, £3 13s 9d Interpretations A good number of names on this page paid ground rent alone, with no farm land at all. Among them were Company servants such as James Desfountain, William Webber Doveton and Samuel Desfountain, along with the pensioner Michael Frost and Hugh Jones, the superintendent of the slaves. These were the town-dwellers of Jamestown, holding a house plot from the Company while drawing their living from salaries, trade or pensions. The roll therefore splits the island's settler population into two groups: planters on the land, and a small urban circle of officials and tradesmen. Jonathan Doveton held 128½ acres of free land but paid only £3 12s 11d, because free land carried a light quitrent and his leased land came to just 4 acres. Isaac Doveton paid nearly four times as much on less free land, because of his 39½ leased acres. The burden of rent fell on leased land, so a family whose holdings came by early grant paid far less than newcomers who had to lease from the Company.
262	255	1775 Brought Over Ground Rent, Free Land acres, Lease Land acres, £, s, d Elizabeth Kennedy: Ground Rent 17/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 17, d 0 Robt. Leech: Ground Rent 4/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 4, d 0 Thomas Leech: Ground Rent 12/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 12, d 0 Elizabeth Lamb: Ground Rent 34/6, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 10, £ 4, s 4, d 6 Benjn. Mason 31 Acres @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 15/8, Free Land acres 42, Lease Land acres 84½, £ 18, s 10, d 5 Richd. Mason 7½ Acres @ 2/6 pr. Acre 3 Acres @ 1/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 48½, Lease Land acres 52½, £ 14, s 7, d 4½ Elizabeth Powell: Ground Rent 3/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 3, d 0 John Price: Ground Rent 57/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 4, £ 3, s 17, d 0 James Pritchard: Ground Rent 22/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 1, s 2, d 0 John Prestons Orps.: Ground Rent 15/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 John Robinson 45½ Acres @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 3/, Free Land acres 116½, Lease Land acres 71, £ 15, s 19, d 7½ John Seale 5½ Acres @ 1/ pr. Acre 5½ Acres @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 31½, Lease Land acres 67, £ 16, s 8, d 6 Solm. St. Maurice: Ground Rent 50/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 2, s 10, d 0 Benjn. Seale 10½ Acres @ 1/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 21, £ 3, s 2, d 0 Franl. Seale: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 10½, Lease Land acres 33½, £ 8, s 19, d 0 George Seale: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 7½, £ 1, s 17, d 6 Chas. Ross Stewart 6½ Acres @ 1/6 pr. Acre 2½ Acres @ 2/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 25, Lease Land acres 57½, £ 13, s 18, d 10½ Nathan Sample: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 25, Lease Land acres 11, £ 4, s 0, d 0 Society: Ground Rent 4/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 4, d 0 John Shirley: Ground Rent 10/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 10, d 0 James Torbet's Orps.: Ground Rent 12/, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 12, d 0 John Worrall: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 71, Lease Land acres 33, £ 11, s 16, d 0 Willm. Wrangham 1½ Acre @ 20/ pr. Ann. 64 Acres @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 33/10, Free Land acres 165½, Lease Land acres 142½, £ 35, s 7, d 8 John Whitchurch: Ground Rent 9/6, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 0, £ 0, s 9, d 6 Simon Whaley: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 0, Lease Land acres 2, £ 0, s 10, d 0 Willm. Young 6½ Acres @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 5/, Free Land acres 79½, Lease Land acres 35½, £ 11, s 18, d 10½ Stephen Young 3 Acres @ 1/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 30, Lease Land acres 38½, £ 10, s 10, d 6 Total: Ground Rent 0, Free Land acres 2205½, Lease Land acres 2316½, £ 623, s 17, d 5	The rent roll ended as follows, with the year's total. Rent roll, continued Elizabeth Kennedy, ground rent 17s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 17s 0d Robert Leech, ground rent 4s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 4s 0d Thomas Leech, ground rent 12s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 12s 0d Elizabeth Lamb, ground rent 34s 6d, free land 0 acres, leased land 10 acres, £4 4s 6d Benjamin Mason, 31 acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 15s 8d, free land 42 acres, leased land 84½ acres, £18 10s 5d Richard Mason, 7½ acres at 2s 6d an acre and 3 acres at 4s an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 48½ acres, leased land 57¼ acres, £14 7s 4½d Elizabeth Powell, ground rent 3s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 3s 0d John Price, ground rent 57s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 4 acres, £3 17s 0d James Pritchard, ground rent 22s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £1 2s 0d John Preston's heirs, ground rent 15s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 15s 0d John Robinson, 45½ acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 3s 0d, free land 116½ acres, leased land 71 acres, £15 19s 7½d John Seale, 5½ acres at [...] an acre and 5½ acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 31½ acres, leased land 67 acres, £16 8s 6d Solomon St Maurice, ground rent 50s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £2 10s 0d Benjamin Seale, 10½ acres at 1s an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 0 acres, leased land 21 acres, £3 2s 0d Francis Seale, ground rent 0s, free land 10½ acres, leased land 33½ acres, £8 19s 0d George Seale, ground rent 0s, free land 0 acres, leased land 7½ acres, £1 17s 6d Charles Ross Stewart, 6½ acres at 1s 6d an acre and 2½ acres at 2s an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 25 acres, leased land 57½ acres, £13 18s 10½d Nathan Sample, ground rent 0s, free land 25 acres, leased land 11 acres, £4 0s 0d The society, ground rent 4s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 4s 0d John Skelley, ground rent 10s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 10s 0d James Forbes's heirs, ground rent 12s 0d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 12s 0d John Worrall, ground rent 0s, free land 71 acres, leased land 33 acres, £11 16s 0d William Wrangham, 1½ acres at 20s an acre and [...] acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 33s 10d, free land 165½ acres, leased land 142½ acres, £35 7s 8d John Whitchurch, ground rent 9s 6d, free land 0 acres, leased land 0 acres, £0 9s 6d Simon Whaley, ground rent 0s, free land 0 acres, leased land 2 acres, £0 10s 0d William Young, 6½ acres at 2s 6d an acre, ground rent 5s 0d, free land 79½ acres, leased land 35½ acres, £11 18s 10½d Stephen Young, 3 acres at 1s an acre, ground rent 0s, free land 30 acres, leased land 38½ acres, £10 10s 6d Total, free land 2,205½ acres, leased land 2,316½ acres, £623 17s 5d Interpretations William Wrangham paid the largest rent on the whole roll, £35 7s 8d, ahead of Matthew Bazett's £33 2s 10½d. He held 165½ acres of free land and 142½ acres on lease, along with town ground. Part of his leased land was charged at 20s an acre, ten times the usual country rate, which can only have been prime ground in or beside Jamestown. The figures put in a single line what the year's minutes had shown piece by piece: the councillor who paid the garrison, sold sheep to the Company, renewed the Alcock leases and sent home some £1,500 0s 0d in bills was also the island's biggest landholder. The whole island yielded the Company only £623 17s 5d in rent from about 4,500 acres. That was less than a sixth of a single quarter's pay for the garrison and officials. Land was not where the Company drew its income on St Helena. The island's real earnings came from the stores and from selling bills to the ships. Rents served mainly to tie the settlers to the Company as tenants and to give the Council a hold over who farmed the land.
263	256	30th September We this Day Executed the Renewal of a Lease to Mr. Orlando Bagley for eight Acres of Land lying in the East Division of this Island. And Granted a Lease to Mr. John Bagley for twenty five and a quarter Acres lying in the South Division of this Island. This Day there was a General Field Day on the Parade of the Officers, Non Commissioned Officers and Private Men of this Garrison. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	On 30 September 1775 the Council renewed Orlando Bagley's lease of 8 acres of land in the East Division of the island. It also granted John Bagley a new lease of 25¼ acres in the South Division. A general field day for the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of the garrison was held on the parade that day. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The Council sealed both leases on rent day, when the planters had gathered at the Castle to pay what they owed. Renewals and new grants were best settled once a holder's account was clear, since the Company could refuse a lease to anyone in arrears. Handling them at the same sitting also brought the rent roll up to date for the coming year. Both new leases went to members of the Bagley family, already among the island's larger tenants on the roll just paid.
264	257	2nd October At a Consultation held on Monday the 2nd Day of October 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Matthew Bazett William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 30th September 1775. No business Offering We adjourned. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 2 October 1775, with Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 30 September 1775. No other business came before the Council, so it adjourned. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry.
265	258	9th October At a Consultation held on Monday the 9 Day of October 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 2 October 1775. This day Arrived the Anson's Boat at Bankes's at half past Nine o'Clock in the Morning. do. do. The Honorable Company's Ship Anson from Bengal (last from the Cape) The Engineer this Day presented the following Letter Viz. To John Skottowe Esqr. Governor and Council. Gentlemen I have the Honour to acquaint You that the Artificers and Labourers were chiefly Employed during the last quarter, in building a new Dairy and a Larder at the Plantation House, and making two Drains to carry off the filth from the Honorable Company's Stores, and the Blacks Square, which I have the pleasure to inform You is now Compleat, likewise carrying forward the New Houses. I do intend Gentlemen this ensuing Quarter, according to your former Order, prosecuting with all	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 9 October 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 2 October 1775. The boat of the Anson reached Banks's at half past nine that morning. The Company's ship Anson arrived the same day from Bengal, coming last from the Cape. The engineer, James Tippet, presented a letter to Governor Skottowe and the Council. He reported that over the past quarter the craftsmen and labourers had mainly built a new dairy and larder at Plantation House. They had also dug two drains, one carrying filth away from the Company's stores and the other from the slaves' square, and both were now finished. Work on the new houses had gone on as well. For the coming quarter, as the Council had already ordered, he meant to press on as quickly as possible [continues]. Interpretations Tippet had finished exactly what he set out to do on 10 July 1775, including the drain at the slaves' quarters that the Council had added to his plan. The square was the yard where the Company's slaves lived together. A covered drain there removed the standing filth that bred fever among people packed into one compound. The same quarter's work also completed the dairy at Plantation House, which matched the cream-skimming dishes already issued to the plantation and the larger herd now grazing at Longwood. The Anson was the first Company ship to reach the island since the York sailed on 23 July 1775. Her arrival in early October opened the new shipping season, more than ten weeks after the last one closed.
266	259	1775 Expedition the New Houses, and making a proper drain to carry off the filth from the Hospital. St. Helena 9th October 1775 I have the Honour to be Gentlemen Your most Obedt. Servant (Signed) James Tippet To which We directed the Secretary to Write him the following Answer Viz. To Captain James Tippet Engineer Sir I am directed by the Governor and Council to acquaint you that you are to prosecute with all expedition the Works you mentioned in your Letter of this day, agreeable to the Orders you received last Quarter. St. Helena 9th October 1775 I am Sir Your humble Servant (Signed) B. Wright Secy. The Plantation Account for the Quarter and the Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of September last were this Day laid before Us, which were Examined, approved of, and are as follow Viz.	Tippet's plan for the coming quarter was to push on with the new houses and to build a proper drain to carry filth away from the hospital. He signed the letter at St Helena on 9 October 1775. The Council told the secretary to send Tippet a reply. Under the orders he had received the previous quarter, he was to carry out the works named in his letter as quickly as possible. Britannicus Wright signed the reply as secretary at St Helena on 9 October 1775. The Council then examined and approved the plantation account for the quarter, together with the artillery stores accounts and the steward's accounts for September 1775. Interpretations The hospital drain was the third that the Council had ordered on 10 July 1775, after those at the stores and the slaves' square. Tippet had not left it out. He had put it off to the next quarter while he finished the other two and the dairy at Plantation House. The Council's reply did no more than confirm the order it had already given, so the sequence of works stood as planned.
267	260	9th October Account of the Honorable Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c. from the 1 of July to the 30 September 1775. Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Shoats, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Boars, Hogs Total, Horses, Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys, Poultry Geese Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 5, Neat Cattle Cows 95, Neat Cattle Calves 92, Neat Cattle Yearlings 38, Neat Cattle Heifers 28, Neat Cattle Steers 28, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 302, Sheep Ewes 297, Sheep Weathers 124, Sheep Lambs 44, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 475, Goats Ewes 67, Goats Weathers 10, Goats Kids 28, Goats Rams 5, Goats Total 110, Hogs Sows 6, Hogs Shoats 6, Hogs Pigs 15, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 29, Horses 6, Mares 9, Horses Total 15, Poultry Fowls 88, Poultry Ducks 11, Poultry Turkeys 27, Poultry Geese 21 Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 12, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 12, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 71, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 71, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 19, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 19, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 56, Poultry Ducks 38, Poultry Turkeys 21, Poultry Geese 10 Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 5, Neat Cattle Cows 95, Neat Cattle Calves 104, Neat Cattle Yearlings 38, Neat Cattle Heifers 28, Neat Cattle Steers 28, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 314, Sheep Ewes 297, Sheep Weathers 124, Sheep Lambs 115, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 546, Goats Ewes 67, Goats Weathers 10, Goats Kids 47, Goats Rams 5, Goats Total 129, Hogs Sows 6, Hogs Shoats 6, Hogs Pigs 15, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 29, Horses 6, Mares 9, Horses Total 15, Poultry Fowls 144, Poultry Ducks 49, Poultry Turkeys 48, Poultry Geese 31 Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 2, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 2, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 4, Sheep Ewes 10, Sheep Weathers 60, Sheep Lambs 2, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 72, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 6, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 6, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 2, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 2, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 24, Poultry Ducks 5, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 8 Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 2, Neat Cattle Yearlings 1, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 3, Sheep Ewes 11, Sheep Weathers 18, Sheep Lambs 14, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 43, Goats Ewes 3, Goats Weathers 1, Goats Kids 5, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 9, Hogs Sows 1, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 1, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 13, Poultry Ducks 1, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 2 Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 5, Neat Cattle Cows 95, Neat Cattle Calves 100, Neat Cattle Yearlings 37, Neat Cattle Heifers 28, Neat Cattle Steers 26, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 307, Sheep Ewes 276, Sheep Weathers 46, Sheep Lambs 99, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 431, Goats Ewes 64, Goats Weathers 9, Goats Kids 36, Goats Rams 5, Goats Total 114, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 4, Hogs Pigs 15, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 26, Horses 6, Mares 9, Horses Total 15, Poultry Fowls 107, Poultry Ducks 43, Poultry Turkeys 48, Poultry Geese 21 Changed the Species: Neat Cattle Bulls 5, Neat Cattle Cows 104, Neat Cattle Calves 82, Neat Cattle Yearlings 40, Neat Cattle Heifers 24, Neat Cattle Steers 34, Neat Cattle Oxen 18, Neat Cattle Total 307, Sheep Ewes 287, Sheep Weathers 68, Sheep Lambs 66, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 431, Goats Ewes 68, Goats Weathers 17, Goats Kids 22, Goats Rams 7, Goats Total 114, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 19, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 26, Horses 6, Mares 9, Horses Total 15, Poultry Fowls 107, Poultry Ducks 43, Poultry Turkeys 48, Poultry Geese 21 Deceased Slaves 1 Girl Named Christian Stanby 1 Man do. Leander Yams Expended for the Slaves 11930 do. do. for the Stock 4120 do. Bought for do. 2600 Total 18650 Errors Excepted (Signed) Daniel Corneille	The account of the Company's livestock from 1 July to 30 September 1775 was recorded as follows. Daniel Corneille signed it, subject to correction of any errors. Company livestock, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Remaining at 1 July, neat cattle: 5 bulls, 95 cows, 92 calves, 38 yearlings, 28 heifers, 28 steers, 16 oxen, total 302 Remaining at 1 July, sheep: 297 ewes, 124 wethers, 44 lambs, 10 rams, total 475 Remaining at 1 July, goats: 67 ewes, 10 wethers, 28 kids, 5 rams, total 110 Remaining at 1 July, hogs: 6 sows, 6 shoats, 15 pigs, 2 boars, total 29 Remaining at 1 July, horses: 6 horses, 9 mares, total 15 Remaining at 1 July, poultry: 88 fowls, 11 ducks, 27 turkeys, 21 geese Increase by breeding, neat cattle: 12 calves, total 12 Increase by breeding, sheep: 71 lambs, total 71 Increase by breeding, goats: 19 kids, total 19 Increase by breeding, hogs: 0 Increase by breeding, horses: 0 Increase by breeding, poultry: 56 fowls, 38 ducks, 21 turkeys, 10 geese Total, neat cattle: 5 bulls, 95 cows, 104 calves, 38 yearlings, 28 heifers, 28 steers, 16 oxen, total 314 Total, sheep: 297 ewes, 124 wethers, 115 lambs, 10 rams, total 546 Total, goats: 67 ewes, 10 wethers, 47 kids, 5 rams, total 129 Total, hogs: 6 sows, 6 shoats, 15 pigs, 2 boars, total 29 Total, horses: 6 horses, 9 mares, total 15 Total, poultry: 144 fowls, 49 ducks, 48 turkeys, 31 geese Killed, neat cattle: 2 calves, 2 steers, total 4 Killed, sheep: 10 ewes, 60 wethers, 2 lambs, total 72 Killed, goats: 6 kids, total 6 Killed, hogs: 2 shoats, total 2 Killed, poultry: 24 fowls, 5 ducks, 0 turkeys, 8 geese Died, neat cattle: 2 calves, 1 yearling, total 3 Died, sheep: 11 ewes, 18 wethers, 14 lambs, total 43 Died, goats: 3 ewes, 1 wether, 5 kids, total 9 Died, hogs: 1 sow, total 1 Died, poultry: 13 fowls, 1 duck, 0 turkeys, 2 geese Remaining at 30 September, neat cattle: 5 bulls, 95 cows, 100 calves, 37 yearlings, 28 heifers, 26 steers, 16 oxen, total 307 Remaining at 30 September, sheep: 276 ewes, 46 wethers, 99 lambs, 10 rams, total 431 Remaining at 30 September, goats: 64 ewes, 9 wethers, 36 kids, 5 rams, total 114 Remaining at 30 September, hogs: 5 sows, 4 shoats, 15 pigs, 2 boars, total 26 Remaining at 30 September, horses: 6 horses, 9 mares, total 15 Remaining at 30 September, poultry: 107 fowls, 43 ducks, 48 turkeys, 21 geese Regraded by age, neat cattle: 5 bulls, 104 cows, 82 calves, 40 yearlings, 24 heifers, 34 steers, 18 oxen, total 307 Regraded by age, sheep: 287 ewes, 68 wethers, 66 lambs, 10 rams, total 431 Regraded by age, goats: 68 ewes, 17 wethers, 22 kids, 7 rams, total 114 Regraded by age, hogs: 5 sows, 19 shoats, 0 pigs, 2 boars, total 26 Regraded by age, horses: 6 horses, 9 mares, total 15 Regraded by age, poultry: 107 fowls, 43 ducks, 48 turkeys, 21 geese Slaves died: a girl named Christian Stanby Slaves died: a man named Leander Yams used for the slaves, 11,930 Yams used for the livestock, 4,120 Yams bought for the livestock, 2,600 Total yams, 18,650 Interpretations The last line of figures moved young animals up to the class they had grown into by the quarter's end. Calves became yearlings, lambs became ewes or wethers, and pigs became shoats. A plain count would have left the herd listed by its ages at birth. Regrading each quarter kept the book a true picture of how many breeding ewes, working oxen and beasts fit for slaughter the Company actually had. The flock fell from 475 to 431 sheep, the first drop since it was rebuilt. No sheep were bought in, since no ships called between July and early October, yet 60 wethers still went to the butcher for the Castle table and the stores. Breeding added 71 lambs, but 43 sheep died in the cold, wet months of winter. Without passing ships to supply cheap wethers, the Company was eating into its own breeding stock. Yams issued to the slaves dropped from 28,700 in the second quarter to 11,930. The slaves were now drawing rice instead, from the 140 cwt landed from Bengal earlier in the year. The Company was using up imported grain before it spoiled and keeping the island's own crop in the ground.
268	261	1775 Artillery Stores Expended in September 1775 Guns Fired, 9 lbs., 6 lbs., 4 lbs., 3 lbs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz 5 An Alarm: Guns Fired 6, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 6 Arrived the Morseur a Dutch Ship: Guns Fired 13, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 9, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 23, Powder Expended oz 0 18 Departed the said Ship: Guns Fired 15, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 11, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 33, Powder Expended oz 12 Powder expended for a General Field Day: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 177, Powder Expended oz 4 do. for Practice in Ruperts Range: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 374, Powder Expended oz 4 do. for Sundry Services: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 77, Powder Expended oz 9 Sold to Mr. Wrangham: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 25, Powder Expended oz 0 Total: Guns Fired 34, 9 lbs. 8, 6 lbs. 20, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 629, Powder Expended oz 5 Lead Ball lb 3 . 11 oz Tallow 7 Junk c q 1 . 2 3 lb Carriage 1 Iron Aprons 1 Rammer Heads 1 Sheep Skins 1 Nails 85 Paper 8 Quires (Signed) James Tippet Captain of Artillery Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in September 1775 11 Bottles Madeira £ .. 13 . 9 17 do. Port 1 . 6 . 11 46 do. Lisbon 3 . 12 . 10 9 do. Mountain .. 14 . 3 45 do. Beer .. 15 . 16½ Gallons Arrack 1 . 10 . 3 Carried Over £ 8 . 13 ..	The artillery stores used in September 1775 were recorded as follows, and James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Artillery stores used in September 1775 6 September, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 7 September, arrival of the Morsseur, a Dutch ship, 13 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 9 six-pounders, powder 23 lb 0 oz 18 September, departure of the same ship, 15 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 11 six-pounders, powder 33 lb 12 oz General field day, powder 177 lb 4 oz Practice at Rupert's range, powder 274 lb 4 oz Various duties, powder 77 lb 9 oz Sold to William Wrangham, powder 25 lb 0 oz Total, 34 guns fired: 8 nine-pounders, 20 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 629 lb 5 oz Other stores used Lead ball, 3 lb 11 oz Tallow, 7 lb Junk, [...] Three-pounder carriage, 1 Iron aprons, 1 Rammer heads, 1 Sheepskins, 1 Nails, 88 Cartridge paper, 8 quires The stores used at the Company's table in September 1775 began as follows. Stores used at the Company's table, September 1775 Madeira wine, 11 bottles, £0 13s 9d Port wine, 17 bottles, £1 6s 11d Lisbon wine, 46 bottles, £3 12s 10d Mountain wine, 9 bottles, £0 14s 3d Beer, 45 bottles, £0 15s 0d Arrack, 16½ gallons, £1 10s 3d Carried forward, £8 13s 0d Interpretations The artillery sold 25 lb of the Company's powder to William Wrangham. No other buyer appears in the year's accounts, and powder was the one store the garrison guarded most closely. A councillor could obtain it where an ordinary settler could not, perhaps for blasting rock on his large holdings or for shooting game. The sale was entered openly in the artillery account, so the Court of Directors could see it, but it shows once more how freely Wrangham drew on the Company's resources. An iron apron was a sheet of lead or iron laid over the touch-hole of a loaded gun to keep the priming dry. The new three-pounder carriage replaced one at an outpost, where the light guns that fired the alarms stood exposed to the weather all year.
269	262	9th October Brought Over £ 8 . 13 154 lb Beef 1 . 18 . 6 194 Mutton 4 .. 10 6 Fowls .. 9 .. 2 Ducks .. 3 .. 1 Goose .. 5 .. 82 lb Candy 2 . 1 .. 530 Flour 4 . 19 . 4½ 1 Lamb .. 10 .. £ 22 . 19 . 8½ Bought for the Table 28 Fowls £ 2 . 2 3 Turkeys .. 15 1 Goose .. 5 4 Pigs 1 .. 128½ Beef @ 6 3 . 4 . 3 14½ do. @ 3½ .. 4 . 2 £ 7 . 10 . 5 The Ship Anson brought Us the following Supply Viz. Invoice of Ship Anson Fine Rice 60 Bags Weighing 120 Mds. @ 2 . 3 pr. Md. 259 . 3 . 3 Paddy 40 Bags do. 60 Mds. @ 14 pr. Md. 52 . 8 Sugar 10 Bags do. 20 @ 9 pr. do. 180 Wax Candles 4 Chests do. 8 @ 60 pr. do. 480 Gunneys 2 Bales Containing 500 @ 16 pr. % 86 . 6 . 6 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers @ 200 pr. Leager 432 Bengal Rum for musters 1 half Leager @ 125 pr. do. 135 Madeira Wine 6 Pipes @ 400 pr. Pipe 2592 4217 . 1 . 9 Carried Over 4217 . 1 . 9	The table account for September 1775 continued from the total of £8 13s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £8 13s 0d Beef, 154 lb, £1 18s 6d Mutton, 194 lb, £4 0s 10d Fowls, 6, £0 9s 0d Ducks, 2, £0 3s 0d Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d Sugar candy, 82 lb, £2 1s 0d Flour, 530 lb, £4 19s 4½d Lamb, 1, £0 10s 0d Total from the stores, £22 19s 8½d Bought for the table Fowls, 28, £2 2s 0d Turkeys, 3, £0 15s 0d Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d Pigs, 4, £1 0s 0d Beef, 128½ lb at 6d a lb, £3 4s 3d Beef, 14½ lb at 3½d a lb, £0 4s 2d Total bought for the table, £7 10s 5d The Anson brought the following supplies from Bengal, valued in current rupees, annas and pies. Invoice of the ship Anson Fine rice, 60 bags weighing 120 bazaar maunds at [...] a maund, 259 rupees 3 annas 3 pies Paddy, 40 bags weighing 60 factory maunds at 14 annas a maund, 52 rupees 8 annas 0 pies Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds at 9 rupees a maund, 180 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds at 60 rupees a maund, 480 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Gunny cloth, 2 bales containing 500 pieces at 16 [...], 86 rupees 6 annas 6 pies Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers at 216 rupees a leaguer, 432 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Bengal rum, sent as a trial, ½ leaguer at 135 rupees, 135 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Madeira wine, 6 pipes at 400 rupees a pipe, 2,592 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Carried forward, 4,217 rupees 1 anna 9 pies Interpretations The Anson brought the six pipes of Madeira whose absence the Council had complained of to Bengal on 24 June 1775. That letter could not yet have reached Calcutta, so Bengal had simply sent the yearly supply late, with the first ship of the new season. The wine cost far more than everything else on the invoice put together. The same cargo again held ten bags of sugar and two bales of gunny cloth, the two items the Council had asked Bengal to stop sending. The half leaguer of Bengal rum came as a trial. Bengal was starting to distil rum from its own sugar cane, and it offered the island a sample as a possible replacement for arrack bought from the Dutch at Batavia. If the garrison took to it, the Company could supply St Helena's spirit from its own territory and keep the money out of Dutch hands.
270	263	1775 Brought Over 4217 . 1 . 9 Charges Merchandize 15 Jute Twine @ 4 . 8 pr. Md. 1 . 11 .. 25 Jute Rope @ 3 . 8 do. 2 . 3 .. 20 Chuttys @ 15 as. pr. % 3 . 3 . 9 3 Pr. Cowrah of 16 Cobits @ 1 . 4 pr. Pr. 4 .. 9 3 Nails @ 17 as. pr. Md. 1 . 4 . 6 80 Reed Matts @ 12 . 8 pr. % 10 . 12 . 9 4 Mango Plank Chests @ 3 pr. do. 12 . 15 . 6 4 Oil .. 1 .. 180 Gunney Bags @ 22 as. pr. % 42 . 12 . 3 Carpenters Work .. 9 . 6 Peons 2 . 2 . 6 Packermens Work 2 . 7 . 3 Weighmens Work 1 . 8 .. Cooley hire 33 . 12 . 6 Dust 2 .. 6 Coopers Work 2 . 2 . 6 Boat hire 4 . 5 . 3 Sloop Hire 189 .. 317 .. 6 Current Rupees 4534 . 2 . 3 Errors Excepted (Signed) Wm. Larkins Sub Accountant John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Anson's invoice continued from the total of 4,217 rupees 1 anna 9 pies brought forward, with the charges on the goods. Brought forward, 4,217 rupees 1 anna 9 pies Charges on the goods Jute twine, 15 seers at 4 rupees 8 annas a maund, 1 rupee 11 annas 0 pies Jute rope, 25 seers at 3 rupees 8 annas a maund, 2 rupees 3 annas 0 pies Chutties, 20 at 15 annas a score, 3 rupees 3 annas 9 pies Gurrah cloth of 16 cubits, 3 pieces at 1 rupee 4 annas a piece, 4 rupees 0 annas 9 pies Nails, 3 seers at 17 annas a maund, 1 rupee 4 annas 6 pies Reed mats, 80 at 12 rupees 8 annas per 100, 10 rupees 12 annas 9 pies Mango-wood chests, 4 at 3 rupees each, 12 rupees 15 annas 6 pies Oil, 4 seers, 0 rupees 1 anna 0 pies Gunny bags, 180 at 22 annas per [...], 17 rupees 12 annas 3 pies Carpenters' work, 0 rupees 9 annas 6 pies Peons in attendance, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pies Packers' work, 2 rupees 7 annas 3 pies Weighmen's work, 1 rupee 8 annas 0 pies Coolies' hire, 33 rupees 12 annas 6 pies Duty, 2 rupees 0 annas 6 pies Coopers' work, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pies Boat hire, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pies Sloop hire, 189 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Total charges, 317 rupees 0 annas 6 pies Total in current rupees, 4,534 rupees 2 annas 3 pies William Larkins signed the invoice as sub-accountant, subject to correction of any errors. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham also signed it. Interpretations Sloop hire rose to 189 rupees, against 135 rupees on the Bute and the Pacific earlier in the year. The six heavy pipes of Madeira needed more space and handling on the long trip down the Hooghly to the ship's anchorage. Coolies' hire rose for the same reason. The cost of moving goods from Calcutta to the ship again came to more than half of all the charges, the hidden expense that made Bengal's goods dear by the time they reached St Helena.
271	264	16 October At a Consultation held on Monday the 16 Day of October 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 9 October 1775. We this Day received the following Letter from the Reverend Mr. Robartes Carr. To the Worshipful the Governor and Council of St. Helena. Worshipful Sir and Sirs, I beg leave with all due respect to observe, that there has been no addition made to the Library the Honorable Company were generously pleased to grant their Servants since its first Establishment in the Year, one thousand seven hundred and sixty eight, and as it is very probable there may have been some new publications since that period, worthy of being added to so judicious a Collection, I am certain they would be very acceptable to the Honble. Company's Servants in General as well as to me in particular. The Monthly Review and Annual Register are the only Books, belonging to the Library, that point out an addition to themselves, The last Volume of the Monthly Review is the 36th for the Year 1767, the last Vol. of the Annual Register is the 9th for the Year 1766.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 16 October 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 9 October 1775. The Council received a letter from the chaplain, the Reverend Robartes Carr, addressed to the Governor and Council. He pointed out that nothing had been added to the library since the Company generously granted it to its servants in 1768. Many new books worth adding to so valuable a collection had probably been published since then. He was sure that new titles would be welcomed by the Company's servants in general, and by himself in particular. Carr noted that only the Monthly Review and the Annual Register were series that grew with each new volume. The library's last volume of the Monthly Review was the 36th, for 1767, and its last volume of the Annual Register was the 9th, for 1766 [continues]. Interpretations The Company had set up the library in 1768 for its servants on the island, and it was among the few sources of learning or news open to them. Carr's request turned on the two periodicals, which were the library's only regular link to the world beyond the island. The Monthly Review carried notices of new books, and the Annual Register gave a yearly survey of politics, history and science. Both had stopped at 1766 and 1767, so the island's readers had gone eight years without news of the books, debates and events that filled them. That gap covered the growing quarrel with the American colonies, which by 1775 had broken into open war.
272	265	1775 Should you, Sirs vouchsafe to make any mention of this in your Letter to the Honorable Court of Directors, you will confer an Honor and obligation, on Your most Obt. humble Servant (Signed) 16 October 1775 Robartes Carr Chaplain The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Anson Viz. Account of Stores short received c q lb 12 . 1 . 23 Rice .. 1 . 22 Sugar .. .. 2 Candles Short Weight 40 Bags Paddy 2 Bales Gunney Short Delivered 2 Leagers Arrack Viz. Gage, Wants to fill No. 1: Gage 134 Gallons, Wants to fill 8 Gallons No. 2: Gage 128 Gallons, Wants to fill 7 Gallons Total: Gage 262 Gallons, Wants to fill 15 Gallons Gallons 247 Received 1 Half Leager Rum Gages 64 Gallons wants to fill 11 Gallons Gallons 53 Received 6 Pipes Madeira Wine Viz. Gage, Wants to fill No. 1: Gage 110 Gallons, Wants to fill 8 Gallons No. 2: Gage 112 Gallons, Wants to fill 9 Gallons No. 3: Gage 112 Gallons, Wants to fill 6 Gallons No. 4: Gage 110 Gallons, Wants to fill 6 Gallons No. 5: Gage 110 Gallons, Wants to fill 7 Gallons No. 6: Gage 112 Gallons, Wants to fill 7 Gallons Total: Gage 666 Gallons, Wants to fill 43 Gallons Gallons 623 Received St. Helena 16th Oct. 1775 (Signed) Jonn. Doveton S. Keeper	Carr closed by asking the Council to mention the matter in its next letter to the Court of Directors, which he would count as a great favour. He signed the letter as chaplain on 16 October 1775. The storekeeper presented the following account of stores found short on delivery from the Anson. Jonathan Doveton signed it at St Helena on 16 October 1775. Stores short delivered from the ship Anson Rice, 12 cwt 1 qr 23 lb, short in weight Sugar, 0 cwt 1 qr 22 lb, short in weight Wax candles, 0 cwt 0 qr 2 lb, short in weight Paddy, 40 bags, not delivered Gunny cloth, 2 bales, not delivered Arrack, leaguer number 1, gauged at 134 gallons, 8 gallons short Arrack, leaguer number 2, gauged at 128 gallons, 7 gallons short Arrack, total gauged 262 gallons, 15 gallons short, 247 gallons received Rum, half leaguer gauged at 64 gallons, 11 gallons short, 53 gallons received Madeira wine, pipe number 1, gauged at 110 gallons, 8 gallons short Madeira wine, pipe number 2, gauged at 112 gallons, 9 gallons short Madeira wine, pipe number 3, gauged at 112 gallons, 6 gallons short Madeira wine, pipe number 4, gauged at 110 gallons, 6 gallons short Madeira wine, pipe number 5, gauged at 110 gallons, 7 gallons short Madeira wine, pipe number 6, gauged at 112 gallons, 7 gallons short Madeira wine, total gauged 666 gallons, 43 gallons short, 623 gallons received Interpretations The whole consignment of paddy and both bales of gunny cloth failed to arrive, though Bengal had charged the island for them. Goods missing in full, not merely short, pointed to their never having been loaded or to their being left behind in the hold for another port. The island had no use for the gunny cloth and had asked Bengal to stop sending it, so that loss mattered little. The paddy was another matter, being cheap feed for the Company's poultry and horses. The Madeira lost 43 gallons from six pipes, more than six per cent. The rum sent as a trial lost 11 gallons from 64, almost a sixth. Some wine and spirit always seeped through the staves of a cask on a long voyage in heat, but losses on this scale invited suspicion of tapping by the crew. The gauged figure for each cask, taken at Calcutta, gave the Council exact evidence of every shortfall to set against the ship's account.
273	266	16 October We this Day received the following Report from the Storekeeper and his Assistants. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena Worshipful Sir & Sirs Pursuant to your Directions we have examined all the Honble. Company's Salt Provision landed here from Ships Osterley and Hampshire, Enclosed is an Account of the Numbers of Casks and Quality of said Provision. We are Worshipful Sir & Sirs with respect 16 October 1775. Your most Obed. & hble. Servants (Signed) Jonn. Doveton James Desfountain Robt. Leech.	The storekeeper and his assistants sent the Governor and Council a further report on 16 October 1775. As directed, they had now examined all the Company's salt provisions landed from the Osterley and the Hampshire. They enclosed an account giving the number of each cask and the quality of the meat inside it. Jonathan Doveton, James Desfountain and Robert Leech signed the report. Interpretations The examiners had reported on part of the casks on 8 July 1775, and the Council's order of 3 July 1775 had told them to carry on until every cask was checked. Three months later they had finished the whole stock. A complete list of cask numbers and their condition gave the Court of Directors evidence against the contractor for every bad cask. A sample alone would have let him argue that the rest had been sound.
274	267	1775 A State of the Salt Provision as received from England pr. Ships Osterley and Hampshire. Cask numbers examined Osterley, good beef, cask number 8 Osterley, good beef, cask number 25 Osterley, good beef, cask number 20 Osterley, good beef, cask number 11 Osterley, good beef, cask number 66 Osterley, good beef, cask number 48 Osterley, good beef, cask number 6 Osterley, good beef, cask number 44 Osterley, good beef, cask number 7 Osterley, good beef, cask number 49 Osterley, good beef, cask number 56 Osterley, good beef, cask number 52 Osterley, good beef, cask number 36 Osterley, good beef, cask number 78 Osterley, good beef, cask number 23 Osterley, good beef, cask number 45 Osterley, good beef, cask number 28 Osterley, good beef, cask number 30 Osterley, good beef, cask number 32 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 37 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 26 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 61 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 77 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 31 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 87 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 72 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 12 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 19 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 33 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 38 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 82 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 73 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 13 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 17 Osterley, good pork, 134 Hogsheads Hampshire, good beef, cask number 110 Hampshire, good beef, cask number 141 Hampshire, good beef, cask number 109 Hampshire, good beef, cask number 143 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 93 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 146 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 128 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 100 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 123 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 90 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 120 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 150 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 113 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 125 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 97 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 96 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 124 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 117 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 136 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 137 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 114 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 142 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 148 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 142 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 112 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 108 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 121 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 147 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 126 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 98 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 134 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 131 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 108 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 92 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 115 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 129 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 95 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 98 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 91 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 102 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 122 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 130 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 116 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 295 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 155 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 246 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 271 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 291 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 187 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 155 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 214 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 179 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 157 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 293 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 212 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 278 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 165 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 183 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 252 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 167 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 251 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 199 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 259 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 283 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 253 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 191 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 266 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 235 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 181 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 236 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 232 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 300 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 224 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 154 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 277 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 209 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 161 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 163 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 299 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 173 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 245 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 270 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 240 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 236 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 180 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 166 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 176 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 153 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 237 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 182 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 254 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 163 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 174 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 162 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 267 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 259 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 292 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 269 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 285 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 170 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 206 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 243 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 282 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 172 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 284 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 249 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 281 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 255 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 186 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 276 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 251 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 171 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 261 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 159 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 237 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 246 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 156 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 244 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 274 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 248 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 279 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 164 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 250 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 298 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 227 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 229 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 272 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 264 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 222 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 197 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 132 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 196 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 226 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 195 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 175 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 168 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 194 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 216 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 263 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 261 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 234 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 233 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 207 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 221 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 218 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 231 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 213 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 210 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 189 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 249 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 200 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 192 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 273 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 267 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 178 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 49 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 258 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 262 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 270 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 168 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 193 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 288 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 211 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 198 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 208 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 206 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 203 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 180 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 192 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 236 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 294 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 205 (Signed) Jonn. Doveton James Desfountain Robt. Leech The Paymaster this Day brought in his Accounts and the Storekeeper his Collections for the Quarter Commencing the 1 July and ending the 30 September last, which were Examined, approved and are as follow, Viz.	The storekeeper and his assistants enclosed the following statement of the salt provisions received from England by the Osterley and the Hampshire. Jonathan Doveton, James Desfountain and Robert Leech signed it. Salt provisions received from England by the ships Osterley and Hampshire Osterley, good beef, cask number 8 Osterley, good beef, cask number 25 Osterley, good beef, cask number 20 Osterley, good beef, cask number 11 Osterley, good beef, cask number 66 Osterley, good beef, cask number 43 Osterley, good beef, cask number 6 Osterley, good beef, cask number 44 Osterley, good beef, cask number 7 Osterley, good beef, cask number 49 Osterley, good beef, cask number 56 Osterley, good beef, cask number 53 Osterley, good beef, cask number 36 Osterley, good beef, cask number 78 Osterley, good beef, cask number 23 Osterley, good beef, cask number 45 Osterley, good beef, cask number 2 Osterley, good beef, cask number 30 Osterley, good beef, cask number 32 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 37 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 26 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 6 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 77 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 31 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 87 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 72 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 12 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 69 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 33 Osterley, middling beef, cask number 38 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 82 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 73 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 13 Osterley, bad beef, cask number 17 Osterley, good pork, 134 hogsheads Hampshire, good beef, cask number 110 Hampshire, good beef, cask number 141 Hampshire, good beef, cask number 109 Hampshire, good beef, cask number 143 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 93 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 146 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 138 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 100 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 123 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 90 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 120 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 150 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 113 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 125 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 97 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 96 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 124 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 117 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 136 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 137 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 114 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 142 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 145 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 112 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 103 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 121 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 147 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 126 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 98 Hampshire, middling beef, cask number 134 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 131 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 108 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 92 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 115 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 129 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 95 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 99 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 91 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 102 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 122 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 130 Hampshire, bad beef, cask number 116 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 295 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 155 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 296 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 271 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 291 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 187 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 185 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 214 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 179 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 157 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 293 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 212 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 278 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 165 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 188 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 252 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 167 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 254 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 199 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 259 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 283 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 253 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 191 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 266 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 235 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 181 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 236 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 232 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 300 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 224 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 154 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 277 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 209 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 161 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 163 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 299 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 173 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 265 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 270 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 240 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 286 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 180 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 166 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 176 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 153 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 287 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 182 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 258 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 168 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 174 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 162 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 267 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 289 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 292 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 269 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 285 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 170 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 206 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 243 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 282 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 172 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 284 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 247 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 281 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 268 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 276 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 251 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 171 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 261 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 159 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 237 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 246 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 156 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 244 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 274 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 248 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 279 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 164 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 250 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 298 Hampshire, good pork, cask number 227 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 229 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 272 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 264 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 222 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 197 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 132 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 196 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 226 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 195 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 175 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 265 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 194 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 216 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 263 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 261 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 234 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 233 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 207 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 221 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 218 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 231 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 213 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 210 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 186 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 249 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 200 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 122 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 273 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 267 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 178 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 49 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 258 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 262 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 270 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 168 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 193 Hampshire, middling pork, cask number 288 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 211 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 198 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 208 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 206 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 203 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 130 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 192 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 236 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 294 Hampshire, bad pork, cask number 205 The paymaster presented his accounts, and the storekeeper his collections, for the quarter from 1 July to 30 September 1775. The Council examined and approved both. Interpretations The full survey confirmed the pattern found in July 1775. The Osterley's pork was sound throughout, all 134 hogsheads, and most of her beef was good. The Hampshire's beef was the worst of the season, with only four casks good out of nearly fifty. Her pork was better, but nearly a third of it was middling or bad. The contrast between the two ships' cargoes, packed in the same year, pointed to a fault in one contractor's work, not in the voyage. The cask numbers now let the Court of Directors trace each bad cask back to the packer who filled it.
275	268	16 October List of the Honble. Company's Officers and Servants upon the Island of St. Helena with their several Salary's Diet Money &c. for the Quarter ending the 30th day of September 1775. John Skottowe Esqr. Governor 150 .. do. Allowance for Servants 31 . 4 . 9 181 . 14 . 9 Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor 62 . 10 . do. Diet Money 25 .. 87 . 10 . Matthew Bazett Esqr. of Council 22 . 10 . do. Accountant 27 . 10 . do. Diet Money 15 .. 65 .. William Wrangham Esqr. of Council 10 .. do. Diet Money 15 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 .. do. Assistant to the Governor 10 .. do. Paymaster 27 . 10 . 65 .. Robartes Carr Chaplain 55 Jonathan Doveton Storekeeper 27 . 10 do. Diet Money 15 . do. House Rent 2 . 10 45 . Britanl. Alexander Wright Secretary 27 . 10 do. Diet Money 15 . 42 . 10 James Tippet Engineer 50 . John Goodwin Factor 12 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 do. Collector of the Customs 12 . 10 37 . 10 James Desfountain Factor 12 . 10 . do. Diet Money 10 . do. House Rent 2 . 10 do. Assist. Storekeeper 5 . 30 . Carried Over £ 659 . 4 . 9	The Company's officers and servants on St Helena drew the following salaries, diet money and allowances for the quarter ending 30 September 1775. List of the Company's officers and servants and their pay, quarter ending 30 September 1775 John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d Total for John Skottowe, £181 14s 9d Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d Total for Daniel Corneille, £87 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, member of Council, salary, £22 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, accountant, £27 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for Matthew Bazett, £65 0s 0d William Wrangham, member of Council, salary, £10 0s 0d William Wrangham, diet money, £15 0s 0d William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d William Wrangham, assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d William Wrangham, paymaster, £27 10s 0d Total for William Wrangham, £65 0s 0d Robartes Carr, chaplain, £55 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £15 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Jonathan Doveton, £45 0s 0d Britannicus Alexander Wright, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d Britannicus Alexander Wright, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for Britannicus Alexander Wright, £42 10s 0d James Tippet, engineer, £50 0s 0d John Goodwin, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d John Goodwin, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Goodwin, house rent, £2 10s 0d John Goodwin, collector of customs, £12 10s 0d Total for John Goodwin, £37 10s 0d James Desfountain, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d James Desfountain, assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d Total for James Desfountain, £30 0s 0d Carried forward, £659 4s 9d
276	269	1775 Brought Over £ 659 . 4 . 9 Willm. Webber Doveton Factor 12 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 25 .. Robert Leech Writer 7 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 do. Clerk of the Works 6 . 16 . 10½ 26 . 16 . 10½ John Doveton Writer 7 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 . 10 20 . Nathaniel Kennedy Writer 7 . 10 do. Diet Money 10 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 20 . John Congreve Judge Advocate 12 . 10 do. Schoolmaster 7 . 10 do. House Rent 2 . 10 22 . 10 Thomas Stroud Surgeon 19 . 15 do. Diet Money 10 .. do. House Rent 2 . 10 32 . 5 . David Kay Surgeons Mate 13 . 15 do. Diet Money 10 .. 23 . 15 . Philip Mahoney Clerk of the Peace 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 36 . 14 . 4½ John Young Steward to 17 July 1 . 7 . 8½ do. Overg. the Bake House .. 10 . 9½ 1 . 18 . 6 George Lamb Steward from 18 July 6 . 2 . 9 do. Overg. the Bake House 2 . 8 . 9½ 8 . 11 . 6 Thomas Bazett Superintt. of the Works 25 Solomon St. Maurice Mast. at Arms 6 . 5 . Carried Over £ 908 . 1 ..	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £659 4s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £659 4s 9d William Webber Doveton, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d William Webber Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d William Webber Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Webber Doveton, £25 0s 0d Robert Leech, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d Robert Leech, diet money, £10 0s 0d Robert Leech, house rent, £2 10s 0d Robert Leech, clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d Total for Robert Leech, £26 16s 10½d John Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d John Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Doveton, £20 0s 0d Nathaniel Kennedy, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d Nathaniel Kennedy, diet money, £10 0s 0d Nathaniel Kennedy, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Nathaniel Kennedy, £20 0s 0d John Congreve, judge advocate, salary, £12 10s 0d John Congreve, schoolmaster, £7 10s 0d John Congreve, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Congreve, £22 10s 0d Thomas Stroud, surgeon, salary, £19 15s 0d Thomas Stroud, diet money, £10 0s 0d Thomas Stroud, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Stroud, £32 5s 0d David Kay, surgeon's mate, salary, £13 15s 0d David Kay, diet money, £10 0s 0d Total for David Kay, £23 15s 0d Philip Mahoney, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 7s 6d Philip Mahoney, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Philip Mahoney, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Philip Mahoney, £36 14s 4½d John Young, steward, to 17 July 1775, £1 7s 8½d John Young, overseeing the bakehouse, to 17 July 1775, £0 10s 9½d Total for John Young, £1 18s 6d George Lambe, steward, from 18 July 1775, £6 2s 9d George Lambe, overseeing the bakehouse, from 18 July 1775, £2 8s 9½d Total for George Lambe, £8 11s 6d Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d Carried forward, £908 1s 0d Interpretations David Kay, appointed in June 1775, now drew a salary of £13 15s 0d and diet money of £10 0s 0d as surgeon's mate. His predecessor Thomas Statham had received a single sum with no diet money, because as an army lieutenant he already drew his board through his military rank. Kay was a civilian surgeon with no such second income, so the Company paid him diet money in the usual way. Together with the right to private practice granted by the Court, this brought Kay much closer to Stroud's position. It explains why Stroud asked in July 1775 for his own salary to be raised. John Young's pay as steward stopped on 17 July 1775, the day the Council granted his request to leave. George Lambe took over the next day, and the two men's pay was divided by the day, as with the soldiers.
277	270	16th October Brought Over £ 908 . 1 Samuel Alexander John Worrall Overseers 7 . 10 15 .. John Robinson Carpenter 25 .. Simon Whaley Carpenters Mate 12 . 10 Henry Wingfield Masons Mate 20 .. John Daniels do. Apprentice 12 . 10 Joseph Seager Armr. 15 .. Joseph Griffiths Cooper 15 .. James Carmichell Gardener 10 .. John Price Marshall and Goaler 7 . 10 Isaac Clark Groom 2 .. John Joyce Clock & Instrument maker 1 . 5 John King Patroon 7 . 10 Thomas Yates Clerk of the Parish 6 . 10 The Drum Major Instructing the Young Drumrs. 1 .. Hugh Jones Superintt. of the Blacks 10 .. John Scott Registermaster 10 .. First Company Viz. Daniel Corneille Captain 59 . 6 . 3 Charles Ross Stewart Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 .. do. Adjutant 18 . 5 .. 54 . 19 . 4½ James Elgin Lieutenant 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Richard Knipe Lieutenant 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ William Roberts Town Adjutant 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 .. 36 . 14 . 4½ John Leech Cadet 7 . 13 . 4 Carried Over £ 1313 . 8 . 1	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £908 1s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £908 1s 0d Samuel Alexander, overseer, £7 10s 0d John Worrall, overseer, £15 0s 0d John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d Simon Whaley, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d Henry Wingfield, mason's mate, £20 0s 0d John Daniels, mason's apprentice, £12 10s 0d Joseph Seager, armourer, £15 0s 0d Joseph Griffiths, cooper, £15 0s 0d James Carmichael, gardener, £10 0s 0d John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d Isaac Clark, groom, £2 0s 0d John Joyce, clock and instrument maker, £1 5s 0d John King, patron of the longboat, £7 10s 0d Thomas Yates, parish clerk, £6 10s 0d The drum major, for training the young drummers, £1 0s 0d Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d John Scott, register master, £10 0s 0d First Company Daniel Corneille, captain, £59 6s 3d Charles Ross Stewart, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Charles Ross Stewart, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Charles Ross Stewart, house rent, £2 10s 0d Charles Ross Stewart, adjutant, £18 5s 0d Total for Charles Ross Stewart, £54 19s 4½d James Elgin, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d James Elgin, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for James Elgin, £34 4s 4½d Richard Knipe, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Richard Knipe, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Richard Knipe, £34 4s 4½d William Roberts, town adjutant, salary, £27 7s 6d William Roberts, diet money, £6 16s 10½d William Roberts, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Roberts, £36 14s 4½d John Leech, cadet, £7 13s 4d Carried forward, £1,313 8s 1d Interpretations Charles Ross Stewart now drew £2 10s 0d in house rent, an allowance he had not received in earlier quarters. The Council had promised him one of the new houses on 26 June 1775, but they were still unfinished. Until he could move in, the Company paid his rent on the lodging he had to find after his landlord reclaimed his old house. John Leech took the cadet's place that Richard Knipe had left in June 1775, so the First Company again had a young gentleman training for a commission.
278	271	1775 Brought Over £ 1313 . 8 . 1 Sergeants Viz. James Mannaton 7 . 13 . 4 Abraham Jarvis 7 . 13 . 4 Andrew Alexander 7 . 13 . 4 William Hardie 7 . 13 . 4 John Potts 7 . 13 . 4 George Roe 7 . 13 . 4 46 Corporals Viz. John Desborough 5 . 7 . 4 Jon. Bartlett 5 . 7 . 4 Willm. Warner 5 . 7 . 4 Wm. Goalby 5 . 7 . 4 James Mc. Shane 5 . 7 . 4 John Gaele 5 . 7 . 4 32 . 4 . Drummers Viz. John Truils 5 . 7 . 4 Richd. Halfpot 5 . 7 . 4 George Walls 5 . 7 . 4 16 . 2 Private Viz. Richd. Ashton 3 . 16 . 8 John Atwood 3 . 16 . 8 Edward Aldridge 3 . 16 . 8 Timothy Bryson 3 . 16 . 8 Willm. Benson 3 . 16 . 8 Richd. Broom 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Berwick 3 . 16 . 8 Joseph Beecham 3 . 16 . 8 Joseph Batterham 3 . 16 . 8 John Baker 3 . 16 . 8 Edward Banks 3 . 16 . 8 John Bull 3 . 16 . 8 John Brocklebank 3 . 16 . 8 Patrick Conner 3 . 16 . 8 John Charlton 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Coppin 3 . 16 . 8 Ralph Clavering 3 . 16 . 8 Richd. Craigs Private Carried Over £ 69 .. Carried Over £ 1407 . 14 . 1	The list of the First Company continued from the total of £1,313 8s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,313 8s 1d Sergeants James Mannaton, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Abraham Lewis, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Andrew Alexander, sergeant, £7 13s 4d William Hardie, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Potts, sergeant, £7 13s 4d George Roe, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £46 0s 0d Corporals John Desbrough, corporal, £5 7s 4d Jonathan Bartlett, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Warner, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Goalby, corporal, £5 7s 4d James McShane, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Gazell, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £32 4s 0d Drummers John Turner, drummer, £5 7s 4d Richard Halford, drummer, £5 7s 4d George Watts, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £16 2s 0d Privates Richard Ashton, private, £3 16s 8d John Atwood, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Aldridge, private, £3 16s 8d Timothy Bryan, private, £3 16s 8d William Brown, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Brown, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Beswick, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Buchan, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Bottesham, private, £3 16s 8d John Baker, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Banks, private, £3 16s 8d John Bull, private, £3 16s 8d John Brocklebank, private, £3 16s 8d Patrick Conner, private, £3 16s 8d John Charlton, private, £3 16s 8d William Coppin, private, £3 16s 8d Ralph Cheeney, private, £3 16s 8d William Craig, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £69 0s 0d Carried forward, £1,407 14s 1d Interpretations The First Company's sergeants, corporals and drummers served the whole quarter without a single change, after the run of promotions in the spring. Pay rose slightly again, to £7 13s 4d for a sergeant and £3 16s 8d for a private. The quarter from July to September had 92 days, one more than the quarter before. The Company paid its soldiers by the day, so a longer quarter meant a slightly larger sum.
279	272	16 October Brought Over £ 1407 . 14 . 1 Private brought Over £ 69 .. Peter Chapman 3 . 16 . 8 Richard Cook 3 . 16 . 8 James Crookshanks 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Stone 3 . 16 . 8 John Davies 3 . 16 . 8 John Dove 3 . 16 . 8 James Drake 3 . 16 . 8 Adam Evans Decd. the 19 Septr. 3 . 10 .. Willm. Edwards 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Fisher 3 . 16 . 8 John Frake 3 . 16 . 8 Stephen Ferris 3 . 16 . 8 Willm. Greenwood 3 . 16 . 8 John Griffiths 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Gosford 3 . 16 . 8 John Houston 3 . 16 . 8 Philip Hayes 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Houching 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Hendcock 3 . 16 . 8 Bernard Hartier 3 . 16 . 8 John Johnson 3 . 16 . 8 Franl. Ives 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Love 3 . 16 . 8 Patrick Lynch 3 . 16 . 8 Michl. Leonard 3 . 16 . 8 Duncan Mc. Laren 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Mumford 3 . 16 . 8 Willm. Mudge 3 . 16 . 8 John Mc. Allister 3 . 16 . 8 Michl. Mc. Namara 3 . 16 . 8 Peter Moffatt 3 . 16 . 8 Danl. Morgan 3 . 16 . 8 Duncan Mc. Naughton 3 . 16 . 8 Richd. Nichols 3 . 16 . 8 James Neale 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Page 3 . 16 . 8 Charles Pelletier 3 . 16 . 8 Richd. Palmer 3 . 16 . 8 Richd. Paxton 3 . 16 . 8 Private Carried Over £ 218 . 3 . 4 Carried Over £ 1407 . 14 . 1	The list of privates in the First Company continued from a subtotal of £69 0s 0d, with the general total of £1,407 14s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,407 14s 1d Privates brought forward, £69 0s 0d Peter Chapman, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Cook, private, £3 16s 8d James Crookshanks, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Close, private, £3 16s 8d John Davis, private, £3 16s 8d John Dove, private, £3 16s 8d James Drake, private, £3 16s 8d Adam Evans, private, died 22 September 1775, £3 10s 0d William Edwards, private, £3 16s 8d William Fisher, private, £3 16s 8d John Feebe, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Faries, private, £3 16s 8d William Greenwood, private, £3 16s 8d John Griffiths, private, £3 16s 8d William Gosford, private, £3 16s 8d John Houston, private, £3 16s 8d Philip Hayes, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hutching, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hendrick, private, £3 16s 8d Bernard Harter, private, £3 16s 8d John Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Ives, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Love, private, £3 16s 8d Patrick Lynch, private, £3 16s 8d Michael Leonard, private, £3 16s 8d Duncan McLaren, private, £3 16s 8d William Munford, private, £3 16s 8d William Mudge, private, £3 16s 8d John McAllister, private, £3 16s 8d Michael McNamara, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Moffatt, private, £3 16s 8d Daniel Morgan, private, £3 16s 8d Duncan McNaughton, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Nichols, private, £3 16s 8d James Neale, private, £3 16s 8d William Page, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Pilliter, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Palmer, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Paxton, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £218 3s 4d Carried forward, £1,407 14s 1d
280	273	1775 Brought Over £ 1407 . 14 . 1 Private brought Over £ 218 . 3 . 4 Willm. Pruitt 3 . 16 . 8 John Pagle 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Robinson 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Rogers 3 . 16 . 8 Anthy. Reynolds 3 . 16 . 8 John Revell 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Saxby 3 . 16 . 8 Joseph Stacey 3 . 16 . 8 James Snell 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Smelt 3 . 16 . 8 Gregory Southerwood 3 . 16 . 8 John Small 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Sommervelle 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Seale from 5 July 3 . 13 . 4 John Tanton 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Townsend 3 . 16 . 8 John Taylor 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Taylor 3 . 16 . 8 George Thomas 3 . 16 . 8 Benjn. Wise 3 . 16 . 8 George Wall 3 . 16 . 8 Barthw. Welch 3 . 16 . 8 John Walters 3 . 16 . 8 Henry Wood 3 . 16 . 8 John Waterfield 3 . 16 . 8 Edward Wickenden 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Westbury 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Wright 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Wilders 3 . 16 . 8 Willm. Webb 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Windall 3 . 16 . 8 Edward Hayes Fife 3 . 16 . 8 John Ellis 3 . 16 . 8 Franl. Jones 348 . 6 . 8 Carried Over £ 1756 .. 9 Margin Notes: m	The list of privates in the First Company continued from a subtotal of £218 3s 4d, with the general total of £1,407 14s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,407 14s 1d Privates brought forward, £218 3s 4d William Pevett, private, £3 16s 8d John Pugle, private, £3 16s 8d William Robinson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Rogers, private, £3 16s 8d Anthony Reynolds, private, £3 16s 8d John Revill, private, £3 16s 8d William Swaby, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Stacey, private, £3 16s 8d James Snell, private, £3 16s 8d William Smelt, private, £3 16s 8d Gregory Southerwood, private, £3 16s 8d John Small, private, £3 16s 8d William Sommerville, private, £3 16s 8d William Seale, private, from 5 July 1775, £3 13s 4d John Stanton, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Townsend, private, £3 16s 8d John Taylor, private, £3 16s 8d William Taylor, private, £3 16s 8d George Thomas, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Wise, private, £3 16s 8d George Wall, private, £3 16s 8d Bartholomew Welch, private, £3 16s 8d John Walters, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Wood, private, £3 16s 8d John Waterfield, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Wickendon, private, £3 16s 8d William Westbury, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Wright, private, £3 16s 8d William Wilders, private, £3 16s 8d William Webb, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Windall, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Hayes, fifer, £3 16s 8d John Ellis, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Jones, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates, £348 6s 8d Carried forward, £1,756 0s 9d Interpretations William Seale, the island-born recruit whom the Council enlisted on 3 July 1775 with a £4 0s 0d bounty, drew pay from 5 July 1775. The two days between enlistment and pay were probably taken up with his attestation and the issue of his clothing and arms. Edward Hayes, a private in earlier quarters, now served as fifer at a private's pay. The fife and drum together sounded the calls of the parade ground, and a man who could play was worth taking from the ranks for the purpose.
281	274	16 October Brought Over £ 1756 .. 9 Second Company Viz. James Greentree Lieutenant 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 36 . 14 . 4½ John Bazett Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 .. 36 . 14 . 4½ Arthur Upton Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Sergeants Viz. Franl. Seale 7 . 13 . 4 Willm. Wills 7 . 13 . 4 Joseph Mc. Cartney 7 . 13 . 4 John Sheens 7 . 13 . 4 Wm. Carter 7 . 13 . 4 Mark Trueman 7 . 13 . 4 46 . Corporals Viz. Henry Batchelder 5 . 7 . 4 Robt. Withers 5 . 7 . 4 John Richards 5 . 7 . 4 Geo. Clancy 5 . 7 . 4 John Terrell 5 . 7 . 4 Henry Yates 5 . 7 . 4 32 . 4 Drummers Viz. Benjn. Seale 5 . 7 . 4 John Wyrell 5 . 7 . 4 10 . 14 . 8 Private Viz. Timothy Atherton 3 . 16 . 8 John Ash 3 . 16 . 8 Danl. Bye 3 . 16 . 8 Charles Brewer 3 . 16 . 8 Andrew Boswell 3 . 16 . 8 Private Carried Over £ 19 . 3 . 4 Carried Over £ 1952 . 12 . 6½	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued with the Second Company, from the total of £1,756 0s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,756 0s 9d Second Company James Greentree, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d James Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d James Greentree, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Greentree, £36 14s 4½d John Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Arthur Upton, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Arthur Upton, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Arthur Upton, £34 4s 4½d Sergeants Francis Seale, sergeant, £7 13s 4d William Wells, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Joseph McCartney, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Stevens, sergeant, £7 13s 4d William Carter, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Mark Tyeman, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £46 0s 0d Corporals Henry Batchelder, corporal, £5 7s 4d Robert Withers, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Richards, corporal, £5 7s 4d George Clancy, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Terrell, corporal, £5 7s 4d Henry Yates, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £32 4s 0d Drummers Benjamin Seale, drummer, £5 7s 4d John Wyatt, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Privates Timothy Allaster, private, £3 16s 8d John Ash, private, £3 16s 8d David Bye, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Bruce, private, £3 16s 8d Andrew Boswell, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £19 3s 4d Carried forward, £1,952 12s 6½d Interpretations The Second Company still had no captain. Henry Bazett's pay had stopped on 8 May 1775, when he sailed home to fetch his daughter, and no one had been appointed in his place. The Council had promised to support his return with his rank, so it left the captaincy open. The company was run by its three lieutenants, two of whom now drew house rent while they waited for quarters.
282	275	1775 Brought Over £ 1952 . 12 . 6½ Private brought Over £ 19 . 3 . 4 John Cunningham 3 . 16 . 8 John Coffee 3 . 16 . 8 Ferring Clamp 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Chankley 3 . 16 . 8 George Chapman 3 . 16 . 8 Willm. Dunnan 3 . 16 . 8 Danl. Duce 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Davis 3 . 16 . 8 Peter Ellam 3 . 16 . 8 James Every 3 . 16 . 8 John Eames 3 . 16 . 8 Jonah Edwards 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Fullwood 3 . 16 . 8 John Fellows 3 . 16 . 8 Richd. Fox 3 . 16 . 8 John Goodsole 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Green 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Griffiths 3 . 16 . 8 Josiah Gentleman 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Graysmith 3 . 16 . 8 Saml. Hiles 3 . 16 . 8 John Holbrooke 3 . 16 . 8 James Hudson 3 . 16 . 8 John Ham 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Hardie 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Harrison 3 . 16 . 8 John Hayage 3 . 16 . 8 Geo Hatch 3 . 16 . 8 Edward Hughes 3 . 16 . 8 Henry Hargate 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Hendon 3 . 16 . 8 Jacob Hiram 3 . 16 . 8 John Hughes 3 . 16 . 8 Hendrick Hoffstatt 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Hart 3 . 16 . 8 Charles Holloway 3 . 16 . 8 Saml. Instone 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Johnston 3 . 16 . 8 John James Private Carried Over £ 168 . 13 . 4 Carried Over £ 1952 . 12 . 6½	The list of privates in the Second Company continued from a subtotal of £19 3s 4d, with the general total of £1,952 12s 6½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,952 12s 6½d Privates brought forward, £19 3s 4d John Cunningham, private, £3 16s 8d John Coffee, private, £3 16s 8d Fanning Clamp, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Chankley, private, £3 16s 8d George Chapman, private, £3 16s 8d William Conman, private, £3 16s 8d Daniel Duce, private, £3 16s 8d William Davis, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Ellam, private, £3 16s 8d James Every, private, £3 16s 8d John Eames, private, £3 16s 8d Jonah Edwards, private, £3 16s 8d William Fulwood, private, £3 16s 8d John Fellows, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Fox, private, £3 16s 8d John Gorsch, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Green, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Griffiths, private, £3 16s 8d Josiah Gentleman, private, £3 16s 8d William Gunswick, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Hiles, private, £3 16s 8d John Holebrook, private, £3 16s 8d James Hudson, private, £3 16s 8d John Ham, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Hardie, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Harrison, private, £3 16s 8d John Haynge, private, £3 16s 8d George Hatch, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Hughes, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Heigate, private, £3 16s 8d William Hinden, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Horam, private, £3 16s 8d John Hughes, private, £3 16s 8d Hendrick Hoffstall, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hart, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Holloway, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Instone, private, £3 16s 8d William Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d John James, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £168 13s 4d Carried forward, £1,952 12s 6½d
283	276	16 October Brought Over £ 1952 . 12 . 6½ Private brought Over £ 168 . 13 . 4 Richd. Jerram 3 . 16 . 8 Andrew Jocalcomb 3 . 16 . 8 Willm. Jones 3 . 16 . 8 Arthur Jennings 3 . 16 . 8 Henry Kirkham 3 . 16 . 8 John King 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Little 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Lee 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Lambley 3 . 16 . 8 James Laddy 3 . 16 . 8 Charles Lockstone 3 . 16 . 8 John Monroe 3 . 16 . 8 John Mc. Cullen 3 . 16 . 8 Peter Mahan 3 . 16 . 8 Joseph Middleton 3 . 16 . 8 Isaac Muskett 3 . 16 . 8 Joseph Miller 3 . 16 . 8 James Maloney 3 . 16 . 8 Patrick Mc. Lauchlin 3 . 16 . 8 Reeves Osborne 3 . 16 . 8 Jacob Peters 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Paddom 3 . 16 . 8 Richd. Page 3 . 16 . 8 Simon Pick 3 . 16 . 8 Hans Peter 3 . 16 . 8 John Phillips 3 . 16 . 8 John Roberts 3 . 16 . 8 Owen Raccoon 3 . 16 . 8 Peter Roberts 3 . 16 . 8 Saml. Reddish 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Rattle 3 . 16 . 8 John Christ. Shuft 3 . 16 . 8 Fredk. Sheffer 3 . 16 . 8 John Salisbury 3 . 16 . 8 James Stone 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Smith 3 . 16 . 8 Baptista Tibbett 3 . 16 . 8 Benjn. Thomas 3 . 16 . 8 Ralph Tedman 3 . 16 . 8 Private Carried Over £ 318 . 3 . 4 Carried Over £ 1952 . 12 . 6½ Margin Notes: 100	The list of privates in the Second Company continued from a subtotal of £168 13s 4d, with the general total of £1,952 12s 6½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,952 12s 6½d Privates brought forward, £168 13s 4d Richard Ingram, private, £3 16s 8d Andrew Isacomb, private, £3 16s 8d William Jones, private, £3 16s 8d Arthur Jennings, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Kirkham, private, £3 16s 8d John King, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Little, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Lee, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Lambley, private, £3 16s 8d James Liddy, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Lockstone, private, £3 16s 8d John Morris, private, £3 16s 8d John McCullen, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Mahan, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Minith, private, £3 16s 8d Isaac Mushett, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Miller, private, £3 16s 8d James Maloney, private, £3 16s 8d Patrick McLauchlin, private, £3 16s 8d Reeves Osborne, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Peters, private, £3 16s 8d William Paddon, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Page, private, £3 16s 8d Simon Peck, private, £3 16s 8d Hans Peter, private, £3 16s 8d John Phillips, private, £3 16s 8d John Roberts, private, £3 16s 8d Owen Raccoon, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Roberts, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Reddish, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Rattle, private, £3 16s 8d John Christian Ruff, private, £3 16s 8d Frederick Sheffer, private, £3 16s 8d John Salisbury, private, £3 16s 8d James Stone, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Smith, private, £3 16s 8d Baptista Sibbet, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Thomas, private, £3 16s 8d Ralph Tidman, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £318 3s 4d Carried forward, £1,952 12s 6½d
284	277	1775 Brought Over £ 1952 . 12 . 6½ Private brought Over £ 318 . 3 . 4 John Vaughan 3 . 16 . 8 John Walters 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Warren 3 . 16 . 8 Richd. White 3 . 16 . 8 James Wells 3 . 16 . 8 James Willson 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Watts 3 . 16 . 8 Franl. Meares to 24th July 1 .. 346 .. Third Company Viz. John Howard Captain 59 . 6 . 3 Saml. Desfountain Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 .. 36 . 14 . 4½ Robt. Gurling Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 .. 36 . 14 . 4½ Sergeants Viz. John Terry Sergt. Major 12 . 5 . 4 John Drake 7 . 13 . 4 Thos. Kilsch 7 . 13 . 4 James Youd 7 . 13 . 4 George German 7 . 13 . 4 John Anderson 7 . 13 . 4 50 . 12 Corporals Viz. Richd. Pearce 5 . 7 . 4 John Johnson 5 . 7 . 4 Joseph Wrights 5 . 7 . 4 James Roberts 5 . 7 . 4 Stephen Trueman 5 . 7 . 4 Thos. Williams 5 . 7 . 4 32 . 4 . Drummers Viz. James Moyce 5 . 7 . 4 Robt. Tyrell 5 . 7 . 4 10 . 14 . 8 Carried Over £ 2524 . 18 . 2½	The list of privates in the Second Company ended, and the Third Company began, from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £1,952 12s 6½d Privates brought forward, £318 3s 4d John Vaughan, private, £3 16s 8d John Walters, private, £3 16s 8d William Warren, private, £3 16s 8d Richard White, private, £3 16s 8d James Wells, private, £3 16s 8d James Willson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Watts, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Mears, private, to 24 July 1775, £1 0s 0d Total for privates, £346 0s 0d Third Company John Howard, captain, £59 6s 3d Samuel Desfountain, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Samuel Desfountain, £36 14s 4½d Robert Girling, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Robert Girling, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Robert Girling, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Girling, £36 14s 4½d Sergeants John Terry, sergeant major, £12 5s 4d John Veale, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Pilcock, sergeant, £7 13s 4d James Ward, sergeant, £7 13s 4d George Germon, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Anderson, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £50 12s 0d Corporals Richard Pearce, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Johnson, corporal, £5 7s 4d Joseph Wright, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Roberts, corporal, £5 7s 4d Stephen Truman, corporal, £5 7s 4d Thomas Williams, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £32 4s 0d Drummers James Moyce, drummer, £5 7s 4d Robert Tyrell, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Carried forward, £2,524 18s 2½d Interpretations Francis Mears's pay ended on 24 July 1775, the day the Council granted his discharge at the end of his term. He was the man paid for baking the garrison's bread in the second quarter. Leaving the ranks freed him to work as a baker or trader on the island without the duties of a soldier. Robert Girling now drew house rent alongside Samuel Desfountain. More officers were being paid rent each quarter while the new houses stood unfinished, which added to the cost of the delay.
285	278	16 October Brought Over £ 2524 . 18 . 2½ Private Viz. John Allen 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Ashfield 3 . 16 . 8 Joseph Blackwell 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Blackman 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Bailey 3 . 16 . 8 Richd. Bickerstaff 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Caleb Baldwin 3 . 16 . 8 Jeremiah Butcher 3 . 16 . 8 John Bates 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Buckles 3 . 16 . 8 John Broad 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Bicknell 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Blake 3 . 16 . 8 Caleb Broadway 3 . 16 . 8 John Brown 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Cooksey 3 . 16 . 8 Richd. Close 3 . 16 . 8 Josiah Cummings 3 . 16 . 8 John Clemans 3 . 16 . 8 John Collins 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Coleman 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Dawson 3 . 16 . 8 James Dennis 3 . 16 . 8 John Deane 3 . 16 . 8 James Deighton 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Dorman 3 . 16 . 8 Charles Field 3 . 16 . 8 Franl. Flinn 3 . 16 . 8 David Fowler 3 . 16 . 8 Geo. Green 3 . 16 . 8 John Gillmore 3 . 16 . 8 Edward German 3 . 16 . 8 Fredk. Gallisse 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Golding 3 . 16 . 8 Joseph Gross 3 . 16 . 8 John Germain 3 . 16 . 8 Benjn. Gerrard 3 . 16 . 8 Henry Heenburgh 3 . 16 . 8 Roger Haydon 3 . 16 . 8 Private Carried Over £ 149 . 10 Carried Over £ 2524 . 18 . 2½	The list of privates in the Third Company began from the general total of £2,524 18s 2½d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,524 18s 2½d Privates John Allen, private, £3 16s 8d William Ashfield, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Blackwell, private, £3 16s 8d William Blackman, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Bailey, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Bickerstaff, private, £3 16s 8d William Caleb Baldwin, private, £3 16s 8d Jeremiah Butcher, private, £3 16s 8d John Bates, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Buckles, private, £3 16s 8d John Bead, private, £3 16s 8d William Bucknell, private, £3 16s 8d William Blake, private, £3 16s 8d Caleb Broadway, private, £3 16s 8d John Brown, private, £3 16s 8d William Cooksey, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Close, private, £3 16s 8d Josiah Cummins, private, £3 16s 8d John Clemans, private, £3 16s 8d John Collins, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Coleman, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Dawson, private, £3 16s 8d James Dennis, private, £3 16s 8d John Deane, private, £3 16s 8d James Deighton, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Denman, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Field, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Flory, private, £3 16s 8d David Fowler, private, £3 16s 8d George Green, private, £3 16s 8d John Gilmore, private, £3 16s 8d Edward German, private, £3 16s 8d Frederick Gallese, private, £3 16s 8d William Golding, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Goss, private, £3 16s 8d John Germaine, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Gerrard, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Hanenburgh, private, £3 16s 8d Roger Haydon, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £149 10s 0d Carried forward, £2,524 18s 2½d
286	279	1775 Brought Over £ 2524 . 18 . 2½ Private brought Over £ 149 . 10 .. Thomas Hilliard 3 . 16 . 8 James Hawkins 3 . 16 . 8 Peter Hanlin 3 . 16 . 8 Willm. Haddon 3 . 16 . 8 Joseph Havet 3 . 16 . 8 John Haywood 3 . 16 . 8 Christr. Johnson 3 . 16 . 8 Thomas Johnson 3 . 16 . 8 John Joyce 3 . 16 . 8 James Jordan 3 . 16 . 8 John Jones 3 . 16 . 8 Richard Jackson 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Lyne 3 . 16 . 8 Charles Lewellen 3 . 16 . 8 John Latham 3 . 16 . 8 Stephen Lissett 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Mc. Dearman 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. May 3 . 16 . 8 John Moyce 3 . 16 . 8 Joseph Middleton 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Nichols from 17th July 3 . 3 . 4 Danl. Patrick 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Parker 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Pritchard 3 . 16 . 8 John Pink 3 . 16 . 8 John Phare 3 . 16 . 8 Willm. Powell 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Parkinson 3 . 16 . 8 Christr. Pattisher 3 . 16 . 8 James Richardson 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Stedman Decd. 21 July .. 17 . 6 John Smith 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Smith 3 . 16 . 8 Charles Smith 3 . 16 . 8 James Sea 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Stevens 3 . 16 . 8 John Stockdell 3 . 16 . 8 Peter Shores 3 . 16 . 8 James Savory Private Carried Over £ 295 . 7 . 6 Carried Over £ 2524 . 18 . 2½ Margin Notes: 100	The list of privates in the Third Company continued from a subtotal of £149 10s 0d, with the general total of £2,524 18s 2½d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,524 18s 2½d Privates brought forward, £149 10s 0d Thomas Hilliard, private, £3 16s 8d James Hawkins, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Hanlin, private, £3 16s 8d William Hadden, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Hewett, private, £3 16s 8d John Highwood, private, £3 16s 8d Christopher Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d John Joyce, private, £3 16s 8d James Jordan, private, £3 16s 8d John Jones, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Jackson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Kyne, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Lewellen, private, £3 16s 8d John Latham, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Lipsett, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas McGrannan, private, £3 16s 8d Robert May, private, £3 16s 8d John Moyse, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Middleton, private, £3 16s 8d William Nichols, private, from 17 July 1775, £3 3s 4d Daniel Patrick, private, £3 16s 8d William Parker, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Pritchard, private, £3 16s 8d John Pink, private, £3 16s 8d John Phare, private, £3 16s 8d William Purcell, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Parkinson, private, £3 16s 8d Christopher Pettiker, private, £3 16s 8d James Richardson, private, £3 16s 8d William Stedman, private, died 21 July 1775, £0 17s 6d John Smith, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Smith, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Smith, private, £3 16s 8d James Sax, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Stevens, private, £3 16s 8d John Stockdale, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Shoas, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Savory, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £295 7s 6d Carried forward, £2,524 18s 2½d Interpretations William Nichols joined the Third Company on 17 July 1775, the same day the Council enlisted the deserters William Roberts and Thomas Owen. He was perhaps one of those two men entered under another name, or a third man taken on at the same sitting. William Stedman's pay stopped on 21 July 1775, the day the Council's minutes of 22 July recorded his death.
287	280	16 October Brought Over £ 2524 . 18 . 2½ Private brought Over £ 295 . 7 . 6 John Turner 3 . 16 . 8 Richd. Turner 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Tucker 3 . 16 . 8 Saml. Willson 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Willson 3 . 16 . 8 John Wood 3 . 16 . 8 George Wood 3 . 16 . 8 Peter White 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Woody 3 . 16 . 8 John Windall 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Webb 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Wickens 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Walton 3 . 16 . 8 345 . 4 . 2 Fourth Company Viz. Solomon St. Maurice Captain 59 . 6 . 3 Thomas Bazett Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 .. 36 . 14 . 4½ Thomas Statham Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do. House Rent 2 . 10 .. 36 . 14 . 4½ Watkin Greentree Lieut. 27 . 7 . 6 do. Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 4 . 4½ Sergeants Viz. Wm. Clifton 7 . 13 . 4 Thos. Blake 7 . 13 . 4 James York 7 . 13 . 4 Thos. Ferris 7 . 13 . 4 Wm. Bridgford 7 . 13 . 4 Joseph Dayley to 17 Septr. 6 . 11 . 8 Walton Walker from 18 do. 1 . 1 . 8 46 .. Carried Over £ 3083 . 1 . 9	The list of privates in the Third Company ended, and the Fourth Company began, from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £2,524 18s 2½d Privates brought forward, £295 7s 6d John Turner, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Turner, private, £3 16s 8d William Tucker, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Willson, private, £3 16s 8d William Willson, private, £3 16s 8d John Wood, private, £3 16s 8d George Wood, private, £3 16s 8d Peter White, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Woodey, private, £3 16s 8d John Wendall, private, £3 16s 8d William Webb, private, £3 16s 8d William Wickens, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Walton, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates, £345 4s 2d Fourth Company Solomon St Maurice, captain, £59 6s 3d Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Thomas Statham, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Statham, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Statham, £36 14s 4½d Walter Greentree, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Walter Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Walter Greentree, £34 4s 4½d Sergeants William Clifton, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Blake, sergeant, £7 13s 4d James York, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Francis, sergeant, £7 13s 4d William Bridgeford, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Joseph Dailey, sergeant, to 17 September 1775, £6 11s 8d Hatten Walker, sergeant, from 18 September 1775, £1 1s 8d Total for sergeants, £46 0s 0d Carried forward, £3,083 1s 9d Interpretations Thomas Statham began drawing house rent this quarter. He had given up the post of assistant surgeon in June 1775, and with it probably the quarters that went with the hospital. As a lieutenant without a Company house, he now joined the officers whose lodgings the Company paid for until the new houses were ready. Sergeant Joseph Dailey's pay stopped on 17 September 1775, and the corporal Hatten Walker replaced him the next day. The minutes for that week record no death or discharge for Dailey, so he was perhaps reduced or moved to other duties.
288	281	1775 Brought Over £ 3083 . 1 . 9 Corporals Viz. Walton Walker to 17 September 4 . 12 . 2 Jacob Bone 5 . 7 . 4 Samuel Johnson 5 . 7 . 4 John Gorringe 5 . 7 . 4 Wm. Hamilton 5 . 7 . 4 Michael Tooley 5 . 7 . 4 John Kelly from 18th September .. 15 . 2 32 . 4 .. Drummers Viz. John Martin 5 . 7 . 4 Willm. Venn 5 . 7 . 4 10 . 14 . 8 Private Viz. James Anderson 3 . 16 . 8 John Arden 3 . 16 . 8 Jeremiah Absbert 3 . 16 . 8 John Allen 3 . 16 . 8 Jacob Bull 3 . 16 . 8 John Blenhorn 3 . 16 . 8 Fredk. Wm. Beard 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Barff 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Bailey 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Beale 3 . 16 . 8 John Brown 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Bond 3 . 16 . 8 Jeffery Bond 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Brown 3 . 16 . 8 John Cook 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Courts 3 . 16 . 8 Benjn. Courtney 3 . 16 . 8 Geo Chevriott 3 . 16 . 8 James Curtis 3 . 16 . 8 James Creacy 3 . 16 . 8 Maurice Downey 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Downs 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Drury 3 . 16 . 8 John Deane 3 . 16 . 8 George Dadd 3 . 16 . 8 Jacob Davis 3 . 16 . 8 Private Carried Over £ 99 . 13 . 4 Carried Over £ 3126 .. 5	The list of the Fourth Company continued from the total of £3,083 1s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,083 1s 9d Corporals Hatten Walker, corporal, to 17 September 1775, £4 12s 2d Jacob Penn, corporal, £5 7s 4d Samuel Johnson, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Grainge, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Hamilton, corporal, £5 7s 4d Michael Tooley, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Kelly, corporal, from 18 September 1775, £0 15s 2d Total for corporals, £32 4s 0d Drummers John Martin, drummer, £5 7s 4d William Venn, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Privates James Anderson, private, £3 16s 8d John Arden, private, £3 16s 8d Jeremiah Abbutt, private, £3 16s 8d John Allen, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Bull, private, £3 16s 8d John Blinkhorn, private, £3 16s 8d Frederick William Brand, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Buff, private, £3 16s 8d William Bailey, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Burke, private, £3 16s 8d John Brown, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Bond, private, £3 16s 8d Jeffery Bond, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Brown, private, £3 16s 8d John Cook, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Coutts, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Courtney, private, £3 16s 8d George Charnott, private, £3 16s 8d James Curtis, private, £3 16s 8d James Carsey, private, £3 16s 8d Maurice Conney, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Downs, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Curry, private, £3 16s 8d John Deane, private, £3 16s 8d George Dodd, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Davis, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £99 13s 4d Carried forward, £3,126 5s 0d Interpretations The single vacancy left by Sergeant Joseph Dailey on 17 September 1775 moved two men up. The corporal Hatten Walker became a sergeant the next day, and John Kelly was promoted to fill Walker's place as corporal. The company kept its six sergeants and six corporals at full strength through the change.
289	282	16 October Brought Over £ 3126 .. 5 Private brought Over £ 99 . 13 . 4 Joseph Dayley from 18 Septr. .. 10 . 10 Willm. Edwards 3 . 16 . 8 Charles Edgels 3 . 16 . 8 John Ferguson 3 . 16 . 8 Charles Frazier 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Ford 3 . 16 . 8 Owen Griffiths 3 . 16 . 8 Robt. Green 3 . 16 . 8 John Gray 3 . 16 . 8 Felix Hyder 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Hopkins Decd. 20th Septr. 3 . 8 . 4 Joseph Holloway 3 . 16 . 8 Peter Higgens 3 . 16 . 8 Edward Hazell 3 . 16 . 8 Saml. Harsant 3 . 16 . 8 John Howe 3 . 16 . 8 John Harper 3 . 16 . 8 John Jacks 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Jamison 3 . 16 . 8 Joseph Jones 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Johnson 3 . 16 . 8 Richard Johnson 3 . 16 . 8 James Kemp 3 . 16 . 8 John Kelly from 18th Septr. 3 . 5 . 10 Edward Lamburn 3 . 16 . 8 John Lane 3 . 16 . 8 Philip Paggett 3 . 16 . 8 Richd. Moyce 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Morris 3 . 16 . 8 Abraham Major 3 . 16 . 8 Joseph Martin 3 . 16 . 8 Charles Morris 3 . 16 . 8 Charles Mannsieur 3 . 16 . 8 Andw. Nodling 3 . 16 . 8 James Oliphant 3 . 16 . 8 Thos. Owens from 11th July 3 . 8 . 4 Thos. Perry 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Pickiss 3 . 16 . 8 Wm. Powell 3 . 16 . 8 Private Carried Over £ 244 . 10 .. Carried Over £ 3126 .. 5 Margin Notes: 100	The list of privates in the Fourth Company continued from a subtotal of £99 13s 4d, with the general total of £3,126 0s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,126 0s 5d Privates brought forward, £99 13s 4d Joseph Dailey, private, from 18 September 1775, £0 10s 10d William Edwards, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Edgels, private, £3 16s 8d John Ferguson, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Frazier, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Ford, private, £3 16s 8d Owen Griffiths, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Green, private, £3 16s 8d John Gray, private, £3 16s 8d Felix Hyder, private, £3 16s 8d William Hopkins, private, died 20 September 1775, £3 8s 4d Joseph Holloway, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Higgins, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Harell, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Harsant, private, £3 16s 8d John Home, private, £3 16s 8d John Harper, private, £3 16s 8d John Jacks, private, £3 16s 8d William Jamison, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Jones, private, £3 16s 8d William Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d James Kemp, private, £3 16s 8d John Kelly, private, to 17 September 1775, £3 5s 10d Edward Lamburn, private, £3 16s 8d John Lane, private, £3 16s 8d Philip Liggett, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Moyce, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Morris, private, £3 16s 8d Abraham Major, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Martin, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Morris, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Mannering, private, £3 16s 8d Andrew Nodling, private, £3 16s 8d James Oliphant, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Owens, private, from 17 July 1775, £3 3s 4d Thomas Pons, private, £3 16s 8d William Purkiss, private, £3 16s 8d William Powell, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £244 10s 0d Carried forward, £3,126 0s 5d Interpretations Joseph Dailey went from sergeant straight to private on 18 September 1775. Skipping the rank of corporal marked a heavy punishment, of the kind given for drunkenness on duty or insolence to an officer. The minutes record no hearing, so the decision was probably taken by his captain or a regimental court martial and appeared only in the pay list. Thomas Owens, entered from 17 July 1775, was the deserter Thomas Owen whom Fort Marlborough had sent back and whom the Council re-enlisted that day with a £3 0s 0d bounty. He was placed in the Fourth Company, not in his old one. William Hopkins was the private found dead in a gully near Longwood, and his pay closed on the day his body was found.
290	283	1775 Brought Over £ 3126 .. 5 Private brought Over £ 244 10 .. David Patton 3 16 8 Walter Pritchard 3 16 8 John Payne 3 16 8 John Power 3 16 8 Willm. Pratt 3 16 8 Geo. Richardson 3 16 8 Mattw. Robinson 3 16 8 Edward Ryley 3 16 8 Adam Scott 3 16 8 Arthur Shell 3 16 8 Richard Slaughter 3 16 8 Stephen Seymore 3 16 8 David Storer 3 16 8 Fran. Shambier 3 16 8 Andrew Sherman 3 16 8 Thos. Smith 3 16 8 Thos. Taylor 3 16 8 Geo. Towns 3 16 8 John Thompson 3 16 8 Jacob Thompson 3 16 8 John Towns 3 16 8 Rudolph Teisser 3 16 8 Thos. Ward 3 16 8 Willm. Walker 3 16 8 Henry Williams 3 16 8 James Wood 3 16 8 James White 3 16 8 Thos. Hayes Fife 351 16 8 Artillery Company Viz. 59 6 3 James Tippett Captain 27 7 6 John Shirley Lieut. 6 16 10½ do. Diet Money 2 10 .. do. House Rent 36 14 4½ John Molloy Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 34 4 4½ Carried Over £ 3608 9 1	The list of privates in the Fourth Company ended, and the Artillery Company began, from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £3,126 0s 5d Privates brought forward, £244 10s 0d David Patten, private, £3 16s 8d Walter Pritchard, private, £3 16s 8d John Payne, private, £3 16s 8d John Prior, private, £3 16s 8d William Pratt, private, £3 16s 8d George Richardson, private, £3 16s 8d Matthew Robinson, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Ryley, private, £3 16s 8d Adam Scott, private, £3 16s 8d Arthur Shell, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Slaughter, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Seymore, private, £3 16s 8d David Stone, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Shambeir, private, £3 16s 8d Andrew Stoneman, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Smith, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Taylor, private, £3 16s 8d George Towns, private, £3 16s 8d John Thompson, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Thompson, private, £3 16s 8d John Towns, private, £3 16s 8d Rudolph Teshay, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Ward, private, £3 16s 8d William Walker, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Williams, private, £3 16s 8d James Wood, private, £3 16s 8d James White, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hayes, fifer, £3 16s 8d Total for privates, £351 16s 8d Artillery Company James Tippet, captain, £59 6s 3d John Skelley, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d John Skelley, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Skelley, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Skelley, £36 14s 4½d James Molloy, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d James Molloy, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for James Molloy, £34 4s 4½d Carried forward, £3,608 2s 1d Interpretations John Skelley of the artillery now also drew house rent, joining Stewart, Greentree, John Bazett, Girling and Statham. Six officers were paid lodging allowances this quarter, together about £15 0s 0d, while the three new houses remained unfinished. Every quarter's delay added to that cost, which helps explain why the Council kept pressing Tippet to complete them as quickly as possible.
291	284	16 October Brought Over £ 3608 2 1 Sergeants Viz. John Whitchurch 9 4 .. John Turner 9 4 .. James Lissett 9 4 .. Saml. Ringrove 9 4 .. Wm. Stapleford 9 4 .. John Smith 9 4 .. 55 4 Corporals Viz. Thomas Yates 6 18 .. Thomas Price 6 18 .. Thos. Wade 6 18 .. Thos. Farr 6 18 .. John Love 6 18 James Munnings 6 18 41 8 .. Bombardiers Viz. James Campbell 6 18 .. John McNabb 6 18 James Dawson 6 18 Robt. Cunningham 6 18 27 12 .. Gunners Viz. Richd. Waltenhouse 6 2 8 Saml. Sacher to 14th August 3 .. .. Joseph Peile 6 2 8 Mark Balls 6 2 8 Thos. Alsworth 6 2 8 John Blackwell 6 2 8 Wm. Hamilton 6 2 8 James Baird 6 2 8 Thomas Tilley 6 2 8 52 1 4 Drummers Viz. Joseph Branson 5 7 4 Peter Fox 5 7 4 Wm. Gosling Fife 4 12 .. 15 6 8 Carried Over £ 3799 14 1	The list of the Artillery Company continued from the total of £3,608 2s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,608 2s 1d Sergeants John Whitchurch, sergeant, £9 4s 0d John Turner, sergeant, £9 4s 0d James Parfet, sergeant, £9 4s 0d Samuel Bengrove, sergeant, £9 4s 0d William Stapleford, sergeant, £9 4s 0d John Smith, sergeant, £9 4s 0d Total for sergeants, £55 4s 0d Corporals Thomas Yates, corporal, £6 18s 0d Thomas Price, corporal, £6 18s 0d Thomas Waite, corporal, £6 18s 0d Thomas Fear, corporal, £6 18s 0d John Love, corporal, £6 18s 0d James Mannings, corporal, £6 18s 0d Total for corporals, £41 8s 0d Bombardiers James Campbell, bombardier, £6 18s 0d John McNabb, bombardier, £6 18s 0d James Dawson, bombardier, £6 18s 0d Robert Cunningham, bombardier, £6 18s 0d Total for bombardiers, £27 12s 0d Gunners Richard Waterhouse, gunner, £6 2s 8d Samuel Parker, gunner, to 14 August 1775, £3 0s 0d Joseph Peele, gunner, £6 2s 8d Mark Balls, gunner, £6 2s 8d Thomas Allsworth, gunner, £6 2s 8d John Blackwell, gunner, £6 2s 8d William Hamilton, gunner, £6 2s 8d James Baird, gunner, £6 2s 8d Thomas Tiller, gunner, £6 2s 8d Total for gunners, £52 1s 4d Drummers Joseph Branson, drummer, £5 7s 4d Peter Fox, drummer, £5 7s 4d William Gissing, fifer, £4 12s 0d Total for drummers, £15 6s 8d Carried forward, £3,799 14s 1d Interpretations The gunner Samuel Parker's pay stopped on 14 August 1775, the day of a Council meeting that recorded no death, discharge or court martial. His place among the gunners was not filled during the quarter, so the artillery ran one gunner short through September. The matross who might have been promoted to replace him would show up in the following list if the vacancy were filled from below.
292	285	1775 Brought Over £ 3799 14 1 Matrosses Viz. Willm. Allen 4 12 .. John Anderson 4 12 .. James Anderson 4 12 .. Charles Abraham 4 12 .. Richd. Ashew 4 12 .. Benjn. Burston 4 12 .. Joseph Bowman 4 12 .. John Barchard 4 12 .. Stephen Barrett 4 12 .. Thos. Bowen 4 12 .. Thos. Blake 4 12 .. John Cope 4 12 .. John Coleman 4 12 .. Mattw. Craven 4 12 .. John Corbett 4 12 .. Thos. Connell 4 12 .. John Clark 4 12 .. Anthy. Clark 4 12 .. Isaac Clark 4 12 .. Robt. Davidson 4 12 .. John Euston 4 12 .. Joseph Fellows 4 12 .. Joseph Finlinson 4 12 .. Wm. Faircliff 4 12 .. Christ. Greenawald 4 12 .. Richard Gibbs 4 12 .. Charles Grierson 4 12 .. Owen Howard 4 12 .. Mullis Hooper 4 12 .. Willm. Harrison 4 12 .. Maynard Hayes 4 12 .. Wm. Hurst 4 12 .. Wm. Holloway 4 12 .. John Hide 4 12 .. James Judge 4 12 .. Thomas Jones Matrosses Carried Over £ 165 12 .. Carried Over £ 3799 14 1 Margin Notes: 100	The list of matrosses in the Artillery Company began from the general total of £3,799 14s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,799 14s 1d Matrosses William Allen, matross, £4 12s 0d John Anderson, matross, £4 12s 0d James Anderson, matross, £4 12s 0d Charles Abraham, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Achors, matross, £4 12s 0d Benjamin Burton, matross, £4 12s 0d Joseph Bowman, matross, £4 12s 0d John Burchard, matross, £4 12s 0d Stephen Barrett, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Bowen, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Blake, matross, £4 12s 0d John Cope, matross, £4 12s 0d John Coleman, matross, £4 12s 0d Matthew Craven, matross, £4 12s 0d John Corbett, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Connell, matross, £4 12s 0d John Clark, matross, £4 12s 0d Anthony Clark, matross, £4 12s 0d Isaac Clark, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Davidson, matross, £4 12s 0d John Euston, matross, £4 12s 0d Joseph Fellows, matross, £4 12s 0d Joseph Fenlinson, matross, £4 12s 0d William Fancliff, matross, £4 12s 0d Christopher Greenawald, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Gibbs, matross, £4 12s 0d Charles Grierson, matross, £4 12s 0d Owen Howard, matross, £4 12s 0d Mullis Hooper, matross, £4 12s 0d William Hannsen, matross, £4 12s 0d Maynard Hayes, matross, £4 12s 0d William Hurst, matross, £4 12s 0d William Holloway, matross, £4 12s 0d John Hyde, matross, £4 12s 0d James Judge, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Jones, matross, £4 12s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £165 12s 0d Carried forward, £3,799 14s 1d
293	286	16 October Brought Over £ 3799 14 1 Matrosses brought Over £ 165 12 .. Edward Loyce 4 12 .. Mattw. Kernan 4 12 .. Simon Harman 4 12 .. John Ludham 4 12 .. John Lemmon 4 12 .. Willm. Long 4 12 .. Geo. Marshall Deceased the 12 Septr. 3 14 .. John Moore 4 12 .. John Mann 4 12 .. Davis Martin 4 12 .. Wm. McBeth 4 12 .. Patrick Donald 4 12 .. Patrick Murphy 4 12 .. Richd. Morgan 4 12 .. Matthew Mould 4 12 Richard Mason 4 12 .. Thos. Nimble 4 12 .. Richd. Pearce 4 12 .. John Parker 4 12 .. James Price 4 12 George Perkins 4 12 .. Saml. Packer from 15 Augt. 2 7 .. Wm. Robinson 4 12 .. Robt. Ryley 4 12 .. Chs. Russell 4 12 .. Abra. Reeves 4 12 .. Thos. Richardson 4 12 .. Richard Rowlands 4 12 .. James Renton 4 12 .. Wm. Smith Senr. 4 12 .. Wm. Smith Junr. 4 12 .. Richard Smith 4 12 .. Wm. Shore 4 12 .. Thos. Sibrey 4 12 .. Michl. Scully 4 12 .. Andw. Stark 4 12 .. John Sourlander 4 12 .. Geo. Street 4 12 .. Matrosses Carried Over £ 337 5 .. Carried Over £ 3799 14 1	The list of matrosses in the Artillery Company continued from a subtotal of £165 12s 0d, with the general total of £3,799 14s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,799 14s 1d Matrosses brought forward, £165 12s 0d Edward Joyce, matross, £4 12s 0d Matthew Laggan, matross, £4 12s 0d Simon Kannan, matross, £4 12s 0d John Leedham, matross, £4 12s 0d John Lemmon, matross, £4 12s 0d William Long, matross, £4 12s 0d George Marshall, matross, died 14 September 1775, £3 14s 0d John Moore, matross, £4 12s 0d John Mann, matross, £4 12s 0d Enos Martin, matross, £4 12s 0d William McBeth, matross, £4 12s 0d Patrick McDonald, matross, £4 12s 0d Patrick Murphy, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Morgan, matross, £4 12s 0d Matthew Mould, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Mason, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Nimble, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Pearce, matross, £4 12s 0d John Parker, matross, £4 12s 0d James Price, matross, £4 12s 0d George Pinton, matross, £4 12s 0d Samuel Parker, matross, from 15 August 1775, £2 7s 0d William Robinson, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Ryley, matross, £4 12s 0d Charles Russell, matross, £4 12s 0d Abraham Renew, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Richardson, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Rowlands, matross, £4 12s 0d James Renton, matross, £4 12s 0d William Smith senior, matross, £4 12s 0d William Smith junior, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Smith, matross, £4 12s 0d William Shore, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Sabey, matross, £4 12s 0d Michael Sculley, matross, £4 12s 0d Andrew Stark, matross, £4 12s 0d John Soulander, matross, £4 12s 0d George Street, matross, £4 12s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £337 5s 0d Carried forward, £3,799 14s 1d Interpretations The gunner Samuel Parker became a matross on 15 August 1775, the day after his gunner's pay ended. He was reduced one rank, the same punishment given to Richard Morgan and Nicholas Godfrey in February 1775. His gunner's place was left empty for the rest of the quarter. George Marshall's pay closed with his drowning at Turk's Cap, the death that the inquest of September 1775 found to be accidental.
294	287	1775 Brought Over £ 3799 14 1 Matrosses brought Over £ 337 5 .. John Thompson 4 12 .. John Willson 4 12 .. Saml. Wood 4 12 .. Robt. Wood 4 12 .. Wm. Weeden 4 12 .. John Wilkinson Senr. 4 12 .. John Wilkinson Junr. 4 12 .. Edward Ware 4 12 .. Wm. Weaver 4 12 .. Wm. West 4 12 .. Thos. Wallington 4 12 .. James Walker 4 12 .. 392 9 .. Pensioners Viz. Nathan Sample 13 15 11 Michael Frost 13 15 11 Mary Beale 7 10 .. Elizabeth Kennedy 7 10 .. Elizabeth Powell 6 5 .. 48 16 10 £ 4240 19 11 Margin Notes: 5[6]	The list of matrosses ended, followed by the pensioners and the total pay for the quarter. Brought forward, £3,799 14s 1d Matrosses brought forward, £337 5s 0d John Thompson, matross, £4 12s 0d John Willson, matross, £4 12s 0d Samuel Wood, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Ward, matross, £4 12s 0d William Weeden, matross, £4 12s 0d John Wilkinson senior, matross, £4 12s 0d John Wilkinson junior, matross, £4 12s 0d Edward Ware, matross, £4 12s 0d William Weaver, matross, £4 12s 0d William West, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Wallington, matross, £4 12s 0d James Walter, matross, £4 12s 0d Total for matrosses, £392 9s 0d Pensioners Nathan Sample, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Michael Frost, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Mary Beale, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Kennedy, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Powell, pensioner, £6 5s 0d Total for pensioners, £48 16s 10d Total pay for the quarter, £4,240 19s 11d Interpretations The quarter's pay rose to £4,240 19s 11d, about £100 0s 0d more than the second quarter of 1775. The garrison had lost only a handful of men since June, through the deaths of Stedman, Evans, Hopkins and Marshall and the discharge of Francis Mears. The new lieutenants Knipe, Upton and Molloy now drew a full quarter's pay, and more officers received house rent. The 92-day quarter also raised every man's pay by a few pence. Without new ships, the garrison was stable and its cost crept upward. Elizabeth Powell again drew £6 5s 0d, not the £7 10s 0d paid to Mary Beale and Elizabeth Kennedy. Her pension was evidently set at a lower rate than theirs, not simply begun part way through a quarter as it had first seemed.
295	288	16th October Dr. William Wrangham 1775 July To Cash from the Chest £ 4868 10 10 Carried Over £ 4868 10 10	William Wrangham, as paymaster, was charged with the cash he drew from the Company's treasury chest for the quarter beginning in July 1775. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit July 1775, cash received from the treasury chest, £4,868 10s 10d Carried forward, £4,868 10s 10d Interpretations Wrangham drew £4,868 10s 10d for the third quarter, nearly £500 0s 0d less than the £5,352 11s 2½d of the second quarter, although the garrison's pay had risen. With no ships in the road from late July to early October, there were no provisions to buy for entertaining, no passages to pay for invalids and no large bounties for re-enlisting soldiers. The fall in the paymaster's other spending more than offset the small rise in wages.
296	289	1775 Paymaster Cr. 1775 July By Cash paid for making a Paul for the Church at the Fort £ 3 2 6 By do. paid the Widow Preston her Allowance 5 4 .. By do. paid the Clerk of the Peace for Writing three precepts .. 15 .. By do. paid the Clerk of Arraignments & Cryer of the Court of Justice .. 12 6 By do. paid Adam Evans for repairing Sadlery .. 16 .. By do. paid for hauling up a Sea Cow .. 15 .. By do. paid Mr. McAllister for attending one of the Company's Slave Woman in Child Birth 1 .. .. By do. paid Thos. Hendcock for assisting in the Hospital 2 10 .. By do. paid House Rent for a Shop for the Surgeon 5 .. .. By do. paid Mr. Young for eight Loads of Bamboos for the Plantation House 1 .. .. By do. paid Mr. Mattw. Bazett for 1 Steer Masts and 1 Topmast 15 .. .. By do. paid Captain Tippet for 20 Blankets 12 .. .. By do. paid Mr. Benjamin Seale for Overseeing the Plantations 3 3 .. By do. paid Mr. Worrall for 2600 Yams for the Company's Stock on Long Wood 3 18 .. By do. paid the Fife Major for teaching the Young Fifers two Quarters 4 11 6 By do. paid the Sexton for making Graves for 4 Deceased Soldiers .. 10 .. By do. paid the Lieut. Governor for Mutton 3 .. .. By do. paid for the following for the Castle Viz. for a Sett of Box Casters for a Bedstead£ 0 . 5 .. for a Pr. of Candlesticks 1 . 1 .. for 6½ Yards of Hair Cloth to cover Chairs 1 . 2 . 9 2 8 9 By do. paid Mr. Doveton for 10 Leagues at 4/ & 156 Hogsheads at 4/ 36 4 .. By do. paid Francis Means for Baking 195 Batches of Bread 17 1 3 By do. paid the Coroners Inquest on the Body of Geo. Marshal Deceased 1 5 .. By do. paid do. on the Body of Wm. Hopkins Deceased 1 5 .. By do. paid Rent for a Room to hold the Quarterly Sessions 3 .. .. By do. paid the Marshall and Gaoler for Punishments .. 12 6 Carried Over £ 124 14 ..	The credit side of the paymaster's account recorded his payments from July 1775. Paymaster, credit July 1775 onwards Making a pall for the church at the fort, £3 2s 6d Widow Preston, her allowance, £5 4s 0d The clerk of the peace, for writing three warrants, £0 15s 0d The clerk of arraignments and the crier of the Court of Justice, fees, £0 12s 6d Adam Evans, for repairing saddlery, £0 16s 0d Hauling up a sea cow, £0 15s 0d Mrs McAllister, midwife, for attending one of the Company's slave women in childbirth, £1 0s 0d Thomas Hendrick, for helping at the hospital, £2 10s 0d Rent of a shop for the surgeon, £5 0s 0d John Young, for 8 loads of bamboos for Plantation House, £1 0s 0d Matthew Bazett, for a sheer mast and a topmast, £15 0s 0d Captain Tippet, for 20 blankets, £12 0s 0d Benjamin Seale, for overseeing the plantations, £3 3s 0d John Worrall, for 2,600 yams for the Company's stock at Longwood, £3 18s 0d The fife major, for teaching the young fifers for two quarters, £4 11s 6d The sexton, for digging graves for 4 soldiers who had died, £0 10s 0d The Lieutenant Governor, for mutton, £3 0s 0d Goods for the Castle Set of box castors for a bedstead, £0 5s 0d Pair of candlesticks, £1 1s 0d Haircloth to cover chairs, 6½ yards, £1 2s 9d Total for the Castle, £2 8s 9d Jonathan Doveton, for 10 leaguers at 10s each and 156 hogsheads at 4s each, £36 4s 0d Francis Mears, for baking bread for the garrison, 195 batches, £17 1s 3d The coroner's inquest on the body of George Marshall, £1 5s 0d The coroner's inquest on the body of William Hopkins, £1 5s 0d Rent of a room for holding the quarterly courts, £3 0s 0d The marshal and gaoler, for punishments, £0 12s 6d Carried forward, £124 14s 0d Interpretations The Company paid 15s to haul up a sea cow, almost certainly an elephant seal that had come ashore on the island's coast. These great seals ranged north from the Southern Ocean and sometimes landed on St Helena in the winter months. A single animal could yield several barrels of oil from its blubber. Dragging it up the beach let the Company boil it down for lamp oil, which otherwise had to be bought from passing ships as train oil. The Company paid the costs of the coroner's inquest on each soldier who died by accident, 25s a time. The inquest followed English law, with a jury sworn to view the body. Charging it to the Company kept the procedure in place even when the dead man had no estate to bear the fee. It ensured that no sudden death in the garrison went unexamined. Matthew Bazett sold the Company a sheer mast and a topmast for £15 0s 0d. A sheer mast was a pair of spars lashed together at the top, used as a crane to hoist heavy loads such as guns or ships' masts. Spars large enough for the purpose were scarce on the treeless island. A councillor who had bought them from a passing ship could sell them on to the Company at a good price.
297	290	16th October Dr. William Wrangham 1775 July To Cash brought Over £ 4868 10 10 Carried Over £ 4868 10 10	The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster carried forward the cash he had drawn from the treasury chest, with no new entries. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit July 1775, cash brought forward, £4,868 10s 10d Carried forward, £4,868 10s 10d
298	291	1775 Paymaster Cr. 1775 July Brought Over £ 124 14 .. By Cash paid 2 Expresses upon Alarms .. 10 .. By do. paid Noguda Pocolum and Mass Funge their allowance for Salt Provisions 6 11 .. By do. paid the following Men Enlisting to serve the Honble. Company 5 Years Soldiers Subject to the Articles of War their respt. times to Commence as follows Viz. William Seale 5th July 1775 £ 4 .. William Nichols 17th do. 3 .. 7 .. .. By do. paid the following Men for Relisting to serve the Honble. Company 5 Years longer as Soldiers subject to the Articles of War their respective times to commence as follows Viz. John Willim 15th March 1775 £ 10 .. Wm. Greenwood 3d August do. 15 .. 25 .. .. By do. paid Wm. Hopkins forty shillings who engaged to enlist as a Soldier but since Dead 2 .. .. By do. paid for the following for the use of the Governors Table Viz. 132 Fowls £ 8 8 .. 1 Geese .. 5 .. 16 Turkeys 2 10 .. 12 Pigs 3 .. .. 2 Lambs 1 .. .. 61 Dozn. Eggs 4 11 6 4 New Milk Cheeses 1 2 6 1 Doz. Oranges .. 1 .. 1650 Lemons 2 1 3 2 Cabages .. 2 3 12 lb. Tamarind .. 7 6 2 lb. Curry .. 4 .. 1½ Spice 1 .. .. 30 lb. Pork .. 15 .. 51½ lb. Beef 13 5 6 21 lb. Veal .. 10 6 13 Bottl. Small Ale 1 6 8 39 10 8 Carried Over £ 205 5 8	The paymaster's payments continued from the total of £124 14s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £124 14s 0d Express messengers sent on alarms, 2, £0 10s 0d Nocquedo, Porcolan and Massjunge, their allowance in place of salt provisions, £6 11s 0d Bounty to men enlisting as soldiers for five years under the Articles of War William Seale, from 5 July 1775, £4 0s 0d William Nichols, from 17 July 1775, £3 0s 0d Total bounty for enlisting, £7 0s 0d Bounty to men re-enlisting as soldiers for five more years under the Articles of War John Willson, from 15 March 1775, £10 0s 0d William Greenwood, from 3 August 1775, £15 0s 0d Total bounty for re-enlisting, £25 0s 0d William Hopkins, who had agreed to re-enlist as a soldier but has since died, £2 0s 0d Provisions for the Governor's table Fowls, 132, £8 8s 0d Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d Turkeys, 10, £2 10s 0d Pigs, 12, £3 0s 0d Lambs, 2, £1 0s 0d Eggs, 61 dozen, £4 11s 6d New milk cheeses, 4, £1 2s 6d Oranges, 1 dozen, £0 1s 0d Lemons, 1,650, £2 1s 3d Cabbages, 2, £0 2s 3d Tamarinds, 12 lb, £0 7s 6d Curry powder, 2 lb, £0 4s 0d Spice, 1½ lb, £1 0s 0d Pork, 30 lb, £0 15s 0d Beef, 511½ lb, £12 5s 6d Veal, 21 lb, £0 10s 6d Small ale, ½ butt, £1 6s 8d Total for the Governor's table, £39 10s 8d Carried forward, £205 5s 8d Interpretations William Greenwood received £15 0s 0d to re-enlist on 3 August 1775, half as much again as the £10 0s 0d paid to everyone else that year. No ships were due for two months, and the garrison had lost men through death and discharge with no recruits to replace them. The Council evidently paid more to keep a trained soldier it could not otherwise replace before the new season. William Nichols was a new recruit on the ordinary £3 0s 0d bounty, enlisted on 17 July 1775. He was not one of the two deserters taken back that day, whose bounties were recorded separately. William Hopkins, who died in the gully near Longwood, had already agreed to re-enlist, and his estate received 40s of the bounty, as with James Brown and Samuel Warren earlier in the year. The Governor's table bought 1,650 lemons in one quarter. Lemons grew well in the island's sheltered valleys, and they went into punch, the Castle's chief drink for guests, as well as into cooking. Tamarinds and curry powder came from India and show the Castle's table adopting East Indian tastes brought back by the Company's servants and passengers.
299	292	16 October Dr. William Wrangham 1775 Septr. To Cash brought Over £ 4868 10 10 Carried Over £ 4868 10 10	The cash drawn from the treasury chest stood unchanged on the debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster and was carried forward into September 1775. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit September 1775, cash brought forward, £4,868 10s 10d Carried forward, £4,868 10s 10d
300	293	1775 Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 205 5 8 By Cash paid for the following for the use of the Castle Viz. 2 Globe Lamps £ 2 14 .. 2 Doz. Wine Glasses 1 4 .. 1 Doz. do. do. .. 12 9 4 10 9 By do. paid for the following Work at the New Houses Viz. 212 Days Masons at 1/6 £ 15 18 .. 513 do. Stoneblowers at 1/6 38 9 6 201 do. Carpenters at 1/6 15 1 6 105 do. Smiths at 1/6 7 17 6 67½ do. Overseers at 2/ 6 15 .. 96 do. do. at 1/6 7 4 .. 2180 do. Labourers at 1/ 109 .. .. 200 5 6 By do. paid for the followg. Work repairg. the Plantn. House and makg. a Dairy Viz. 113 Days Masons at 1/6 £ 8 9 6 116 do. Carpenters at 1/6 8 14 .. 17 do. Smiths at 1/6 1 5 6 8 do. Overseers at 1/6 .. 12 .. 9 do. do. at 2/ .. 18 .. 14 do. Painters at 1/6 1 1 .. 1900 do. Labourers at 1/ 95 .. .. 116 .. .. By do. paid for Burning and bringing Lime from Sandy Bay Viz. 91 Days Lime Burner at 1/6 £ 6 16 6 75 do. Overseers at 1/6 5 12 6 26 do. Carpenters at 1/6 1 19 .. 119 do. Sailmakers at 1/6 8 18 6 623½ do. Labourers at 1/ 31 3 6 54 10 .. By do. paid for 60 Days Carpenters work at 1/6 Repairg. the Boats 4 10 .. Carried Over £ 585 1 11	The paymaster's payments continued from the total of £205 5s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £205 5s 8d Goods for the Castle Globe lamps, 2, £2 14s 0d Wine glasses, 2 dozen, £1 4s 0d Wine glasses, 1 dozen, £0 12s 9d Total for the Castle, £4 10s 9d Work at the new houses Masons, 212 days at 1s 6d a day, £15 18s 0d Stone blasters, 513 days at 1s 6d a day, £38 9s 6d Carpenters, 201 days at 1s 6d a day, £15 1s 6d Smiths, 105 days at 1s 6d a day, £7 17s 6d Overseers, 67½ days at 2s a day, £6 15s 0d Overseers, 96 days at 1s 6d a day, £7 4s 0d Labourers, 2,180 days at 1s a day, £109 0s 0d Total for the new houses, £200 5s 6d Work repairing Plantation House and making a dairy Masons, 113 days at 1s 6d a day, £8 9s 6d Carpenters, 116 days at 1s 6d a day, £8 14s 0d Smiths, 17 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 5s 6d Overseers, 8 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 12s 0d Overseers, 9 days at 2s a day, £0 18s 0d Painters, 14 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 1s 0d Labourers, 1,900 days at 1s a day, £95 0s 0d Total for Plantation House and the dairy, £116 0s 0d Burning lime and bringing it in from Sandy Bay Lime burners, 91 days at 1s 6d a day, £6 16s 6d Overseers, 75 days at 1s 6d a day, £5 12s 6d Boatmen, 26 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 19s 0d Sailmakers, 119 days at 1s 6d a day, £8 18s 6d Labourers, 623½ days at 1s a day, £31 3s 6d Total for the lime, £54 10s 0d Carpenters, 60 days at 1s 6d a day, repairing the boats, £4 10s 0d Carried forward, £585 1s 11d Interpretations The lime came from Sandy Bay on the south coast and was brought round to James Bay by boat. Sandy Bay was one of the few places on the island with deposits of shell sand and suitable rock for burning. Carrying the lime by sea avoided a long haul over the island's central ridge, which carts could not yet cross. The sailmakers' 119 days went on sewing and mending the canvas sacks in which it travelled. Stone blasting at the new houses ran to 513 days this quarter, more than in either earlier quarter. The houses were set on hard volcanic rock, which had to be cut away with gunpowder for every foundation and cellar. Much of the 397 lb of powder charged to the artillery for various duties in July 1775 went into this work. The true cost of the houses therefore lay in two accounts, the paymaster's wages and the artillery's powder.
301	294	16 October Dr. William Wrangham 1775 Septr. To Cash brought Over £ 4868 10 10 £ 4868 10 10	The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster closed with the cash from the treasury chest as its only entry. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit September 1775, cash brought forward, £4,868 10s 10d Total, £4,868 10s 10d
302	295	1775 Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 585 1 11 By Cash paid for the following Work repairing the Black House Viz. 22 Days Overseers at 1/6 £ 1 13 .. 7 do. Smiths at 1/6 .. 10 6 197 do. Labourers at 1/ 9 17 .. 12 .. 6 By do. paid for the following Work repairing the Stores and bringing Goods from the Crane Viz. 201 Days Labourers at 1/ £ 10 1 .. 14 do. Masons at 1/6 1 1 .. 12 do. Overseers at 1/6 .. 18 .. 12 .. .. By do. paid for the following Work painting Gun Carriages and making Covers for the Mortars Viz. 28 Days Painters at 1/6 £ 2 2 .. 10 do. Sail Makers at 1/6 .. 15 .. 2 17 .. By do. paid the following Work making Cotts Viz. 26 Days Carpenters at 1/6 £ 1 19 .. 12 do. Sailmakers at 1/6 .. 18 .. 2 17 .. By do. paid for 83 Days Smiths Work at 1/6 Cleang. Small Arms 6 4 6 By do. paid 79 Days Labourers Work at 1/ at St. Geo. Garden in Lg. Wood 3 19 .. By do. paid the following Work making a Cart Viz. 25 Days Carpenters at 1/6 £ 1 17 6 9 do. Smiths at 1/6 .. 13 6 2 11 .. 627 10 11 Amount of Pay Account £ 4240 19 11 4868 10 10 Island St. Helena 30 Septr. 1775 Errors Excepted (Signed) Wm. Wrangham Paymaster	The paymaster's payments for the quarter ended with the total of £585 1s 11d brought forward and the last charges set against it. Brought forward, £585 1s 11d Work repairing the slaves' house Overseers, 22 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 13s 0d Smiths, 7 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 10s 6d Labourers, 197 days at 1s a day, £9 17s 0d Total for the slaves' house, £12 0s 6d Work repairing the stores and bringing goods from the crane Labourers, 201 days at 1s a day, £10 1s 0d Masons, 14 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 1s 0d Overseers, 12 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 18s 0d Total for the stores, £12 0s 0d Work painting gun carriages and making covers for the mortars Painters, 28 days at 1s 6d a day, £2 2s 0d Sailmakers, 10 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 15s 0d Total for the gun carriages and covers, £2 17s 0d Work making cots Carpenters, 26 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 19s 0d Sailmakers, 12 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 18s 0d Total for the cots, £2 17s 0d Smiths, 83 days at 1s 6d a day, cleaning small arms, £6 4s 6d Labourers, 79 days at 1s a day, at the Lieutenant Governor's garden at Longwood, £3 19s 0d Work making a cart Carpenters, 25 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 17s 6d Smiths, 9 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 13s 6d Total for the cart, £2 11s 0d Total of payments, £627 10s 11d Amount of the pay list, £4,240 19s 11d Total, £4,868 10s 10d William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena on 30 September 1775, subject to correction of any errors. The storekeeper's collection for the quarter followed. Interpretations Labour on the Lieutenant Governor's private garden at Longwood was again charged to the Company, 79 days this quarter after 78 in the second. What had looked like a single favour had become a regular allowance, worth about £4 0s 0d a quarter in labourers' wages. It sat alongside his diet money, the candles and oil for his house and the mutton he sold to the Castle table. Like the other perquisites of senior office on the island, it was recorded openly in the accounts sent to the Court of Directors. The slaves' house was repaired in the same quarter that its new drain was dug. The two works together show the Council attending to the compound where the Company's labour force lived, after the heavy losses of slaves recorded in the livestock accounts earlier in 1775.
303	296	16 October Collection of Goods Sold and Delivered out of the Honble. Companys Ware Houses from the 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Sold at 10 per Cent Sugar and Candy Viz. 86 .. 3 .. 1 Sugar 104 19 8 25 . 3 . 7 Candy 60 12 9 165 12 5 Flour Viz. 48 .. 3 .. 1 Flour 340 .. 1 . 6 do. Baked 403 10 4 Rice and Paddy Viz. 30 .. .. 10 Rice 14 7 2 20 . 3 . 7 Paddy 5 .. 3 19 7 5 Sope C. 1 .. 8 19 1 9 Salt 31½ Bushels 5 14 7 Tea Viz. 4 .. .. 8 Single 26 8 4 4 . 1 . 2 Congo 23 18 9 9 .. .. 9 Bohea 37 16 2 4 Cannistr. Hyson 1 17 6 2 do. Souchon .. 16 2 95 16 11 Cordage C. .. .. 4 1 19 2 Coffee 28 lb. 1 2 11 Starch C. .. .. 12 3 17 6 Sago 1 .. 2 3 10 Beef and Pork Viz. 8991 lb. Beef 89 18 .. 3090 do. Pork 309 .. .. 398 18 .. Flannel 26 Yards 2 18 6 Chelloes 46½ Yards 23 10 7 Candles C. .. 25 lb. 8 2 3 Carried Over £ 1161 16 2	The storekeeper's collection covered goods sold and issued from the Company's warehouses from 1 July to 30 September 1775. Collection of goods sold and issued from the Company's warehouses, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Sold at 10 per cent above cost Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 86 cwt 2 qr 1 lb, £104 19s 8d Sugar candy, 25 cwt 3 qr 7 lb, £60 12s 9d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £165 12s 5d Flour Flour, 48 cwt 3 qr 7 lb Flour issued baked, 340 cwt 1 qr 6 lb Total for flour, £403 10s 4d Rice and paddy Rice, 30 cwt 0 qr 10 lb, £14 7s 2d Paddy, 20 cwt 3 qr 7 lb, £5 0s 3d Total for rice and paddy, £19 7s 5d Soap, 6 cwt 1 qr 8 lb, £19 1s 9d Salt, 31½ bushels, £5 14s 7d Tea Singlo tea, 4 cwt 0 qr 8 lb, £26 8s 4d Congou tea, 4 cwt 1 qr 2 lb, £23 18s 9d Bohea tea, 9 cwt 0 qr 9 lb, £37 16s 2d Hyson tea, 4 canisters, £1 17s 6d Souchong tea, 2 canisters, £0 16s 2d Total for tea, £95 16s 11d Cordage, 1 cwt 0 qr 4 lb, £1 19s 2d Coffee, 28 lb, £1 2s 11d Starch, 1 cwt 0 qr 12 lb, £3 17s 6d Sago, 1 cwt 0 qr 0 lb, £2 3s 10d Beef and pork Beef, 899 pieces, £89 18s 0d Pork, 3,090 pieces, £309 0s 0d Total for beef and pork, £398 18s 0d Flannel, 26 yards, £2 18s 6d Chelloes, 46½ pieces, £23 10s 7d Candles, 0 cwt 2 qr 25 lb, £8 2s 3d Carried forward, £1,161 16s 2d Interpretations Flour issued baked fell to 340 cwt, against 485 cwt in each of the two earlier quarters, while rice sales doubled to 30 cwt. The Company was steering the garrison and the settlers from bread to the Bengal rice landed in the summer. Flour from England came only once a year and much of it had proved poor, while rice was arriving with every ship from India. Selling rice in place of bread spared the flour that would have to last until the next season's store ships. Tea sales rose sharply, from about £80 0s 0d in the second quarter to £95 16s 11d, with bohea doubling to 9 cwt. The Royal Charlotte's tea, landed in April 1775, had evidently reached the shelves. Cheap bohea was spreading through the island's households as a daily drink in the cold winter months.
304	297	1775 Brought Over £ 1161 16 2 Lead Viz. .. 3 10 Sheets .. 18 6 .. 2 24 Shott .. 13 9 .. 1 2 Pig .. 5 1 2 2 4 Leather Viz. 3 . 3 .. Sole 20 5 3 21 Calf Skins 12 6 4 32 11 7 Twine Viz. 61 lb. Twine 1 13 7 2½ Cotton Wick .. 7 1 3 Skains Marline .. .. 11 2 3 7 Blankets 2 .. 12 5 Corks Viz. 18½ Gro. Corks 2 5 1 2 do. Sheets .. 1 4 2 6 5 Pease Viz. ⅓ Bushel Pease .. 1 2 ½ do. Groats .. 5 2 .. 6 4 Kersey 8 Yards .. 11 4 Buckram 9½ do. .. 10 10 Iron Pots 18 weight 135 lb. 1 3 1 Spice Viz. 2 . 3 . 26 Pepper 9 7 10 .. .. ½ Nutmegs .. 3 .. 9 10 10 Broad Cloth Viz. 11 Yards Scarlet 12 5 3 11¾ do. Mazn. Blue 11 13 .. 3⅝ do. Light do. 3 4 11 3 do. Dark Brown 7 14 .. 5⅜ do. Black 4 16 1 2⅞ do. Green 2 1 2 2 do. French Grey 1 18 8 6⅞ do. Pompadore 6 13 4 20½ do. Superfine Cassimere 9 12 4 4⅞ do. Black do. 7 3 9 14¼ do. Wilton 2 14 11 64 17 5 Carried Over £ 1278 17 4	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,161 16s 2d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,161 16s 2d Lead Sheet lead, 0 cwt 3 qr 10 lb, £0 18s 6d Lead shot, 0 cwt 2 qr 24 lb, £0 13s 9d Pig lead, 0 cwt 1 qr 2 lb, £0 5s 1d Total for lead, £2 2s 4d Leather Sole leather, 3 cwt 0 qr 5 lb, £20 5s 3d Calfskins, 21, £12 6s 4d Total for leather, £32 11s 7d Twine Twine, 61 skeins, £1 13s 7d Cotton wick, 9½ lb, £0 7s 1d Marline, 3 skeins, £0 0s 11d Total for twine, £2 3s 7d Blankets, 2, £0 12s 5d Corks Corks, 18½ gross, £2 5s 1d Sheet cork, 2 sheets, £0 1s 4d Total for corks, £2 6s 5d Pease Pease, ⅓ bushel, £0 1s 2d Groats, ½ bushel, £0 5s 2d Total for pease, £0 6s 4d Kersey, 8 yards, £0 11s 4d Buckram, 9½ yards, £0 10s 10d Iron pots, 13, weighing 135 lb, £1 3s 1d Spice Pepper, 2 cwt 3 qr 26 lb, £9 7s 10d Nutmegs, ½ lb, £0 3s 0d Total for spice, £9 10s 10d Broadcloth Scarlet broadcloth, 11 yards, £12 5s 3d Mazarine blue broadcloth, 11⅞ yards, £11 13s 0d Light blue broadcloth, 3⅜ yards, £3 4s 11d Dark brown broadcloth, 8 yards, £7 14s 0d Black broadcloth, 5⅜ yards, £4 16s 1d Green broadcloth, 2⅝ yards, £2 1s 2d French grey broadcloth, 2 yards, £1 18s 8d Pompadour broadcloth, 6⅞ yards, £6 13s 4d Buff cassimere, 20½ yards, £9 12s 4d Black cassimere, 4⅞ yards, £2 3s 9d Wilton cloth, 14⅝ yards, £2 14s 11d Total for broadcloth, £64 17s 5d Carried forward, £1,278 17s 4d Interpretations Nearly 3 cwt of pepper was sold this quarter, against a few pounds in earlier quarters. This was the white pepper the Council took from the York's homeward cargo on 17 July 1775, four bags drawn straight from a Company ship bound for London. Taking it at Company cost and selling it at the usual 10 per cent advance turned an emergency purchase into a modest profit, and supplied the island for the year. Sole leather and calfskins sold far more heavily than before, more than £32 0s 0d in a quarter. The island had no tannery of any size, so every pair of shoes made or mended locally used imported leather. The winter months, with wet roads and steep tracks, wore through footwear quickly. Wilton cloth was a cheap woollen from Wiltshire, much coarser than true broadcloth, sold at under 4s a yard against 20s or more for scarlet.
305	298	16 October Brought Over £ 1278 17 4 Braziers Ware Viz. 3 Pr. Steel Snuffers .. 15 9 3 Four Quart Tea Kettles 2 16 .. 1 Door Bell .. 3 6 1 Pestle and Mortar 1 3 .. 1 Pr. Candlesticks .. 8 6 5 6 9 Cutlery Ware Viz. 8 Fine Ivory Combs 1 4 8 22 Ordy. do. 1 7 6 23 Buckf. do. .. 12 6 10 Horn do. .. 2 11 1 Doz. Stag Horn Handle Knives & Forks .. 14 7 ½ do. Green do. do. and do. 1 1 9 7 Shoe Knives .. 3 2 7 Butchers do. .. 2 9 1 Chopping Knife .. 1 5 20 Pr. Leather Garters .. 15 .. 6 6 3 Camblet 5 Yards Scarlet 1 .. 3 Canvas 195 Ells Ticklenburgs 9 19 1 Deals Viz. 17 Double 2 4 6 12 Single 1 7 .. 1 Buffer .. 4 .. 2 Wainscot Boards .. 8 10 5½ Elm do. 1 11 3 1 Ct. Riga Timber 2 14 1 8 9 8 Beer 1 Hogshead 60 Gallons 3 8 7 Earthen Ware Viz. 2 Large Red Tea Pots .. 2 3 12 Small do. do. .. 9 6 16 Small Cream Coloured do. .. 10 .. 21 Stone Dishes 1 .. 7 3 Milk Pans .. 11 .. 2 13 4 Glass Ware Viz. 120 Wine Glasses 2 19 7 12 Beer do. .. 9 7 39 Tumblers 1 5 1 Glass Ware Carrd. Over £ 4 14 5 Carried Over £ 1316 1 3	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,278 17s 4d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,278 17s 4d Brass and copper ware Steel snuffers, 3 pairs, £0 15s 9d Five-quart tea kettles, 3, £2 16s 0d Door bell, 1, £0 3s 6d Pestle and mortar, 1, £1 3s 0d Candlesticks, 1 pair, £0 8s 6d Total for brass and copper ware, £5 6s 9d Cutlery and small wares Fine ivory combs, 8, £1 4s 8d Ordinary ivory combs, 22, £1 7s 6d Buckling combs, 23, £0 12s 6d Horn combs, 10, £0 2s 11d Stag-horn-handled knives and forks, 1 dozen, £0 14s 7d Green-handled knives and forks, ½ dozen, £1 1s 9d Shoe knives, 7, £0 3s 2d Butchers' knives, 7, £0 2s 9d Chopping knife, 1, £0 1s 5d Leather garters, 20 pairs, £0 15s 0d Total for cutlery and small wares, £6 6s 3d Scarlet camlet, 5 yards, £1 0s 3d Ticklenburg canvas, 195 yards, £9 19s 1d Deals Double deals, 17, £2 4s 6d Single deals, 12, £1 7s 0d [...] deal, 1, £0 4s 0d Wainscot boards, 2, £0 8s 10d Elm boards, 5½, £1 11s 3d Riga timber, 1 piece, £2 14s 1d Total for deals, £8 9s 8d Beer, 1 hogshead of 60 gallons, £3 8s 7d Earthenware Large red teapots, 2, £0 2s 3d Small red teapots, 12, £0 9s 6d Small cream-coloured teapots, 16, £0 10s 0d Stoneware dishes, 21, £1 0s 7d Milk pans, 3, £0 11s 0d Total for earthenware, £2 13s 4d Glassware Wine glasses, 120, £2 19s 7d Beer glasses, 12, £0 9s 9d Tumblers, 39, £1 5s 1d Glassware carried forward, £4 14s 5d Carried forward, £1,316 1s 3d Interpretations The stores sold 195 yards of ticklenburg, a coarse unbleached Westphalian linen, in a single quarter. Settlers bought it to make sacks for carrying produce, coarse clothing for their slaves and covers for carts and stores. The heavy sale in the dead months of winter suggests planters were laying in sacking ahead of the yam and potato harvest that spring would bring.
306	299	1775 Brought Over £ 1316 1 3 Glass Ware brought Over £ 4 14 5 4 Quart Decanters .. 10 4 4 Pint do. .. 7 4 1 Pr. Salts .. 5 6 35 Squares 6 by 8 .. 11 .. 46 do. 8 by 10 1 6 10 1 do. 12 by 20 .. 1 11 7 17 4 Hats Viz. 8 Mens Fine 7 15 6 10 Boys 3 6 1 11 1 7 Hosiery Viz. 105 Pr. Mens Ordiny. Thread Stockings 16 3 9 8 Pr. do. Wove do. 1 11 8 15 Pr. Boys Cotton do. 2 2 6 13 Pr. Mens White Silk do. 11 16 .. 1 Pr. Black Silk Breeches 1 9 5 1 Pr. Buff Worsted do. .. 12 1 33 15 5 Hooks and Lines Viz. 350 No. 7 2 12 9 200 .. 9 .. 6 4 150 .. 10 .. 2 9 575 .. 11 .. 9 2 150 .. 12 .. 2 6 525 .. 13 Hooks .. 5 6 325 .. 14 .. 2 10 1975 .. 15 .. 14 9 700 .. 16 .. 6 .. 475 .. 18 .. 2 8 70 Large .. 5 5 270 .. 2 4 3 4 242 .. 3 4 7 5 12 .. 4 .. 4 11 18 Hambro Lines 1 8 10 8 Log .. 8 4 1 Bndl. Sash .. 1 4 16 4 10 Carried Over £ 1385 .. 5	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,316 1s 3d brought forward, with glassware resumed from its own subtotal of £4 14s 5d. Brought forward, £1,316 1s 3d Glassware brought forward, £4 14s 5d Quart decanters, 4, £0 10s 4d Pint decanters, 4, £0 7s 4d Salt cellars, 1 pair, £0 5s 6d Window panes 6 by 8 inches, 35, £0 11s 0d Window panes 8 by 10 inches, 46, £1 6s 10d Window pane 12 by 20 inches, 1, £0 1s 11d Total for glassware, £7 17s 4d Hats Men's fine hats, 8, £7 15s 6d Boys' hats, 10, £3 6s 1d Total for hats, £11 1s 7d Hosiery Men's ordinary thread stockings, 105 pairs, £16 3s 9d Men's worsted stockings, 8 pairs, £1 11s 8d Boys' cotton stockings, 15 pairs, £2 2s 6d Men's white silk stockings, 13 pairs, £11 16s 0d Black silk breeches, 1 pair, £1 9s 5d Buff worsted breeches, 1 pair, £0 12s 1d Total for hosiery, £33 15s 5d Hooks and lines Fish hooks number 7, 350, £2 12s 9d Fish hooks number 9, 200, £0 6s 4d Fish hooks number 10, 150, £0 2s 9d Fish hooks number 11, 575, £0 9s 2d Fish hooks number 12, 150, £0 2s 6d Fish hooks number 13, 525, £0 5s 6d Fish hooks number 14, 325, £0 2s 10d Fish hooks number 15, 1,975, £0 14s 9d Fish hooks number 16, 700, £0 6s 0d Fish hooks number 18, 475, £0 2s 8d Large fish hooks, 70, £0 5s 5d Fishing lines number 2, 270, £4 3s 4d Fishing lines number 3, 242, £4 7s 5d Fishing lines number 4, 12, £0 4s 11d Hamburg lines, 18, £1 8s 10d Log lines, 8, £0 8s 4d Sash line, 1 hank, £0 1s 4d Total for hooks and lines, £16 4s 10d Carried forward, £1,385 0s 5d Interpretations The stores sold about 5,500 fish hooks and more than 500 lines this quarter, the highest of the year. With no ships calling between late July and October, the island had no sheep or salt meat to buy from passing vessels, and the Company was eating into its own flock. Islanders turned to the sea to fill the gap. The rise in heavy lines matched the deep-water winter fishing for larger fish noted earlier in the year.
307	300	16 October Brought Over £ 1385 .. 5 Haberdashery Viz. 25 Sk. Silk .. 10 5 16 do. Mohair .. 8 .. 26 Doz. do. Coat Buttons 1 2 2 27½ do. do. Breast do. .. 11 5 2½ do. Gold Basket Coat do. .. 13 5 10½ do. do. Breast do. 1 5 7 6 do. Gilt Coat do. .. 9 .. 2½ do. Gilt Breast do. .. 2 1 ½ do. Spangled Coat do. .. 5 5 1½ do. do. Breast do. .. 6 10 7½ Gro. White Waistcoat do. .. 18 9 5½ do. Shirt do. .. 15 7 18 Ps. Tape .. 11 7 1 do. Carnation Tape .. .. 6 1 Pr. Silk Garters .. 1 3 8 2 .. Iron Ware Viz. 3 Stock Locks .. 10 3 6 Chest do. .. 19 1 8 Pad do. .. 12 4 9 Spring do. .. 4 8 1 Cupboard do. .. 3 4 2 Iron Rimd. do. with Pullbacks .. 9 4 1 Brass Cloutd. do. .. 6 1 1 Scythe .. 5 8 4 Small Frying Pans .. 12 6 2 Curry Combs & Brushes .. 4 3 3 Hog Stones .. 1 2 4 Files .. 1 10 15 Pickaxes 2 15 .. 3 Pr. Wool Cards .. 6 6 3 Pr. H. L. Hinges .. 10 6 10 Pr. Sheep Shears .. 16 8 3 Iron Shovels .. 14 11 5 Spring Rat Traps .. 3 4 16 Ash Helves .. 10 8 1 Sheet Sand Paper .. .. 1 7 Pr. Dovetail Hinges .. 4 6 2 Pr. H do. .. 2 1 Iron Ware Carried Over £ 10 19 9 Carried Over £ 1393 2 5	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,385 0s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,385 0s 5d Haberdashery Silk, 25 skeins, £0 10s 5d Mohair thread, 16 skeins, £0 8s 0d Mohair coat buttons, 26 dozen, £1 2s 2d Mohair breast buttons, 27½ dozen, £0 11s 5d Gold basket coat buttons, 2½ dozen, £0 13s 5d Gold basket breast buttons, 10½ dozen, £1 5s 7d Gilt coat buttons, 6 dozen, £0 9s 0d Gilt breast buttons, 2½ dozen, £0 2s 1d Spangled coat buttons, ½ dozen, £0 5s 5d Spangled breast buttons, 1½ dozen, £0 6s 10d White waistcoat buttons, 7½ gross, £0 18s 9d White shirt buttons, 5½ gross, £0 15s 7d Tape, 18 pieces, £0 11s 7d Carnation tape, 1 piece, £0 0s 6d Silk garters, 1 pair, £0 1s 3d Total for haberdashery, £8 2s 0d Ironware Stock locks, 3, £0 10s 3d Chest locks, 6, £0 19s 1d Padlocks, 8, £0 12s 4d Spring locks, 9, £0 4s 8d Cupboard lock, 1, £0 3s 4d Iron-rimmed locks with pull-back latches, 2, £0 9s 4d Brass chair nails, 1 lb, £0 6s 1d Scythe, 1, £0 5s 8d Small frying pans, 4, £0 12s 6d Curry combs and brushes, 2, £0 4s 3d Rag stones, 3, £0 1s 2d Files, 4, £0 1s 10d Pickaxes, 15, £2 15s 0d Wool cards, 3 pairs, £0 6s 6d H hinges, 3 pairs, £0 10s 6d Sheep shears, 10 pairs, £0 16s 8d Iron shovels, 3, £0 14s 11d Spring rat traps, 5, £0 8s 4d Ash helves, 16, £0 10s 8d Sandpaper, 1 sheet, £0 0s 1d Dovetail hinges, 7 pairs, £0 4s 6d H hinges, 2 pairs, £0 2s 1d Ironware carried forward, £10 19s 9d Carried forward, £1,393 2s 5d Interpretations The stores sold ten pairs of sheep shears and three pairs of wool cards this quarter, the most of the year. Shearing on St Helena fell in the southern spring, from September onwards, so planters bought shears ahead of it. The wool cards show some of the clip being carded and spun at home instead of sold or wasted. The settlers' flocks, like the Company's, were growing large enough to make home-spun woollen worthwhile.
308	301	1775 Brought Over £ 1393 2 5 Iron Ware brought over £ 10 19 9 3 Blank Keys .. 3 .. 1 M. Brass Chair Nails .. 3 4 2 Hand Hatchets .. 3 9 1 Coffee Mill .. 8 1 1 Pr. Small Steel Yards .. 11 9 1 Dutch Hoe .. 3 2 2 Bricklayers Trowels .. 2 11 1 Wood Ax .. 3 8 1 Large Box Iron .. 9 9 13 8 8 Long Ells 25 Yards Scarlet 3 18 8 Nails Viz. 10 .. 3 .. 7 8 20 .. 4 .. 12 11 20 .. 6 .. 11 8 10 .. 20 .. 4 2 6 Plasg. Brads .. 5 9 2 2 2 Pewter Viz. 9 Chamber Pots 1 10 .. 2 Water Plates .. 11 2 2 Close Stool Pans .. 11 4 2 12 6 Oil Viz. 23 Gallons Train 5 4 .. 6 do. Linseed 1 5 3 ½ do. Turpentine .. 1 11 6 Bottles Florence .. 17 3 7 8 5 Oars 6 1 6 6 Paint Viz. 1 lb. Indico 1 13 9 2 Blue Smalts .. 3 10 238 Whiting .. 5 .. 14 Red Lead .. 3 2 44 White Lead mixed .. 17 5 56 do. Dry .. 18 8 7 Barrels Blacking .. 3 10 6 Chalk .. 3 .. 9 Iron Red mixed .. 4 10 14 Brimstone .. 2 4 4 13 1 Carried Over £ 1428 12 5	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,393 2s 5d brought forward, with ironware resumed from its own subtotal of £10 19s 9d. Brought forward, £1,393 2s 5d Ironware brought forward, £10 19s 9d Blank keys, 3, £0 3s 0d Brass chair nails, 1 lb, £0 3s 4d Hand hatchets, 2, £0 3s 9d Coffee mill, 1, £0 8s 1d Small steelyards, 1 pair, £0 11s 9d Dutch hoe, 1, £0 3s 2d Bricklayers' trowels, 2, £0 2s 11d Wood axe, 1, £0 3s 8d Large box iron, 1, £0 9s 9d Total for ironware, £13 8s 8d Scarlet long ells, 25 yards, £3 18s 8d Nails Three-penny nails, 10 lb, £0 7s 8d Four-penny nails, 20 lb, £0 12s 11d Six-penny nails, 20 lb, £0 11s 8d Twenty-penny nails, 10 lb, £0 4s 2d Glazing brads, 6 lb, £0 5s 9d Total for nails, £2 2s 2d Pewter Chamber pots, 9, £1 10s 0d Water plates, 2, £0 11s 2d Close-stool pans, 2, £0 11s 4d Total for pewter, £2 12s 6d Oil Train oil, 23 gallons, £5 4s 0d Linseed oil, 6 gallons, £1 5s 3d Turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 1s 11d Florence oil, 6 bottles, £0 17s 3d Total for oil, £7 8s 5d Oars, 6, £1 6s 6d Paint Indigo, 18 lb, £1 13s 9d Blue smalt, 2 lb, £0 3s 10d Whiting, 238 lb, £0 5s 0d Red lead, 14 lb, £0 3s 2d White lead ground in oil, 44 lb, £0 17s 5d White lead dry, 56 lb, £0 18s 8d Blacking balls, 7, £0 3s 10d Chalk, 6 lb, £0 3s 0d Venetian red ground in oil, 9 lb, £0 4s 10d Brimstone, 14 lb, £0 2s 4d Total for paint, £4 13s 1d Carried forward, £1,428 12s 5d Interpretations Train oil sold only 23 gallons this quarter, against 82 gallons in the second. The fall was not in demand but in supply, since no whaling ships or Company vessels had landed oil since July. Islanders without oil burned candles or went to bed with the dark. The sea cow hauled up in July 1775 may have been boiled down partly to fill this gap. A water plate was a double-bottomed pewter dish filled with hot water through a spout, so that food stayed warm at table. Small steelyards were hand-held balances with a sliding weight, used by planters and shopkeepers to weigh goods for sale. Their sale fits the new rule of August 1775 that cattle and produce sold to ships be weighed, not guessed.
309	302	16 October Brought Over £ 1428 12 5 Pitch and Tar Viz. 12½ Gallons Tar .. 10 2 8 lb. Rosin .. 16 8 1 6 10 Serge Viz. 1½ Yards Scarlet .. 9 3 19¼ do. Green 4 13 10 1½ do. Blue .. 7 4 22¼ do. Blue Duffle 7 12 .. 18 do. Brown do. 5 19 3 27 Ps. Brown Fustian 6 1 .. 1 Pc. White do. 2 8 5 27 11 1 Shaloon 7½ Yards Coloured .. 15 8 Sailors Cloaths Viz. 4 Mens Blue Jackets 1 12 4 12 Pr. do. Long Drawers 1 2 .. 3 Boys Jackets .. 17 8 3 Pr. do. Breeches .. 10 3 7 do. Shirts 1 1 9 1 Hat .. 1 10 5 5 10 Shirts Viz. 122 Soldiers 29 17 4 57½ Yds. Brown Holland 4 13 5 ¼ Pc. Coarse Irish Linen .. 9 9 ¼ Pc. Huckaback for Table Cloths 1 7 3 ½ Pc. do. for Napkins .. 18 2 37 5 11 Shoes Viz. 183 Pr. Mens Ordinary 47 8 9 62 do. do. Fine Shoes 19 3 3 36 do. do. do. Pumps 9 18 .. 96 do. Womens Calimancoe 20 6 .. 18 do. do. Calf Leather Shoes 2 12 2 14 do. do. Spanish do. 2 19 2 9 do. do. Calf Leather Pumps 1 16 4 11 do. Girls Calimancoe 1 16 8 10 do. do. Calf Leather 1 4 5 26 do. Boys 4 15 4 111 19 6 Carried Over £ 1612 17 3	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,428 12s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,428 12s 5d Pitch and tar Tar, 12½ gallons, £0 10s 2d Rosin, 80 lb, £0 16s 8d Total for pitch and tar, £1 6s 10d Serge Scarlet serge, 1½ yards, £0 9s 3d Green serge, 19½ yards, £4 13s 10d Blue serge, 1½ yards, £0 7s 4d Blue duffel, 22½ yards, £7 12s 0d Brown duffel, 18 yards, £5 19s 3d Brown fustian, 2½ pieces, £6 1s 0d White fustian, 1 piece, £2 8s 5d Total for serge, £27 11s 1d Coloured shalloon, 7½ yards, £0 15s 8d Sailors' clothing Men's blue jackets, 4, £1 12s 4d Men's long drawers, 12 pairs, £1 2s 0d Boys' jackets, 3, £0 17s 8d Boys' breeches, 3 pairs, £0 10s 3d Boys' shirts, 7, £1 1s 9d Hat, 1, £0 1s 10d Total for sailors' clothing, £5 5s 10d Shirts Soldiers' shirts, 122, £29 17s 4d Brown holland, 57½ yards, £4 13s 5d Coarse Irish linen, ½ piece, £0 9s 9d Huckaback for tablecloths, ½ piece, £1 7s 3d Huckaback for napkins, ½ piece, £0 18s 2d Total for shirts, £37 5s 11d Shoes Men's ordinary shoes, 185 pairs, £47 8s 9d Men's fine shoes, 63 pairs, £19 3s 3d Men's pumps, 36 pairs, £9 18s 0d Women's calimanco shoes, 96 pairs, £20 6s 0d Women's calf-leather shoes, 18 pairs, £2 12s 2d Women's Spanish-leather shoes, 14 pairs, £2 19s 2d Women's calf-leather pumps, 9 pairs, £1 16s 4d Girls' calimanco shoes, 11 pairs, £1 16s 8d Girls' calf-leather shoes, 10 pairs, £1 4s 5d Boys' shoes, 26 pairs, £4 15s 4d Total for shoes, £111 19s 6d Carried forward, £1,612 17s 3d Interpretations Sales of heavy woollens rose sharply in the depth of winter. The stores sold more than 40 yards of duffel, a thick napped cloth for coats and jackets, against only a few yards earlier in the year. The cold, damp months on the island's high ground called for warmer clothing than the cotton cloths that served in summer. Shoe sales reached £111 19s 6d, the most of any quarter in 1775, and the island's women bought 137 pairs. Calimanco shoes alone sold 96 pairs for women. The figures again point to a sizeable settled population of families, and to wet winter roads wearing through shoes faster than in the dry season.
310	303	1775 Brought Over £ 1612 17 3 Saddlery Viz. 1 Saddle Cloth .. 4 5 1 Pr. Stirrup Leathers .. 2 9 1 Surcingle .. 3 9 1 Girth .. 2 5 3 Half Curb Bridles 1 15 3 2 8 7 Thread Viz. 9 lb. Coloured 1 9 3 15½ White & Brown 5 12 8 9 No. 6 1 1 11 5 .. 18 .. 6 3 8 10 1 Tin Ware Viz. 8 Quart Sauce pans .. 4 .. 10 Pint do. .. 3 6 8 Pudding Pans .. 9 10 10 Lamps .. 7 9 1 Cullender .. 1 6 4 Lanthorn Leaves .. .. 10 1 Two Gallon Kettle .. 3 1 5 One do. do. .. 9 2 1 Horn Lanthorn .. 4 3 4 Dripping Pans .. 3 6 3 Double Sheet Tins .. 2 3 1 Single Sheet do. .. .. 4 1 Watering Pot .. 4 2 12 Patty Pans .. 2 9 1 Gallon Funnel .. 2 1 3 4 .. Turners Ware Viz. 12 Hair Brooms 1 19 3 2 Birch do. .. .. 11 5 Scrubg. Brushes .. 16 9 18 Shoe do. .. 13 1 1 Plaist. do. .. 2 .. 7 Paint do. .. 3 10 16 Punch Ladles .. 10 .. 4 Wood do. .. 1 5 2 Skimming Dishes .. .. 9 1 Labourers Basket .. 1 1 4 9 1 Carried Over £ 1631 9 ..	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,612 17s 3d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,612 17s 3d Saddlery Saddle cloth, 1, £0 4s 5d Stirrup leathers, 1 pair, £0 2s 9d Surcingle, 1, £0 3s 9d Girth, 1, £0 2s 5d Half-curb bridles, 3, £1 15s 3d Total for saddlery, £2 8s 7d Thread Coloured thread, 9 lb, £1 9s 3d Whited brown thread, 15½ lb, £5 12s 8d Thread number 16, 9 oz, £1 1s 11d Thread number 18, 5 oz, £0 6s 3d Total for thread, £8 10s 1d Tinware Quart saucepans, 8, £0 4s 0d Pint saucepans, 10, £0 3s 6d Pudding pans, 3, £0 9s 10d Lamps, 10, £0 7s 9d Colander, 1, £0 1s 6d Lantern horn panes, 4, £0 0s 10d Two-gallon kettle, 1, £0 3s 1d One-gallon kettles, 5, £0 9s 2d Horn lantern, 1, £0 4s 3d Dripping pans, 4, £0 3s 6d Sheets of double tin, 3, £0 2s 3d Sheet of single tin, 1, £0 0s 4d Watering pot, 1, £0 4s 2d Patty pans, 12, £0 2s 9d Gallon funnel, 1, £0 2s 1d Total for tinware, £3 4s 0d Turnery Hair brooms, 12, £1 19s 3d Birch brooms, 2, £0 0s 11d Scrubbing brushes, 5, £0 16s 9d Shoe brushes, 18, £0 13s 1d Plasterer's brush, 1, £0 2s 0d Paint brushes, 7, £0 3s 10d Punch ladles, 16, £0 10s 0d Wooden ladles, 4, £0 1s 5d Skimming dishes, 2, £0 0s 9d Labourer's basket, 1, £0 1s 1d Total for turnery, £4 9s 1d Carried forward, £1,631 9s 0d Interpretations The stores sold 16 punch ladles in a single quarter, along with 1,650 lemons bought for the Castle and more than 140 gallons of arrack sold to the society and its retailers. Punch, made from arrack, lemon, sugar and water and served from a large bowl, was the island's social drink. A household that entertained needed a ladle to serve it. The Council's tighter control of the spirit trade in July 1775 had limited who could buy arrack in bulk, but it did nothing to reduce the islanders' taste for punch at home.
311	304	16 October Brought Over £ 1631 9 .. Ticking Viz. 35½ Yards Ticking 3 3 7 36½ do. Check'd Linen 1 17 .. 5 .. 7 China Ware Viz. 2 Sets Octagon Dishes and Plates 2 2 10 11 Bowls .. 8 6 27 Sneakers .. 10 1 4 Chamber Pots .. 7 4 8 Sallad Dishes .. 5 4 2 Baking do. .. 2 1 2 Tureens & Dishes 1 2 .. 3 Guglets & Basons .. 9 5 12 Quart Pint Cups & Saucers .. 3 9 5 11 4 Long Cloth Viz. 7½ Ps. No. 2 34 16 10 15 do. .. 3 53 2 6 20 do. .. 4 85 3 8 55 do. .. 5 88 11 1 39 do. .. 6 51 10 3 313 4 4 Wine Viz. 55 Bottles Lisbon 133 do. Port 59 do. Mountain 85 13 7 Cart Wheels 1 Wheel Barrow £ .. 17 .. £ 2041 15 10 Sold at 40 per Cent Iron Ware Viz. 1 Farriers Rasp .. 1 5 2 Spring Rat Traps .. 4 4 2 Pr. Dovetail Hinges .. 1 8 6 Splinter Locks .. 4 3 .. 11 8 Carried Over £ .. 11 8	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued from the total of £1,631 9s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,631 9s 0d Ticking Ticking, 35½ yards, £3 3s 7d Checked linen, 36½ yards, £1 17s 0d Total for ticking, £5 0s 7d China Sets of octagonal dishes and plates, 2, £2 2s 10d Bowls, 11, £0 8s 6d Sneakers, 27, £0 10s 1d Chamber pots, 4, £0 7s 4d Salad dishes, 8, £0 5s 4d Baking dishes, 2, £0 2s 1d Tureens and dishes, 2, £1 2s 0d Guglets and basins, 3 sets, £0 9s 5d Quart and pint cups and saucers, 12, £0 3s 9d Total for china, £5 11s 4d Longcloth Longcloth number 2, 7½ pieces, £34 16s 10d Longcloth number 3, 15 pieces, £53 2s 6d Longcloth number 4, 26½ pieces, £85 3s 8d Longcloth number 5, 55 pieces, £88 11s 1d Longcloth number 6, 34 pieces, £51 10s 3d Total for longcloth, £313 4s 4d Wine Lisbon wine, 55 bottles Port wine, 133 bottles Mountain wine, 59 bottles Total for wine, £85 13s 7d Wheelbarrow, 1, £0 17s 0d Total sold at 10 per cent, £2,041 15s 10d Sold at 40 per cent above cost Ironware Farrier's rasp, 1, £0 1s 5d Spring rat traps, 2, £0 4s 4d Dovetail hinges, 2 pairs, £0 1s 8d Spring locks, 6, £0 4s 3d Total for ironware, £0 11s 8d Carried forward, £0 11s 8d Interpretations Longcloth sales came to £313 4s 4d this quarter, more than twice the £126 9s 10d of the second quarter. The Sea Horse had landed seven bales of Madras longcloth in June 1775, and the storekeeper now had a full range of grades to sell. Nearly 140 pieces went in three months. With English woollens scarce and the season's clothing for slaves and families to be made, Indian cotton had become the island's everyday cloth. The stores sold 247 bottles of wine to islanders, the first large sale of wine recorded in 1775. The Castle table had drawn its wine from the same stock earlier in the year. Selling the rest before it spoiled turned surplus into cash, and allowed settlers to buy port and Lisbon wine at a modest 10 per cent above cost.
312	305	1775 Brought Over £ .. 11 8 Turners Ware Viz. 2 Mops .. 3 6 2 Hair Brooms .. 8 6 1 Plaistr. Brush .. 2 6 .. 14 6 Tin Ware Viz. 4 Single Sheet Tins .. 1 8 2 Pudding Pans .. 3 2 1 Lamp .. 1 .. .. 5 10 Pitch and Tar 1 Barrl. Tar 1 6 2 Salt 1 Bushel .. 4 8 £ 3 2 10 Sold to the Honble. Companys Ships from the 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Turners Ware 2 Mops .. 3 6 Iron Ware Viz. 1 Pad Lock .. 2 .. 6 Sheets Sand Paper .. .. 9 ½ lb. Flour Emery .. .. 3 ½ lb. Coarse do. .. .. 2 .. 3 2 Twine 24 Skeins .. 1 7 Lines 4 Log .. 5 5 Cordage C. 3 .. 7 7 8 6 Nails Viz. 2 .. 3 4 .. 1 2 .. 30 10 Scupper 2½ Cooper's Rivets .. 16 8 Paint Viz. 8 Barrl. Blacking .. .. 6 50 White Lead Dry 1 2 11 ½ Vermillion .. 2 .. 1 10 11 Carried Over £ 11 15 2	Some goods in the quarter were sold at the higher mark-up of 40 per cent, continued from the subtotal of £0 11s 8d. The storekeeper then began the account of stores supplied to the Company's ships between 1 July and 30 September 1775. Sold at 40 per cent above cost, brought forward, £0 11s 8d Turnery Mops, 2, £0 3s 6d Hair brooms, 2, £0 8s 6d Plasterer's brush, 1, £0 2s 6d Total for turnery, £0 14s 6d Tinware Sheets of single tin, 4, £0 1s 8d Pudding pans, 2, £0 3s 2d Lamp, 1, £0 1s 0d Total for tinware, £0 5s 10d Tar, 1 barrel, £1 6s 2d Salt, 1 bushel, £0 4s 8d Total sold at 40 per cent, £3 2s 10d Sold to the Company's ships, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Turnery, mops, 2, £0 3s 6d Ironware Padlock, 1, £0 2s 0d Sandpaper, 6 sheets, £0 0s 9d Flour emery, ½ lb, £0 0s 3d Coarse emery, ½ lb, £0 0s 2d Total for ironware, £0 3s 2d Twine, 24 skeins, £0 17s 0d Log lines, 4, £0 5s 5d Cordage, 3 cwt 0 qr 7 lb, £7 8s 6d Nails Two-penny nails, 3 lb Four-penny nails, 1 lb Thirty-penny nails, 2 lb Scupper nails, 10 lb Coopers' rivets, 2½ lb Total for nails, £0 16s 8d Paint Blacking balls, 8, £0 6s 0d White lead dry, 50 lb, £1 2s 11d Vermilion, ½ lb, £0 2s 0d Total for paint, £1 10s 11d Carried forward, £11 15s 2d Interpretations Sales to ships this quarter came to only a few pounds, against £247 7s 5d in the second quarter, when one vessel alone had bought a whole anchor and cable. The Hampshire, Bute, Pacific and York all sailed in July 1775, and no Company ship called again until the Anson in October. What little they took was rope, small hardware and paint for touching up before the voyage home. Flour emery was the finest grade of emery powder, used to give a last polish to brass and steel fittings.
313	306	16 October Brought Over £ 11 15 2 Oil Viz. 12 Gallons Linseed 3 6 .. ½ do. Turpentine .. 2 1 3 8 1 Pitch and Tar Viz. 4 Barrels Pitch 6 11 4 4 do. Tar 5 4 8 7 Rosin 1 9 .. 13 5 .. £ 28 8 3 Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Arrack Galls. 213 Lt. Govr. and Sundry's 43 7 6 Tea 6 lb. Bohea Groom and Gardener .. 4 1 Sugar & Candy 58 lb. Candy do. 1 2 2 Sope C. 1 10 Linen 3 13 6 Starch 16 do. .. 9 .. Coals 105 Bushels Smiths Shop 6 2 6 Chelloes 2 Pieces Castle 1 2 4 Corks 9½ Gross do. 1 1 .. Leather 1 Calf Skin do. .. 10 8 Twine Viz. 5 lb. Twine .. 2 9 ½ Cotton Wick do. .. .. 7 .. 3 4 Oil Viz. 23 Gallons Train Castle and Council 5 14 11 3 Bottles Florence Oil & Smith Shop .. 7 10 6 2 9 Lead Viz. 4 Sheet Lt. Govr. & Lt. Govr. Instrument .. 1 8 33 Pig Stew .. 5 .. .. 6 8 Carried Over £ 64 5 6	The stores supplied to the Company's ships continued from the total of £11 15s 2d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the following stores, issued between 1 July and 30 September 1775, to the general charges account. Sold to the Company's ships, brought forward, £11 15s 2d Oil Linseed oil, 12 gallons, £3 6s 0d Turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 2s 1d Total for oil, £3 8s 1d Pitch and tar Pitch, 4 barrels, £6 11s 4d Tar, 4 barrels, £5 4s 8d Rosin, 7 [...], £1 9s 0d Total for pitch and tar, £13 5s 0d Total sold to the Company's ships, £28 8s 3d General charges, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Arrack for the Lieutenant Governor and various uses, 213 gallons, £43 7s 6d Bohea tea for the groom and gardener, 6 lb, £0 4s 1d Sugar candy, 58 lb, £1 2s 2d Soap for washing linen, [...] cwt 1 qr 10 lb, £3 13s 6d Starch for linen, 16 lb, £0 9s 0d Coal for the smith's shop, 105 bushels, £6 2s 6d Chelloes for the Castle, 2 pieces, £1 2s 4d Corks for the Castle, 9½ gross, £1 1s 0d Calfskin for the Castle, 1, £0 10s 8d Twine Twine, 5 skeins, £0 2s 9d Cotton wick, ½ lb, £0 0s 7d Total for twine, £0 3s 4d Oil Train oil for the Castle and the Council, 28 gallons, £5 14s 11d Florence oil for the Castle and the smith's shop, 3 bottles, £0 7s 10d Total for oil, £6 2s 9d Lead Sheet lead for the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen, 9 lb, £0 1s 8d Pig lead for the stores, 30 lb, £0 5s 0d Total for lead, £0 6s 8d Carried forward, £64 5s 6d Interpretations The general charges issued 213 gallons of arrack this quarter, more than twice the 92 gallons of the second quarter, and the entry named the Lieutenant Governor first. Daniel Corneille oversaw the Company's plantation and livestock and kept his own garden at Longwood worked by Company labourers. The spirit probably went as the customary daily allowance to the men who worked under him, at the dairy, the new pasture walls and the haymaking. The charge sat alongside his diet money and the labour on his garden as one more cost of the Lieutenant Governor's establishment borne by the Company.
314	307	1775 Brought Over £ 64 5 6 Hooks and Lines Viz. 200 No. 7 .. 11 3 50 .. 11 .. .. 9 125 .. 13 Hooks .. .. 10 36 .. 2 .. 10 2 18 .. 3 .. 5 11 12 .. 4 Lines .. 4 5 4 Log .. 3 9 1 Bndl. Sash .. 1 3 Governor and Lieut. Governor Fishermen 1 18 4 Deals ½ Pc. Oak Plank Crane 1 17 10 Nails Viz. 7 .. 2 .. 5 .. 2 .. 6 .. 1 1 6 .. 20 .. 2 3 Castle Lieut. Govrs. House & Coopers Shop ½ M. Plasg. Brads Pickets .. .. 5 .. 3 9 Canvas Viz. 3 Ells English Canvas Castle .. 3 .. 8 do. Ticklenburgs Pickets .. 7 4 .. 10 4 Paint Viz. 32 lb. Chalk Carpenters and Coopers Shop .. 1 3 4 Blue Smalts Linen .. 6 11 4 Indico .. 6 9 12 Whiting Castle .. .. 3 .. 15 2 Haberdashery Viz. 7 Sk. Silk Lt. Govr. & Lt. Govr. Fishermen .. 2 8 1 Pc. Tape Castle .. .. 6 .. 3 2 Candles Viz. 1 .. 1 .. 13 Castle 1 .. 3 .. 14 Council .. .. 1 .. 2 Chaplain .. .. .. 25 Doctors Shop C. 3 .. 2 .. 26 38 1 .. Cutlery Ware Viz. 6 Butchers Knives Lt. Govr. & Lt. Govr. Fishermen .. 2 2 3 Doz. Green Handle Knives & Forks Castle 5 18 9 6 .. 11 Carried Over £ 113 15 ..	The general charges continued from the total of £64 5s 6d brought forward. Brought forward, £64 5s 6d Hooks and lines for the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen Fish hooks number 7, 200, £0 11s 3d Fish hooks number 11, 50, £0 0s 9d Fish hooks number 13, 125, £0 0s 10d Fishing lines number 2, 36, £0 10s 2d Fishing lines number 3, 18, £0 5s 11d Fishing lines number 4, 12, £0 4s 5d Log lines, 4, £0 3s 9d Sash line, 1 hank, £0 1s 3d Total for hooks and lines, £1 18s 4d Oak plank for the crane, ½ piece, £1 17s 10d Nails for the Castle, the sponge house and the cooper's shop Two-penny nails, 7 lb, £0 5s 0d Six-penny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 1d Twenty-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 3d Glazing brads for pockets, ½ lb, £0 0s 5d Total for nails, £0 8s 9d Canvas English canvas for the Castle, 3 yards, £0 3s 0d Ticklenburg for pockets, 8 yards, £0 7s 4d Total for canvas, £0 10s 4d Paint Chalk for the carpenter's and cooper's shops, 32 lb, £0 1s 3d Blue smalt for linen, 4 lb, £0 6s 11d Indigo for linen, 4 lb, £0 6s 9d Whiting for the Castle, 12 lb, £0 0s 3d Total for paint, £0 15s 2d Haberdashery Silk for the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen, 7 skeins, £0 2s 8d Tape for the Castle, 1 piece, £0 0s 6d Total for haberdashery, £0 3s 2d Candles Candles for the Castle, 1 cwt 1 qr 13 lb Candles for the Council, 1 cwt 3 qr 14 lb Candles for the chaplain, 0 cwt 1 qr 2 lb Candles for the doctor's shop, 0 cwt 0 qr 25 lb Total candles, 3 cwt 2 qr 26 lb, £38 1s 0d Cutlery Butchers' knives for the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen, 6, £0 2s 2d Green-handled knives and forks for the Castle, 3 dozen, £5 18s 9d Total for cutlery, £6 0s 11d Carried forward, £113 15s 0d Interpretations Candles for the Castle and Council fell to 3 cwt 2 qr 26 lb this quarter, against more than 5 cwt in the second quarter. The Council candles actually rose, while the Castle's own share dropped by more than half. With no ships in the road, the Governor held no evening entertainments for commanders and passengers, and the Castle's rooms stood dark earlier. The Council's offices, by contrast, still worked into the evening on the quarter's accounts and correspondence. The Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen drew a fresh supply of hooks, lines, silk and butchers' knives for gutting the catch. In the quiet winter months the senior officials' tables relied more on fish, since the flock was shrinking and no ships brought sheep.
315	308	16 October Brought Over £ 113 15 .. Turners Ware Viz. 6 Shoe Brushes .. 3 11 5 Birch Brooms .. 2 1 4 Mops Castle .. 5 .. 2 Flaskets .. 6 10 1 Hair Broom .. 2 11 1 .. 9 Shaloon 6 Yards Coloured Castle .. 11 .. Tin Ware Viz. 6 pint Saucepans .. 1 11 12 Patty Pans do. .. 2 6 1 Lamp .. .. 9 1 Double Sheet Tin .. .. 8 .. 5 10 Ticking Viz. 7½ Yards Check'd Linen do. .. 7 2 16½ do. Ticking 1 7 2 1 14 4 Bunting 7½ Yards Blue do. .. 5 4 Iron Ware Viz. 7 Two foot Rules .. 7 .. 4 Hand Hatchets Carpr. Shop .. 6 9 4 Claw Hammers .. 6 9 31 Files 1 13 9 24 File Hafts do. & Smiths .. 2 .. 6 Farriers Rasps Smiths Shop .. 6 3 4 lb. Iron Wire .. 3 .. 1 Brass Wire Flour Sieve Castle .. 8 4 4 lb. Flour Emery .. 2 2 26 Sheets Emery Paper Smiths Shop .. 2 2 ½ lb. Borax .. 7 5 ½ M. Tin Tacks Castle .. .. 6 3 Blank Keys do. & Store .. 2 8 1 Stock Lock Store .. 3 1 2 lb. Spelter Smiths Shop .. 4 .. 36 Black Lead Pencils Carpr. Shop .. 14 .. 1 Frame 1 13 2 4 Bench Hammers Armourer do. .. 3 8 1 Cupboard Lock Castle .. 2 10 3 Melting Ladles, Store & Smiths Shop 1 13 3 Iron Ware Carried over £ 9 2 4 Carried Over £ 117 13 3	The general charges continued from the total of £113 15s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £113 15s 0d Turnery for the Castle Shoe brushes, 6, £0 3s 11d Birch brooms, 5, £0 2s 1d Mops, 4, £0 5s 0d Flaskets, 2, £0 6s 10d Hair broom, 1, £0 2s 11d Total for turnery, £1 0s 9d Coloured shalloon for the Castle, 6¼ yards, £0 11s 0d Tinware for the Castle Pint saucepans, 6, £0 1s 11d Patty pans, 12, £0 2s 6d Lamp, 1, £0 0s 9d Sheet of double tin, 1, £0 0s 8d Total for tinware, £0 5s 10d Ticking for the Castle Checked linen, 7½ yards, £0 7s 2d Ticking, 16½ yards, £1 7s 2d Total for ticking, £1 14s 4d Blue bunting for the Castle, 7½ yards, £0 5s 4d Ironware Two-foot rules for the carpenter's shop, 7, £0 7s 0d Hand hatchets for the carpenter's shop, 4, £0 6s 9d Claw hammers for the carpenter's shop, 4, £0 6s 9d Files for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 81, £1 13s 9d File handles for the carpenter's and smith's shops, 24, £0 2s 0d Farriers' rasps for the smith's shop, 6, £0 6s 3d Iron wire for the smith's shop, 4 lb, £0 3s 0d Brass wire flour sieve for the Castle, 1, £0 8s 4d Flour emery for the smith's shop, 4 lb, £0 2s 2d Emery paper for the smith's shop, 26 sheets, £0 2s 2d Borax for the smith's shop, ½ lb, £0 7s 5d Tin tacks for the Castle, ½ lb, £0 0s 6d Blank keys for the Castle and the stores, 3, £0 2s 8d Stock lock for the stores, 1, £0 3s 1d Spelter for the smith's shop, 2 lb, £0 4s 0d Black lead pencils for the carpenter's shop, 36, £0 14s 0d Saw frame for the carpenter's shop, 1, £1 13s 2d Bench hammers for the armourer, 4, £0 3s 8d Cupboard lock for the Castle, 1, £0 2s 10d Melting ladles for the stores and the smith's shop, 3, £1 13s 3d Ironware carried forward, £9 2s 4d Carried forward, £117 13s 3d Interpretations Borax and spelter went to the smith's shop for brazing. Spelter was zinc, melted with copper to make a hard solder, and borax was spread on the joint as a flux so the solder would flow and bond. With these the smith could join and mend brass and iron fittings that would otherwise have to be replaced from England. The melting ladles were used to pour the molten metal, and perhaps also to cast lead shot and fishing weights. The 36 black lead pencils for the carpenter's shop were for marking out timber. Graphite pencils left a clean line on wood that could be planed away, which made cutting and joinery more exact. They were a fairly new aid in English workshops at the time.
316	309	1775 Brought Over £ 117 13 3 Iron Ware brought over £ 9 2 9 1 Blow Pipe Smiths Shop .. .. 11 3 Half Round Wood Rasps Coopers Shop .. 1 10 2 Wire Rat Traps Store .. 13 8 1 Iron Shovel Bake House .. 4 7 1 Turners Rubstone Carpr. Shop .. 4 .. ½ lb. Salarmoniac Smiths do. .. .. 9 10 8 6 Pewter Viz. 2 Chamber Pots Castle .. 6 .. 2 Basons Store .. 5 8 .. 11 8 Serge 12 Yards Black Velvet for a Paul 6 8 .. Long Cloth 21 Yards No. 5 do. .. 17 9 Thread Viz. ½ Coloured do. .. 1 6 ½ White & Brown .. 3 4 .. 4 10 China Ware Viz. 46 Octagon Meat Plates Castle 1 3 .. 6 Sallad Dishes .. 3 8 1 6 8 £ 137 10 8 Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Deals Viz. 28 Single 2 16 .. 23 Double 3 17 2 4 Baulks Plantation House 1 16 .. 15 Bundles Fir Laths .. 17 10 1 Pc. Riga Timber 2 9 2 ¾ Pc. Oak Plank 2 9 3 14 5 5 Nails Viz. 30 .. 2 1 1 3 3 .. 3 .. 2 1 7 .. 4 .. 4 1 7 .. 6 .. 3 8 18 .. 10 .. 8 3 4 .. 20 .. 1 6 10 .. 40 .. 3 7 3 4 5 Carried Over £ 16 9 10	The general charges ended with the total of £117 13s 3d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the following stores, issued between 1 July and 30 September 1775, to the repairs account. Brought forward, £117 13s 3d Ironware brought forward, £9 2s 9d Blowpipe for the smith's shop, 1, £0 0s 11d Half-round wood rasps for the cooper's shop, 3, £0 1s 10d Wire rat traps for the stores, 2, £0 13s 3d Iron shovel for the bakehouse, 1, £0 4s 7d Turner's rubstone for the carpenter's shop, 1, £0 4s 0d Sal ammoniac for the smith's shop, ½ lb, £0 0s 9d Total for ironware, £10 8s 6d Pewter Chamber pots for the Castle, 2, £0 6s 0d Basins for the stores, 2, £0 5s 8d Total for pewter, £0 11s 8d Black velvet for a pall, 12 yards, £6 8s 0d Longcloth number 5 for the Castle, 21 yards, £0 17s 9d Thread for the Castle Coloured thread, ½ lb, £0 1s 6d Whited brown thread, ½ lb, £0 3s 4d Total for thread, £0 4s 10d China for the Castle Octagonal meat plates, 46, £1 3s 0d Salad dishes, 6, £0 3s 8d Total for china, £1 6s 8d Total general charges, £137 10s 8d Repairs, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Deals for Plantation House Single deals, 28, £2 16s 0d Double deals, 23, £3 17s 2d Balks, 4, £1 16s 0d Fir laths, 15 bundles, £0 17s 10d Riga timber, 1 piece, £2 9s 2d Oak plank, ¾ piece, £2 9s 3d Total for deals, £14 5s 5d Nails Two-penny nails, 30 lb, £1 1s 3d Three-penny nails, 3 lb, £0 2s 1d Four-penny nails, 7 lb, £0 4s 1d Six-penny nails, 7 lb, £0 3s 8d Ten-penny nails, 18 lb, £0 8s 3d Twenty-penny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 6d Forty-penny nails, 10 lb, £0 3s 7d Total for nails, £2 4s 5d Carried forward, £16 9s 10d Interpretations The 12 yards of black velvet were for a pall, the cloth laid over a coffin at a funeral. In July 1775 the paymaster had paid £3 2s 6d for making a pall for the church at the fort, so the velvet came from the stores and the needlework was paid for separately. Four soldiers were buried that quarter, among them men killed by accident at Turk's Cap and Longwood. A proper pall let the garrison give its dead a dignified burial. Sal ammoniac was ammonium chloride, which smiths rubbed on metal to clean it before tinning or soldering. Together with the blowpipe, the borax and the spelter on the previous page, it shows the smith's shop equipped to braze, solder and tin metal on the island, not merely to forge iron. Most of the quarter's repair timber went to Plantation House, matching the masons' and carpenters' work there recorded in the paymaster's account.
317	310	16 October Brought Over £ 16 9 10 Glass Ware Viz. 50 Squares 6 by 8 .. 13 7 7 do. 8 by 10 .. 3 8 8 do. 10 by 12 .. 7 .. 3 do. 12 by 20 .. 5 2 Plantn. House Castle and Lt. Govrs. House 1 9 5 Iron C. 1 .. .. 5 Plantation House .. 18 8 Cordage .. .. 20 do. .. 6 3 Iron Ware Viz. 6 Stock Locks .. 18 6 1 Iron rim'd do. with Pullbacks .. 6 1 9 lb. Plate Iron .. 3 5 1 Melting Ladle .. 11 1 2 Pr. H. L. Hinges .. 6 5 ½ M. Tin Tacks .. .. 5 3 Pr. H Hinges .. 2 9 1 Brass Closet Lock .. 5 6 ½ lb. Brass Pins .. 2 3 2 Plaistr. Trowels .. 3 5 Plantation House 2 19 10 Paint Viz. 20 lb. Verdegrease 4 10 10 3 Blue Black .. 2 9 183 Whiting .. 4 8 82 White Lead mixed 1 9 1 30 Iron Red mixed .. 14 4 2 Indico .. 3 5 1 Vermillion .. 5 7 ½ Prussian Blue .. 11 4 Lt. Govrs. House 8 2 .. Oil Viz. 10 Galls. Linseed 1 18 3 ½ do. Turpentine do. do. .. 3 6 2 1 8 Braziers Ware Viz. 1 Brass Cock Plantation House .. 11 9 2 lb. Roll Dutch Brass Castle .. 3 4 .. 15 1 Lead Viz. 1 .. 3 .. 1 Pig 1 10 1 .. 2 .. 20 Sheet Plantn. House & Castle .. 13 10 2 3 11 Carried Over £ 35 6 8	The repairs account continued from the total of £16 9s 10d brought forward. Brought forward, £16 9s 10d Glassware for Plantation House, the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house Window panes 6 by 8 inches, 50, £0 13s 7d Window panes 8 by 10 inches, 7, £0 3s 8d Window panes 10 by 12 inches, 8, £0 7s 0d Window panes 12 by 20 inches, 3, £0 5s 2d Total for glassware, £1 9s 5d Iron for Plantation House, 1 cwt 0 qr 5 lb, £0 18s 8d Cordage, 20 lb, £0 6s 3d Ironware for Plantation House Stock locks, 6, £0 18s 6d Iron-rimmed lock with a pull-back latch, 1, £0 6s 1d Plate iron, 9 lb, £0 3s 5d Melting ladle, 1, £0 11s 1d HL hinges, 2 pairs, £0 6s 5d Tin tacks, ½ lb, £0 0s 5d H hinges, 3 pairs, £0 2s 9d Brass closet lock, 1, £0 5s 6d Brass pins, ½ lb, £0 2s 3d Plasterers' trowels, 2, £0 3s 5d Total for ironware, £2 19s 10d Paint for the Lieutenant Governor's house Verdigris, 20 lb, £4 10s 10d Blue black, 3 lb, £0 2s 9d Whiting, 183 lb, £0 4s 8d White lead ground in oil, 82 lb, £1 9s 1d Venetian red ground in oil, 30 lb, £0 14s 4d Indigo, 2 lb, £0 3s 5d Vermilion, 1 lb, £0 5s 7d Prussian blue, ½ lb, £0 11s 4d Total for paint, £8 2s 0d Oil for the Lieutenant Governor's house Linseed oil, 10 gallons, £1 18s 2d Turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 3s 6d Total for oil, £2 1s 8d Brass and copper ware Brass cock for Plantation House, 1, £0 11s 9d Dutch brass for the Castle, 2 lb, £0 3s 4d Total for brass and copper ware, £0 15s 1d Lead for Plantation House and the Castle Pig lead, 1 cwt 3 qr 1 lb, £1 10s 1d Sheet lead, 0 cwt 2 qr 20 lb, £0 13s 10d Total for lead, £2 3s 11d Carried forward, £35 6s 8d Interpretations The Lieutenant Governor's house took £8 2s 0d in paint this quarter, more than half of it in verdigris. A full repainting in green and white, with vermilion and Prussian blue for detail, was a substantial outlay for a single dwelling. Prussian blue was a newer synthetic pigment, first made in Berlin early in the century, and dearer by weight than any other colour on the list. Its use, together with the labour on Corneille's garden at Longwood, shows the Company maintaining the Lieutenant Governor's house to a standard close to the Castle's own.
318	311	1775 Brought Over £ 35 6 8 Turners Ware 10 Paint Brushes Plantn. House & Castle .. 4 10 Pitch and Tar 5 lb. Rosin do. .. 1 2 Canvas 5 Yards Ticklenburgs do. .. 4 7 Bunting 2 Yards Red do. .. 1 5 £ 35 18 8 Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Flour C. 9 .. 2 .. 8 9 2 1 Arrack 90 Gallons 18 15 .. Beef and Pork Viz. 30 Pcs. Beef 5 16 11 30 Pcs. Pork 5 14 5 11 11 4 Coffee 25 lb. 1 .. 10 Salt 1½ Bushel .. 5 .. Pease 1 do. Groats .. 10 2 Sugar and Candy C. 4 .. 1 .. 10 Candy 9 5 8 Rice C. 2 .. 1 .. 24 1 2 5 Tea 8 lb. Single .. 8 8 Oil 6 Bottles Florence .. 15 8 Wine 150 Gallns. Port Lisbon and Mountain 47 3 9 Beer 4 Hogsheads 12 9 4 Spice Viz. 15 lb. Pepper .. 7 6 1½ Cinnamon 1 6 10 1 14 4 £ 114 4 3 Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Tea C. 1 .. .. 4 Bohea, Barracks and Guards 3 18 6 Oil 101 Gallns. Train do. do. 20 14 7 Candles C. 2 .. 14 Officers on Guard 6 7 6 Arrack 16 Gallons 3 6 8 Beef and Pork Viz. 75 Pcs. Beef 14 12 2 423 Pcs. Pork 80 12 8 95 4 10 Carried Over £ 129 12 1	The repairs account closed from the total of £35 6s 8d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1775 to the diet expenses and garrison accounts. Brought forward, £35 6s 8d Paint brushes for the Lieutenant Governor's house and the Castle, 10, £0 4s 10d Rosin for the Lieutenant Governor's house and the Castle, 5 lb, £0 1s 2d Ticklenburg for the Lieutenant Governor's house and the Castle, 5 yards, £0 4s 7d Red bunting for the Lieutenant Governor's house and the Castle, 2 yards, £0 1s 5d Total repairs, £35 18s 8d Diet expenses, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Flour, 9 cwt 2 qr 8 lb, £9 2s 1d Arrack, 90 gallons, £18 15s 0d Beef and pork Beef, 30 pieces, £5 16s 11d Pork, 30 pieces, £5 14s 5d Total for beef and pork, £11 11s 4d Coffee, 25 lb, £1 0s 10d Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 5s 0d Groats, 1 bushel, £0 10s 2d Sugar candy, 4 cwt 1 qr 10 lb, £9 5s 8d Rice, 2 cwt 1 qr 24 lb, £1 2s 5d Singlo tea, 8 lb, £0 8s 8d Florence oil, 6 bottles, £0 15s 8d Port, Lisbon and Mountain wine, 150 gallons, £47 3s 9d Beer, 4 hogsheads, £12 9s 4d Spice Pepper, 15 lb, £0 7s 6d Cinnamon, 1½ lb, £1 6s 10d Total for spice, £1 14s 4d Total diet expenses, £114 4s 3d Garrison, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Bohea tea for the barracks and guards, 1 cwt 0 qr 4 lb, £3 18s 6d Train oil for the barracks and guards, 101 gallons, £20 14s 7d Candles for officers on guard, 0 cwt 2 qr 14 lb, £6 7s 6d Arrack, 16 gallons, £3 6s 8d Beef and pork Beef, 75 pieces, £14 12s 2d Pork, 423 pieces, £80 12s 8d Total for beef and pork, £95 4s 10d Carried forward, £129 12s 1d Interpretations Diet expenses for the Castle table came to £114 4s 3d, below the £142 1s 1d of the second quarter but well above the first. The difference again lay in wine. With no ships calling, the Castle drank 150 gallons of port, Lisbon and Mountain wine and four hogsheads of beer from the stores, the cheaper drinks it kept for itself, in place of the claret laid in for guests in the spring. The garrison drew 101 gallons of train oil for its barracks and guardhouses, against 141 gallons in the second quarter. Oil was scarce on the island all winter, and the barracks seem to have been put on a tighter allowance until fresh supplies came with the new season's ships.
319	312	16 October Brought Over £ 129 12 1 Blankets 17 .. 10 4 Soldiers Cloaths Viz. 3 Soldiers Coats and Breeches 4 8 5 1 Matrosses Coats & do. 2 2 6 3 Watch Coats .. 16 6 7 7 5 Shirts 9 Soldiers 2 .. .. Hosiery 9 Pr. Ordy. Thread Stockings 1 5 2 Shoes 9 Pr. Ordinary 2 1 10 Hats Viz. 3 Soldiers .. 8 6 1 Sergeants .. 12 3 1 .. 9 Canvas 186 Yards. Cots 9 4 2 Nails Viz. 30 .. 2 1 1 3 6 .. 4 Coffins do. .. 3 6 1 4 9 Deals Viz. 9 Double 1 10 2 4 Single do. do. .. 8 .. 1 18 2 Twine Viz. 5 Sk. Twine .. 2 9 ½ Cotton Wick .. 1 2 .. 3 11 Iron Pots 7 Weight 185 lb. 1 14 8 Long Ells 8 Yards Scarlet 1 2 10 Iron Ware Viz. 10 Ash Helves .. 5 10 12 Large Frying Pans 2 14 3 5 Small do. .. 14 2 6 Wood Axes .. 14 4 1 Stock Lock .. 3 1 2 Doz. Wood Screws .. 1 10 2 Splintr. Locks .. .. 11 2 Hand Hatchets .. 3 5 4 17 10 Carried Over £ 173 17 7	The garrison account continued from the total of £129 12s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £129 12s 1d Blankets, 17, £0 10s 4d Soldiers' clothing Soldiers' coats and breeches, 3 sets, £4 8s 5d Matross's coat and breeches, 1 set, £2 2s 6d Watch coats, 3, £0 16s 6d Total for soldiers' clothing, £7 7s 5d Soldiers' shirts, 9, £2 0s 0d Ordinary thread stockings, 9 pairs, £1 5s 9d Ordinary shoes, 9 pairs, £2 1s 10d Hats Soldiers' hats, 3, £0 8s 6d Sergeant's hat, 1, £0 12s 3d Total for hats, £1 0s 9d Canvas for cots, 186 yards, £9 4s 9d Nails for coffins and cots Two-penny nails, 30 lb, £1 1s 3d Six-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 6d Total for nails, £1 4s 9d Deals for coffins and cots Double deals, 9, £1 10s 2d Single deals, 4, £0 8s 0d Total for deals, £1 18s 2d Twine Twine, 5 skeins, £0 2s 9d Cotton wick, ½ lb, £0 1s 2d Total for twine, £0 3s 11d Iron pots, 7, weighing 185 lb, £1 14s 8d Scarlet long ells, 8 yards, £1 2s 10d Ironware Ash helves, 10, £0 5s 10d Large frying pans, 12, £2 14s 3d Small frying pans, 5, £0 14s 2d Wood axes, 6, £0 14s 4d Stock lock, 1, £0 3s 1d Wood screws, 2 dozen, £0 1s 10d Spring locks, 2, £0 0s 11d Hand hatchets, 2, £0 3s 5d Total for ironware, £4 17s 10d Carried forward, £173 17s 7d Interpretations The garrison drew 186 yards of canvas for cots this quarter, enough to make many new hanging beds. Cots of slung canvas served as bunks in the barracks and guardhouses. The issue came in the cold, damp winter months, when worn-out canvas let in the chill and men sleeping off the floor stayed drier and healthier. Three watch coats were issued for sentries. These were long, heavy greatcoats kept at the guardhouses and passed from man to man as each took his turn on watch through the night. The twelve large frying pans and seven iron pots went to the barracks messes, where the soldiers cooked their own rations of salt meat.
320	313	1775 Brought Over £ 173 17 7 Turners Ware Viz. 32 Bowls 1 16 .. 33 Platters 1 17 1 6 Ladles .. 1 11 3 15 .. Tin Ware Viz. 51 Lamps 1 15 1 15 Double Sheet Tin .. 10 .. 4 Lanthorn Leaves .. .. 9 2 5 10 Glass Ware Viz. 157 Squares 6 by 8 2 2 7 3 do. 8 by 10 .. 1 1 2 Hour Glasses .. 1 3 2 4 11 Thread Viz. 1½ White & Brown .. 9 11 2½ Coloured .. 7 4 .. 17 3 Books 50 Small Common Prayer 8 5 .. Lines 1 lb. Whipcords .. 3 6 £ 191 9 1 Blacks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Rice C. 96 .. 3 .. 19 44 2 6 Beef and Pork Viz. 931 Pcs. Beef 181 7 .. 756 Pcs. Pork 144 2 3 325 9 3 Arrack 134½ Gallons 28 .. 5 Oil 7 Gallons Train 1 8 9 Sugar C. 2 .. 3 .. 13 3 3 2 Tea .. 1 .. 1 .. 11 Bohea 5 2 4 Sago .. 1 .. 11 .. 14 2 Sope .. .. 13 .. 6 6 Salt ¾ Bushel .. 2 6 Chelloes 2 Pieces 1 2 4 Iron Pots 12 Weight C. 2 .. 4 2 13 3 Pepper 6 lb. .. 3 .. Carried Over £ 412 8 2	The garrison account closed from the total of £173 17s 7d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1775 to the account for the Company's black slaves. Brought forward, £173 17s 7d Turnery Wooden bowls, 32, £1 16s 0d Platters, 33, £1 17s 1d Ladles, 6, £0 1s 11d Total for turnery, £3 15s 0d Tinware Lamps, 51, £1 15s 1d Sheets of double tin, 15, £0 10s 0d Lantern horn panes, 4, £0 0s 9d Total for tinware, £2 5s 10d Glassware Window panes 6 by 8 inches, 157, £2 2s 7d Window panes 8 by 10 inches, 2, £0 1s 1d Hourglasses, 2, £0 1s 3d Total for glassware, £2 4s 11d Thread Whited brown thread, 1½ lb, £0 9s 11d Coloured thread, 2½ lb, £0 7s 4d Total for thread, £0 17s 3d Small Books of Common Prayer, 50, £8 5s 0d Whipcord lines, 1 lb, £0 3s 6d Total for the garrison, £191 9s 1d Company's black slaves, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Rice, 96 cwt 3 qr 19 lb, £44 2s 6d Beef and pork Beef, 931 pieces, £181 7s 0d Pork, 756 pieces, £144 2s 3d Total for beef and pork, £325 9s 3d Arrack, 134½ gallons, £28 0s 5d Train oil, 7 gallons, £1 8s 9d Sugar, 2 cwt 3 qr 13 lb, £3 3s 2d Bohea tea, 1 cwt 1 qr 11 lb, £5 2s 4d Sago, 1 cwt 0 qr 4 lb, £0 14s 2d Soap, 13 lb, £0 6s 6d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 2s 6d Chelloes, 2 pieces, £1 2s 4d Iron pots, 12, weighing 2 cwt 0 qr 4 lb, £2 13s 3d Pepper, 6 lb, £0 3s 0d Carried forward, £412 8s 2d Interpretations Fifty small Books of Common Prayer were issued to the garrison at the Company's cost. The chaplain, Robartes Carr, led services for the soldiers each Sunday, and a prayer book in each man's hand let him follow the Anglican service. The issue fitted the Company's wider concern with the garrison's order and discipline, alongside its control of the spirit trade. The slaves' account again leaned heavily on salt meat, at £325 9s 3d, together with nearly 97 cwt of rice. The yams issued to the slaves had fallen to 11,930 in the same quarter, so imported provisions now carried most of their diet. Feeding the slave labour force this way cost the Company more than £400 0s 0d in three months, more than double the garrison's own provisions.
321	314	16 October Brought Over £ 412 8 2 Iron Ware 3 Small Frying Pans .. 3 6 Shoes Viz. 49 Pr. Ordinary 11 7 8 15 Pr. Womens Calf Leather 1 19 5 13 7 1 Kersey 9 Yards .. 11 6 Hooks and Lines Viz. 400 No. 6 1 12 4 400 .. 10 Hooks .. 6 8 200 .. 13 .. 1 10 138 .. 3 2 5 1 201 .. 4 Lines 3 14 4 8 .. 3 Tin Ware 3 Quart Saucepans .. 1 4 Cutlery Ware 8 Butchers Knives .. 2 10 Canvas 2 Yards Ticklenburg .. 1 10 Haberdashery 2 Doz. Mohair Ct. Buttons .. 1 7 China Ware 4 Sneakers .. 1 4 Sailors Cloaths 2 Pr. Long Drawers .. 3 4 2 Hats .. 3 4 .. 6 8 Thread Viz. ½ lb. Coloured .. .. 9 1½ White & Brown .. 8 3 .. 9 .. £ 436 .. 1 Mallays Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Rice C. 2 .. 1 .. 14 1 1 8 Beef 14 Pieces 2 14 7 Sugar and Candy Viz. C. .. 2 .. Sugar .. 11 1 .. .. .. 15 Candy .. 5 9 .. 16 10 Arrack 9 Gallons 1 17 6 Flour 30 lb. .. 5 2 Coffee 4 lb. .. 3 4 Carried Over £ 6 19 1	The account for the Company's black slaves continued from the total of £412 8s 2d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1775 to the account for the Malays. Brought forward, £412 8s 2d Ironware, small frying pans, 3, £0 3s 6d Shoes Ordinary shoes, 49 pairs, £11 7s 8d Women's calf-leather shoes, 15 pairs, £1 19s 5d Total for shoes, £13 7s 1d Kersey, 9 yards, £0 11s 6d Hooks and lines Fish hooks number 6, 400, £1 12s 4d Fish hooks number 10, 400, £0 6s 8d Fish hooks number 13, 200, £0 1s 10d Fishing lines number 3, 138, £2 5s 1d Fishing lines number 4, 201, £3 14s 4d Total for hooks and lines, £8 0s 3d Tinware, quart saucepans, 3, £0 1s 4d Cutlery, butchers' knives, 8, £0 2s 10d Ticklenburg canvas, 2 yards, £0 1s 10d Haberdashery, mohair coat buttons, 2 dozen, £0 1s 7d China, sneakers, 4, £0 1s 4d Sailors' clothing Long drawers, 2 pairs, £0 3s 4d Hats, 2, £0 3s 4d Total for sailors' clothing, £0 6s 8d Thread Coloured thread, ¼ lb, £0 0s 9d Whited brown thread, ½ lb, £0 8s 3d Total for thread, £0 9s 0d Total for the Company's black slaves, £436 0s 1d Malays, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Rice, 2 cwt 1 qr 14 lb, £1 1s 8d Beef, 14 pieces, £2 14s 7d Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 0 cwt 0 qr 21 lb, £0 11s 1d Sugar candy, 0 cwt 0 qr 15 lb, £0 5s 9d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £0 16s 10d Arrack, 9 gallons, £1 17s 6d Flour, 30 lb, £0 5s 2d Coffee, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d Carried forward, £6 19s 1d Interpretations The Company issued more than 1,000 fish hooks and nearly 340 lines to its black slaves this quarter, the largest such issue of the year. With no ships bringing provisions and the flock shrinking, the Company set its slaves to fish for part of their own food. Fish from the island's waters cost the Company only the price of hooks and line, far less than the salt meat it otherwise had to issue. The slaves fishing from the rocks and in small boats thus became one more source of the island's winter food supply.
322	315	1775 Brought Over £ 6 19 1 Sago 10 lb. .. 3 9 Candles 28 lb. 1 16 5 Salt ½ Bushel .. 1 8 Tea Viz. 5 lb. Bohea .. 3 7 4 Congo .. 4 4 .. 7 11 Pepper 4 lb. .. 2 .. Sope 6 lb. .. 3 .. Oil 2 Bottles Florence .. 5 3 Cordage .. 2 .. 15 1 1 11 Starch .. .. 2 .. 1 2 Chelloes 3 Pieces 1 13 8 Buckram 3 Yards .. 3 1 Lead 12 lb. Pig .. 2 .. Paint 3 lb. Indico .. 5 1 Hooks and Lines Viz. 10 No. 7 Hooks .. 5 8 6 .. 2 Lines .. 1 8 .. 7 4 Haberdashery Viz. 14 Sk. Silk .. 5 3 12 do. Mohair .. 5 .. 6 Doz. Gilt Coat Buttons .. 10 .. 2 Ps. Tape .. 1 2 1 1 5 Broad Cloth Viz. 2⅞ Yards Light Blue 2 6 .. 4½ do. Green 2 4 .. 4 .. do. Scarlet 4 3 .. 8 13 .. Shoes 6 Pr. Mens Fine 1 13 .. Long Cloth Viz. 1 Pc. No. 3 3 4 5 1 do. .. 4 2 12 6 1 do. .. 5 1 10 4 7 7 3 Thread Viz. 2 lb. White & Brown .. 13 3 3 lb. Coloured .. 8 10 2 lb. No. 16 .. 4 5 1 6 6 Carried Over £ 29 14 3	The account for the Malays continued from the total of £6 19s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £6 19s 1d Sago, 10 lb, £0 3s 9d Candles, [...] lb, £1 16s 5d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 8d Tea Bohea tea, 5 lb, £0 3s 7d Congou tea, 4 lb, £0 4s 4d Total for tea, £0 7s 11d Pepper, 4 lb, £0 2s 0d Soap, 6 lb, £0 3s 0d Florence oil, 2 bottles, £0 5s 3d Cordage, 0 cwt 2 qr 15 lb, £1 1s 11d Starch, 2 lb, £0 1s 2d Chelloes, 3 pieces, £1 13s 5d Buckram, 3 yards, £0 3s 1d Pig lead, 12 lb, £0 2s 0d Indigo, 3 lb, £0 5s 1d Hooks and lines Fish hooks number 7, 100, £0 5s 8d Fishing lines number 2, 6, £0 1s 8d Total for hooks and lines, £0 7s 4d Haberdashery Silk, 14 skeins, £0 5s 3d Mohair thread, 12 skeins, £0 5s 0d Gilt coat buttons, 6 dozen, £0 10s 0d Tape, 2 pieces, £0 1s 2d Total for haberdashery, £1 1s 5d Broadcloth Light blue broadcloth, 2⅝ yards, £2 6s 0d Green broadcloth, 2½ yards, £2 4s 0d Scarlet broadcloth, 4 yards, £4 3s 0d Total for broadcloth, £8 13s 0d Men's fine shoes, 6 pairs, £1 13s 0d Longcloth Longcloth number 3, 1 piece, £3 4s 5d Longcloth number 4, 1 piece, £2 12s 6d Longcloth number 5, 1 piece, £1 10s 4d Total for longcloth, £7 7s 3d Thread Whited brown thread, 2 lb, £0 13s 3d Coloured thread, 3 lb, £0 8s 10d Thread number 16, 2 oz, £0 4s 5d Total for thread, £1 6s 6d Carried forward, £29 14s 3d Interpretations The Malays received scarlet, green and light blue broadcloth, gilt coat buttons, fine shoes and good longcloth this quarter, worth more than £17 0s 0d in clothing alone. The Company's black slaves were clothed in slop jackets, chelloes and coarse kersey. The Malays were being dressed in coloured coats with gilt buttons, closer to the clothing of the island's free servants. Their account now ran to nearly £30 0s 0d in a quarter for a handful of men. The difference confirms that the Company treated them as a distinct group of skilled or contracted men, not as ordinary field slaves.
323	316	16 October Brought Over £ 29 14 3 Shaloon 9 Yards Pompadore 1 1 5 Ticking 8 Yards .. 13 2 Tin Ware Viz. 2 Puding Pans .. 2 3 2 Pint Saucepans .. .. 8 1 Two Gallon Kettle .. 2 9 .. 5 8 China Ware Viz. 4 Octagon Meat Dishes .. 8 4 12 do. do. Plates .. 6 .. 4 Bowls .. 2 9 12 Sneakers .. 4 .. 1 1 1 Cutlery Ware 2 Fine Ivory Combs .. 5 7 Earthen Ware 2 Large Red Tea Pots .. 2 .. Canvas 3 Yards Ticklenburgs .. 2 9 Flannel 4 do. .. 7 7 Deals 2 Double .. 6 9 Glass Ware 6 Wine Glasses .. 2 8 Hosiery 2 Pr. Buff Worsted Breeches 1 2 .. Iron Pots 1 Weight 29 lb. .. 5 5 Pewter 1 Chamber Pot .. 3 .. £ 39 13 4 Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Rice and Paddy Viz. 3 .. 2 .. 6 Rice Prisoners & Steward 2 10 6 38 .. 2 .. 5 Paddy Poultry & Horses 8 10 4 11 .. 10 Beef 9 Pieces Steward 1 15 1 Wheat C. .. 3 .. 12 Poultry .. 10 8 Cordage C. 1 .. 1 Gardens 1 14 11 Lines Viz. 12 No. 3 .. 3 11 2 Hambro .. 3 .. .. 6 11 Carried Over £ 15 8 5	The account for the Malays ended from the total of £29 14s 3d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1775 to the plantation account. Brought forward, £29 14s 3d Pompadour shalloon, 9 yards, £1 1s 5d Ticking, 8 yards, £0 13s 2d Tinware Pudding pans, 2, £0 2s 3d Pint saucepans, 2, £0 0s 8d Two-gallon kettle, 1, £0 2s 9d Total for tinware, £0 5s 8d China Octagonal meat dishes, 4, £0 8s 4d Octagonal plates, 12, £0 6s 0d Bowls, 4, £0 2s 9d Sneakers, 12, £0 4s 0d Total for china, £1 1s 1d Fine ivory combs, 2, £0 5s 7d Large red teapots, 2, £0 2s 0d Ticklenburg canvas, 3 yards, £0 2s 9d Flannel, [...] yards, £0 7s 7d Double deals, 2, £0 6s 9d Wine glasses, 6, £0 2s 8d Buff worsted breeches, 2 pairs, £1 2s 0d Iron pot weighing 29 lb, 1, £0 5s 5d Pewter chamber pot, 1, £0 3s 0d Total for the Malays, £39 13s 4d Plantation, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Rice and paddy Rice for the overseers and the steward, 5 cwt 2 qr 6 lb, £2 10s 6d Paddy for the poultry and horses, 38 cwt 2 qr 5 lb, £8 10s 4d Total for rice and paddy, £11 0s 10d Beef for the steward, 9 pieces, £1 15s 1d Wheat for the poultry, 0 cwt 3 qr 12 lb, £0 10s 8d Cordage for the gardens, 1 cwt 2 qr 7 lb, £1 14s 11d Lines Fishing lines number 3, 12, £0 3s 11d Hamburg lines, 2, £0 3s 0d Total for lines, £0 6s 11d Carried forward, £15 8s 5d Interpretations The Malays' account reached £39 13s 4d this quarter, three times the £13 10s 3d of the second quarter. Most of the rise came from household goods as well as clothing: china plates and dishes, wine glasses, teapots, ivory combs, kettles and a chamber pot. These were the furnishings of a settled household, not the bare issue made to labourers. The Malays seem to have been setting up proper homes on the island, which suggests that they were living there as a community with families, at the Company's charge.
324	317	1775 Brought Over £ 15 8 5 Iron Ware Viz. 4 Pr. Sheep Shears .. 6 .. 10 Ash Helves .. 5 10 3 Scythes .. 15 5 6 Scythe Stones .. 1 5 3 Rag do. .. 1 1 3 Spring Rat Traps .. 12 .. 3 Hand Hatchets Gardens .. 5 1 4 Sheets Emery Paper .. .. 4 1 Pad Lock Stable .. 1 5 1 Broad Hoe .. 2 2 1 Pickax .. 3 4 1 Garden Rake Garden .. 2 4 1 Pr. Garden Shears .. 3 8 3 .. 1 Cutlery Ware Viz. 14 Butchers Knives .. 5 .. 13 Shoe do. .. 5 5 .. 10 5 Pitch and Tar 2 Gallons, Tar Carts .. 1 6 Oil 2½ Gallons Train .. 9 3 Turners Ware 3 Flaskets .. 10 .. Deals Viz. 1 Ash Plank Carts 2 6 9 ½ Oak do. 1 14 11 4 1 8 Tin Ware 4 Watering Pots Gardens .. 14 4 £ 24 15 8 Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Sugar C. 2 .. .. 9 .. 2 6 Flour .. 2 .. 3 1 18 7 Rice .. 2 .. 3 .. 18 6 Tea 24 Bohea .. 17 .. Oil 11 Galls. Train 2 5 2 Salt 1 Bushel .. 3 4 Sago 12 .. 4 6 Pease 1 Bushel Peas .. 11 2 Iron Pots .. 3 .. Carried Over £ 8 6 3	The plantation account continued from the total of £15 8s 5d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1775 to the hospital account. Brought forward, £15 8s 5d Ironware Sheep shears, 4 pairs, £0 6s 0d Ash helves, 10, £0 5s 10d Scythes, 3, £0 15s 5d Scythe stones, 6, £0 1s 5d Rag stones, 3, £0 1s 1d Spring rat traps for the gardens, 3, £0 12s 0d Hand hatchets for the gardens, 3, £0 5s 1d Emery paper for the stables, 4 sheets, £0 0s 4d Padlock for the stables, 1, £0 1s 5d Broad hoe for the gardens, 1, £0 2s 2d Pickaxe for the gardens, 1, £0 3s 4d Garden rake, 1, £0 2s 4d Garden shears, 1 pair, £0 3s 8d Total for ironware, £3 0s 1d Cutlery Butchers' knives, 14, £0 5s 0d Shoe knives, 13, £0 5s 5d Total for cutlery, £0 10s 5d Tar for the carts, 2 gallons, £0 1s 6d Train oil, 2½ gallons, £0 9s 3d Flaskets, 3, £0 10s 0d Deals for the carts Ash plank, 1, £2 6s 9d Oak plank, ½ piece, £1 14s 11d Total for deals, £4 1s 8d Watering pots for the gardens, 4, £0 14s 4d Total for the plantation, £24 15s 8d Hospital, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Sugar, 3 cwt 0 qr 9 lb, £3 6s 0d Flour, 2 cwt 0 qr 3 lb, £1 18s 7d Rice, 2 cwt 0 qr 3 lb, £0 13s 6d Bohea tea, 24 lb, £0 17s 0d Train oil, 11 gallons, £2 5s 2d Salt, 1 bushel, £0 3s 4d Sago, 12 lb, £0 4s 6d Pease, 1 bushel, £0 11s 2d Iron, 18 lb, £0 3s 0d Carried forward, £8 6s 3d Interpretations The plantation took four pairs of sheep shears and fourteen butchers' knives this quarter. Shearing fell in the southern spring, from September, and the butchers' knives served the slaughter of the 72 sheep killed for the Castle table and the stores. Ash and oak plank went to build or repair carts, which the new road to Longwood now made worth having. Together the issues show the Company's farm moving into its busiest season as winter ended.
325	318	16 October Brought Over £ 9 6 3 Tin Ware Viz. 2 Quart Saucepans .. .. 11 2 Pints do. .. .. 8 1 Gallon Kettle .. 1 8 .. 3 3 Turners Ware Viz. 3 Scrubg. Brushes .. 9 2 3 Birch Brooms .. 1 3 2 Mops .. 2 6 .. 12 11 Long Cloth 2 Pieces No. 5 3 .. 8 Wine 45 Gallons Port 14 3 2 Canvas 4 Yards English .. 4 .. £ 27 10 3 Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Nails Viz. 4 .. 3 .. 2 9 3 .. 4 .. 1 9 9 .. 6 .. 4 9 12 .. 10 .. 5 6 6 .. 20 .. 2 3 .. 17 .. Deals Viz. 10 Single 1 .. .. 1 Double .. 3 5 4½ Elm Boards 1 3 3 1 Elm Plank 2 13 .. 1 Wainst. Board .. 4 .. 5 3 8 Paint Viz. 20 lb. White Lead mixed .. 7 1 31 Brimstone .. 5 2 35 White Lead Dry .. 10 3 17 Iron Red Dry .. 3 11 1 6 5 Carried Over £ 7 7 1	The hospital account continued from the total of £9 6s 3d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1775 to the boats account. Brought forward, £9 6s 3d Tinware Quart saucepans, 2, £0 0s 11d Pint saucepans, 2, £0 0s 8d Gallon kettle, 1, £0 1s 8d Total for tinware, £0 3s 3d Turnery Scrubbing brushes, 3, £0 9s 2d Birch brooms, 3, £0 1s 3d Mops, 2, £0 2s 6d Total for turnery, £0 12s 11d Longcloth number 5, 2 pieces, £3 0s 8d Port wine, 45 gallons, £14 3s 2d English canvas, 4 yards, £0 4s 0d Total for the hospital, £27 10s 3d Boats, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Nails Three-penny nails, 4 lb, £0 2s 9d Four-penny nails, 3 lb, £0 1s 9d Six-penny nails, 9 lb, £0 4s 9d Ten-penny nails, 12 lb, £0 5s 6d Twenty-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 3d Total for nails, £0 17s 0d Deals Single deals, 10, £1 0s 0d Double deal, 1, £0 3s 5d Elm boards, 4½, £1 3s 3d Elm plank, 1, £2 13s 0d Wainscot board, 1, £0 4s 0d Total for deals, £5 3s 8d Paint White lead ground in oil, 20 lb, £0 7s 1d Brimstone, 31 lb, £0 5s 2d White lead dry, 35 lb, £0 10s 3d Venetian red dry, 17 lb, £0 3s 11d Total for paint, £1 6s 5d Carried forward, £7 7s 1d Interpretations The hospital drew 45 gallons of port wine this quarter, at a cost of £14 3s 2d, more than half its whole account. Earlier in the year the hospital had received no wine at all. Physicians of the period prescribed port as a restorative for fevers, weakness and wasting illness, and the cold winter months brought sickness to the barracks. The wine came from the same stock the Castle was drinking down, so the Company used its surplus where it would do most good.
326	319	1775 Brought Over £ 7 7 1 Arrack 5 Gallons 1 .. 10 Cordage C. 9 .. 3 .. 2 16 17 .. Leather .. 11 Sole .. 10 7 Pitch and Tar Viz. 1 Barrel Pitch 1 3 10 3 Gallons Tar .. 2 3 45 lb. Rosin .. 8 3 1 14 4 Oil Viz. 4½ Gallons Train .. 18 6 5 do. Linseed .. 19 1 ½ do. Turpentine .. 3 6 2 1 1 Oars 2 .. 8 1 Canvas 5 Pieces English 9 7 9 Lines Viz. 2 Hambro .. 3 .. 1 Log .. 1 .. .. 4 .. Iron Ware Viz. 18 Sail Needles .. 1 2 2 Scrapers .. 3 8 .. 4 10 Tin Ware 3 Double Sheets Tin .. 2 .. Turners Ware Viz. 3 Paint Brushes .. 1 6 1 Tar do. .. .. 8 .. 2 2 Masts 1 Spar 1 18 .. £ 41 17 9 Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Candles 4 lb. Mending Lime Bags .. 7 4 Twine 21 Skeins do. .. 11 5 Canvas 10 .. 29 English, Lime Bags, Mortar &c. 20 4 5 Iron C. 1 .. 3 .. 13 Lime Kiln 1 3 11 Nails 6 .. 3 .. 4 2 Carried Over £ 22 16 3	The boats account continued from the total of £7 7s 1d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1775 to the fortifications account. Brought forward, £7 7s 1d Arrack, 5 gallons, £1 0s 10d Cordage, 9 cwt 3 qr 2 lb, £16 17s 0d Sole leather, 11 lb, £0 10s 7d Pitch and tar Pitch, 1 barrel, £1 3s 10d Tar, 3 gallons, £0 2s 3d Rosin, 44 lb, £0 8s 3d Total for pitch and tar, £1 14s 4d Oil Train oil, 4½ gallons, £0 18s 6d Linseed oil, 5 gallons, £0 19s 1d Turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 3s 6d Total for oil, £2 1s 1d Oars, 2, £0 8s 1d English canvas, 5 pieces, £9 7s 9d Lines Hamburg lines, 2, £0 3s 0d Log line, 1, £0 1s 0d Total for lines, £0 4s 0d Ironware Sail needles, 18, £0 1s 2d Scrapers, 2, £0 3s 8d Total for ironware, £0 4s 10d Sheets of double tin, 3, £0 2s 0d Turnery Paint brushes, 3, £0 1s 6d Tar brush, 1, £0 0s 8d Total for turnery, £0 2s 2d Spar for a mast, 1, £1 18s 0d Total for the boats, £41 17s 9d Fortifications, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Candles for mending lime bags, 4 lb, £0 7s 4d Twine for lime bags, 21 skeins, £0 11s 5d English canvas for lime bags, mortar and other uses, 10 pieces 29 yards, £20 4s 5d Iron for the lime kilns, 1 cwt [...] qr 13 lb, £1 3s 11d Three-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 4s 2d Carried forward, £22 16s 3d Interpretations The boats drew nearly half a ton of cordage and five pieces of English canvas this quarter, at a cost of more than £26 0s 0d. Coming after a similar refit in the second quarter, the issue shows the Company's longboat and lighters being re-rigged and given new sails during the quiet winter months. Work on the boats could be done without interrupting landings while no ships were in the road. The fleet would then be ready when the new season began in October. The fortifications took ten pieces of canvas for lime bags in a single quarter. The lime burned at Sandy Bay travelled round the coast in these sacks, and the lime itself went into the mortar for the new houses and storeroom. Canvas wore out fast under the weight and the caustic lime, so the bags had to be renewed constantly.
327	320	16 October Brought Over £ 22 16 3 Iron Ware Viz. 2 Two Feet Rules .. 2 .. 2 Claw Hammers .. 3 5 6 Ash Helves .. 3 6 1 Stock Lock .. 3 1 1 Pr. Sheep Shears .. 1 6 60 Bolt Rope Needles .. 6 3 6 Shod Shovels .. 10 6 1 Stone Saw .. 3 10 1 Iron Rubbish Riddle .. 6 6 1 Boatsn. and Bro. Tools .. 7 5 23 Inch and Point do. 1 13 10 4 1 10 Paint Viz. 73 lb. White Lead Mixed 1 7 8 26 do. Dry .. 7 7 44 Whiting .. 1 1 28 Blue Black 1 5 8 2 Barrels Blacking .. 1 .. 7 lb. Umber .. 1 2 1 Vermellion .. 5 7 25 Chalk .. 1 1 17 Red Lead .. 3 7 3 14 5 Oil Viz. 12½ Gallons Linseed 1 6 9 1 do. Train .. 4 2 1 do. Turpentine .. 6 11 1 17 10 Lines Viz. 12 No. 2 .. 3 4 12 .. 3 .. 3 11 3 Hambro .. 4 5 .. 11 8 Turners Ware Viz. 10 Paint Brushes .. 4 10 2 Labourers Baskets .. 2 .. 2 Hair Brooms .. 5 11 .. 12 9 Bunting P. 2 Yds. Red 1 11 5 Glass Ware 1 Sq. 6 by 8 .. .. 4 Iron Pots 1 Kettle .. 19 .. Lead C. .. 1 Sheet .. 10 5 Carried Over £ 36 15 11	The fortifications account continued from the total of £22 16s 3d brought forward. Brought forward, £22 16s 3d Ironware Two-foot rules, 2, £0 2s 0d Claw hammers, 2, £0 3s 5d Ash helves, 6, £0 3s 6d Stock lock, 1, £0 3s 1d Sheep shears, 1 pair, £0 1s 6d Bolt-rope needles, 60, £0 6s 3d Shod shovels, 6, £0 10s 6d Stone saw, 1, £0 3s 10d Iron rubbish riddle, 1, £0 6s 6d Boring tools, 1 set, £0 7s 5d Inch and point tools, 23, £1 13s 10d Total for ironware, £4 1s 10d Paint White lead ground in oil, 73 lb, £1 7s 8d White lead dry, 26 lb, £0 7s 7d Whiting, 44 lb, £0 1s 1d Blue black, 28 lb, £1 5s 8d Blacking balls, 2 [...], £0 1s 0d Umber, 7 lb, £0 1s 2d Vermilion, 1 lb, £0 5s 7d Chalk, 25 lb, £0 1s 1d Red lead, 17 lb, £0 3s 7d Total for paint, £3 14s 5d Oil Linseed oil, 12½ gallons, £1 6s 9d Train oil, 1 gallon, £0 4s 2d Turpentine, 1 gallon, £0 6s 11d Total for oil, £1 17s 10d Lines Fishing lines number 2, 12, £0 3s 4d Fishing lines number 3, 12, £0 3s 11d Hamburg lines, 3, £0 4s 5d Total for lines, £0 11s 8d Turnery Paint brushes, 10, £0 4s 10d Labourers' baskets, 2, £0 2s 0d Hair brooms, 2, £0 5s 11d Total for turnery, £0 12s 9d Red bunting, 6 yards 2 [...], £0 11s 5d Window panes 6 by 8 inches, 1, £0 0s 4d Iron kettle, 1, £0 1s 9d Sheet lead, 0 cwt 2 qr 1 lb, £0 10s 5d Carried forward, £36 15s 11d Interpretations The tools issued here were for working stone, not timber. A stone saw cut the soft volcanic tuff that the island's masons shaped into blocks, and the 23 inch and point tools were masons' chisels, the flat inch chisel for dressing faces and the point for roughing out. The iron riddle was a coarse sieve for screening rubble and sand for mortar. Together with the lime from Sandy Bay, they show the fortification works quarrying and dressing local stone on the spot, not shipping it in. Bolt-rope needles were heavy sail needles used to stitch the rope that edges and strengthens canvas. Sixty of them, alongside the canvas for lime bags, point to a large stock of bags being made and reinforced to stand up to heavy loads.
328	321	1775 Brought Over £ 36 15 11 Thread 2 lb. Coloured .. 5 11 Coals 13 Bushels 24 lb. Burning Lime 28 16 .. £ 65 17 10 Houses Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30th September 1775 Iron and Steel Viz. 7 .. 2 .. 9 Iron 6 15 3 .. 1 .. 25 Steel .. 18 10 7 14 1 Cordage 20 lb. .. 6 3 Deals Viz. 138 Double 23 2 11 20 Single 2 .. .. 25½ Baulks 11 9 6 11 Buffers 2 .. 7 14½ Pcs. Riga Timber 36 .. 10 1½ Pcs. Oak Plank 5 4 11 ½ Pcs. Elm do. 1 6 6 81 5 3 Iron Ware Viz. 6 Bricklayers Trowels .. 7 11 47 lb. Rod Iron .. 9 10 3 Masons Hammers 1 .. 6 1 Large Fryg. Pan .. 4 7 1 Wood Ax .. 2 11 2 5 9 Tin Ware 6 Watering Pots 1 1 6 Turners Ware 13 Labourers Baskets .. 18 .. Lines Viz. 12 No. 3 .. 3 11 24 No. .. 4 .. 8 11 .. 12 10 Oil 2 Gallons Train .. 8 3 Carried Over £ 94 11 10	The fortifications account closed from the total of £36 15s 11d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1775 to the account for the new houses. Brought forward, £36 15s 11d Coloured thread, 2 lb, £0 5s 11d Coal for burning lime, 13 chaldrons 24 bushels, £28 16s 0d Total for fortifications, £65 17s 10d New houses, 1 July to 30 September 1775 Iron and steel Iron, 7 cwt 2 qr 9 lb, £6 15s 3d Steel, 0 cwt 1 qr 25 lb, £0 18s 10d Total for iron and steel, £7 14s 1d Cordage, 20 lb, £0 6s 3d Deals Double deals, 138, £23 2s 11d Single deals, 20, £2 0s 0d Balks, 25½, £11 9s 6d [...], 11, £2 0s 7d Riga timber, 14½ pieces, £36 0s 10d Oak plank, 1½ pieces, £5 4s 11d Elm plank, ½ piece, £1 6s 6d Total for deals, £81 5s 3d Ironware Bricklayers' trowels, 6, £0 7s 11d Rod iron, 47 lb, £0 9s 10d Masons' hammers, 3, £1 0s 6d Large frying pan, 1, £0 4s 7d Wood axe, 1, £0 2s 11d Total for ironware, £2 5s 9d Watering pots, 6, £1 1s 6d Labourers' baskets, 18, £0 18s 0d Lines Fishing lines number 3, 12, £0 3s 11d Fishing lines number 4, 24, £0 8s 11d Total for lines, £0 12s 10d Train oil, 2 gallons, £0 8s 3d Carried forward, £94 11s 10d Interpretations The lime kilns burned more than 13 chaldrons of coal this quarter, costing £28 16s 0d, the largest single charge in the fortifications account. Coal had to be shipped all the way from England, because St Helena's few remaining trees could not be spared for fuel. The early settlers had cut much of the island's native woodland, and goats had stopped it growing back. Every barrel of lime for the new houses and storerooms therefore carried the cost of fuel brought thousands of miles by sea. Timber for the new houses again cost more than £80 0s 0d, with 14½ pieces of Riga timber alone worth £36 0s 10d. After three quarters of building, the houses had consumed several hundred pounds' worth of imported wood. That outlay, together with the steady house-rent allowances paid to officers waiting to move in, made the three houses among the costliest works the Company undertook on the island in 1775.
329	322	16 October Brought Over £ 94 11 10 Nails Viz. 6 .. 3 .. 4 2 22 .. 4 .. 12 10 10 .. 6 .. 5 8 16 .. 10 .. 7 4 10 .. 20 .. 3 9 50 .. 40 .. 17 9 50 Spikes .. 15 7 3 6 8 Masts 1 Top Mast 9 2 9 £ 107 1 3 St. Helena 30 September 1775 Errors Excepted (Signed) Jon. Doveton Store Keeper	16 October Brought Over £ 94 11 10 Nails Viz. 6 .. 3 .. 4 2 22 .. 4 .. 12 10 10 .. 6 .. 5 8 16 .. 10 .. 7 4 10 .. 20 .. 3 9 50 .. 40 .. 17 9 50 Spikes .. 15 7 3 6 8 Masts 1 Top Mast 9 2 9 £ 107 1 3 St. Helena 30 September 1775 Errors Excepted (Signed) Jon. Doveton Store Keeper
330	323	1775 Inventory of Stores remaining in the Honorable Company's Ware Houses the 30th September 1775 Anchors Viz. 3 without Weights 40 3 9 1 Weight 33 .. .. 16 56 6 7 1 do. 33 .. 3 .. 57 13 1 1 do. 35 .. 2 .. 7 1 do. 36 .. 3 .. 18 148 9 9 4 Grapnels wt. 6 .. 2 .. 24 11 11 5 18 Iron Hoops 2 18 .. 2 Anchor Stocks 9 2 .. 23 Tree Nails .. 7 8 326 12 3 Buckram 56 Yards 2 16 9 Blankets 3 1 16 .. Bunting Viz. 7 .. 17 Red 11 6 10 .. 32 White .. 13 8 .. 38 Blue 1 2 1 13 7 7 Broad Cloth Viz. 23½ Yards Scarlet 29 10 9 60⅞ do. Black 51 14 11 5⅞ do. Light Blue 4 9 9 11 do. Green 9 12 11 ¼ do. White .. 12 10 16½ do. Wilton 2 16 10 ⅞ do. Black Cassimere .. 6 6 99 4 6 Braziers Ware Viz. 1 Large Skimmer .. 14 4 2 Small Skimmers .. 4 11 1 Warming Pan .. 11 3 8 Hackstans with Covers 10 17 1 4 Large Brass Cocks 1 2 .. 4 Bottling do. .. 17 10 Braziers Ware Carried over £ 14 7 5 Carried Over £ 443 17 1	The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1775 began as follows. Inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses, 30 September 1775 Anchors Anchors without weight marked, 3, £40 3s 9d Anchor weighing 33 cwt 0 qr 16 lb, 1, £56 6s 7d Anchor weighing 33 cwt 3 qr 0 lb, 1, £57 13s 1d Anchor weighing 35 cwt 2 qr 7 lb, 1 Anchor weighing 36 cwt 3 qr 18 lb, 1 Two anchors above together, £148 9s 9d Grapnels weighing 6 cwt 2 qr 24 lb, 4, £11 11s 5d Iron hoops, 18, £2 18s 0d Anchor stocks, 2, £9 2s 0d Treenails, 23, £0 7s 8d Total for anchors, £326 12s 3d Buckram, 56 yards, £2 16s 9d Blankets, 3, £1 16s 0d Bunting Red bunting, 7 pieces 17 yards, £11 6s 10d White bunting, 32 yards, £0 13s 8d Blue bunting, 38 yards, £1 2s 1d Total for bunting, £13 7s 7d Broadcloth Scarlet broadcloth, 23½ yards, £29 10s 9d Black broadcloth, 60⅞ yards, £51 14s 11d Light blue broadcloth, 5⅝ yards, £4 9s 9d Green broadcloth, 11⅝ yards, £9 12s 11d White broadcloth, ¾ yard, £0 12s 10d Wilton cloth, 16½ yards, £2 16s 10d Black cassimere, ⅞ yard, £0 6s 6d Total for broadcloth, £99 4s 6d Brass and copper ware Large skimmer, 1, £0 14s 4d Small skimmers, 2, £0 4s 11d Warming pan, 1, £0 11s 3d Fish kettles with covers, 8, £10 17s 1d Large brass cocks, 4, £1 2s 0d Bottling cocks, 4, £0 17s 10d Brass and copper ware carried forward, £14 7s 5d Carried forward, £443 17s 1d Interpretations The year's stocktaking, which Daniel Corneille had been appointed to carry out on 4 September 1775, now gave a full valuation of everything left in the stores. Its first item showed the island's reserve of heavy ground tackle: seven anchors worth more than £300 0s 0d. One anchor and cable had been sold to a Company ship in the second quarter. Keeping several in reserve meant any ship that lost an anchor on the rocky bottom of James Bay could be refitted at once. The inventory valued every item at cost, so it served as a balance against the storekeeper's books. The sales and issues in Doveton's quarterly collections, added to the stock left on the shelves, ought to account for everything received during the year. Any gap between the two would point to loss, waste or theft.
331	324	16th October Brought Over £ 443 17 1 Braziers Ware brought Over £ 14 7 5 3 Pr. Steel Snuffers .. 14 7 2 Copper Bars 1 18 6 1 Brass Bar .. 14 2 2 Four Quart Tea Kettles 1 13 10 2 Copper Pumps 2 8 10 33 lb. Roll'd Dutch Brass 3 3 4 2 Large Copper Boiling Kettles 6 4 .. 1 Pr. Brass Candlesticks .. 7 9 1 lb. Copper Rivets .. 1 8 2 Door Bells .. 6 4 6 Hand do. .. 15 10 1 Brass Sheave 5 6 9 38 2 7 Books Viz. 15 Large Bibles 20 13 6 2 Primmers .. .. 6 2 Large Common Prayer .. 10 .. 39 Small do. 6 12 .. 27 15 .. Beef and Pork Viz. Casks 416 .. 14 Beef 1304 17 7 Pieces 4 do. 23 1 9 Casks 389 .. Pork 4553 16 10 Pieces 11 .. do. 63 4 .. 6445 .. 2 Blocks Viz. 2 Ironbound Cat .. 12 10 4 do. Dead Eyes 2 13 1 1 Double Long Tackle .. 4 9 1 Snatch .. 13 7 2 With Brass Sheaves .. 10 4 14 Single of 5 Inches .. 9 11 44 Double of 8 do. 3 11 .. 8 15 6 Canvas Viz. 22 .. 27 English 42 12 6 3 .. 86 Ticklenburgs 17 7 4 59 19 10 Corks 12 Sheet .. 7 .. Copper Money 34923 Halfpence 72 15 4 Carried Over £ 7096 12 6	The inventory continued from the total of £443 17s 1d brought forward, with brass and copper ware resumed from its own subtotal of £14 7s 5d. Brought forward, £443 17s 1d Brass and copper ware brought forward, £14 7s 5d Steel snuffers, 3 pairs, £0 14s 7d Copper bars, 2, £1 18s 6d Brass bar, 1, £0 14s 2d Five-quart tea kettles, 2, £1 13s 10d Copper pumps, 2, £2 8s 10d Dutch brass, 33 lb roll, £3 3s 4d Large copper boiling kettles, 2, £6 4s 0d Brass candlesticks, 1 pair, £0 7s 9d Copper rivets, 1 lb, £0 1s 8d Door bells, 2, £0 6s 4d Hand bells, 6, £0 15s 10d Brass sheave, 1, £5 6s 9d Total for brass and copper ware, £38 2s 7d Books Large Bibles, 15, £20 13s 6d Primers, 2, £0 0s 6d Large Books of Common Prayer, 2, £0 10s 0d Small Books of Common Prayer, 39, £6 12s 0d Total for books, £27 15s 0d Beef and pork Beef, 416 casks 14 pieces, £1,304 17s 7d Damaged beef, 4 casks, £23 1s 9d Pork, 338 casks, £4,553 16s 10d Damaged pork, 11 casks, £63 4s 0d Total for beef and pork, £6,445 0s 2d Blocks Iron-bound cat blocks, 2, £0 12s 10d Iron-bound deadeyes, 4, £2 13s 1d Double long tackle block, 1, £0 4s 9d Snatch block, 1, £0 13s 7d Blocks with brass sheaves, 2, £0 10s 4d Single blocks of 5 inches, 14, £0 9s 11d Double blocks of 8 inches, 4, £3 11s 0d Total for blocks, £8 15s 6d Canvas English canvas, 22 pieces 27 yards, £42 12s 6d Ticklenburg, 3 pieces 86 yards, £17 7s 4d Total for canvas, £59 19s 10d Sheet cork, 1½ sheets, £0 0s 7d Copper halfpence, 34,928, £72 15s 4d Carried forward, £7,096 12s 6d Interpretations Salt beef and pork made up the greater part of the stores by value, at £6,445 0s 2d against barely £650 0s 0d for everything listed before it. More than 750 casks stood in the warehouses after a year's issues. This was the island's food reserve against a failed harvest or a season with no ships, and the inspections of July and October 1775 had picked out the 15 damaged casks entered separately at a reduced value. The stores held 34,928 copper halfpence, worth £72 15s 4d. The Company shipped out copper coin for small change, since its silver dollars and rupees were too valuable for daily trade in bread, fish and eggs. Keeping the coin in the stores let the Company pay out small sums and take them back in change from sales.
332	325	1775 Brought Over £ 7096 12 6 Cordage Viz. 2 Cables Damaged wt. 148 .. 1 .. 1 2 Coils of 5 Inches 12 .. 1 .. 8 5 do. of 4 do. 24 .. 3 .. 13 2 do. of 3½ do. 7 .. 1 .. 25 6 do. of 3 do. 12 .. 2 .. 26 30 do. of 2½ do. 54 .. .. 18 254 .. 3 .. 7 433 2 6 Cutlery Ware Viz. 59 Buckling Combs 1 7 8 6 Fine Ivory do. .. 16 9 92 Ordy. do. do. 5 3 .. 3 Doz. Stag Horn Handle Knives & Forks 1 19 6 7 Shoe Knives .. 10 2 18 Chopping do. .. 12 11 2 Pallet do. .. 1 8 959 Pr. Shoe Buckles 24 19 7 88 Pr. Knee do. 1 5 8 2 Cases Fleams .. 4 11 393 Pr. Leather Garters 12 18 10 44 Butchers Knives .. 15 2 50 15 10 Cart Wheels Viz. 2 Pr. Cart Wheels 6 17 10 6 Wheel Barrows 4 15 9 11 13 7 Coals 25 Chaldron 51 12 .. Camblet Viz. 28 Yards Scarlet 5 2 8 10 do. Brown 1 10 10 32½ do. Blue 4 18 2 11 11 8 Deals Viz. 153 Double 25 18 10 336 Single 33 10 .. 8 Buffers 1 9 5 13 Timbers for Long Boats 5 14 3 14 Wainst. Boards 2 16 .. 53 Bundles Fir Laths 2 17 9 36 do. Oak do. 3 17 10 4 Pcs. Elm Plank 10 13 10 3¾ Pcs. Oak do. 30 11 7 6¼ Pcs. Ash do. 21 2 6 133 12 .. Carried Over £ 7794 .. 1	The inventory continued from the total of £7,096 12s 6d brought forward. Brought forward, £7,096 12s 6d Cordage Damaged cables, 2, weighing 148 cwt 1 qr 1 lb Coils of 5-inch rope, 2, weighing 12 cwt 1 qr 8 lb Coils of 4-inch rope, 5, weighing 24 cwt 3 qr 13 lb Coils of 3½-inch rope, 2, weighing 7 cwt 1 qr 25 lb Coils of 3-inch rope, 6, weighing 12 cwt 2 qr 26 lb Coils of 2½-inch rope, 30, weighing 54 cwt 0 qr 18 lb Total cordage, 254 cwt 3 qr 7 lb, £433 2s 6d Cutlery and small wares Buckling combs, 59, £1 7s 8d Fine ivory combs, 6, £0 16s 9d Ordinary ivory combs, 92, £5 3s 0d Stag-horn-handled knives and forks, 3 dozen, £1 19s 6d Stone knives, 7, £0 10s 2d Chopping knives, 10, £0 12s 11d Pallet knives, 2, £0 1s 8d Shoe buckles, 959 pairs, £24 19s 7d Knee buckles, 88 pairs, £1 5s 8d Cases of fleams, 2, £0 4s 11d Leather garters, 393 pairs, £12 18s 10d Butchers' knives, 44, £0 15s 2d Total for cutlery and small wares, £50 15s 10d Cart wheels and barrows Cart wheels, 2 pairs, £6 17s 10d Wheelbarrows, 6, £4 15s 9d Total for cart wheels and barrows, £11 13s 7d Coal, 25 chaldrons, £51 12s 0d Camlet Scarlet camlet, 28 yards, £5 2s 8d Brown camlet, 10 yards, £1 10s 10d Blue camlet, 32½ yards, £4 18s 2d Total for camlet, £11 11s 8d Deals Double deals, 153, £25 18s 10d Single deals, 336, £33 10s 0d [...], 8, £1 9s 5d Timbers for longboats, 13, £5 14s 3d Wainscot boards, 14, £2 16s 0d Fir laths, 53 bundles, £2 17s 9d Oak laths, 36 bundles, £3 17s 10d Elm plank, 4 pieces, £10 13s 10d Oak plank, 8½ pieces, £30 11s 7d Ash plank, 6¼ pieces, £21 2s 6d Total for deals, £138 12s 0d Carried forward, £7,794 0s 1d Interpretations The stores held 959 pairs of shoe buckles and 393 pairs of leather garters, far more than the island could use in a single year. Small goods like these came out in bulk with the season's ships because a whole case cost little more to send than a few dozen. They sold slowly, a few pairs at a time, so the stock lay on the shelves for years. A large reserve of slow-moving small wares was a familiar feature of the Company's distant stores. The two damaged cables, weighing nearly 7½ tons, made up more than half the cordage. A cable too worn for a ship's anchor was still valuable on land. It could be cut up and picked apart into junk for gun wadding, oakum for caulking and short lengths for lashing. The Company kept it for those uses, not thrown away.
333	326	16 October Brought Over £ 7794 .. 1 Earthen Ware Viz. 25 Milkpans 1 15 2 1 Close Stoolpan 2 do. do. Damaged .. 3 3 4 Stone Dishes .. 3 6 5 Large Cream Coloured Teapots .. 5 .. 2 do. Red do. .. 2 .. 2 8 11 Flour 563 Casks C. 1691 .. 1 1608 9 .. Flannel Pc. Yds. 2 13 13 9 8 Glass Ware Viz. 700 Squares 6 by 8 8 15 1 421 do. 8 by 10 10 19 .. 202 do. 10 by 12 8 13 9 34 do. 10½ by 16 2 2 .. 24 do. 10 by 14 1 13 .. 52 do. 12 by 20 4 9 11 16 Tumblers .. 9 4 28 Pint Decanters 2 7 9 5 Candle Shades 1 15 7 3 Four Hour Glasses 1 Three do. Glass Damaged .. 13 4 13 Hour Glasses 24 Half Hour do. 1 2 .. 8 Minute do. .. 6 8 22 Beer do. .. 13 9 44 6 2 Grindstones 1 .. 3 11 Hats Viz. 2 Mens Fine 1 15 4 4 Boys 1 4 .. 96 Soldiers 15 10 8 18 10 .. Hosiery Viz. 1632 Pr. Ordy. Thread Stockings 226 18 .. 10 Pr. Black Silk do. 8 5 .. 6 Pr. White do. 4 19 .. 20 Pr. Boys Cotton do. 2 11 4 3 Pr. Black Worsted Breeches Damagd. 1 13 .. 1 Pr. Buff do. do. .. 11 .. 4 Pr. do. Silk do. 5 7 .. 3 Pr. Black do. do. 4 .. 3 254 4 7 Carried Over £ 9735 12 4	The inventory continued from the total of £7,794 0s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £7,794 0s 1d Earthenware Milk pans, 23, £1 15s 2d Close-stool pan, 1, and damaged close-stool pans, 2, £0 3s 3d Stoneware dishes, 4, £0 3s 6d Damaged large cream-coloured teapots, 5, £0 5s 0d Damaged red teapots, 2, £0 2s 0d Total for earthenware, £2 8s 11d Flour, 563 casks weighing 1,691 cwt 0 qr 0 lb, £1,608 9s 0d Flannel, 2 pieces 13 yards, £13 9s 8d Glassware Window panes 6 by 8 inches, 700, £8 15s 1d Window panes 8 by 10 inches, 421, £10 19s 0d Window panes 10 by 12 inches, 202, £8 13s 9d Window panes 10½ by 16 inches, 34, £2 2s 0d Window panes 10 by 14 inches, 24, £1 13s 0d Window panes 12 by 20 inches, 52, £4 9s 11d Tumblers, 16, £0 9s 4d Pint decanters, 28, £2 7s 9d Candle shades, 5, £1 15s 7d Damaged four-hour glasses, 3, and damaged three-hour glass, 1, £0 13s 4d Hourglasses, 13, and half-hour glasses, 24, £1 2s 0d Minute glasses, 8, £0 6s 8d Beer glasses, 22, £0 13s 9d Total for glassware, £44 6s 2d Grindstone, 1, £0 3s 11d Hats Men's fine hats, 2, £1 15s 4d Boys' hats, 4, £1 4s 0d Soldiers' hats, 96, £15 10s 8d Total for hats, £18 10s 0d Hosiery Ordinary thread stockings, 1,632 pairs, £226 18s 0d Black silk stockings, 10 pairs, £8 5s 0d White silk stockings, 6 pairs, £4 19s 0d Boys' cotton stockings, 20 pairs, £2 11s 4d Damaged black worsted breeches, 3 pairs, £1 13s 0d Damaged buff worsted breeches, 1 pair, £0 11s 0d Damaged silk breeches, 4 pairs, £5 7s 0d Damaged black breeches, 3 pairs, £4 0s 3d Total for hosiery, £254 4s 7d Carried forward, £9,735 12s 4d Interpretations The stores still held 563 casks of flour weighing nearly 85 tons, worth £1,608 9s 0d. That was the island's bread for the coming months until the next store ships from England arrived. Much of the season's flour had been found poor in July 1775, and the Company had steered the garrison towards Bengal rice. Holding back so large a reserve shows the Council keeping its flour against a failed harvest or a lost ship, and using rice for daily needs in the meantime. The 1,632 pairs of thread stockings, worth £226 18s 0d, were the garrison's clothing reserve. Each soldier drew a pair at the yearly issue. A stock of more than 1,600 pairs would clothe the whole garrison almost three times over, a cushion against a year when the clothing ship failed to arrive.
334	327	1775 Brought Over £ 9735 12 4 Hooks and Lines Viz. 3550 No. 6 34 6 9 2200 .. 7 6 3 .. 450 .. 9 .. 12 11 5350 .. 10 4 9 2 350 .. 11 .. 5 .. 2525 .. 12 Hooks 1 17 10 3175 .. 13 1 9 2 1400 .. 14 .. 11 1 4275 .. 15 1 8 2 3300 .. 16 1 5 6 514 Large 5 14 6 10½ Doz. No. 2 1 14 6 23¼ do. .. 3 5 10 6 36 do. .. 4 7 19 4 12 Hambro Lines .. 17 5 15 Log .. 13 9 11 Knots Sash .. 13 5 6 lb. Whip Cord .. 19 8 76 11 8 Haberdashery Viz. 1 .. 5 Silk 1 19 5 7 .. 5 Mohair 1 .. 7 do. Damaged .. 15 9 21 Gro. Mohair Coat Buttons .. 10 3 17 .. 1 do. Breast do. 4 2 5 .. 65 Silver Wire Coat do. 14 17 11 .. 1¼ do. Breast do. .. 3 .. .. 36½ Gilt Coat do. 3 .. 10 .. 38 Gold Basket Coat do. 8 7 10 .. 14½ do. Breast do. 1 12 1 .. 2⅚ Spangled Coat do. 1 1 6 .. 7½ do. Breast do. 1 17 .. 24½ .. White Waistcoat do. 2 15 2 27½ .. Shirt do. 3 8 9 5 Pcs. Union Cord .. 11 3 6½ Pcs. Galloon 1 14 .. 4 Pcs. Braid .. 11 .. 10¾ Yards Tabby 4 12 2 3½ Gro. Pomp. Worsted Lace 3 .. 8 5 .. do. Narrow do. 3 .. .. Haberdashery Carried Over £ 82 17 .. Carried Over £ 9812 4 ..	The inventory continued from the total of £9,735 12s 4d brought forward. Brought forward, £9,735 12s 4d Hooks and lines Fish hooks number 6, 3,550, £34 6s 9d Fish hooks number 7, 2,200, £6 3s 0d Fish hooks number 9, 450, £0 12s 11d Fish hooks number 10, 5,350, £4 9s 2d Fish hooks number 11, 350, £0 5s 0d Fish hooks number 12, 2,675, £1 17s 10d Fish hooks number 13, 3,175, £1 9s 2d Fish hooks number 14, 1,400, £0 11s 1d Fish hooks number 15, 4,275, £1 8s 2d Fish hooks number 16, 3,300, £1 5s 6d Large fish hooks, 514, £5 14s 6d Fishing lines number 2, 10½ dozen, £1 14s 6d Fishing lines number 3, 23½ dozen, £5 10s 6d Fishing lines number 4, 36 dozen, £7 19s 4d Hamburg lines, 12, £0 17s 5d Log lines, 15, £0 13s 9d Sash line, 11 hanks, £0 13s 8d Whipcord, 6 lb, £0 19s 8d Total for hooks and lines, £76 11s 8d Haberdashery Silk, 1 lb 5 oz, £1 19s 5d Mohair thread, 7 lb 5 oz, and damaged mohair thread, 1 lb 7 oz, £0 15s 9d Mohair coat buttons, 21 gross 8 dozen, £0 10s 3d Mohair breast buttons, 17 gross 1 dozen, £4 2s 5d Silver wire coat buttons, 65 dozen, £14 17s 11d Silver wire breast buttons, 1¼ dozen, £0 3s 0d Gilt coat buttons, 36½ dozen, £3 0s 10d Gold basket coat buttons, 38 dozen, £8 7s 10d Gold basket breast buttons, 14½ dozen, £1 12s 1d Spangled coat buttons, 2½ dozen, £1 1s 6d Spangled breast buttons, 7½ dozen, £1 17s 0d White waistcoat buttons, 24½ gross, £2 15s 2d Shirt buttons, 27½ gross, £3 8s 9d Union cord, 5 pieces, £0 11s 3d Galloon, 6½ pieces, £1 14s 0d Braid, 4 pieces, £0 11s 0d Tabby, 10½ yards, £4 12s 2d Broad worsted lace, 3½ gross, £3 0s 8d Narrow worsted lace, 5 gross, £3 0s 0d Haberdashery carried forward, £82 17s 5d Carried forward, £9,812 4s 0d Interpretations The stores held more than 26,000 fish hooks and about 800 fishing lines, enough to supply the island for two or three years at the year's rate of sale. The Company kept fishing gear in such quantity because fish had become a regular part of the island's food. Hooks and lines were issued free to the Governor's fishermen, the Malays and the Company's slaves, as well as sold to settlers. A large reserve meant the island could keep fishing even if the shipments from England failed. Galloon was a narrow braid of silk, worsted or metal thread used to trim hats and uniforms, and union cord was a twisted cord of mixed fibres. Tabby was a heavy silk taffeta with a watered sheen, used for waistcoats and women's gowns. The silver wire and gold basket buttons, worth more than £28 0s 0d, were for officers' and gentlemen's coats. The plain mohair and shirt buttons served the ordinary clothing of soldiers and settlers.
335	328	16 October Brought Over £ 9812 4 .. Haberdashery brought over £ 82 17 .. 151¾ Yds. Broad Gold Lace 31 16 6 10 Pr. Gold Garters 3 11 8 94 Ps. Tape 2 14 .. 42 Pr. Silk Garters 2 2 9 40 Cockades .. 13 4 3 Gold Epaulets 1 9 9 125 5 .. Iron Ware Viz. 17 Carpenters Adzes 2 8 5 5 Augurs .. 14 2 17 Stone Axes 5 12 .. 9 Broad do. 1 18 8 6 Axeltrees & Winches 1 5 6 3 Coopers Axes .. 11 7 1 Hollowg. Adze .. 2 7 3 Round Adzes .. 8 .. 26 Wood Axes 3 16 1 33 Paper Bolts .. 10 4 7 Drill Bows .. 15 9 2½ Borax 1 17 1 70 Drill Bores 3 10 .. 2 Cast Backs for Forges 1 17 .. 71 Brass Boxes for Wheel Barrows .. 8 1 4½ Dragons Blood .. 4 2 1 Bung Borer .. 5 6 7 Coopers Cold Chizels .. 7 11 1 Cock Borer .. 3 .. 33 Socket and Scull. Chizels 3 6 4 13 Pr. Steel Compasses .. 7 3 1 Pr. Sliding do. .. 3 10 1 Pr. Wool Cards .. 1 11 1 Pr. Iron Dividers .. 2 6 24 Bolts for Drawing Stocks .. 8 .. 3 Steel Drivers .. 5 .. 4 Drawing Stocks .. 6 4 15 Chafing Dishes 4 2 5 9¼ lb. Flour Emery .. .. 10 ½ Wash do. .. 1 1 10½ Coarse do. .. 3 11 Iron Ware Carried Over Carried Over £ 9937 9 ..	The inventory continued from the total of £9,812 4s 0d brought forward, with haberdashery resumed from its own subtotal of £82 17s 0d. Brought forward, £9,812 4s 0d Haberdashery brought forward, £82 17s 0d Broad gold lace, 151¾ yards, £31 16s 6d Gold garters, 10 pairs, £3 11s 8d Tape, 94 pieces, £2 14s 0d Silk garters, 42 pairs, £2 2s 9d Cockades, 40, £0 13s 4d Gold epaulettes, 3, £1 9s 9d Total for haberdashery, £125 5s 0d Ironware Carpenters' adzes, 17, £2 8s 5d Augers, 5, £0 14s 2d Stone axes, 17, £5 12s 0d Broad axes, 9, £1 18s 8d Axletrees and winches, 6, £1 5s 6d Coopers' axes, 3, £0 11s 7d Hollowing adzes, 2, £0 2s 7d Round adzes, 3, £0 8s 0d Wood axes, 26, £3 14s 1d Pepper mills, 33, £0 10s 4d Spinning wheel, 1, £0 15s 9d Braces, 2½, £1 17s 1d Drill bows, 70, £3 10s 0d Cast backs for forges, 2, £1 17s 0d Brass boxes for wheelbarrows, 71, £0 8s 1d Dragon's blood, 4½ lb, £0 4s 2d Bung borer, 1, £0 5s 6d Coopers' cold chisels, 7, £0 7s 11d Cock borer, 1, £0 3s 0d Socket and soft chisels, 33, £3 6s 4d Steel compasses, 13 pairs, £0 7s 3d Sliding compasses, 1 pair, £0 3s 10d Wool cards, 1 pair, £0 1s 11d Iron dividers, 1 pair, £0 2s 6d Bolts for vice stocks, 24, £0 8s 0d Steel drivers, 3, £0 5s 0d Vice stocks, 4, £0 6s 4d Chafing dishes, 15, £4 2s 5d Flour emery, ¼ lb, £0 0s 10d Coarse emery, ½ lb, £0 1s 1d Coarse emery, 10½ lb, £0 3s 11d Ironware carried forward Carried forward, £9,937 9s 0d Interpretations The stores held more than 150 yards of broad gold lace worth £31 16s 6d, along with gold epaulettes and gold garters. Gold lace trimmed officers' hats and coats and marked rank at a glance. The officers of the garrison bought it from the stores for their own uniforms. The quantity held shows how much the Company spent on the outward show of military rank, even in a small island garrison far from any enemy. The 40 cockades were rosettes of black ribbon worn on the hat to show service to the Crown. A single spinning wheel sat among the tools, ready for sale to a settler wishing to spin the wool from the growing flocks. The two cast backs for forges were iron plates set behind a smith's fire to protect the brickwork from the heat.
336	329	1775 Brought Over £ 9937 9 .. Iron Ware brought over 560 Files 11 11 .. 13 Rubber Files 3 11 7 9 Bast. do. 2 9 6 14 Gouges 1 5 3 9 Soldg. do. .. 6 .. 4 Spike Gimblets .. 1 6 48 Pr. Shutter Hinges 5 3 4 60 Pr. HL do. 3 15 3 4 Pr. H do. .. 3 8 15 Broad Hoes 1 12 6 16 Dutch do. 2 5 11 21 Ash Helves .. 12 3 97 Hammerd. do. 1 16 4 24 Masons Hammers 3 3 2 4 Turners Hatchets .. 19 6 5 Pr. HL Hinges with Joints .. 18 1 19 Pr. Dovetail do. Large 6 16 11 13 Setting Hammers 4 7 9 2 Upband do. .. 9 11 2 Nailing do. .. 7 4 2 Bench do. .. 1 10 1 Lathing do. .. 1 8 5 Coopers Hand do. .. 11 .. 38 Truss Hoops 2 17 .. 1 Hand Hatchet .. 1 8 172 File Hafts .. 14 4 3 Pr. X Garnet Hinges .. 17 2 9 Helves for Garden Hoes .. 5 .. 4 Trowels .. 7 9 11 .. .. .. Rod Iron 12 14 4 .. 3 .. 2 Plate do. 1 11 11 1 .. 2 .. 6 Roll'd do. 2 6 10 1 Large Jack 7 10 2 2 Small do. 4 19 8 2 Beak Irons 1 3 5 7 Coopers Jointer Irons .. 13 9 7 Small Box do. 2 6 3 1 Flagon Iron .. 1 8 41 Plane Irons .. 15 3 Iron Ware Carried Over Carried Over £ 9937 9 ..	The inventory continued from the total of £9,937 9s 0d brought forward, with ironware resumed. Brought forward, £9,937 9s 0d Ironware, continued Files, 560, £11 11s 0d Rubber files, 13, £3 11s 7d Bastard files, 9, £2 9s 6d Gouges, 14, £1 5s 3d [...], 9, £0 6s 0d Spike gimlets, 4, £0 1s 6d Shutter hinges, 48 pairs, £5 3s 4d H hinges, 60 pairs, £3 15s 3d H hinges, smaller, 4 pairs, £0 3s 8d Broad hoes, 15, £1 12s 6d Dutch hoes, 16, £2 5s 11d Ash helves, 21, £0 12s 3d Hammer helves, 97, £1 16s 4d Masons' hammers, 24, £3 3s 2d Joiners' hatchets, 4, £0 12s 6d PH hinges with leaf joints, 5 pairs, £0 18s 1d Large dovetail hinges, 19 pairs, £6 16s 11d Setting hammers, 13, £4 7s 9d Uphand hammers, 2, £0 9s 11d Nailing hammers, 2, £0 7s 4d Bench hammers, 2, £0 1s 10d Lathing hammer, 1, £0 1s 8d Coopers' hand hammers, 5, £0 11s 0d Truss hoops, 38, £2 17s 0d Hand hatchet, 1, £0 1s 8d File handles, 172, £0 14s 4d Cross-garnet hinges, 3 pairs, £0 17s 2d Helves for garden hoes, 9, £0 5s 0d Trowels, 4, £0 7s 9d Rod iron, 11 cwt, £12 14s 4d Plate iron, 0 cwt 3 qr 2 lb, £1 11s 11d Roll iron, 1 cwt 2 qr 6 lb, £2 6s 10d Large roasting jack, 1, £7 10s 2d Small roasting jacks, 2, £4 19s 8d Beak irons, 2, £1 3s 5d Coopers' jointer irons, 7, £0 13s 9d Small box irons, 7, £2 6s 3d Wagon iron, 1, £0 1s 8d Plane irons, 41, £0 15s 3d Ironware carried forward Carried forward, £9,937 9s 0d Interpretations Truss hoops were large iron hoops a cooper drove down over the staves of a cask to pull them together while he shaped it. The coopers' jointer irons, hammers and cold chisels in the same stock show how much of the island's work turned on casks: for salt meat, flour, arrack, water and the lime carried round from Sandy Bay. The Company's cooper's shop rebuilt and repaired casks constantly, and the stores kept its tools in quantity. A beak iron was a small anvil with a pointed horn, used by smiths and tinmen to shape curved work. A setting hammer was a flat-faced tool held against hot iron and struck with a sledge to square shoulders and corners. Such specialised tools show the Company's forge capable of most of the island's ironwork without sending to England.
337	330	16 October Brought Over £ 9937 9 .. Iron Ware brought Over 5 Edging Irons .. 19 6 19 Single Pully's for Jacks .. 3 8 1 Setting Knife .. .. 9 4 Coopers Hollowg. Knives .. 8 .. 4 do. Drawing do. .. 7 .. 15 Blank Keys .. 14 2 31 Splinter Locks .. 13 8 31 Pad do. 2 3 .. 29 Stock Locks 4 8 3 6 Iron rim'd do. Bolted 7 5 9 3 do. do. for Street Doors 2 7 3 1 Chest do. .. 3 1 43 Iron rim'd do. with Brass Knobs 13 5 .. 60 do. do. with Pullbacks 12 9 3 1 do. do. Large .. 7 2 8 Cupboard do. 1 4 2 8 Brass Closet do. 2 .. 4 1 Seal Pad do. .. 7 2 1 Melting Ladle .. 11 1 10 Mauls 4 14 9 1 Pean Maul .. 4 5 3 Corn Mills 13 10 10 99 Masons Beach Mallets 9 4 6 132 Bolt Rope Needles .. 13 10 35 Sail do. .. 4 3 77 Packing do. .. 11 2 13 lb. Brass Chair Nails 1 18 .. 162 Pickaxes 26 16 10 20 Coopers Punches 1 7 1 1 Pully .. 1 8 2 Plow Planes 1 19 8 1 Blow Pipe .. .. 11 24 Sheets Emery Paper .. 2 .. 9 Small Frying Pans 1 1 4 9 Large do. do. 2 .. 3 2 Stockspans Hammers & Irons 3 10 10 9 lb. Brass Pins .. 8 10 34 Masons Stone Rammers 5 .. 5 6 Iron Rubbish Riddles 2 1 8 Iron Ware Carried Over Carried Over £ 9937 9 ..	The inventory continued from the total of £9,937 9s 0d brought forward, with ironware resumed. Brought forward, £9,937 9s 0d Ironware, continued Edging irons, 5, £0 19s 6d Single pulleys for jacks, 19, £0 3s 8d Setting knife, 1, £0 0s 9d Coopers' hollowing knives, 4, £0 8s 0d Coopers' drawing knives, 4, £0 7s 0d Blank keys, 15, £0 14s 2d Spring locks, 31, £0 13s 8d Padlocks, 31, £2 3s 0d Stock locks, 29, £4 8s 3d Iron-rimmed locks with bolts, 6, £7 5s 9d Iron-rimmed locks for street doors, 3, £2 7s 3d Chest lock, 1, £0 3s 1d Iron-rimmed locks with brass knobs, 43, £13 5s 0d Iron-rimmed locks with pull-back latches, 60, £12 9s 3d Large iron-rimmed lock, 1, £0 7s 2d Cupboard locks, 8, £1 4s 2d Brass closet locks, 8, £2 4s 0d Steel padlock, 1, £0 7s 2d Melting ladle, 1, £0 11s 1d Mauls, 10, £4 14s 9d Pin maul, 1, £0 4s 5d Corn mills, 3, £13 10s 10d Masons' beech mallets, 99, £9 4s 6d Bolt-rope needles, 132, £0 13s 10d Sail needles, 35, £0 4s 3d Packing needles, 77, £0 11s 2d Brass chair nails, 13 lb, £1 18s 0d Pickaxes, 162, £26 16s 10d Coopers' punches, 20, £1 7s 1d Pulley, 1, £0 1s 8d Brass planes, 2, £1 19s 8d Blowpipe, 1, £0 0s 11d Emery paper, 24 sheets, £0 2s 0d Small frying pans, 9, £1 1s 4d Large frying pans, 9, £2 0s 3d Stone pickers' hammers and irons, [...], £3 10s 10d Brass pins, 9 lb, £0 8s 10d Masons' stone rammers, 34, £5 0s 5d Iron rubbish riddles, 6, £2 1s 8d Ironware carried forward Carried forward, £9,937 9s 0d Interpretations The stores held 162 pickaxes, 99 masons' mallets, 34 stone rammers and ten mauls, far more heavy tools than the island's daily work could use. These were the reserve for the Company's building and fortification works, which in 1775 employed hundreds of labourer-days each quarter cutting and moving rock. Stone rammers were heavy iron-shod tools for packing earth and rubble into ramparts and road beds. Three corn mills worth £13 10s 10d sat in the stores. These were probably hand mills for grinding wheat and maize grown on the island. They gave the island a means of making its own flour if the shipments from England failed or arrived spoiled, as much of the year's flour had.
338	331	1775 Brought Over £ 9937 9 .. Iron Ware brought Over 22 Farriers Rasps 1 2 3 7 Garden Rakes .. 16 4 2 Gaging Rods .. 6 7 16 Pr. Sheep Shears 1 4 .. 1 Set Saw File .. 3 5 2 Pr. Garden Shears .. 7 4 6 Coopers Spoke Shaves .. 12 .. 1 Hand Round do. .. .. 6 3 Bevy do. .. 5 10 26 Spades 4 17 6 23 Shod Shovels 2 .. 3 31 Stone Saws 5 15 2 4 Turners Rubstones .. 16 .. 3 Rag Stones .. 1 1 147 Scythe do. 1 12 4 1 Whip Saw 2 6 10 1 Cross Cut do. 1 5 9 3 Gun Smiths do. 2 1 3 1 Pruning do. .. 2 .. 2 Tenon do. .. 13 5 3 Jackscrews 1 10 2 12 Doz. Wood Screws .. 11 .. 15 Saw Sets .. 8 7 3 Screw Stocks .. 5 6 20 do. Irons .. 15 5 2 lb. Yellow Solder .. 3 8 1 lb. Silver do. .. 6 .. 5 Jack Weights & Shifters 2 7 2 13 Figure Squares 1 2 6 11½ Spelter 1 2 8 10 Sickles .. 9 7 1 Scraper .. 1 10 36 Boatsn. & Bro. Tools 4 1 .. 105 Inch & Point do. 6 6 .. 31 Spring Rat Traps 2 5 10 43 Plaistr. Trowels 3 10 8 51 Bricklayers do. 3 5 3 1 Hand Vice .. 3 6 9 Coopers Vice .. 5 .. Iron Ware Carried Over Carried Over £ 9937 ..	The inventory continued from the total of £9,937 9s 0d brought forward, with ironware resumed. Brought forward, £9,937 9s 0d Ironware, continued Farriers' rasps, 22, £1 2s 3d Garden rakes, 7, £0 16s 4d Gauging rods, 2, £0 6s 7d Sheep shears, 16 pairs, £1 4s 0d Set of saw files, 1, £0 3s 5d Garden shears, 2 pairs, £0 7s 4d Coopers' spokeshaves, 6, £0 12s 0d Hand round spokeshave, 1, £0 0s 6d Busy spokeshaves, 3, £0 5s 10d Spades, 26, £4 17s 6d Shod shovels, 23, £2 0s 3d Stone saws, 31, £5 15s 2d Joiners' rubstones, 4, £0 16s 0d Rag stones, 3, £0 1s 1d Scythe stones, 147, £1 12s 4d Whip saw, 1, £2 6s 10d Crosscut saw, 1, £1 5s 9d Gunsmiths' saws, 3, £2 1s 3d Pruning saw, 1, £0 2s 0d Tenon saws, 2, £0 13s 5d Jack files, 3, £1 10s 2d Wood screws, 12 dozen, £0 11s 0d Saw sets, 15, £0 8s 7d Screw stocks, 3, £0 5s 6d Screw irons, 20, £0 15s 5d Yellow solder, 2 lb, £0 3s 8d Silver solder, 1 lb, £0 6s 0d Jack weights and pulleys, 5, £2 7s 2d Figures and letters for marking, 18, £1 2s 6d Spelter, 11½ lb, £1 2s 8d Sickles, 10, £0 9s 7d Scraper, 1, £0 1s 10d Boring tools, 36, £4 1s 0d Inch and point tools, 105, £6 6s 0d Spring rat traps, 31, £2 5s 10d Plasterers' trowels, 43, £3 10s 8d Bricklayers' trowels, 51, £3 5s 3d Hand vice, 1, £0 3s 6d Coopers' vices, 9, £0 5s 0d Ironware carried forward Carried forward, £9,937 9s 0d Interpretations The stores held 31 stone saws and 105 inch and point chisels, together with dozens of trowels and boring tools. The island's masons did not quarry hard granite. They cut the softer volcanic tuff into blocks with saws and dressed it with chisels. A stock this large shows that the Company intended its building works to go on for years: the new houses, the storerooms, the range at Rupert's Valley and the repairs to the batteries. The 18 figures and letters were steel stamps for marking. Struck into the wood of casks, gun carriages and tools, they branded each item as Company property with a number and the owner's mark. Gauging rods were graduated rods for measuring the contents of a cask. They let the storekeeper check how much arrack or wine each leaguer and pipe held against what the invoice charged.
339	332	16 October Brought Over £ 9937 9 .. Iron Ware brought Over 3 Sets of Jack Wheels 1 .. 2 24½ Tin Tacks 2 3 3 37 lb. Iron Wire 1 7 9 3 Curry Combs & Brushes .. 5 9 4 Scythes 1 .. 6 2 Pr. Large Steel Yards 1 13 .. 3 Pr. Small do. 1 12 .. 331 12 8 Iron Pots Viz. 11 Pots Weight C. 3 .. .. 22 lb. 3 3 5 1 Kettle .. 19 .. 4 2 5 Iron & Steel Viz. 132 .. .. 12 Iron 117 16 .. 17 .. 3 .. 14 Steel 35 9 .. 153 5 .. Kersey Ps. Yds. 3 .. 14 7 .. 6 Leather Viz. 4 .. 3 .. Sole 24 19 10 3 Calf Skins 1 12 .. 26 11 10 Long Ells 10½ Yards Scarlet 1 11 .. Lead Viz. 16 .. 1 .. .. Pig 13 18 .. .. .. 3 .. 14 Sheet .. 17 9 2 .. 3 .. 4 Shott 2 12 .. 10 Yards two Inch Pipe 4 15 6 22 3 3 Nails Viz. 3 .. 1 .. 4 .. 2 13 .. 6 6 .. 2 .. 15 .. 3 25 4 11 3 .. 2 .. 17 .. 4 11 14 .. 11 .. .. .. 6 31 14 .. 9 .. .. 1 .. 10 29 7 6 2 .. 2 .. 25 .. 20 5 14 .. 3 .. 2 .. 9 .. 30 6 11 3 .. .. 1 .. 16 .. 40 .. 15 7 3 .. .. 25 Spike 5 12 9 6 .. 2 .. 20 Plasg. Brads 13 15 10 1 .. 1 .. 1 Plasg. do. 5 17 9 .. .. .. 7 Scupper .. 3 10 1 .. 3 .. 16 Coopers Rivets 4 14 8 152 6 7 Carrd. Over	The inventory continued from the total of £9,937 9s 0d brought forward, with the last of the ironware. Brought forward, £9,937 9s 0d Ironware, continued Jack wheels, 3 sets, £1 0s 2d Tin tacks, 24½ lb, £2 3s 3d Iron wire, 37 lb, £1 7s 9d Curry combs and brushes, 3, £0 5s 9d Scythes, 4, £1 0s 6d Large steelyards, 2 pairs, £1 13s 0d Small steelyards, 3 pairs, £1 12s 0d Total for ironware, £331 12s 8d Iron pots Iron pots weighing 3 cwt 0 qr 22 lb, 11, £3 3s 5d Kettle, 1, £0 19s 0d Total for iron pots, £4 2s 5d Iron and steel Iron, 132 cwt 0 qr 12 lb, £117 16s 0d Steel, 17 cwt 3 qr 14 lb, £35 9s 0d Total for iron and steel, £153 5s 0d Kersey, 3 pieces 14 yards, £7 0s 6d Leather Sole leather, 4 cwt 3 qr 0 lb, £24 19s 10d Calfskins, 3, £1 12s 0d Total for leather, £26 11s 10d Scarlet long ells, 10½ yards, £1 11s 0d Lead Pig lead, 16 cwt 1 qr 0 lb, £13 18s 0d Sheet lead, 0 cwt 3 qr 14 lb, £0 17s 9d Lead shot, 2 cwt 3 qr 4 lb, £2 12s 0d Two-inch lead pipe, 10 yards, £4 15s 6d Total for lead, £22 3s 3d Nails Two-penny nails, 3 cwt 1 qr 4 lb, £13 0s 6d Three-penny nails, 6 cwt 2 qr 15 lb, £25 4s 11d Four-penny nails, 3 cwt 2 qr 17 lb, £11 14s 0d Six-penny nails, 11 cwt 0 qr 0 lb, £31 14s 0d Ten-penny nails, 9 cwt 0 qr 1 lb, £22 7s 6d Twenty-penny nails, 2 cwt 2 qr 25 lb, £5 14s 0d Thirty-penny nails, 3 cwt 2 qr 9 lb, £6 11s 3d Forty-penny nails, 0 cwt 1 qr 16 lb, £0 15s 7d Spikes, 3 cwt 0 qr 25 lb, £5 12s 9d Sheathing nails, 6 cwt 2 qr 25 lb, £13 15s 10d Glazing brads, 1 cwt 1 qr 1 lb, £5 17s 9d Scupper nails, 0 cwt 0 qr 7 lb, £0 3s 10d Coopers' rivets, 1 cwt 3 qr 16 lb, £4 14s 8d Total for nails, £152 6s 7d Interpretations The stores held more than 6½ tons of bar iron and nearly a ton of steel, worth £153 5s 0d, and more than 2½ tons of nails. The island had no iron of its own, so every hinge, bolt, nail and tool the smiths made began as bar iron shipped from England. This reserve kept the forge and the building works supplied between the yearly store ships. Ten yards of two-inch lead pipe show the Company also laying piped water, probably to the Castle or the new houses, from the springs above Jamestown. Sheathing nails were short broad-headed nails for fixing thin boards or copper over a ship's hull below the waterline, to keep out the shipworm. The Company held them so that its own boats, and any Company ship that needed it, could be resheathed at the island.
340	333	1775 Brought Over £ 10636 2 3 Oil Viz. 543 Gallons Train 112 6 8 390 do. Linseed 163 19 10 13 do. Turpentine 4 9 8 103 Bottles Florence 13 19 8 294 15 10 Paint Viz. 7 .. 3 .. 22 Whiting .. 19 5 .. .. 2 .. 14 Umber .. 11 8 2 .. 1 .. 19 Indico 22 16 7 2 .. 3 .. 22 White Lead Dry 4 13 10 1 .. 2 .. .. do. mixed 2 18 8 .. .. 3 .. 2 Olive Colour 7 12 3 .. .. .. 24 Verdegrease 5 9 .. .. .. .. 22 Log Wood .. 3 2 .. .. 3 .. 3 Blue Black 3 18 8 .. .. 1 .. 15 Black Lead 2 3 4 2 .. 3 .. 14 Blue Smalts 27 13 1 .. .. .. 17 Vermillion 4 14 3 .. .. .. 2½ Distill'd Verdegrease 1 7 9 7 .. 3 .. .. Chalk 1 15 8 8 .. 1 .. 24 Brimstone 7 18 .. .. .. 1 .. 4 White Copperas 1 11 .. .. .. .. 27 Green do. .. 3 9 1 .. 1 .. 14 Iron Red mixed 3 8 10 .. .. .. 10 Yellow Oaker do. .. 5 .. 111 Barrels Blacking 2 13 2 103 1 1 Pewter Viz. 3 Quart Funnels .. 7 .. 4 do. Pots .. 12 .. 5 Half Gallon do. 1 3 6 2 Gallon do. .. 18 4 4 Cranes 3 9 4 11 Water Plates 2 15 5 1 Pint Pot .. 2 .. 5 Close Stool Pans 1 5 9 11 Chamber Pots 1 12 3 12 11 .. Pease Viz. 5 Bushels Pease 2 4 .. 1½ do. Groats .. 15 3 2 19 3 Carried Over £ 11048 19 5	The inventory continued from the total of £10,636 2s 3d brought forward. Brought forward, £10,636 2s 3d Oil Train oil, 543 gallons, £112 6s 8d Linseed oil, 390 gallons, £163 19s 10d Turpentine, 13 gallons, £4 9s 8d Florence oil, 103 bottles, £13 19s 8d Total for oil, £294 15s 10d Paint Whiting, 7 cwt 3 qr 22 lb, £0 19s 5d Umber, 0 cwt 2 qr 14 lb, £0 11s 8d Indigo, 2 cwt 1 qr 19 lb, £22 16s 7d White lead dry, 2 cwt 3 qr 22 lb, £4 13s 10d White lead ground in oil, 1 cwt 2 qr 0 lb, £2 13s 8d Olive colour, 0 cwt 3 qr 2 lb, £7 12s 3d Verdigris, 0 cwt 0 qr 24 lb, £5 9s 0d Logwood, 0 cwt 0 qr 22 lb, £0 3s 2d Blue black, 0 cwt 3 qr 3 lb, £3 18s 8d Black lead, 0 cwt 1 qr 15 lb, £2 8s 4d Blue smalt, 2 cwt 3 qr 14 lb, £27 13s 1d Vermilion, 0 cwt 0 qr 17 lb, £4 14s 3d Distilled verdigris, 2½ lb, £1 7s 9d Chalk, 7 cwt 3 qr 0 lb, £1 15s 8d Brimstone, 8 cwt 1 qr 24 lb, £7 18s 0d White copperas, 0 cwt 1 qr 4 lb, £1 11s 0d Green copperas, 27 lb, £0 3s 9d Venetian red ground in oil, 1 cwt 1 qr 14 lb, £3 8s 10d Yellow ochre dry, 10 lb, £0 5s 0d Blacking balls, 111, £2 13s 2d Total for paint, £103 1s 1d Pewter Quart funnels, 3, £0 7s 0d Quart pots, 4, £0 12s 0d Half-gallon pots, 5, £1 3s 6d Gallon pots, 2, £0 18s 4d Cranes, 4, £3 9s 4d Water plates, 11, £2 15s 5d Pint pot, 1, £0 2s 0d Close-stool pans, 5, £1 5s 9d Chamber pots, 11, £1 12s 3d Total for pewter, £12 11s 0d Pease Pease, 5 bushels, £2 4s 0d Groats, 1½ bushels, £0 15s 3d Total for pease, £2 19s 3d Carried forward, £11,048 19s 5d Interpretations The stores held 543 gallons of train oil and 390 gallons of linseed oil. The train oil sold so slowly in the third quarter not because it had run out but because the storekeeper was holding the reserve back through the winter, issuing it mainly to the garrison and the Castle. The linseed oil, worth more than the train oil, was the base for all the paint the island used on its batteries, gun carriages and buildings. Black lead was graphite, used to blacken and polish ironwork and grates and to make pencils. Distilled verdigris was a purer, crystallised form of verdigris that gave a brighter green. Green copperas was iron sulphate, used in making ink and black dyes. The pewter cranes were bent tubes for siphoning wine or spirit out of a cask without disturbing the sediment.
341	334	16 October Brought Over £ 11048 19 5 Pump 1 12 13 5 Pitch and Tar Viz. 11½ Barrels Pitch 11 17 9 3 do. Tar 2 16 .. 2½ do. Rosin 5 17 10 2 do. Turpentine 7 9 .. 28 .. 7 Salt 33½ Bushels 5 11 9 Sope C. 13 .. 3 .. 7 27 13 2 Starch 2 .. 1 .. 26 7 11 2 Serge Viz. Ps. Yds. .. 19½ Scarlet 5 8 10 1 .. 24½ Green 12 2 11 .. 16½ Blue 3 11 9 1 .. 12½ Brown Duffle 13 10 .. ½ do. Fustain 1 2 .. 5 .. White do. 11 .. .. 46 15 6 Scales and Weights Viz. 1 Pr. Large Scales 12 .. 11 2 Beams 14 6 .. 26 6 11 Saddlery Viz. 7 Half Curb Bridles 3 14 8 8 Snaffle do. 2 9 4 21 Cruppers 1 15 11 27 Girths 2 19 9 20 Pr. Stirrup Leathers 3 12 6 16 Saddle Cloths 3 4 .. 13 Surcingles 2 3 11 1 Black Furniture Bridle 1 3 8 21 8 9 Sailors Cloths Viz. 2 Boys Green Duffle Jackets .. 10 9 53 Pr. do. Breeches 7 19 2 31 do. Shirts 4 6 6 9 Mens Jackets 3 6 4 13 Pr. do. Breeches 2 9 10 30 do. Shirts 5 .. .. 6 Hats .. 10 .. 24 2 7 Shaloon Ps. Yds. 1 .. 13 Coloured 4 8 .. Carried Over £ 11263 12 8	The inventory continued from the total of £11,048 19s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £11,048 19s 5d Pump, 1, £12 13s 5d Pitch and tar Pitch, 11½ barrels, £11 17s 9d Tar, 3 barrels, £2 16s 0d Rosin, 2½ barrels, £5 17s 10d Turpentine, 2 barrels, £7 9s 0d Total for pitch and tar, £28 0s 7d Salt, 33½ bushels, £5 11s 9d Soap, 13 cwt 3 qr 7 lb, £37 13s 2d Starch, 2 cwt 1 qr 26 lb, £7 11s 2d Serge Scarlet serge, 19½ yards, £5 8s 10d Green serge, 1 piece 24½ yards, £12 2s 11d Blue serge, 16½ yards, £3 11s 9d Brown duffel, 1 piece 12½ yards, £13 10s 0d Fustian, ½ piece, £1 2s 0d White fustian, 5 pieces, £11 0s 0d Total for serge, £46 15s 6d Scales and weights Large scales, 1 pair, £12 0s 11d Beams, 2, £14 6s 0d Total for scales and weights, £26 6s 11d Saddlery Half-curb bridles, 7, £3 14s 8d Snaffle bridles, 8, £2 9s 4d Cruppers, 21, £1 15s 11d Girths, 27, £2 19s 9d Stirrup leathers, 20 pairs, £3 12s 6d Saddle cloths, 16, £3 4s 0d Surcingles, 13, £2 3s 11d Black furniture bridle, 1, £1 3s 8d Total for saddlery, £21 3s 9d Sailors' clothing Boys' green duffel jackets, 2, £0 10s 9d Boys' breeches, 53 pairs, £7 19s 2d Boys' shirts, 31, £4 6s 6d Men's jackets, 9, £3 6s 4d Men's breeches, 13 pairs, £2 9s 10d Men's shirts, 30, £5 0s 0d Hats, 6, £0 10s 0d Total for sailors' clothing, £24 2s 7d Coloured shalloon, 1 piece 13 yards, £4 8s 0d Carried forward, £11,263 12s 8d Interpretations The stores held a large pair of scales and two beams worth more than £26 0s 0d, a substantial outlay for weighing gear. These were the public scales of the island. They weighed incoming goods against their invoices, outgoing stores to the garrison and the slaves, and, from August 1775, the live cattle sold to ships at 3½d a pound. Accurate weighing lay at the heart of the Company's control of its stores, since every short delivery and every sale was measured on them. A black furniture bridle was a bridle with dark leather and fittings, of the sort used for mourning or formal occasions. The 53 pairs of boys' breeches, far more than the men's, were probably for the Company's young slaves, clothed from the slop stock like the adults.
342	335	1775 Brought Over £ 11263 12 8 Soldiers Cloaths Viz. 49 Soldiers Coats & Breeches 75 2 .. 2 Sergeants do. & do. 10 9 .. 2 Art. Corpls. do. & do. 4 8 4 13 Matrosses do. 20 .. 10 7 Pr. do. Breeches 4 1 .. 14 Watch Coats 10 9 .. 124 10 2 Sashes Viz. 1 Case Turn'd Newels 2 11 .. 1 do. Carved Brackets cont. 26 6 18 .. 1 do. Bannisters do. 70 3 2 2 6 do. containing Sashes 57 19 4 1 do. do. Glass Squares 1 6 6 3 do. do. Lead Weights 7 18 6 79 15 6 Shirts Viz. 2220 Soldiers 492 13 6 5½ Ps. Coarse Irish Linen 10 3 2 5 .. 7½ Fine do. 29 12 1 4 .. 15 Brown Holland 9 17 6 ¾ .. Huckaback for Table Cloths 3 14 3 .. 7½ Russia Diaper .. 6 11 3 Diaper for Table Cloths 12 16 4 3 do. for Napkins 11 17 8 571 1 5 Shoes Viz. 31 Pr. Mens Fine Shoes 8 10 6 24 do. do. do. Pumps 6 .. .. 21 do. Boys 3 10 .. 15 do. Womens Calimanco 2 17 6 16 do. Girls do. 1 do. do. do. Damaged 3 11 .. 87 do. Womens Calf Leather 11 7 11 25 do. Girls do. 2 15 .. 3 Pr. Womens Spanish Leather .. 11 6 5 do. do. Fine Calf do. .. 18 4 2052 do. Mens Ordinary 2 do. do. Damaged 477 2 6 2 Pr. Latchets .. 5 2 516 9 5 Carried Over £ 12555 9 2	The inventory continued from the total of £11,263 12s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £11,263 12s 8d Soldiers' clothing Soldiers' coats and breeches, 49 sets, £75 2s 0d Sergeants' coats and breeches, 2 sets, £10 9s 0d Artillery corporals' coats and breeches, 2 sets, £4 8s 4d Matrosses' coats and breeches, 13 sets, £20 0s 10d Breeches, 7 pairs, £4 1s 0d Watch coats, 14, £10 9s 0d Total for soldiers' clothing, £124 10s 2d Sashes Turned newels, 1 case, £2 11s 0d Carved brackets, 1 case of 26, £6 18s 0d Banisters, 1 case of 70, £3 2s 2d Window sashes, 6 cases, £57 19s 4d Glass squares, 1 case, £1 6s 6d Lead weights, 3 cases, £7 18s 6d Total for sashes, £79 15s 6d Shirts Soldiers' shirts, 2,220, £492 13s 6d Coarse Irish linen, 5½ pieces, £10 3s 2d Fine Irish linen, 5 pieces 7½ yards, £29 12s 1d Brown holland, 4 pieces 15 yards, £9 17s 6d Huckaback for tablecloths, ¾ piece, £3 14s 3d Russia diaper, 7½ yards, £0 6s 11d Diaper for tablecloths, 3 pieces, £12 16s 4d Diaper for napkins, 3 pieces, £11 17s 8d Total for shirts, £571 1s 5d Shoes Men's fine shoes, 31 pairs, £8 10s 6d Men's pumps, 24 pairs, £6 0s 0d Boys' shoes, 21 pairs, £3 10s 0d Women's calimanco shoes, 15 pairs, £2 17s 6d Girls' calimanco shoes, 16 pairs, and damaged girls' shoes, 1 pair, £2 11s 0d Women's calf-leather shoes, 87 pairs, £11 7s 11d Girls' calf-leather shoes, 25 pairs, £2 15s 0d Women's Spanish-leather shoes, 3 pairs, £0 11s 6d Women's fine calf shoes, 5 pairs, £0 18s 4d Men's ordinary shoes, 2,052 pairs, and damaged ordinary shoes, 2 pairs, £477 2s 6d Pattens, 3 pairs, £0 5s 2d Total for shoes, £516 9s 5d Carried forward, £12,553 9s 2d Interpretations The stores held 2,220 soldiers' shirts and more than 2,000 pairs of men's ordinary shoes, together worth nearly £970 0s 0d. That was several years' supply for a garrison of fewer than 500 men. The Court of Directors shipped clothing in bulk because a lost or delayed store ship could leave the garrison in rags. The large stock, like the 1,632 pairs of stockings, was an insurance against the long and uncertain supply line from England. The window sashes, banisters, turned newels and carved brackets came ready-made from England in cases. They were joinery for the new houses: staircases with newel posts and balusters, and glazed sash windows hung on lead weights. The island had no timber fit for such fine work, so the finished parts were shipped out and fitted on site. Pattens were overshoes on an iron ring that raised the wearer above the mud of the island's unpaved streets.
343	336	16 October Brought Over £ 12555 9 2 Twine Viz. C. 1 .. .. Twine 5 16 8 .. 6½ Cotton Wick .. 15 2 23 Sk. Marline .. 7 .. 6 18 10 Thread Viz. 5 lb. Coloured .. 14 9 68½ White & Brown 22 14 1 2 .. 2 No. 16 3 14 10 27 3 8 Tin Ware Viz. 14 Canteens .. 19 3 5 Gallon Funnels .. 9 2 13 Quarts do. .. 4 9 76 Lanthorn Leaves .. 14 2 8 Double Sheets Tin .. 2 2 1 Globe Lamp .. 7 11 6 Horn Lanthorns 1 3 2 26 Lamps .. 17 10 2 Dripping Pans .. 3 10 60 Patty do. .. 11 6 10 Two Gallon Kettles 1 7 6 3 Gallon do. .. 5 .. 11 Watering Pots 1 19 4 25 Cullenders 1 13 11 10 19 6 Turners Ware Viz. 1 Hair Broom .. 2 11 13 Skimming Dishes .. 3 9 8 Pump Boxes 1 7 8 20 Flaskets 3 8 .. 285 Paint Brushes 6 11 6 86 Plaistr. do. 7 12 3 6 Tar do. .. 4 .. 6 Cloth do. .. 11 6 5 Shoe .. 3 3 9 Mops .. 11 3 1 Tray .. 1 6 1 Constables Staff .. 8 3 33 Wood Ladles .. 9 10 5 Birch Brooms .. 2 1 1 Tubmans Yoke .. 1 8 21 19 5 Carried Over £ 12622 10 7	The inventory continued from the total of £12,555 9s 2d brought forward. Brought forward, £12,555 9s 2d Twine Twine, 1 cwt, £5 16s 8d Cotton wick, 6½ lb, £0 15s 2d Marline, 23 skeins, £0 7s 0d Total for twine, £6 18s 10d Thread Coloured thread, 5 lb, £0 14s 9d Whited brown thread, 63½ lb, £22 14s 1d Thread number 16, 2 lb 2 oz, £3 14s 10d Total for thread, £27 3s 8d Tinware Canteens, 14, £0 19s 3d Gallon funnels, 5, £0 9s 2d Quart funnels, 13, £0 4s 9d Lantern horn panes, 76, £0 14s 2d Sheets of double tin, 8, £0 2s 2d Globe lamp, 1, £0 7s 11d Horn lanterns, 6, £1 3s 2d Lamps, 26, £0 17s 10d Dripping pans, 2, £0 3s 10d Patty pans, 60, £0 11s 6d Two-gallon kettles, 10, £1 7s 6d Gallon kettles, 3, £0 5s 0d Watering pots, 11, £1 19s 4d Colanders, 25, £1 13s 11d Total for tinware, £10 19s 6d Turnery Hair broom, 1, £0 2s 11d Skimming dishes, 13, £0 3s 9d Pump boxes, 8, £1 7s 8d Flaskets, 20, £3 8s 0d Paint brushes, 285, £6 11s 6d Plasterers' brushes, 86, £7 12s 3d Tar brushes, 6, £0 4s 0d Clothes brushes, 6, £0 11s 6d Shoe brushes, 5, £0 3s 3d Mops, 9, £0 11s 3d Tray, 1, £0 1s 6d Constable's staff, 1, £0 8s 3d Wooden ladles, 33, £0 9s 10d Birch brooms, 5, £0 2s 1d Tubman's yoke, 1, £0 1s 8d Total for turnery, £21 19s 5d Carried forward, £12,622 10s 7d Interpretations The stores held a constable's staff, the painted wooden baton that marked a constable's authority. Hugh Jones had been named constable at the parish election of April 1775. A spare staff in the stores meant the office could be equipped at once whenever a new man took it up, since the staff was the visible sign that a settler was acting with the Council's authority when he arrested or summoned his neighbours. Pump boxes were the valves and leather-lined chambers of wooden pumps, kept as spares for the pumps that drew water for the town and filled the casks of ships in the road. The 285 paint brushes and 86 plasterers' brushes were stock for the coming work on the new houses, which would need plastering and painting once their roofs were on.
344	337	1775 Brought Over £ 12622 10 7 Ticking Viz. Ps. Yds. 1 .. 53 Ticking 11 2 2 4 .. 31 Checked Linen 8 18 3 20 .. 5 Europe Goods amounting to 12642 11 .. India Goods Viz. Coffee C. 8 .. 3 .. 1 39 14 2 Tea Viz. C. 1 .. 24 Single 38 .. 7 9 .. 2 .. 15 Congo 59 7 5 20 .. 1 .. 8 Bohea 76 17 9 53 Cannistr. Hyson 14 1 2 8 do. Souchon 2 13 8 191 5 7 Pepper C. 2 .. 3 .. 24 8 6 .. China Ware Viz. 13 Soup Dishes 3 16 11 159 Octagon Meat Dishes 463 do. do. Plates 27 1 8 17 Tureens and Dishes 5 13 4 123 Sallad do. 4 1 9 43 Baking do. 1 17 4 18 Guglets 11 Basons 2 1 1 92 Chamber Pots 1 16 8 5 Bowls .. 3 5 53 Sneakers .. 17 8 12 Half pint Cups and Saucers .. 5 4 47 15 2 Chelloes 111 Pieces 69 3 5 Long Cloth Viz. 30½ No. 1 150 2 .. 6½ .. 2 26 7 7 30½ .. 3 98 3 5 6½ .. 4 17 1 .. 13¼ .. 5 20 17 1 11¼ .. 6 1 .. 6 Damaged 14 14 .. 327 5 1 Carried Over £ 13319 10 5	The inventory continued from the total of £12,622 10s 7d brought forward, completing the goods from Europe and beginning the goods from India and China. Brought forward, £12,622 10s 7d Ticking Ticking, 1 piece 59 yards, £11 2s 2d Checked linen, 4 pieces 31 yards, £8 18s 3d Total for ticking, £20 0s 5d Total for goods from Europe, £12,642 11s 0d Goods from India and China Coffee, 8 cwt 3 qr 1 lb, £39 14s 2d Tea Singlo tea, 6 cwt 1 qr 24 lb, £38 0s 7d Congou tea, 9 cwt 2 qr 15 lb, £59 7s 5d Bohea tea, 20 cwt 1 qr 8 lb, £76 17s 9d Hyson tea, 53 canisters, £14 1s 2d Souchong tea, 8 canisters, £2 13s 8d Total for tea, £191 5s 7d Pepper, 2 cwt 3 qr 24 lb, £8 6s 0d China Soup dishes, 13, £3 16s 11d Octagonal meat dishes, 159, and octagonal plates, 463, £27 1s 8d Tureens and dishes, 17, £5 13s 4d Salad dishes, 123, £4 1s 9d Baking dishes, 43, £1 17s 4d Guglets, 18, and basins, 11, £2 1s 1d Chamber pots, 22, £1 16s 8d Bowls, 5, £0 3s 5d Sneakers, 53, £0 17s 8d Half-pint cups and saucers, 12, £0 5s 4d Total for china, £47 15s 2d Chelloes, 111 pieces, £69 3s 5d Longcloth Longcloth number 1, 30½ pieces, £150 2s 0d Longcloth number 2, 6½ pieces, £26 7s 7d Longcloth number 3, 30½ pieces, £98 3s 5d Longcloth number 4, 6½ pieces, £17 1s 0d Longcloth number 5, 13½ pieces, £20 17s 1d Longcloth number 6, 11½ pieces, and damaged longcloth number 6, 1 piece, £14 14s 0d Total for longcloth, £327 5s 1d Carried forward, £13,319 10s 5d Interpretations The inventory divided the stock into two parts by origin, goods from Europe worth £12,642 11s 0d and goods from India and China, which began here. The split followed the Company's accounts. Goods from Europe were charged to the island through the London accounts, while goods from India and China were charged against the presidencies of Bengal, Madras and Bombay and the council at Canton. Keeping the two apart let the Council show the Court of Directors which part of the Company's trade had supplied each item, and in which currency it had been bought. The stores held more than 20 cwt of bohea tea and over 600 pieces of china in dishes and plates alone. The porcelain had come as ballast in the holds of the China ships, cheap enough to sell at the island for less than English earthenware. Much of it would sit on the shelves for years, a reserve for the Castle's table and for any settler who could afford a dinner service.
345	338	16 October Brought Over £ 13319 10 5 Sugar and Candy Viz. C. 254 .. 1 .. 1 Sugar 280 9 7 106 .. 2 .. 3 Candy 95 .. .. 15 do. Fine 485 18 7 766 8 2 Candles C. 17 .. 1 .. 6 176 10 .. Rice and Paddy Viz. 210 .. 3 .. 21 Rice 99 2 3 113 .. .. 26 Paddy 25 .. 2 124 2 5 Wheat C. 21 .. .. .. 12 15 6 Sago 8 .. 2 .. 10 17 2 .. Arrack 1398 Gallons 262 2 6 Europe and India Goods amountg. to £ 14678 11 .. St. Helena 30 September 1775 (Signed) Danl. Corneille Counted and Examined the Honble. Companys Cash for the Month of September last, which is as follows Viz.	The inventory closed from the total of £13,319 10s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £13,319 10s 5d Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 254 cwt 1 qr 1 lb, £280 9s 7d Sugar candy, 106 cwt 2 qr 3 lb, and fine sugar candy, 95 cwt 0 qr 15 lb, £485 18s 7d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £766 8s 2d Candles, 17 cwt 1 qr 6 lb, £176 10s 0d Rice and paddy Rice, 210 cwt 3 qr 21 lb, £99 2s 3d Paddy, 113 cwt 0 qr 26 lb, £25 0s 2d Total for rice and paddy, £124 2s 5d Wheat, 21 cwt 0 qr 0 lb, £12 15s 6d Sago, 8 cwt 2 qr 10 lb, £17 2s 0d Arrack, 1,398 gallons, £262 2s 6d Total for goods from Europe, India and China, £14,678 11s 0d Daniel Corneille signed the inventory at St Helena on 30 September 1775. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for September 1775. Interpretations The stores were valued at £14,678 11s 0d, slightly more than the £14,354 7s 0½d held in the treasury chest at the end of August 1775. The Company's wealth on the island was thus split almost evenly between coin and goods. Most of the goods were food and clothing laid in as a reserve, with salt meat alone worth more than £6,400 0s 0d. They were the means of feeding and clothing the garrison, the officials and the slaves for a year or more without fresh supplies. The stores still held more than 200 cwt of sugar candy, including 95 cwt of the fine grade. That was the costly first grade the Council had asked Canton on 12 April 1775 to stop sending. It would take years to sell at the island's rate of use, which explains why the Council had pressed so firmly to change the order.
346	339	1775 Cash Dr. 1775 Septr. 1 To Balance remaining £ 14354 7 .. ½ 18 To Exchange for a Set of Bills Drawn upon the Honble. Court of Directors payable to Captn. Hendk. Mulder 500 .. .. 30th To Jonathan Doveton received of him for Stores Sold in the Quarter Ending this Day 2044 18 8 .. To Plantation for Provisions Sold 22 6 2 .. To Licences 11 10 .. .. To Customs received on 10009 Gallons Arrack 125 2 3 .. To Rents 628 17 5 .. To Fortifications for Lime Sold 16 5 3 .. To Naval Stores for 33 lb. Powder Sold 1 13 .. .. To Purbeck Stone for 5½ Feet Sold .. 10 1 £ 17705 9 10½ Per Contra Cr. 1775 Septr. 30th By Sundry's Accounts Advanced the Paymaster to pay Salary's &c. in the Quarter Ending this Day 4868 10 10 In Specie 12297 4 ½ In Cash Notes 539 15 .. 12836 19 .. ½ £ 17705 9 10½ John Skottowe Dan. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham Margin Notes: [...]	The Company's cash account for September 1775 set the money received against the payment to the paymaster and the balance left. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the account. Cash, debit 1 September 1775, balance remaining, £14,354 7s 0½d 18 September 1775, exchange for a set of bills on the Court of Directors payable to Captain Hendrick Mulder, £500 0s 0d 30 September 1775, Jonathan Doveton, for stores sold in the quarter ending that day, £2,044 18s 8d 30 September 1775, the plantation, for provisions sold, £22 6s 2d 30 September 1775, licences, £11 10s 0d 30 September 1775, customs duty on 10,009 gallons of arrack, £125 2s 3d 30 September 1775, rents, £623 17s 5d 30 September 1775, the fortifications, for lime sold, £16 5s 3d 30 September 1775, the naval stores, for 33 lb of gunpowder sold, £1 13s 0d 30 September 1775, Purbeck stone, for 5½ feet sold, £0 10s 1d Total, £17,705 9s 10½d Cash, credit 30 September 1775, advanced to the paymaster for salaries and other payments in the quarter ending that day, £4,868 10s 10d 30 September 1775, balance remaining in coin, £12,297 4s 0½d 30 September 1775, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £12,836 19s 0½d Total, £17,705 9s 10½d Interpretations Customs on arrack brought in £125 2s 3d this quarter, on more than 10,000 gallons, against £10 1s 6d in the second quarter. The figure covered the arrack landed through the year and declared at the quarter's end, when the spirit trade was brought under the society's control in July 1775. With every gallon now passing through the society's cellar, the Council could tax the whole supply, not just what private traders chose to report. The gunpowder sold for £1 13s 0d was the 25 lb sold to William Wrangham in September 1775, with a few pounds more, paid into the treasury at 1s a pound. Purbeck stone was a hard limestone from Dorset, shipped out in small quantities for hearths, steps and paving that the island's soft tuff could not supply. Rents of £623 17s 5d, collected on 30 September 1775, came in on the last day of the quarter, so the balance in the chest stood at £12,836 19s 0½d even after the garrison was paid.
347	340	20 October At a Consultation held on Friday the 20th Day of October 1775 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham 3d Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 16 October 1775. Bought on account of the Honble. Company of Captain William Tryon four hundred and ninety eight Pcs. Beef at two Shillings per Piece and a Jolly Boat, as per the following Bill amounting to fifty six pounds, sixteen Shillings, for the payment whereof We have given him Certificates. The Honble. East India Company Dr. to Ship Anson To 498 Pieces Beef at 2/ each £ 49 16 .. to a Jolly Boat 7 .. .. £ 56 16 .. St. Helena 20 Octr. 1775 E. E. (Signed) Wm. Tryon Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ship Anson to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters, but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Friday 20 October 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 16 October 1775. The Council bought 498 pieces of beef at 2s a piece and a jolly boat from Captain William Tryon of the Anson for the Company. The bill came to £56 16s 0d, and the Council paid it with certificates. The Honourable East India Company, debtor to the ship Anson Beef, 498 pieces at 2s a piece, £49 16s 0d Jolly boat, 1, £7 0s 0d Total, £56 16s 0d William Tryon signed at St Helena on 20 October 1775, subject to correction of any errors. William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the Anson to muster her crew and to search for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll followed. Interpretations The Anson, homeward bound from Bengal, sold her surplus salt beef at the island's standard rate of 2s a piece. The stores already held more than 400 casks of beef, so the Council was not buying from need. Fresh beef from a ship at the start of her homeward voyage was probably better than the poorly salted Hampshire casks, and buying it let the storekeeper issue the older stock first. A jolly boat was a small ship's boat used for light work in harbour, and it added to the Company's craft for landing goods in James Bay.
348	341	1775 Muster Roll of Ship Anson Wm. Tryon Commander Jas. Rattray 1st Mate Fras. Hall 2d do. Bernard Stead 3d do. Thos. Monroe 4 do. W. Ragstaff 5 do. Alexd. Carnegy Surgeon Patrick Rigbie Purser Alexd. Mitchels Midshipman Richd. Price do. Thos. Oxton do. Jno. Spence Gunner Thos. Bolton Carpenter Jno. Henley 2d Master Martin Cronie do. John Craige do. James Powell do. John Walker do. Geo. Bignett do. Matthw. Perry Captn. Steward Alexr. Low Ships do. Jon. Scott Caulker Richd. Parsons Armourer Jon. McDonald Cooper Wm. Howell Sailmaker Wm. Marshall Carpr. 1st Mate Jno. Elliot do. 2 do. John Brown Gunners do. John Leech Boatn. 1st do. Wm. Parker do. 2 do. Geo. Petrie Coopers do. John Weston Caulkers do. Martin Oliver Captn. Cook Thos. Brownsworth Ships do. Capt. Patton & Family Capt. Brooke & do. Mrs. Mapletoft Mr. and Mrs. Tryon Fredk. Stevens Butcher Chs. Shepley Poulterer Jno. Novel Seaman Chs. Richmond Willm. Dawson Walter Welch Mayd. Crowmarter Wm. Brimstone Robt. Friend Richd. Devois John Hoffman Richd. Brookes Jo. Fernandes Jno. Moore Jno. Miles Robt. Ellis John Anderson James Willson Willm. Cowan John Lyon Thos. Davies Peter Amillard John Cato Willm. Price John Brocking Thos. Morgan John Reeves Robt. Lyod Jos. Silvera Josh. Franco Anthy. Fleming John Heath Danl. Wrath Josh. Dorrard Passengers Mrs. Wallett and Child Mrs. Garry and 2 Children Mr. Goodwin Mr. Lowder Robt. Reynolds Seaman John Brown James Chace Joseph Penaway Chs. Packman Geo. Sinclair John Willoughby Geo. Willson James Richardson Dan. Campbell Wm. Mascall James Knight James Day James Wells Thos. Dawson Derrick Hendrick James Hodgson Peter Goodall Geo. Flatt John Allum John Legg John Pope John Conway Patrick Joseph Jo. Fredk. Weller Joseph Lately W. Smith John Thompson John Yrick John Ever John Simpson James Sidney Caesar L. Pattinson Mrs. Thomson & 2 Children Nine Servants Signed Wm. Tryon [...]	The muster roll of the Anson was signed by her commander, William Tryon. Muster roll of the ship Anson William Tryon, commander James Rattray, first mate Francis Hall, second mate Bernard Stead, third mate Thomas Monroe, fourth mate William Ragstaff, fifth mate Alexander Carnegy, surgeon Patrick Rigbie, purser Alexander Mitchell, midshipman Richard Price, midshipman Thomas Orton, midshipman James Spence, gunner Thomas Bolton, carpenter James Henley, second mate's mate Martin Cronie, second mate's mate John Craige, second mate's mate James Powell, second mate's mate John Walker, second mate's mate George Bignett, second mate's mate Nathaniel Perry, captain's steward Alexander Low, ship's steward James Scott, caulker Richard Parsons, armourer Benjamin McDonald, cooper William Howell, sailmaker William Marshall, carpenter's first mate James Elliot, carpenter's second mate John Brown, gunner's mate John Leech, boatswain's first mate William Parker, boatswain's second mate George Petrie, cooper's mate John Weston, caulker's mate Martin Oliva, captain's cook Thomas Brownsworth, ship's cook Frederick Stevens, butcher Charles Shepley, poulterer James Novel, seaman Charles Richmond, seaman William Dawson, seaman Walter Welch, seaman Mayo Croomarlie, seaman William Bromstone, seaman Robert Friend, seaman Richard Bevins, seaman John Hoffman, seaman Richard Brookes, seaman John Fernando, seaman James Moore, seaman James Miles, seaman Robert Ellis, seaman John Anderson, seaman James Willson, seaman William Cowan, seaman John Lyon, seaman Thomas Davies, seaman Peter Arnelland, seaman John Cato, seaman William Price, seaman John Brocking, seaman Thomas Morgan, seaman John Reeves, seaman Robert Syed, seaman Lorenzo Selorea, seaman Joseph Franco, seaman Arthur Fleming, seaman John Heath, seaman Daniel Weathe, seaman Joseph Donard, seaman Robert Reynolds, seaman John Brown, seaman James Chace, seaman Joseph Panaway, seaman Charles Packman, seaman George Sinclair, seaman John Willoughby, seaman George Wilton, seaman James Richardson, seaman Daniel Campbell, seaman William Mascall, seaman James Knight, seaman James Day, seaman James Wells, seaman Thomas Dawson, seaman Derrick Hendrick, seaman James Hodgson, seaman Peter Goodall, seaman George Flatt, seaman John Allum, seaman John Legg, seaman John Pope, seaman John Conway, seaman Patrick Joseph, seaman John Frederick Miller, seaman Joseph Lately, seaman William Smith, seaman John Thompson, seaman John Yerick, seaman John Ewes, seaman John Simpson, seaman James Sidney, seaman Caesar, seaman Passengers Captain Patton and family Captain Brooke and family Mrs Mapletoft Mr and Mrs Tryon Mrs Waltell and child Mrs Garry and 2 children Mr Goodwin Mr Lowder Lieutenant Pattinson Mrs Thomson and 2 children Nine servants Interpretations Several of the Anson's seamen bore names that pointed to the Indian Ocean and the Portuguese world: John Fernando, Lorenzo Selorea, Joseph Franco and Patrick Joseph. The single-named Caesar was probably an African or Indian sailor taken on in the East. East Indiamen lost so many men to disease on the outward voyage that they made up their crews in Indian ports with whatever sailors they could find, including Portuguese-speaking Christians from Goa and the Coromandel coast. The homeward crew of an Indiaman was therefore far more mixed than the one that had sailed from England. The commander's wife, Mrs Tryon, travelled with him, as Mrs Arthur had on the Sea Horse. Several officers' families sailed together, with nine servants among them.
349	342	20 October We this Day granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors Viz. One Set to Mr. Matthew Bazett for four hundred and twenty two Pounds, three shillings, and five pence, payable to Mr. James Farquharson (or Order) Two Sets to Mr. William Wrangham One Set for five hundred and five pounds, fifteen Shillings, payable to Matthew Purling Esqr. (or Order) And One Set for seven hundred and forty six pounds, seven shillings and five pence, payable to Captain Gabriel Steward (or Order) One Set to Captain James Tippet for one hundred pounds payable to Mr. Willm. Farrington (or Order) One Set to Mr. Jonathan Doveton for two hundred and thirty three pounds, ten shillings, payable to Mr. Richard Lechyer (or Order) One Set to Mr. Thomas Strood for one hundred and thirty three pounds, payable to Mr. Charles Thomas Coggan (or Order) And One Set to the Reverend Mr. Roberts Carr for eighty three pounds, payable to Captain Robert Carr (or Order) All drawn at Ninety Days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council granted the following sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, all payable at 90 days' sight. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Bills of exchange granted, 20 October 1775 Matthew Bazett, payable to James Farquharson or his order, £422 3s 5d William Wrangham, payable to Matthew Purling or his order, £505 15s 0d William Wrangham, payable to Captain Gabriel Stewart or his order, £746 7s 5d Captain James Tippet, payable to William Farrington or his order, £100 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, payable to Richard Lockyer or his order, £233 10s 0d Thomas Stroud, payable to Charles Thomas Coggan or his order, £133 0s 0d The Reverend Robartes Carr, payable to Captain Robert Carr or his order, £83 0s 0d Interpretations William Wrangham remitted £1,252 2s 5d in two bills on a single day. Added to his bills of June, July and earlier in October 1775, he had sent home more than £2,700 0s 0d in five months. That was about ten years of his combined pay from all his posts on the island. His income came largely from what the year's records show piece by piece: the sheep he sold the Company, the island's largest rent roll, and his dealings as trustee for the Alcock heirs. The bills sent the proceeds to London, where Matthew Purling managed his affairs. Jonathan Doveton's bill was payable to Richard Lockyer, the purser of the Ceres, who had sailed for England in April 1775. Doveton was probably paying for goods bought from Lockyer's private trade that season, settling the debt through the Company's bills once he had the money in hand.
350	343	23 October At a Consultation held on Monday the 23d Day of October 1775 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham 3d Council The last Consultation was read approved and Signed, dated the 20th October 1775. Saturday the 21st Sailed the Honble. Companys Ship Anson for England. Yesterday passed by two Ships at a great distance. This Day Died Benjamin Pledger, Inhabitant. The Storekeeper this Day brought in his Account of Waste upon Store Goods for the Year ending the 30th September last, he declaring the same to be real and unavoidable, We Ordered it to be entered which is as follows Viz. Profit and Loss Dr. £ 113 11 8 Lost by Leakage, Wastage, short Weight and Measure, Drawing by the Gallon, and Weighing by the pound &c. in the Year ending 30th September 1775. Earthen Ware 2 Milk Pans .. 9 8 Glass Ware Viz. 2 Tumblers .. 1 2 1 Pint Decanter .. 1 8 11 Wine Glasses .. 4 11 .. 7 9 Leather .. 7 lb. 2 12 8 Oil 5 Gallons Turpentine 1 14 7 Paint 6½ White Copperas .. 6 9 Pease 1 Bushel .. 8 1 Sope C. .. 2 .. 10 8 12 5 Coffee .. 19 .. 15 10 Pepper .. 19 .. 9 6 China Ware Viz. 2 Soup Dishes .. 11 10 5 Octagon Meat do. .. 10 5 1 Guglet and Bason .. 2 9 4 Chamber Pots .. 6 .. 5 Bowls .. 3 8 9 Half Pint Cups & Saucers .. 4 7 1 19 3 Carried Over £ 17 9 6	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 23 October 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 20 October 1775. The Company's ship Anson sailed for England on Saturday 21 October 1775. Two ships passed the island at a great distance on Sunday 22 October 1775. Benjamin Pledger, an inhabitant, died on the day of the meeting. The storekeeper presented his account of waste on the stores for the year ending 30 September 1775. He declared the losses to be genuine and unavoidable, and the Council ordered the account to be entered in the minutes. The losses, charged to profit and loss at cost, came to £113 11s 8d in all. They arose from leakage, wastage, short weight and measure, and the loss in drawing goods off by the gallon and weighing them out by the pound. Profit and loss, waste on stores for the year ending 30 September 1775 Earthenware, milk pans, 2, £0 2s 8d Glassware Tumblers, 2, £0 1s 2d Pint decanter, 1, £0 1s 8d Wine glasses, 11, £0 4s 11d Total for glassware, £0 7s 9d Leather, [...], £2 12s 8d Turpentine, 5 gallons, £1 14s 7d White copperas, 6½ lb, £0 6s 9d Pease, 1 bushel, £0 8s 1d Soap, 3 cwt 0 qr 10 lb, £8 12s 5d Coffee, 19 lb, £0 15s 10d Pepper, 19 lb, £0 9s 6d China Soup dishes, 2, £0 11s 10d Octagonal meat dishes, 5, £0 10s 5d Guglet and basin, 1 set, £0 2s 9d Chamber pots, 4, £0 6s 0d Bowls, 5, £0 3s 8d Half-pint cups and saucers, 9, £0 4s 7½d Total for china, £1 19s 3d Carried forward, £17 9s 6d Interpretations The account of waste reconciled the storekeeper's books with Corneille's stocktaking. Goods sold by the pound or the gallon always came out a little short, because each sale was rounded and each draught spilled a drop. Soap dried and lost weight, spices and coffee shrank, and glass and china broke in handling. Doveton declared the losses unavoidable, and the Council's acceptance released him from paying for them. Without that formal approval, every shortfall between the books and the shelves could have been charged to him personally.
351	344	23 October Brought Over £ 17 9 6 Sugar & Candy Viz. 15 .. 3 .. 5 Sugar 17 2 11 15 .. 2 .. 22 Candy 33 11 2 50 14 1 Rice & Paddy Viz. 9 .. .. 12 Rice 3 19 2 4 .. 2 .. 11 Paddy 2 12 2 6 11 4 Wheat C. 2 .. 1 .. 23 1 9 11 Sago .. 1 .. 6 .. 12 9 Arrack 137 Gallons 25 13 9 Cordage 3 5 3 6 Starch 8 lb. .. 4 6 Salt 2 Bushels .. 6 8 Candles C. .. 2 5 5 8 113 11 8 St. Helena 30th September 1775 Errors Excepted (Signed) Jon. Doveton S. Keeper Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that the Honorable Companys General Books of Accounts are balanced to the 30th September last. We Ordered them to be Copied as fast as possible. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The account of waste closed from the total of £17 9s 6d brought forward. Brought forward, £17 9s 6d Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 15 cwt 2 qr 5 lb, £17 2s 11d Sugar candy, 15 cwt 2 qr 22 lb, £33 11s 2d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £50 14s 1d Rice and paddy Rice, 9 cwt 0 qr 12 lb, £3 19s 2d Paddy, 11 cwt 2 qr 11 lb, £2 12s 2d Total for rice and paddy, £6 11s 4d Wheat, 2 cwt 1 qr 23 lb, £1 9s 11d Sago, 0 cwt 1 qr 6 lb, £0 12s 9d Arrack, 137 gallons, £25 13s 9d Cordage, 0 cwt 3 qr 0 lb, £5 3s 6d Starch, 8 lb, £0 4s 6d Salt, 2 bushels, £0 6s 8d Candles, 0 cwt 3 qr 2 lb, £5 5s 8d Total waste, £113 11s 8d Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 30 September 1775, subject to correction of any errors. Matthew Bazett reported that the Company's general books of account had been balanced to 30 September 1775. The Council ordered them to be copied as fast as possible. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations Sugar and sugar candy made up nearly half the year's waste, at £50 14s 1d. Sugar drained molasses and lost weight in the warm, damp storerooms, and the candy, sold by the pound from large chests, crumbled into dust that could not be weighed out again. The loss was worst on the costly fine grade, which the stores still held in quantity because it sold so slowly. Arrack lost 137 gallons through leakage and evaporation from casks, the second largest item. The general books were copied so that one set could go to the Court of Directors with the next ship while the other stayed on the island. The year's accounts, approved quarter by quarter, now closed with the stocktaking and the waste account. The Court in London could then check every receipt, issue and loss on St Helena against its own records of what it had shipped there.
352	345	[Upper edge of the page cut off in the image, through the running head.] At a Consultation held on Monday the 30th Day of October 1775 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham 3d Council The last Consultation was read, approved and Signed, dated 23d October 1775. This Day Arrived the Eagle Packet from Fort Marlborough. This Day there was a General Field Day on the Parade of the Officers, Non Commissioned Officers and and Private Men of this Garrison. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 30 October 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 23 October 1775. The Eagle packet arrived from Fort Marlborough that day. A general field day for the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of the garrison was also held on the parade. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The Eagle packet was the same vessel that had carried the Council's letter to Canton in May 1774. Packets were small, fast ships that the Company used to carry letters and dispatches between its settlements, faster than the large Indiamen burdened with cargo. Her arrival from Fort Marlborough probably brought replies to the letters the Council had sent by the Osterley and the Hampshire earlier in the year. They may also have reported the purchase of wheat and flour at the Cape that Captain Fortescue had been ordered to make for Bencoolen and Balambangan.
353	346	6th November At a Consultation held on Monday the 6th Day of November 1775 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Dan. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Governor absent being Indisposed Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham 3d Council The last Consultation was read, approved and Signed, dated the 30th October 1775. Tuesday 31st of October Died Joseph Jones Private. Friday the 3d November Sailed the Eagle Packet for England. This Day Died James, Son of Lieutt. Charles Ross Steward. Hugh Jones the Constable being Committed to Goal upon a Charge of Assault and Battery, and thereby rendered incapable of serving. We this Day swore Richard Harper into that Office for the time being. Ordered the following Advertisement to be published. Viz. Island St. Helena 6th November 1775 Whereas there is great reason to suspect that some evil minded People have intentions to Coin Rupees and other Money of Base Metal to the great detriment of the	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 6 November 1775. Governor Skottowe, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille was absent through illness. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 30 October 1775. Joseph Jones, a private, died on Tuesday 31 October 1775. The Eagle packet sailed for England on Friday 3 November 1775. James, the son of Lieutenant Charles Ross Stewart, died on the day of the meeting. Hugh Jones, the constable, had been committed to gaol on a charge of assault and battery, which left him unable to serve. The Council therefore swore in Richard Harper as constable for the time being. The Council ordered a notice to be published, dated 6 November 1775. There was strong reason to suspect that some ill-disposed people meant to coin rupees and other money from base metal, to the great harm of [continues]. Interpretations The man sworn in April 1775 to keep the peace now sat in gaol accused of violence himself. Hugh Jones was also the Company's superintendent of the slaves, a post that put him in daily charge of the labour force and its discipline. A constable could not arrest or summon his neighbours while facing a criminal charge. Appointing Richard Harper only for the time being left Jones's office open in case he was acquitted at the quarterly court. The notice against false coin showed how much the island depended on foreign money. Rupees, Spanish dollars and other coins from the East and the Americas passed freely on St Helena alongside the Company's copper halfpence and cash notes. Base metal coins plated or alloyed to pass as silver could do serious harm in so small a market, where traders could not easily test each piece.
354	347	1775 the Publick; Therefore to put a stop to so pernicious and Iniquitous a scheme. This is to give Notice, that if any one will discover the Person or Persons concerned in the above affair, shall receive a reward of five pounds, and if an accomplice be pardoned and paid the same reward. Per Order of Council (Signed) R. Wright Secy. John Skottowe M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The notice went on to say that coining base money would do great harm to the public. To stop so damaging and dishonest a scheme, the Council offered a reward of £5 0s 0d to anyone who revealed the person or persons involved. Any accomplice who came forward would be pardoned and paid the same reward. Britannicus Wright signed the notice as secretary by order of the Council, and Governor Skottowe, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The Council offered a pardon as well as the reward to any accomplice who informed. That was the more effective course, since false coining needed several hands: someone to cast or plate the metal, and others to pass the coins in the shops and the road. On so small an island, a confederate was the person most likely to know the culprits, and the pardon broke the bond of shared guilt that kept him silent. The same reward for an accomplice as for an innocent informer made betrayal pay, which was the quickest way to break up such a scheme before much base money reached circulation.
355	348	13th November At a Consultation held on Monday the 13th Day of November 1775 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham 3d Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated the 6th November 1775. This Day Died Thomas Hinching Private. The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of October last, were this day laid before Us, which were Examined, approved, and are as follows Viz. Artillery Stores expended in October 1775 Guns Fired, 32 lbs., 24 lbs., 18 lbs., 12 lbs., 9 lbs., 6 lbs., 4 lbs., 3 lbs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz 1st An Alarm: Guns Fired 6, 32 lbs. 0, 24 lbs. 0, 18 lbs. 0, 12 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Anson: Guns Fired 9, 32 lbs. 0, 24 lbs. 0, 18 lbs. 0, 12 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 21st Departed do.: Guns Fired 9, 32 lbs. 0, 24 lbs. 0, 18 lbs. 0, 12 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 22d A Double Alarm for 2 Ships passing by: Guns Fired 9, 32 lbs. 0, 24 lbs. 0, 18 lbs. 0, 12 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 6, 3 lbs. 3, Powder Expended lb 21, Powder Expended oz 0 25 Fired to Celebrate his Majesty's Accession: Guns Fired 70, 32 lbs. 8, 24 lbs. 14, 18 lbs. 10, 12 lbs. 4, 9 lbs. 17, 6 lbs. 17, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 359, Powder Expended oz 4 30th An Alarm: Guns Fired 6, 32 lbs. 0, 24 lbs. 0, 18 lbs. 0, 12 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Eagle: Guns Fired 9, 32 lbs. 0, 24 lbs. 0, 18 lbs. 0, 12 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Powder for the Stone Blowers: Guns Fired 0, 32 lbs. 0, 24 lbs. 0, 18 lbs. 0, 12 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 80, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for a Field Day: Guns Fired 0, 32 lbs. 0, 24 lbs. 0, 18 lbs. 0, 12 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 150, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for Practice at Outposts: Guns Fired 0, 32 lbs. 0, 24 lbs. 0, 18 lbs. 0, 12 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 264, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for Sundry Services: Guns Fired 0, 32 lbs. 0, 24 lbs. 0, 18 lbs. 0, 12 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 37, Powder Expended oz 9 do. Sold to Mr. Wrangham: Guns Fired 0, 32 lbs. 0, 24 lbs. 0, 18 lbs. 0, 12 lbs. 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 6, Powder Expended oz 0 Total: Guns Fired 118, 32 lbs. 8, 24 lbs. 14, 18 lbs. 10, 12 lbs. 4, 9 lbs. 29, 6 lbs. 32, 4 lbs. 14, 3 lbs. 7, Powder Expended lb 977, Powder Expended oz 5 Lead Ball lb. oz. 8 .. 13 Tallow 12 Match 7 Sheepskins for Spunges 1 Trunk Nails 50 Bees Wax 1 lb. Cartridge Paper 13 Quires (Signed) Jas. Tippet Captn. of Artillery	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 13 November 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 6 November 1775. Thomas Hutching, a private, died on the day of the meeting. The Council examined and approved the artillery stores accounts and the steward's accounts for October 1775. James Tippet signed the artillery account as captain of artillery. Artillery stores used in October 1775 9 October, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 9 October, arrival of the Anson, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 21 October, departure of the Anson, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 22 October, a double alarm for 2 ships passing, 9 guns fired: 6 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, powder 21 lb 0 oz 25 October, guns fired to celebrate His Majesty's accession, 70 guns fired: 8 thirty-two-pounders, 14 twenty-four-pounders, 10 eighteen-pounders, 4 twelve-pounders, 17 nine-pounders, 17 six-pounders, powder 359 lb 4 oz 30 October, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 30 October, arrival of the Eagle, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz Powder for the stone blasters, 80 lb 0 oz General field day, powder 150 lb 0 oz Practice at Rupert's, powder 264 lb 0 oz Various duties, powder 27 lb 9 oz Sold to William Wrangham, powder 6 lb 0 oz Total, 118 guns fired: 8 thirty-two-pounders, 14 twenty-four-pounders, 10 eighteen-pounders, 4 twelve-pounders, 29 nine-pounders, 32 six-pounders, 14 four-pounders, 7 three-pounders, powder 977 lb 3 oz Other stores used Lead ball, 8 lb 13 oz Tallow, 12 lb Match, 7 lb Sheepskins for sponges, 1 Trunk nails, 50 Beeswax, 1 lb Cartridge paper, 13 quires Interpretations On 25 October 1775 the garrison fired 70 guns to mark the anniversary of King George III's accession in 1760. It was the only time in the year that the heaviest guns, the 32-, 24- and 18-pounders guarding James Bay, were fired, and it used 359 lb of powder in a single salute. The Company's island was not a royal colony, but the garrison marked the King's day with the largest salute of the year, which showed the Crown's authority over the Company's possessions. William Wrangham bought another 6 lb of the Company's powder, after the 25 lb sold to him in September 1775.
356	349	1775 Sundry's Expended at the Honorable Company's Table in October 1775 39 Bottles Madeira £ 2 8 9 34 do. Port 2 13 10 31 do. Lisbon 2 9 1 11 do. Mountain .. 17 5 66 do. Beer 1 2 .. 17¼ Gallons Arrack 2 11 9 169 lb. Beef 2 2 3 215 Mutton 4 9 7 12 Fowls .. 18 .. 6 Ducks .. 9 .. 2 Geese .. 10 .. 96 lb. Candy 2 8 .. 552 lb. Flour 5 3 6 2 Lambs .. 10 .. 1 Kid .. 5 .. 1 Goat .. 10 .. 29 8 2 Bought for the Table 122 lb. Beef at 6d. 3 1 .. 13 lb. do. at 3½ .. 3 9½ 3 Turkeys 2 .. .. 33 Fowls 2 9 6 10 Ducks .. 15 .. 4 Pigs 1 .. .. £ 9 9 3½ John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The stores used at the Company's table in October 1775 were recorded as follows. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the account. Stores used at the Company's table, October 1775 Madeira wine, 39 bottles, £2 8s 9d Port wine, 34 bottles, £2 13s 10d Lisbon wine, 31 bottles, £2 9s 1d Mountain wine, 11 bottles, £0 17s 5d Beer, 66 bottles, £1 2s 0d Arrack, 17¼ gallons, £2 11s 9d Beef, 169 lb, £2 2s 3d Mutton, 215 lb, £4 9s 7d Fowls, 12, £0 18s 0d Ducks, 6, £0 9s 0d Geese, 2, £0 10s 0d Sugar candy, 96 lb, £2 8s 0d Flour, 552 lb, £5 3s 6d Lambs, 2, £0 10s 0d Kid, 1, £0 5s 0d Goat, 1, £0 10s 0d Total from the stores, £29 8s 2d Bought for the table Beef, 122 lb at 6d a lb, £3 1s 0d Beef, 13 lb at 3½d a lb, £0 3s 9½d Turkeys, 8, £2 0s 0d Fowls, 33, £2 9s 6d Ducks, 10, £0 15s 0d Pigs, 4, £1 0s 0d Total bought for the table, £9 9s 3½d Interpretations The Castle table cost nearly £39 0s 0d in October 1775, up from about £29 0s 0d in August. The Anson arrived on 9 October and stayed twelve days, and the Governor entertained her commander, his wife and the officers' families sailing home with them. The sharp rise in wine, fowls and turkeys shows the table returning to its busy footing as the new shipping season began.
357	350	20th November At a Consultation held on Monday the 20th Day of November 1775 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham 3d Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 13th November 1775. Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of October last, which is as follows Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 20 November 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 13 November 1775. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for October 1775.
358	351	1775 Cash Dr. 1775 Octr. 1 To Balance remaining £ 12836 19 .. ½ 20th To Exchange for seven Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable as follow Viz. One Set to Mattw. Purling Esqr. £ 505 .. 15 .. do. do. to Captn. Gabl. Steward 746 .. 7 .. 5 do. do. to Mr. James Farquharson 422 .. 3 .. 5 do. do. to Mr. Richard Lockyer 233 .. 10 .. do. do. to Captn. Chs. Thos. Coggin 133 .. .. do. do. to Mr. Willm. Farrington 100 .. do. do. to Capt. Robert Carr 83 .. £ 2223 15 10 To Ship Anson 19 5 6 £ 15080 .. 4½ Per Contra Cr. 1775 Octr. 31 By Balance remaining Viz. In Specie £ 14540 5 4½ In Cash Notes 539 15 .. 15080 .. 4½ £ 15080 .. 4½ John Skottowe Dan. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham Margin Notes: [...] [...]	The Company's cash account for October 1775 recorded the money received and the balance at the end of the month. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the account. Cash, debit 1 October 1775, balance remaining, £12,836 19s 0½d 20 October 1775, exchange for seven sets of bills on the Court of Directors Set payable to Matthew Purling, £505 15s 0d Set payable to Captain Gabriel Stewart, £746 7s 5d Set payable to James Farquharson, £422 3s 5d Set payable to Richard Lockyer, £233 10s 0d Set payable to Captain Charles Thomas Coggan, £133 0s 0d Set payable to William Farrington, £100 0s 0d Set payable to Captain Robert Carr, £83 0s 0d Total for the seven sets, £2,223 15s 10d Ship Anson, £19 5s 6d Total, £15,080 0s 4½d Cash, credit 31 October 1775, balance remaining in coin, £14,540 5s 4½d 31 October 1775, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £15,080 0s 4½d Total, £15,080 0s 4½d Interpretations The chest stood at £15,080 0s 4½d at the end of October 1775, the highest balance of the year. The arrival of a single homeward ship, the Anson, gave the officials the chance to send home more than £2,200 0s 0d in bills on one day. Nearly £1,700 0s 0d of it belonged to the Council's own members, Bazett and Wrangham. Every bill sold put silver into the chest at once and left the Court of Directors to pay it in London months later. The island's treasury thus grew richer in coin precisely because its senior officials were sending their private fortunes home.
359	352	27 November At a Consultation held on Monday the 27th Day of November 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 20th November 1775. This Day there was a General Field Day upon the Parade of the Officers, Non Commissioned Officers, and Private Men of this Garrison. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 27 November 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 20 November 1775. A general field day for the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of the garrison was held on the parade that day. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry.
360	353	4th December At a Consultation held on Monday the 4th Day of December 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 27 November 1775. No Business Offering We Adjourned John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 4 December 1775, with Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 27 November 1775. No other business came before the Council, so it adjourned. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry.
361	354	11th December At a Consultation held on Monday the 11th Day of December 1775 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 4th December 1775. The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of November last were this day laid before Us, which were Examined, approved of and are as follow Viz. Artillery Stores Expended in Novr. 1775 Guns Fired, 9 lbs., 6 lbs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz 3d Departed the Eagle: Guns Fired 9, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Practice in Ruperts Valley: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 228, Powder Expended oz 0 For a General Field Day: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 150, Powder Expended oz 0 For Sundry Services: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 77, Powder Expended oz 3 Total: Guns Fired 9, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, Powder Expended lb 468, Powder Expended oz 11 Lead Ball lb. oz. 8 .. 5 Tallow 22 Isinglass .. .. 3 Match 1 Bees Wax 1 Camphire .. 4 Cartridge Paper Rm. Qrs. 1 .. 7 Gun Carriages 18 .. 2 Handspikes 1 Vinegar ½ Gallon (Signed) James Tippet Captn. of Artillery	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 11 December 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 4 December 1775. The Council examined and approved the artillery stores accounts and the steward's accounts for November 1775. James Tippet signed the artillery account as captain of artillery. Artillery stores used in November 1775 3 November, departure of the Eagle, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz Practice at Rupert's Valley, powder 228 lb 0 oz General field day, powder 150 lb 0 oz Various duties, powder 77 lb 3 oz Total, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 468 lb 11 oz Other stores used Lead ball, 8 lb 5 oz Tallow, 22 lb Isinglass, 3 oz Match, 1 lb Beeswax, 1 lb Camphor, 4 oz Cartridge paper, 1 ream 7 quires Gun carriage for an eighteen-pounder, 2 Handspikes, 1 Vinegar, ½ gallon Interpretations The month brought no alarms and no arrivals, only the departure salute for the Eagle packet. The artillery's powder went almost entirely on practice at Rupert's Valley and the field day, the routine that had become regular since the range opened in April 1775. Camphor was mixed into gunners' fuse and priming compositions to make them burn evenly, and it kept moth and damp away from stored cartridges. The two new carriages for eighteen-pounders replaced rotted ones at the heavy batteries guarding James Bay.
362	355	1775 Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Companys Table in Novemr. 1775 33 Bottles Madeira £ 2 1 3 21 do. Port 1 13 3 28 do. Lisbon 2 4 4 10 do. Mountain .. 15 10 47 do. Beer .. 15 8 13½ Gallns. Arrack 2 5 9 22 lb. Beef .. 5 6 12 Fowls .. 18 .. 6 Ducks .. 9 .. 208 lb. Mutton 4 6 8 96 lb. Candy 2 8 .. 501 lb. Flour 4 16 7 1 Lamb .. 10 .. 23 9 10 Bought for the Table 170½ lb. Beef at 6d. 4 5 4½ 4½ do. at 3½ .. 1 4 7 Turkeys 1 15 .. 41 Fowls 3 1 6 3 Ducks .. 4 6 2 Geese .. 12 .. 7 Pigs 1 15 .. £ 11 12 8½ Ordered the following Advertisement to be published Viz. Island St. Helena This is to give Notice to all the Planters upon	The stores used at the Company's table in November 1775 were recorded as follows. Stores used at the Company's table, November 1775 Madeira wine, 33 bottles, £2 1s 3d Port wine, 21 bottles, £1 13s 3d Lisbon wine, 28 bottles, £2 4s 4d Mountain wine, 10 bottles, £0 15s 10d Beer, 47 bottles, £0 15s 8d Arrack, 15½ gallons, £2 5s 9d Beef, 22 lb, £0 5s 6d Fowls, 12, £0 18s 0d Ducks, 6, £0 9s 0d Mutton, 208 lb, £4 6s 8d Sugar candy, 96 lb, £2 8s 0d Flour, 501 lb, £4 16s 7d Lamb, 1, £0 10s 0d Total from the stores, £23 4s 10d Bought for the table Beef, 170½ lb at 6d a lb, £4 5s 4½d Beef, 4½ lb at 3½d a lb, £0 1s 4d Turkeys, 7, £1 15s 0d Fowls, 41, £3 1s 6d Ducks, 3, £0 4s 6d Geese, 2, £0 10s 0d Pigs, 7, £1 15s 0d Total bought for the table, £11 12s 8½d The Council ordered the following notice to be published. It informed all the planters on the island that [continues].
363	356	11 December upon the said Island that they are hereby required to send into the Secretary's Office on or before the 28 Instant an exact signed Account of their Number of Cattle, each of them have for Slaughter for the Year 1776 which they will be expected punctually to supply unless an Accident should happen to any of them, in that case they are to send a Return in writing within three Days after such Accident to the Secretary's Office aforesaid in neglect of which no excuse will be admitted but in failure thereof, the Owner obliged to furnish another Beast. Whereas the Liberty hitherto allowed for disposing of Bulls to the Ships has been made an abuse of, therefore for the future no Planter will be permitted to sell more than one or two Bulls during the Course of the Year, and the application for such Permission will be considered according to the circumstance of the Person applying for the same. Notice is hereby further given that they are likewise to transmit an Account on or before the time abovementioned of their Number of Horses and to distinguish them by their several Denominations also of their respective Stocks of Sheep and Goats, and what Sheep they intend for Sale. Notice is hereby likewise given that on Monday next in the afternoon will be sold at Publick Auction in this Valley Sundry damaged Goods belonging to the Honble. Company for ready Money. Per Order of Council (Signed) R. Wright Secy. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The notice required every planter to send the secretary's office an exact signed account of the cattle he had ready for slaughter in 1776, by the 28th of the month. Each planter was expected to supply that number without fail. If any of the beasts met with an accident, the owner was to send a written report to the secretary's office within three days. No excuse would be accepted for failing to report, and an owner who failed to do so would have to provide another beast. The Council had also found that planters were abusing the freedom they had been given to sell bulls to the ships. From then on, no planter would be allowed to sell more than one or two bulls in a year, and each request for permission would be judged on the applicant's circumstances. The planters were also to report, by the same date, the number of horses they kept, listed by kind, together with their stocks of sheep and goats and how many sheep they meant to sell. The notice added that some damaged goods belonging to the Company would be sold by public auction in the valley, for ready money, on the following Monday afternoon. Britannicus Wright signed the notice as secretary by order of the Council, and Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The Council was planning the island's meat supply a year ahead. By making each planter commit in writing to a number of cattle for slaughter in 1776, it could count on enough beef for the garrison, the Castle and the ships. The three-day rule for accidents stopped planters from selling a promised beast privately and then claiming it had died. The limit on bulls protected the island's breeding stock. Ships paid well for live cattle, and planters had been tempted to sell bulls for a quick profit. With too few bulls, the herds could not grow, and the island's future beef supply would fall. Capping sales at one or two bulls a year, with permission judged case by case, kept enough bulls on the island for breeding. The damaged goods sent to auction were probably the casks and stores written off in the stocktaking, sold for whatever they would fetch.
364	357	18th December At a Consultation held on Monday the 18th Day of December 1775 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and Signed dated the 11th of December 1775. Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of November last, which is as follows Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 18 December 1775. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 11 December 1775. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for November 1775.
365	358	18th December Cash Dr. 1775 Novr. 1st To Balance remaining £ 15080 .. 4½ £ 15080 .. 4½ Per Contra Cr. 1775 Novr. 30th By Balance remaining Viz. In Specie £ 14540 5 4½ In Cash Notes 539 15 .. 15080 .. 4½ £ 15080 .. 4½ John Skottowe Dan. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham Margin Notes: [...]	No money entered or left the Company's cash during November 1775, and the balance was carried through the month unchanged. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the account. Cash, debit 1 November 1775, balance remaining, £15,080 0s 4½d Total, £15,080 0s 4½d Cash, credit 30 November 1775, balance remaining in coin, £14,540 5s 4½d 30 November 1775, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £15,080 0s 4½d Total, £15,080 0s 4½d
366	359	1st January At a Consultation held on Monday the 1st Day of January 1776 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Mr. William Wrangham absent being indisposed Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 18th December 1775. Yesterday Died William Son of Mr. William Wrangham This Day Arrived the Northumberland's Boat at Banks's at Noon do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Northumberland from Bengal (last from the Cape) John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 1 January 1776. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille and Matthew Bazett were present. William Wrangham was absent through illness. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 18 December 1775. William, the son of William Wrangham, died on Sunday 31 December 1775. The boat of the Northumberland reached Banks's at noon on the day of the meeting, and the Company's ship Northumberland arrived the same day from Bengal, coming last from the Cape. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations Wrangham lost a son on the last day of 1775, and his absence through illness on New Year's Day may have been grief as much as sickness. It was the second child of a councillor to die that year, after his daughter Jane in April 1775. Lieutenant Charles Ross Stewart had lost his son James in November 1775. The deaths of officials' children recur through the year's minutes and show how heavily disease fell on the island's young. Wrangham signed the minutes although he was recorded as absent. The entries were signed when they were read and approved at the following meeting, so a member who missed a sitting still added his name to its record afterwards.
367	360	8th January At a Consultation held on Monday the 8th Day of January 1776 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 1st January 1776. John Ledham Matross this Day applied to Us for his discharge from the Garrison, having procured John Parker to serve the remainder of his Contracted time. Granted We this day Enlisted Thomas Stock a Discharged Soldier from Bengal, to serve the Honble. Company five Years as a Soldier here &c. and he appearing to be a good Man We gave him eight pounds to buy necessarys &c. The Plantation Account for the Quarter, and the Expence of Artillery Stores, and Stewards Accounts for the Month of December last were this day laid before Us. Which were Examined, approved of, and are as follows Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 8 January 1776. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 1 January 1776. John Leedham, a matross, asked to be discharged from the garrison. He had found John Parker to serve out the rest of his agreed term. The Council granted the request. The Council enlisted Thomas Stork, a soldier discharged from the Bengal army, to serve the Company on the island for five years. He appeared to be a good man, and the Council gave him £8 0s 0d to buy his necessaries. The Council then examined and approved the plantation account for the quarter, together with the artillery stores accounts and the steward's accounts for December 1775. Interpretations John Parker stood in as a substitute for the second time. In May 1775 he had taken on the last three months of Thomas Penrice's term so that Penrice could go home. He now did the same for John Leedham. A soldier who served out other men's time was probably paid privately by each of them, which made substitution a small trade of its own in the garrison. Thomas Stork received £8 0s 0d to enlist, more than twice the usual £3 0s 0d bounty. He was an experienced soldier from the Bengal army, already trained and hardened to service in hot climates. Such a man was worth far more to the garrison than a raw recruit from England, and the higher bounty reflected that value. It was the largest enlistment bounty the Council paid in the period, above even the £4 0s 0d given to the island-born William Seale.
368	361	1776 Account of the Honorable Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c. from 1st October to the 31st December 1775 Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Shoats, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Boars, Hogs Total, Horses Horses, Horses Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys, Poultry Geese Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 5, Neat Cattle Cows 104, Neat Cattle Calves 82, Neat Cattle Yearlings 40, Neat Cattle Heifers 24, Neat Cattle Steers 34, Neat Cattle Oxen 18, Neat Cattle Total 307, Sheep Ewes 287, Sheep Weathers 68, Sheep Lambs 66, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 431, Goats Ewes 68, Goats Weathers 17, Goats Kids 22, Goats Rams 7, Goats Total 114, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 19, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 26, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 9, Horses Total 15, Poultry Fowls 107, Poultry Ducks 43, Poultry Turkeys 48, Poultry Geese 21 Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 9, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 9, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 5, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 5, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 6, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 6, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 32, Poultry Ducks 32, Poultry Turkeys 24, Poultry Geese 5 Bought: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 0, Sheep Ewes 43, Sheep Weathers 8, Sheep Lambs 12, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 63, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 0, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 0, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 0, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Received: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 0, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 40, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 40, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 0, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 0, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 0, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 5, Neat Cattle Cows 104, Neat Cattle Calves 91, Neat Cattle Yearlings 40, Neat Cattle Heifers 24, Neat Cattle Steers 34, Neat Cattle Oxen 18, Neat Cattle Total 316, Sheep Ewes 330, Sheep Weathers 116, Sheep Lambs 83, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 539, Goats Ewes 68, Goats Weathers 17, Goats Kids 28, Goats Rams 7, Goats Total 120, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 19, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 26, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 9, Horses Total 15, Poultry Fowls 139, Poultry Ducks 75, Poultry Turkeys 72, Poultry Geese 26 Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 2, Neat Cattle Calves 1, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 2, Neat Cattle Steers 9, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 14, Sheep Ewes 11, Sheep Weathers 43, Sheep Lambs 6, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 60, Goats Ewes 3, Goats Weathers 11, Goats Kids 5, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 19, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 3, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 36, Poultry Ducks 12, Poultry Turkeys 6, Poultry Geese 2 Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 1, Neat Cattle Yearlings 1, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 2, Sheep Ewes 9, Sheep Weathers 8, Sheep Lambs 11, Sheep Rams 1, Sheep Total 29, Goats Ewes 3, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 6, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 9, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 11, Poultry Ducks 4, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 3 Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 5, Neat Cattle Cows 102, Neat Cattle Calves 89, Neat Cattle Yearlings 39, Neat Cattle Heifers 22, Neat Cattle Steers 25, Neat Cattle Oxen 18, Neat Cattle Total 300, Sheep Ewes 310, Sheep Weathers 65, Sheep Lambs 66, Sheep Rams 9, Sheep Total 450, Goats Ewes 62, Goats Weathers 6, Goats Kids 17, Goats Rams 7, Goats Total 92, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 16, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 23, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 9, Horses Total 15, Poultry Fowls 92, Poultry Ducks 59, Poultry Turkeys 59, Poultry Geese 21 Sent on Board of the Eagle 5 Head of Neat Cattle. Yams Expended for Slaves 47170 do. do. for Stock 19500 Total 66670 E. Excepted (Signed) Danl. Corneille	The account of the Company's livestock from 1 October to 31 December 1775 was recorded as follows. Daniel Corneille signed it, subject to correction of any errors. Company livestock, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Remaining at 1 October, neat cattle: 5 bulls, 104 cows, 82 calves, 40 yearlings, 24 heifers, 34 steers, 18 oxen, total 307 Remaining at 1 October, sheep: 287 ewes, 68 wethers, 66 lambs, 10 rams, total 431 Remaining at 1 October, goats: 68 ewes, 17 wethers, 22 kids, 7 rams, total 114 Remaining at 1 October, hogs: 5 sows, 19 shoats, 0 pigs, 2 boars, total 26 Remaining at 1 October, horses: 6 horses, 9 mares, total 15 Remaining at 1 October, poultry: 107 fowls, 43 ducks, 48 turkeys, 21 geese Increase by breeding, neat cattle: 9 calves, total 9 Increase by breeding, sheep: 5 lambs, total 5 Increase by breeding, goats: 6 kids, total 6 Increase by breeding, hogs: 0 Increase by breeding, horses: 0 Increase by breeding, poultry: 32 fowls, 32 ducks, 24 turkeys, 5 geese Bought, sheep: 43 ewes, 8 wethers, 12 lambs, total 63 Received, sheep: 40 wethers, total 40 Total, neat cattle: 5 bulls, 104 cows, 91 calves, 40 yearlings, 24 heifers, 34 steers, 18 oxen, total 316 Total, sheep: 330 ewes, 116 wethers, 83 lambs, 10 rams, total 539 Total, goats: 68 ewes, 17 wethers, 28 kids, 7 rams, total 120 Total, hogs: 5 sows, 19 shoats, 0 pigs, 2 boars, total 26 Total, horses: 6 horses, 9 mares, total 15 Total, poultry: 139 fowls, 75 ducks, 72 turkeys, 26 geese Killed, neat cattle: 2 cows, 1 calf, 2 heifers, 9 steers, total 14 Killed, sheep: 11 ewes, 43 wethers, 6 lambs, total 60 Killed, goats: 3 ewes, 11 wethers, 5 kids, total 19 Killed, hogs: 3 shoats, total 3 Killed, poultry: 36 fowls, 12 ducks, 6 turkeys, 2 geese Died, neat cattle: 1 calf, 1 yearling, total 2 Died, sheep: 9 ewes, 8 wethers, 11 lambs, 1 ram, total 29 Died, goats: 3 ewes, 6 kids, total 9 Died, hogs: 0 Died, poultry: 11 fowls, 4 ducks, 7 turkeys, 3 geese Remaining at 31 December, neat cattle: 5 bulls, 102 cows, 89 calves, 39 yearlings, 22 heifers, 25 steers, 18 oxen, total 300 Remaining at 31 December, sheep: 310 ewes, 65 wethers, 66 lambs, 9 rams, total 450 Remaining at 31 December, goats: 62 ewes, 6 wethers, 17 kids, 7 rams, total 92 Remaining at 31 December, hogs: 5 sows, 16 shoats, 0 pigs, 2 boars, total 23 Remaining at 31 December, horses: 6 horses, 9 mares, total 15 Remaining at 31 December, poultry: 92 fowls, 59 ducks, 59 turkeys, 21 geese Neat cattle sent aboard the Eagle packet, 5 head Yams used for the slaves, 47,170 Yams used for the livestock, 19,500 Total yams used, 66,670 Interpretations The flock recovered from 431 to 450 sheep, after falling in the winter quarter. Breeding added only five lambs, so the rise came from buying in. The Company bought 63 sheep, most of them ewes, from the island's planters, and received 40 wethers besides. Buying breeding ewes rather than ships' wethers was a deliberate choice to rebuild the flock and not just feed the Castle table. Yams issued to the slaves jumped to 47,170, against 11,930 in the quarter before. The island's yam crop came in with the southern spring and summer, so the Company switched the slaves back from imported rice to home-grown food. The rice still in the stores could then be held in reserve. Five head of cattle went aboard the Eagle packet before she sailed for England on 3 November 1775, as fresh meat for her voyage.
369	362	8th January Artillery Stores Expended in December 1775 Powder for Practice in Ruperts Valley lb. 164 oz. 4 do. for a General Field Day 148 .. 6 do. for Sundry Services 6 .. 9 lb. 319 oz. 3 Lead Ball 1 lb. Match 6 lb. Tallow 4 lb. James Tippet Captn. of Artillery Sundrys Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in December 1775 39 Bottles Madeira £ 2 2 1 21 do. Port 1 13 3 38 do. Lisbon 3 .. 2 25 do. Mountain 1 19 7 43 do. Porter .. 14 4 15½ Gallons Arrack 2 6 6 100 lb. Beef 1 5 .. 213 Mutton 5 5 5 6 Turkeys 1 10 .. 12 Fowls .. 18 .. 84 Candy 2 2 .. 556 Flour 5 4 5 1 Lamb .. 10 .. 2 Kids .. 10 .. 29 .. 9 Bought for the Table 123¾ Beef at 6d. 3 1 10½ 3¾ do. at 3½ .. 1 3½ 3 Turkeys .. 15 .. 27 Fowls 2 .. 6 23 Ducks 1 14 6 5 Geese 1 5 .. 8 Pigs 2 .. .. £ 10 18 2	The artillery stores used in December 1775 were recorded as follows, and James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Artillery stores used in December 1775 Practice at Rupert's Valley, powder 164 lb 4 oz General field day, powder 148 lb 6 oz Various duties, powder 6 lb 9 oz Total powder, 319 lb 3 oz Other stores used Lead ball, 1 lb Match, 6 lb Tallow, 4 lb The stores used at the Company's table in December 1775 were recorded as follows. Stores used at the Company's table, December 1775 Madeira wine, 39 bottles, £2 9s 1d Port wine, 21 bottles, £1 13s 3d Lisbon wine, 38 bottles, £3 0s 2d Mountain wine, 25 bottles, £1 19s 7d Porter, 43 bottles, £0 14s 4d Arrack, 15½ gallons, £2 6s 6d Beef, 100 lb, £1 5s 0d Mutton, 213 lb, £5 5s 5d Turkeys, 6, £1 10s 0d Fowls, 12, £0 18s 0d Sugar candy, 84 lb, £2 2s 0d Flour, 556 lb, £5 4s 5d Lamb, 1, £0 10s 0d Kids, 2, £0 10s 0d Total from the stores, £29 0s 9d Bought for the table Beef, 123½ lb at 6d a lb, £3 1s 10½d Beef, 3¾ lb at 3½d a lb, £0 1s 3½d Turkeys, 3, £0 15s 0d Fowls, 27, £2 0s 6d Ducks, 23, £1 14s 6d Geese, 5, £1 5s 0d Pigs, 8, £2 0s 0d Total bought for the table, £10 18s 2d Interpretations The artillery fired no guns at all in December 1775, the second month that year without a salute or an alarm. No ship arrived, sailed or passed in sight until the Northumberland came in on 1 January 1776. All the month's powder went on drill: practice at Rupert's Valley and the field day. The Castle table spent heavily on poultry for December, with 23 ducks, five geese and 27 fowls bought from islanders. Mountain wine use also rose to 25 bottles, more than double the earlier months. With no guests from ships to entertain, the extra fare was probably for the Christmas and New Year festivities at the Castle.
370	363	1776 We this day received the following Letter from the Engineer Viz. John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council Gentlemen I have the Honour to acquaint you that the Artificers and Labourers were employed during the last quarter in carrying forward the three New Houses likewise making preparation for an Armourer and Blacksmiths Shops and a Wall from the Angle of the Governors Garden, leading to the entrance of the Plantation House. I do intend with your permission Gentlemen according to your former Order, this ensuing Quarter, prosecuting with the greatest expedition as far as the Materials will give me leave, the New Houses, likewise carrying onwards, the Armorer and Black smiths Shops, and the Wall from the Angle of the Governors Garden, to the Entrance of the Plantation House. St. Helena 8th January 1776 I have the Honour to be Gentlemen Your most Obt. Servant (Signed) James Tippet We gave Captain Tippet Orders to proceed according to his former Instructions, respecting the said Works.	James Tippet, the engineer, wrote to Governor Skottowe and the Council. Over the past quarter the craftsmen and labourers had mainly worked on the three new houses. They had also prepared to build an armourer's shop and a blacksmith's shop. In addition, they had started a wall running from the corner of the Governor's garden to the entrance of Plantation House. With the Council's permission, Tippet planned to follow its earlier orders in the coming quarter. He would push on with the new houses as fast as his materials allowed. He would also carry on with the two shops and the garden wall. He signed the letter at St Helena on 8 January 1776. The Council ordered Tippet to carry on with these works under his earlier instructions. Interpretations The three new houses were still not finished. The Council had promised them to Charles Ross Stewart, William Wrangham and Thomas Stroud in June 1775. Tippet now blamed the delay on materials, a fair point: the timber, lime, coal and joinery all had to be shipped in or burned on the island in small batches. Each quarter of delay kept the Company paying house rent to the officers who were waiting for quarters. The new armourer's and blacksmith's shops would give the smiths proper workshops for the brazing, soldering and gun repairs that the year's stores showed them taking on. The wall from the Governor's garden to Plantation House enclosed the Company's country seat. It added to the work done on that house in 1775, including the new dairy and larder.
371	364	8th January Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ship Northumberland to Muster her company and enquire for Deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows Viz. Muster Roll of Ship Northumberland James Rae Commander Robt. Alexander 1st Mate Richd. Cowage 2d do. Geo. Blackford 3d do. Ambrose Dickens 4th do. Chs. Haggis 5th do. Geo. Bury 6th do. Henry Rome 7th do. John Morgan Surgeon Giles Wildman Pursar James Codling Gunner Thos. Gradsop Carpenter John Smith Captn. Stewd. Griffith Rees Ships do. W. Richd. James Midshipn. Charles Jones do. Benjn. Paxton do. Geo. Harper do. Thos. Thoms do. Albert Pearson 2d Master Thos. Ritchie do. Andw. Gathby do. Jo. Richardson do. Richd. Brokshaw Bns. Mate Richd. Davis Carpr. do. Jno. Greenfield Gunr. do. Thos. Williams Caulker Thos. Butcher Cooper Saml. Rathbun Armr. Robt. Irvin Sailmaker John Stevenson Joiner Pat. Everitt Caulkr. Mate Jo. Rowland Carpr. Mt. James Dugles Captn. Cook Wm. Steel Ships do. Thos. Machby Baker Jo. Brigg Poulterer Fran. Hardie Seaman Edward Harvey Robt. Atkins Robt. Chapple Robt. Staple Wm. Gathrider Roger Woodward John Taylor Henry Robertson John Edwards John Cundell Godfrey Mink John Young Barnaby Fielding Geo. Chamberland William Swift Thos. Lief Willm. Mathead John Campbell Senr. John Campbell Junr. John Nichols John Handley Robt. Taylor John Williams Mark St. Ponder Jacob Faverett Wm. Le Pare Wm. Chr. de Clew, Seaman John Burgess John Scott Saml. Thomas Archd. McLean John Rutty Henry Cundell George Brown Willm. Plato Jas. Catherine Henry Williams Wm. Preston Richd. Steward Anthony Ryburn Joseph Jakle John Pine Jos. England Jas. Williams Richd. Guy Philip McDonald Joseph Rowler Willm. Stiny James Codling Wm. Flower Henry Malton Vincent Le Jow Happy Freeman Isaac Newton Soldier Thos. Lever John Griffiths Jacob Sankey Wm. Simmons	William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the Northumberland to muster her crew and to search for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll followed. Muster roll of the ship Northumberland James Rae, commander Robert Alexander, first mate Richard Conway, second mate George Blackford, third mate Ambrose Dickens, fourth mate Charles Hagger, fifth mate George Bay, sixth mate Henry Romer, seventh mate John Morgan, surgeon Giles Wellman, purser James Codling, gunner Thomas Gradsop, carpenter John Smith, captain's steward Griffith Rees, ship's steward William Richard Jones, midshipman Charles Jones, midshipman Benjamin Poston, midshipman George Hooper, midshipman Thomas Thorns, midshipman Albert Pearson, quartermaster Thomas Ritchie, quartermaster Andrew Gatsby, quartermaster Thomas Richardson, quartermaster Richard Brokshaw, boatswain's mate Richard Davis, carpenter's mate James Greenfield, gunner's mate Thomas Williams, caulker Thomas Butcher, cooper Samuel Rathbun, armourer Robert Iron, sailmaker John Stevenson, joiner Patrick Everitt, caulker's mate James Rowland, carpenter's mate James Douglas, captain's cook William Steel, ship's cook Thomas Mackby, baker James Brough, poulterer Francis Hardie, seaman Edmund Harvey, seaman Robert Atkins, seaman Robert Chapple, seaman Robert Steeple, seaman William Gathridge, seaman Roger Woodward, seaman John Taylor, seaman Henry Robertson, seaman John Edwards, seaman John Criddell, seaman Godfrey Mink, seaman John Young, seaman Barnaby Fielding, seaman George Chamberland, seaman William Swift, seaman Thomas Lof, seaman William Moorhead, seaman John Campbell senior, seaman John Campbell junior, seaman John Nichols, seaman John Handley, seaman Robert Taylor, seaman John Williams, seaman Mark St Pouder, seaman Jacob Faverall, seaman William Le Pine, seaman Charles Le Clew, seaman John Burgess, seaman John Scott, seaman Samuel Thomas, seaman Archibald McLean, seaman John Rutty, seaman Hendrick Condell, seaman George Brown, seaman William Plato, seaman James Cathorne, seaman Henry Williams, seaman William Preston, seaman Robert Steward, seaman Anthony Rybuen, seaman Joseph Tahle, seaman John Pine, seaman Joshua England, seaman James Williams, seaman Richard Guy, seaman Philip McDonald, seaman Joseph Rowler, seaman William Strey, seaman James Codling, seaman William Flower, seaman Henry Malton, seaman Vincent Le Tow, seaman Happy Freeman, seaman Isaac Newton, soldier Thomas Linn, seaman John Griffiths, seaman Jacob Sankey, seaman William Simmons, seaman Interpretations One seaman was entered as Happy Freeman. A surname of this kind was often taken by a former slave on gaining freedom, and a cheerful forename such as Happy was typical of the names that owners gave to slaves. He was probably a freed African or West Indian sailor serving aboard for wages. Isaac Newton was listed as a soldier among the crew, most likely a Company recruit or a discharged soldier travelling home, entered on the ship's books so that he drew rations.
372	365	1776 Joseph Haney Willm. Haker Lawrence Levene Joseph Donalson John Doulker Joseph Coleman Ralph Skoles Passengers Lieut. Colonel Corby Lieut. Colonel Braithwaite Mr. Petrie Mr. Rider Mr. Elliott Mr. Creswick Mr. Wogan Captain Adair Mr. Harding Signed James Rees We this Day granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors Viz. One Set to the Reverend Mr. Roberts Carr for five hundred Pounds, payable to Mr. Fredk. Hindly (or Order) And One Set to Captain James Rees for one thousand pounds, payable to himself (or Order) both drawn at Ninety Days sight. Captain James Rees purchased at the Cape on Account of the Honble. Company forty five Sheep, twenty seven hundred, one quarter and fifteen pounds of Wheat. We likewise bought of Captain Rees fifty two hundred, one quarter and four pounds of Rice, amounting in the whole to seventy eight pounds, seven shillings, he chusing Certificates for the same, rather than Money We have granted him the usual ones.	The muster roll of the Northumberland ended with the last of her crew and her passengers, and her commander, James Rees, signed it. Joseph Haney, seaman William Walker, seaman Lawrence Levene, seaman Joseph Donalson, seaman John Doulker, seaman Joseph Coleman, seaman Ralph Sholes, seaman Passengers Lieutenant Colonel Corby Lieutenant Colonel Blackwaite Mr Petrie Mr Rider Mr Elliott Mr Creswick Mr Wogan Captain Adair Mr Harding The Council issued two sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, both payable at 90 days' sight. The Reverend Robartes Carr received one set for £500 0s 0d, payable to Frederick Hindly or his order. Captain James Rees received the other for £1,000 0s 0d, payable to himself or his order. Captain Rees had bought 45 sheep and 27 cwt 1 qr 15 lb of wheat at the Cape for the Company. The Council also bought 52 cwt 1 qr 4 lb of rice from him. The whole came to £78 7s 0d. Rees chose to be paid in certificates instead of money, and the Council gave him the usual ones. Interpretations The chaplain, Robartes Carr, sent home £500 0s 0d, far more than the £55 0s 0d a quarter he drew as chaplain. Earlier bills of £100 0s 0d and £83 0s 0d had also gone to Captain Robert Carr, probably a relative. A clergyman on the island could earn fees for baptisms, marriages and burials, and perhaps run a school or lend money at interest. The size of this bill suggests he had built up savings over several years and was now sending them home in one sum. Rees took certificates for the sheep, wheat and rice instead of cash. The owners of his ship would present them in London against their account with the Company, so no silver left the island's chest. Rees had already turned his own trading profits into a £1,000 0s 0d bill, so he had no need of coin from the Company's sale.
373	366	8th January The Honble. East India Company To Captain James Rees Dr. To 45 Sheep at 15/ £ 33 15 .. Wheat 27 .. 1 .. 15 Cost 10 .. 12 25 per Cent on do. 2 .. 13 13 .. 5 .. 40 Bags Rice Ct. 52 .. 1 .. 4 at 12/ 31 .. 7 .. £ 78 .. 7 .. St. Helena 8th Jany. 1776 Errors Excepted (Signed) Jas. Rees John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Captain Rees's bill for the goods supplied to the Company was recorded as follows. The Honourable East India Company, debtor to Captain James Rees Sheep, 45 at 15s each, £33 15s 0d Wheat, 27 cwt 1 qr 14 lb, cost £10 12s 0d Advance of 25 per cent on the wheat, £2 13s 0d Total for the wheat, £13 5s 0d Rice, 40 bags weighing 52 cwt 1 qr 4 lb at 12s a cwt, £31 7s 0d Total, £78 7s 0d James Rees signed the bill at St Helena on 8 January 1776, subject to correction of any errors. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations Rees charged the Company the Cape price of the wheat plus an advance of 25 per cent. The advance covered his freight, the risk of carrying grain at sea and a margin of profit, since the hold space belonged to the ship's owners and could otherwise have carried private trade. The sheep came at the usual 15s a head paid for ships' sheep throughout 1775. By accepting the advance, the Council recognised that a commander who bought supplies for the Company at an intermediate port was entitled to a fair return for the space and trouble.
374	367	15th January At a Consultation held on Monday the 15 Day of January 1776 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 8th of January 1776. Tuesday the 9th Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Northumberland for England. The Storekeeper this Day brought in his Collections, and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter commencing the 1st October, and ending the 31st December last, which were Examined, approved of, and are as follow Viz. Collection of Goods sold and Delivered out of the Honble. Company's Ware Houses from the 1st October to the 31st December 1775 Sold at 10 per Cent Sugar and Candy Viz. 156 .. 3 .. 15 Sugar 190 2 4 27 .. 2 .. 12 Candy 73 5 6 263 7 10 Flour Viz. 145 .. 3 .. 14 Flour 153 18 1 601 .. 2 .. 8 do. Baked 631 13 .. 784 11 1 Rice and Paddy Viz. 57 .. 3 .. 19 Rice 29 18 6 27 .. .. 26 Paddy 6 12 10 36 11 4 Carried Over	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 15 January 1776. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 8 January 1776. The Company's ship Northumberland sailed for England on Tuesday 9 January 1776. The storekeeper presented his collections, and the paymaster his accounts, for the quarter from 1 October to 31 December 1775. The Council examined and approved both. The collection covered goods sold and issued from the Company's warehouses over that quarter. Collection of goods sold and issued from the Company's warehouses, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Sold at 10 per cent above cost Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 156 cwt 3 qr 15 lb, £190 2s 4d Sugar candy, 27 cwt 2 qr 12 lb, £73 5s 6d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £263 7s 10d Flour Flour, 145 cwt 3 qr 14 lb, £152 18s 1d Flour issued baked, 601 cwt 2 qr 8 lb, £631 13s 0d Total for flour, £784 11s 1d Rice and paddy Rice, 57 cwt 3 qr 19 lb, £29 15s 6d Paddy, 27 cwt 0 qr 26 lb, £6 15s 10d Total for rice and paddy, £36 11s 4d Interpretations Flour issued baked rose to 601 cwt this quarter, against 340 cwt in the winter quarter and about 485 cwt earlier in the year. The Council had held back its flour through the winter and pushed rice instead. With the new season's ships expected and fresh supplies on the way, it released the reserve of 563 casks counted at the stocktaking in September 1775. Sugar sales almost doubled for the same reason, as the summer months and the approach of Christmas raised demand on the island.
375	368	15th January Brought Over Sope C. 7 .. .. 23 21 15 9 Salt 23¾ Bushels 4 5 3 Tea Viz. 4 .. 2 .. 20 Single 30 3 .. 5 .. .. 23 Congo 35 6 3 11 .. 1 .. 19 Bohea 47 11 .. 12 Cannistr. Hyson 5 12 6 118 13 2 Cordage C. 4 .. 3 .. 1 8 18 1 Coffee 54 lb. 2 9 6 Starch 110 lb. 3 8 9 Sago 127 lb. 2 6 .. Beef and Pork Viz. 1164 Pcs. Beef 116 8 .. 6658 Pcs. Pork 665 16 .. 782 4 .. Chelloes 62 Pieces 38 4 8 Candles C. .. 1 .. 7 23 3 .. Leather Viz. 3 .. 3 .. 25 Sole 21 11 1 3 Calf Skins 1 15 3 23 6 4 Pepper 143 lb. 4 .. 5 Twine Viz. 62 Sk. Twine 2 1 4 2 Cotton Wick .. 5 2 2 6 6 Buckram 10½ Yards .. 11 10 Lead Viz. C. .. .. 23 .. 5 8 1 .. .. 9 Pig .. 18 7 1 .. 1 .. 17 Shott 1 12 8 2 16 5 Flannel 52 Yards 5 17 .. Blankets 1 .. 13 3 Kersey 9 Yards .. 12 5 Iron and Steel Viz. C. 2 .. 3 .. 3 Iron .. 15 8 .. .. 21 Steel .. 8 4 1 4 .. Carried Over	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued. Soap, 7 cwt 0 qr 23 lb, £21 15s 9d Salt, 23½ bushels, £4 5s 3d Tea Singlo tea, 4 cwt 2 qr 20 lb, £30 8s 0d Congou tea, 5 cwt 0 qr 23 lb, £35 6s 8d Bohea tea, 11 cwt 1 qr 19 lb, £47 11s 0d Hyson tea, 12 canisters, £5 12s 6d Total for tea, £118 18s 2d Cordage, 4 cwt 3 qr 1 lb, £8 18s 1d Coffee, 54 lb, £2 9s 6d Starch, 110 lb, £3 8s 9d Sago, 127 lb, £2 6s 0d Beef and pork Beef, 1,164 pieces, £116 8s 0d Pork, 6,658 pieces, £665 16s 0d Total for beef and pork, £782 4s 0d Chelloes, 62 pieces, £38 4s 8d Candles, [...], £23 3s 0d Leather Sole leather, 3 cwt 2 qr 25 lb, £21 11s 1d Calfskins, 3, £1 15s 3d Total for leather, £23 6s 4d Pepper, 143 lb, £4 0s 5d Twine Twine, 62 skeins, £2 1s 4d Cotton wick, 2 lb, £0 5s 2d Total for twine, £2 6s 6d Buckram, 10½ yards, £0 11s 10d Lead Sheet lead, 0 cwt 0 qr 23 lb, £0 5s 2d Pig lead, 1 cwt 0 qr 9 lb, £0 18s 7d Lead shot, 1 cwt 1 qr 17 lb, £1 12s 8d Total for lead, £2 16s 5d Flannel, 52 yards, £5 17s 0d Blankets, 1, £0 13s 3d Kersey, 9 yards, £0 12s 5d Iron and steel Iron, 2 cwt 3 qr 3 lb, £0 15s 8d Steel, 21 lb, £0 8s 4d Total for iron and steel, £1 4s 0d Interpretations The stores sold 6,658 pieces of pork this quarter, more than in any other quarter of 1775 and twice the 3,090 of the winter quarter. The stocktaking of September 1775 had shown 338 casks of pork on hand, against an annual supply fixed by the Court. With a fresh shipment expected from England in the coming season, the storekeeper sold off the oldest casks while they were still sound. Older salt meat lost quality with each year in the cask, so moving it before the new stock arrived saved it from being written off as waste.
376	369	1776 Brought Over Arrack 4 Gallons 1 .. .. Iron Pots 2 Weight 28 lb. .. 5 10 Pease ½ Bushels .. 3 8 Cork 4½ Sheet .. 2 11 Wheat 100 lb. .. 12 .. Books Viz. 9 Small Common Prayer 1 13 .. 1 Large Bible 1 10 3 3 3 3 Broad Cloth Viz. 13¾ Yards Scarlet 15 15 5 ¼ do. Light Blue .. 4 10 4 do. Green 3 17 6 17½ do. Wilton 3 6 6 ⅞ do. Black Cassimere .. 7 2 23 1 5 Bunting Viz. 8 Yards Red .. 6 4 1½ do. Blue .. 1 .. .. 7 4 Braziers Ware Viz. 2 Four Quart Tea Kettles 1 17 4 3 Hand Bells .. 8 10 2 6 2 Cutlery Ware Viz. 2 Fine Ivory Combs .. 6 2 13 Ordy. do. do. .. 16 3 9 Buckling do. .. 4 11 2½ Doz. Stag Horn Handle Knives & Forks 1 16 3 20 Butchers Knives .. 7 11 14 Pr. Leather Garters .. 10 6 4 2 .. Camblet Viz. 3¼ Yards Scarlet .. 13 2 1½ do. Blue .. 5 .. .. 18 2 Canvas Viz. 38½ Yards English 2 2 6 112 do. Ticklenburgs 5 14 4 7 16 10 Carried Over	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued. Arrack, 4 gallons, £1 0s 0d Iron pots, 2, weighing 28 lb, £0 5s 10d Pease, ½ bushel, £0 3s 8d Sheet cork, 4½ sheets, £0 2s 11d Wheat, 100 lb, £0 12s 0d Books Small Books of Common Prayer, 9, £1 13s 0d Large Bible, 1, £1 10s 3d Total for books, £3 3s 3d Broadcloth Scarlet broadcloth, 13¾ yards, £15 15s 3d Light blue broadcloth, ¼ yard, £0 4s 10d Green broadcloth, 4 yards, £3 17s 6d Wilton cloth, 17½ yards, £3 6s 6d Black cassimere, ⅞ yard, £0 7s 2d Total for broadcloth, £23 11s 5d Bunting Red bunting, 8 yards, £0 6s 4d Blue bunting, 1½ yards, £0 1s 0d Total for bunting, £0 7s 4d Brass and copper ware Five-quart tea kettles, 2, £1 17s 4d Hand bells, 3, £0 8s 10d Total for brass and copper ware, £2 6s 2d Cutlery and small wares Fine ivory combs, 2, £0 6s 2d Ordinary ivory combs, 13, £0 16s 3d Buckling combs, 9, £0 4s 11d Stag-horn-handled knives and forks, 2½ dozen, £1 16s 3d Butchers' knives, 20, £0 7s 11d Leather garters, 14 pairs, £0 10s 6d Total for cutlery and small wares, £4 2s 0d Camlet Scarlet camlet, 3¼ yards, £0 13s 2d Blue camlet, 1½ yards, £0 5s 0d Total for camlet, £0 18s 2d Canvas English canvas, 38½ yards, £2 2s 6d Ticklenburg, 112 yards, £5 14s 4d Total for canvas, £7 16s 10d Interpretations Scarlet broadcloth led the cloth sales again, with nearly 14 yards sold at more than 22s a yard. Scarlet was the colour of officers' coats, and the garrison's officers bought it from the stores to have new uniforms made up by the island's tailors. Ticklenburg sold 112 yards, continuing the steady demand from planters for sacking and slaves' clothing ahead of the summer harvest.
377	370	15th January Brought Over Deals Viz. 7 Double 1 6 3 14 Single 1 10 8 2 Wainst. Boards .. 8 10 1 Oak Plank 3 16 10 7 2 7 Earthen Ware Viz. 5 Milkpans .. 7 11 4 Stone Dishes .. 3 11 2 Large Cream Coloured Teapots .. 2 3 1 Close Stoolpan .. 1 2 2 Large Red Teapots .. 2 3 .. 17 6 Glass Ware Viz. 4 Beer Glasses .. 3 11 7 Tumblers .. 4 6 34 Sqrs. 6 by 8 .. 9 11 23 do. 8 by 10 .. 13 5 2 do. 12 by 20 .. 3 10 1 15 7 Hosiers Ware Viz. 94 Pr. Mens Ordy. Thd. Stockings 14 9 10 14 Pr. Boys Cotton do. 1 19 8 3 Pr. White Silk do. 2 14 6 1 Pr. Buff Silk Breeches 1 9 5 20 13 5 Hats 2 Boys .. 13 3 Hooks and Lines Viz. 50 No. 6 .. 4 5 900 .. 7 2 15 11 50 .. 9 .. 1 7 150 .. 10 .. 2 9 225 .. 12 .. 3 9 50 .. 13 Hooks .. .. 6 875 .. 14 .. 7 8 1375 .. 15 .. 10 4 1425 .. 16 .. 12 2 8 Large .. 2 4 66 No. 2 .. 19 5 71 .. 3 Lines 1 5 6 Hooks and Lines Carried Over Carried Over	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued. Deals Double deals, 7, £1 6s 3d Single deals, 14, £1 10s 8d Wainscot boards, 2, £0 8s 10d Oak plank, 1, £3 16s 10d Total for deals, £7 2s 7d Earthenware Milk pans, 5, £0 7s 11d Stoneware dishes, 4, £0 3s 11d Large cream-coloured teapots, 2, £0 2s 3d Close-stool pan, 1, £0 1s 2d Large red teapots, 2, £0 2s 3d Total for earthenware, £0 17s 6d Glassware Beer glasses, 4, £0 3s 11d Tumblers, 7, £0 4s 6d Window panes 6 by 8 inches, 34, £0 9s 11d Window panes 8 by 10 inches, 23, £0 13s 5d Window panes 12 by 20 inches, 2, £0 3s 10d Total for glassware, £1 15s 7d Hosiery Men's ordinary thread stockings, 94 pairs, £14 9s 10d Boys' cotton stockings, 14 pairs, £1 19s 3d White silk stockings, 3 pairs, £2 14s 6d Buff silk breeches, 1 pair, £1 9s 5d Total for hosiery, £20 13s 5d Boys' hats, 2, £0 13s 3d Hooks and lines Fish hooks number 6, 50, £0 4s 5d Fish hooks number 7, 900, £2 15s 11d Fish hooks number 9, 50, £0 1s 7d Fish hooks number 10, 150, £0 2s 9d Fish hooks number 12, 225, £0 3s 9d Fish hooks number 13, 50, £0 0s 6d Fish hooks number 14, 875, £0 7s 8d Fish hooks number 15, 1,375, £0 10s 4d Fish hooks number 16, 1,425, £0 12s 2d Large fish hooks, 8, £0 2s 4d Fishing lines number 2, 66, £0 19s 5d Fishing lines number 3, 71, £1 5s 6d Interpretations The stores sold about 5,000 fish hooks again this quarter, close to the winter quarter's record. The southern summer brought the mackerel and other small fish close inshore, and most of the hooks sold were the small sizes, numbers 14 to 16, used for that inshore fishing. Fewer heavy lines went out than in winter, when islanders had fished deeper water for larger fish.
378	371	1776 Brought Over Hooks and Lines brought over £ 7 6 6 24 No. 4 .. 9 10 7 Hambro Lines .. 11 3 2 Log .. 2 1 1 Bndl. Sash .. 1 4 8 10 10 Haberdashery Viz. 110 Sk. Silk 2 5 10 49 do. Mohair 1 4 6 15½ Doz. do. Coat Buttons .. 13 10 21 do. do. Breast do. .. 9 2 7½ do. Gilt Coat do. .. 13 9 18 Gro. White Waistcoat do. 2 5 .. 6 do. Shirt do. .. 16 6 36 Ps. Tape 1 3 3 1 Epaulet .. 10 11 4 Doz. Gold Basket Coat Buttons .. 19 6 1 do. do. do. Breast do. .. 2 6 4½ Yds. Broad Gold Lace 1 .. 10 1 Pr. Silk Garters .. 1 3 12 6 10 Iron Ware Viz. 3 Stock Locks .. 10 .. 2 Pad do. .. 3 1 1 Iron rim'd Lock with Pullbacks .. 4 7 7 Splinter Locks .. 3 8 4 Large Fryg. Pans .. 19 10 4 Small do. do. .. 10 4 4 Pr. Sheep Shears .. 6 8 11 Scythe Stones .. 2 9 3 Sheets Emery Paper .. .. 4 3 Files .. 1 4 5½ Brass Chair Nails .. 13 4 2 Plaistr. Trowels .. 3 8 2 Scythes .. 11 4 1 Hand Hatchet .. 1 10 3 Chafing Dishes .. 13 3 1 Blank Key .. 1 1 1 Spade .. 4 2 1 Brass Closet Lock .. 6 1 1 Pr. Wool Cards .. 2 2 2 Sail Needles .. .. 9 Iron Ware Carried Over £ 6 9 8 Carried Over	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued, with hooks and lines resumed from their own subtotal of £7 6s 6d. Hooks and lines brought forward, £7 6s 6d Fishing lines number 4, 24, £0 9s 10d Hamburg lines, 7, £0 11s 3d Log lines, 2, £0 2s 1d Sash line, 1 hank, £0 1s 4d Total for hooks and lines, £8 10s 10d Haberdashery Silk, 110 skeins, £2 5s 10d Mohair thread, 49 skeins, £1 4s 6d Mohair coat buttons, 15½ dozen, £0 13s 10d Mohair breast buttons, 21 dozen, £0 9s 2d Gilt coat buttons, 7½ dozen, £0 13s 9d White waistcoat buttons, 18 gross, £2 5s 0d Shirt buttons, 6 gross, £0 16s 6d Tape, 36 pieces, £1 3s 3d Epaulette, 1, £0 10s 11d Gold basket coat buttons, 4 dozen, £0 19s 6d Gold basket breast buttons, 1 dozen, £0 2s 6d Broad gold lace, 4½ yards, £1 0s 10d Silk garters, 1 pair, £0 1s 3d Total for haberdashery, £12 6s 10d Ironware Stock locks, 3, £0 10s 0d Padlocks, 2, £0 3s 1d Iron-rimmed lock with a pull-back latch, 1, £0 4s 7d Spring locks, 7, £0 3s 8d Large frying pans, 4, £0 19s 10d Small frying pans, 4, £0 10s 4d Sheep shears, 4 pairs, £0 6s 8d Scythe stones, 11, £0 2s 9d Emery paper, 3 sheets, £0 0s 4d Files, 3, £0 1s 4d Brass chair nails, 5½ lb, £0 18s 4d Plasterers' trowels, 2, £0 3s 8d Scythes, 2, £0 11s 4d Hand hatchet, 1, £0 1s 10d Chafing dishes, 3, £0 18s 3d Blank key, 1, £0 1s 1d Spade, 1, £0 4s 2d Brass closet lock, 1, £0 6s 1d Wool cards, 1 pair, £0 2s 2d Sail needles, 2, £0 0s 2d Ironware carried forward, £6 9s 8½d Interpretations The stores sold an epaulette and gold lace again this quarter, along with gold basket and gilt coat buttons. Richard Knipe, Arthur Upton and James Molloy had all become lieutenants during 1775. Each new officer had to buy his own badges of rank and the trimmings for his coat from the stores, at his own cost, to dress in keeping with his new place in the garrison.
379	372	15th January Brought Over Iron Ware brought Over £ 6 9 3 2½ lb. Tin Tacks .. 4 4 1 Maul .. 10 5 2 Ash Helves .. 1 4 1 Bricklayers Trowel .. 1 5 3 Spring Rat Traps .. 4 11 4 Pickaxes .. 14 8 2 Wood Axes .. 6 4 3 Pr. HL Hinges .. 9 8 1 Pr. H do. .. 1 .. 1 Rag stone .. .. 5 3 Box Irons .. 1 3 9 5 5 Long Ells 6⅞ Yds. Scarlet 1 2 4 Nails Viz. 7 .. 2 .. 5 7 18 .. 3 .. 13 10 161 .. 4 5 4 .. 70 .. 6 2 12 6 23 .. 10 .. 12 .. 12 .. 20 .. 5 .. 51 .. 30 1 .. 2 2 .. 40 .. .. 10 6½ Plasg. Brads .. 6 2 11 .. 1 Oil Viz. 75½ Gallons Train 17 2 11 17½ do. Linseed 3 17 3 ⅝ do. Turpentine .. 2 10 20 Bottles Florence 2 17 6 24 .. 6 Pewter Viz. 1 Pint Pot .. 2 3 8 Chamber Pots 1 6 8 8 Water Plates 2 4 .. 3 12 11 Pitch and Tar Viz. 30 lb. Pitch .. 3 9 21 Gallons Tar .. 17 6 147 lb. Rosin 1 10 7 2 11 10 Carried Over	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued, with ironware resumed from its own subtotal of £6 9s 3d. Ironware brought forward, £6 9s 3d Tin tacks, 2½ lb, £0 4s 4d Maul, 1, £0 10s 5d Ash helves, 2, £0 1s 4d Bricklayer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 5d Spring rat traps, 3, £0 4s 11d Pickaxes, 4, £0 14s 8d Wood axes, 2, £0 6s 4d HL hinges, 3 pairs, £0 9s 8d H hinges, 1 pair, £0 1s 0d Rag stone, 1, £0 0s 5d Plane irons, 3, £0 1s 3d Total for ironware, £9 5s 5d Scarlet long ells, 6⅞ yards, £1 2s 4d Nails Two-penny nails, 7 lb, £0 5s 7d Three-penny nails, 18 lb, £0 13s 10d Four-penny nails, 161 lb, £5 4s 0d Six-penny nails, 70 lb, £2 12s 6d Ten-penny nails, 23 lb, £0 12s 0d Twenty-penny nails, 12 lb, £0 5s 0d Thirty-penny nails, 51 lb, £1 0s 2d Forty-penny nails, 2 lb, £0 0s 10d Glazing brads, 6½ lb, £0 6s 2d Total for nails, £11 0s 1d Oil Train oil, 75½ gallons, £17 2s 11d Linseed oil, 17½ gallons, £3 17s 3d Turpentine, ⅔ gallon, £0 2s 10d Florence oil, 20 bottles, £2 17s 6d Total for oil, £24 0s 6d Pewter Pint pot, 1, £0 2s 3d Chamber pots, 8, £1 6s 8d Water plates, 8, £2 4s 0d Total for pewter, £3 12s 11d Pitch and tar Pitch, 30 lb, £0 3s 9d Tar, 21 gallons, £0 17s 6d Rosin, 147 lb, £1 10s 7d Total for pitch and tar, £2 11s 10d Interpretations Train oil sold 75½ gallons this quarter, against only 23 gallons in the winter quarter. The stocktaking had shown 543 gallons still in store, held back through the winter. With the new shipping season about to bring fresh supplies, the storekeeper released the reserve to islanders, as he had done with the flour. Settlers bought more than 160 lb of four-penny nails and 70 lb of six-penny nails. These were the common sizes for boarding, flooring and fencing. The summer months, dry and long, were the islanders' building season, and the nail sales show private houses and farm sheds going up alongside the Company's own works.
380	373	1776 Brought Over Paint Viz. 50 lb. Indico 4 13 9 15 Blue Smalts 1 8 5 20 lb. White Lead mixed .. 7 11 13 do. do. Dry .. 4 4 20½ Iron Red mixed .. 11 1 124 Whiting .. 5 2 2 Green Copperas .. .. 4 1 lb. Log Wood .. .. 3 8 Barrels Blacking .. 4 4 62 lb. Chalk .. 5 2 ½ White Copperas .. .. 3 1 Vermillion .. 6 1 2½ Verdegrease .. 11 3 8 18 4 Serge Viz. ¼ Yard Scarlet .. 4 7 1 do. Blue .. 4 11 24½ do. Green 5 18 3 30½ do. Brown Duffle 5 2 .. 12½ do. do. Fustian 1 5 3 Ps. Yds. 3 .. 8½ do. White do. 8 2 5 20 17 5 Shaloon 8 Yards Coloured .. 16 2 Sailors Cloaths Viz. 2 Boys Jackets .. 11 10 6 Pr. do. Breeches 1 .. .. 5 do. Shirts .. 15 5 2 Sailors Hats .. 3 8 7 Mens Jackets 2 16 7 4 Pr. do. Breeches .. 17 .. 4 do. Check'd Shirts .. 14 8 6 19 2 Saddlery Viz. 4 Surcingles .. 14 10 2 Cruppers .. 3 10 1 Snaffle Bridle .. 6 10 1 Half Curb do. .. 11 9 2 Pr. Stirrup Leathers .. 5 6 2 Saddle Cloths .. 8 10 2 11 7 Carried Over	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter went on with paint, serge, clothing and saddlery. Paint Indigo, 50 lb, £4 13s 9d Blue smalt, 15 lb, £1 8s 5d White lead ground in oil, 20 lb, £0 7s 11d White lead dry, 13 lb, £0 4s 4d Venetian red ground in oil, 20½ lb, £0 11s 1d Whiting, 124 lb, £0 5s 2d Green copperas, 2 lb, £0 0s 4d Logwood, 1 lb, £0 0s 3d Blacking balls, 8, £0 4s 4d Chalk, 62 lb, £0 5s 2d White copperas, ½ lb, £0 0s 3d Vermilion, 1 lb, £0 6s 1d Verdigris, 2½ lb, £0 11s 3d Total for paint, £8 18s 4d Serge Scarlet serge, ¾ yard, £0 4s 7d Blue serge, 1 yard, £0 4s 11d Green serge, 24½ yards, £5 18s 3d Brown duffel, 30½ yards, £5 2s 0d Brown fustian, 12½ yards, £1 5s 3d White fustian, 3 pieces 8½ yards, £8 2s 5d Total for serge, £20 17s 5d Coloured shalloon, 8 yards, £0 16s 2d Sailors' clothing Boys' jackets, 2, £0 11s 10d Boys' breeches, 6 pairs, £1 0s 0d Boys' shirts, 5, £0 15s 5d Sailors' hats, 2, £0 3s 8d Men's jackets, 7, £2 16s 7d Men's breeches, 4 pairs, £0 17s 0d Men's checked shirts, 4, £0 14s 8d Total for sailors' clothing, £6 19s 2d Saddlery Surcingles, 4, £0 14s 10d Cruppers, 2, £0 3s 10d Snaffle bridle, 1, £0 6s 10d Half-curb bridle, 1, £0 11s 9d Stirrup leathers, 2 pairs, £0 5s 6d Saddle cloths, 2, £0 8s 10d Total for saddlery, £2 11s 7d Interpretations Fifty pounds of indigo sold this quarter, together with 15 lb of blue smalt. Islanders used both to blue their washing, and in larger amounts to dye homespun cloth. The quantity was far more than any single household needed for laundry. Settlers were probably dyeing the wool from their growing flocks into the blue cloth commonly worn by working people.
381	374	15th January Brought Over Shirts Viz. 126 Soldiers 30 19 6 37½ Yds. Brown Holland 6 13 1 1 Pc. Irish Diaper for Table Cloths 4 14 1 2 Ps. do. do. for Napkins 8 14 6 ¾ Pc. Huckaback for Table Cloths 4 1 8 ½ Pc. Coarse Irish Linen .. 19 5 7½ Yds. Russia Diaper .. 7 8 9½ do. Fine Irish Linen 2 9 1 58 19 .. Shoes Viz. 332 Pr. Mens Ordinary 85 1 6 15 do. do. Fine Shoes 4 11 3 15 do. do. do. Pumps 4 2 6 9 do. Womens Calimanco 1 13 3 20 do. do. Calf Leather Shoes 2 17 11 4 do. do. do. Pumps .. 16 2 2 do. do. Spanish Leather .. 8 6 11 do. Girls Calimanco 1 16 8 11 do. Calf Leather 1 6 10 14 do. Boys 2 11 4 105 10 11 Thread Viz. 18 lb. White & Brown 6 10 6 13 No. 16 1 11 8 8 2 2 Ticking Viz. 30¼ Yards Ticking 3 10 4 31½ do. Check'd Linen 1 12 2 5 2 6 Tin Ware Viz. 1 Dripping Pan .. 2 1 2 Gallon Kettles .. 3 8 2 Watg. Pots .. 7 11 6 Double Sheets Tin .. 1 11 11 Lamps .. 8 9 3 Two Gallon Kettles .. 9 2 1 Horn Lanthorn .. 4 3 1 17 9 Carried Over	The storekeeper's collection for the quarter continued. Shirts Soldiers' shirts, 126, £30 19s 6d Brown holland, 37½ yards, £6 13s 1d Irish diaper for tablecloths, 1 piece, £4 14s 1d Irish diaper for napkins, 2 pieces, £8 14s 6d Huckaback for tablecloths, ¾ piece, £4 1s 8d Coarse Irish linen, ½ piece, £0 19s 5d Russia diaper, 7½ yards, £0 7s 8d Fine Irish linen, 9½ yards, £2 9s 1d Total for shirts, £58 19s 0d Shoes Men's ordinary shoes, 339 pairs, £85 1s 6d Men's fine shoes, 15 pairs, £4 11s 3d Men's pumps, 15 pairs, £4 2s 6d Women's calimanco shoes, 9 pairs, £1 13s 3d Women's calf-leather shoes, 20 pairs, £2 17s 11d Women's calf-leather pumps, 4 pairs, £0 16s 2d Women's Spanish-leather shoes, 2 pairs, £0 8s 6d Girls' calimanco shoes, 11 pairs, £1 16s 8d Girls' calf-leather shoes, 11 pairs, £1 6s 10d Boys' shoes, 14 pairs, £2 11s 4d Total for shoes, £105 10s 11d Thread Whited brown thread, 18 lb, £6 10s 6d Thread number 16, 13 oz, £1 11s 8d Total for thread, £8 2s 2d Ticking Ticking, 39½ yards, £3 10s 4d Checked linen, 31½ yards, £1 12s 2d Total for ticking, £5 2s 6d Tinware Dripping pan, 1, £0 2s 1d Gallon kettles, 2, £0 3s 8d Watering pots, 2, £0 7s 11d Sheets of double tin, 6, £0 1s 11d Lamps, 11, £0 8s 9d Two-gallon kettles, 3, £0 9s 2d Horn lantern, 1, £0 4s 3d Total for tinware, £1 17s 9d Interpretations The stores sold 339 pairs of men's ordinary shoes this quarter, against 185 pairs in the winter quarter. Most went to soldiers buying replacements at their own cost through stoppages from pay. The stocktaking had shown more than 2,000 pairs on hand, so the storekeeper could meet the demand easily, and the sale turned part of a large, slow-moving reserve back into cash. Irish diaper was a linen woven with a small repeating diamond pattern, used for tablecloths and napkins. Three pieces sold this quarter, a sign of settlers furnishing their tables for the Christmas season.
382	375	1776 Brought Over Turners Ware Viz. 10 Plaistr. Brushes .. 19 7 4 Cloth do. .. 8 6 11 Paint do. .. 5 11 5 Shoe do. .. 3 9 2 Flaskets .. 7 6 1 Hair Broom .. 3 3 2 8 6 China Ware Viz. 17 Sneakers .. 6 5 8 Sets Octagon Dishes & Plates 8 11 4 2 Baking Dishes .. 2 .. 1 Guglet & Bason .. 3 1 2 Chamber Pots .. 3 8 1 Bowl .. .. 9 9 7 3 Long Cloth Viz. 2½ Ps. No. 1 13 8 6 1 do. .. 2 4 12 10 4 do. .. 3 14 3 .. 1½ do. .. 4 4 6 6 6½ do. .. 5 10 17 2 2½ do. .. 6 2 19 5 50 7 5 Wine 311 Gallons Madeira 134 11 4 £ 2695 17 9 Sold at 40 per Cent Flannel 28 Yards 3 17 .. Serge 7½ Yds. Brown Duffle 3 1 7 Shirts 3½ do. do. Holland .. 6 8 Haberdashery Viz. 9 Sk. Mohair .. 6 .. 9½ Doz. do. Coat Buttons .. 10 4 6 do. do. Breast do. .. 3 4 2 Ps. Tape .. 1 8 1 1 4 Carried Over £ 8 6 7	The storekeeper's collection for goods sold at 10 per cent closed, and the account of goods sold at 40 per cent began. Turnery Plasterers' brushes, 10, £0 19s 7d Clothes brushes, 4, £0 8s 6d Paint brushes, 11, £0 5s 11d Shoe brushes, 5, £0 3s 9d Flaskets, 2, £0 7s 6d Hair broom, 1, £0 3s 3d Total for turnery, £2 8s 6d China Sneakers, 17, £0 6s 5d Sets of octagonal dishes and plates, 8, £8 11s 4d Baking dishes, 2, £0 2s 0d Guglet and basin, 1 set, £0 3s 1d Chamber pots, 2, £0 3s 8d Bowl, 1, £0 0s 9d Total for china, £9 7s 3d Longcloth Longcloth number 1, 2½ pieces, £13 8s 6d Longcloth number 2, 1 piece, £4 12s 10d Longcloth number 3, 4 pieces, £14 3s 0d Longcloth number 4, 1½ pieces, £4 6s 6d Longcloth number 5, 6½ pieces, £10 17s 2d Longcloth number 6, 2½ pieces, £2 19s 5d Total for longcloth, £50 7s 5d Madeira wine, 311 gallons, £134 11s 4d Total sold at 10 per cent, £2,695 17s 9d Sold at 40 per cent above cost Flannel, 28 yards, £3 17s 0d Brown duffel, 7½ yards, £3 1s 7d Brown holland, 3½ yards, £0 6s 8d Haberdashery Mohair thread, 9 skeins, £0 6s 0d Mohair coat buttons, 9½ dozen, £0 10s 4d Mohair breast buttons, 6 dozen, £0 3s 4d Tape, 2 pieces, £0 1s 8d Total for haberdashery, £1 1s 4d Carried forward, £8 6s 7d Interpretations The stores sold 311 gallons of Madeira this quarter for £134 11s 4d, the largest single item after salt meat and flour. These were the six pipes that arrived on the Anson in October 1775 after the Council had asked Bengal for its yearly supply. Most of the wine went to islanders at 10 per cent above cost, in time for Christmas. Sales of goods at 10 per cent reached £2,695 17s 9d, the highest of any quarter in 1775. The new shipping season, the release of the winter reserves and the festive month together lifted the stores' takings.
383	376	15 January Brought Over £ 8 6 7 Iron Ware Viz. 1 Spring Rat Trap .. 2 2 2 Large Frying Pans .. 12 6 ½ M. Brad Awls .. 1 3 1 Iron rim'd Lock with Brass Knobs .. 8 8 2 Pr. HL Hinges .. 2 6 1 7 1 Thread ½ lb. White & Brown .. 4 7 Kersey 1½ Yards .. 2 8 Blanket 1 .. 16 10 Salt 1 Bushel .. 4 8 Tin Ware Viz. 1 Two Gallon Kettle .. 3 11 1 Horn Lanthorn .. 4 8 .. 8 7 £ 11 11 .. Damaged Goods Sold at Publick Auction. Earthen Ware 2 Close Stoolpans .. .. 6 Glass Ware Viz. 3 Four Hour Glasses 1 Three do. Glass .. 2 .. Hosiers Ware 3 Pr. Black Worsd. Breeches .. 18 .. Haberdashery 1 .. 7 Mohair .. 1 .. Shoes Viz. 1 Pr. Girls Calimanco 2 do. Mens Ordinary .. 4 .. Long Cloth 1 Pc. No. 6 1 6 .. £ 2 7 10 Sold to the Honble. Companys Ships from 1st October to the 31st Decemr. 1775 Iron Ware Viz. 6 Spring Rat Traps .. 13 .. 36 Sail Needles .. 3 9 4 Pad Locks .. 8 4 1 Iron rim'd Lock with Brass Knobs .. 8 8 1 13 9 Carried Over £ 1 13 9	The account of goods sold at 40 per cent continued from the total of £8 6s 7d brought forward. The storekeeper then recorded the damaged goods sold at public auction and began the account of stores supplied to the Company's ships between 1 October and 31 December 1775. Sold at 40 per cent above cost, brought forward, £8 6s 7d Ironware Spring rat trap, 1, £0 2s 2d Large frying pans, 2, £0 12s 6d Brass locks, ½ dozen, £0 1s 3d Iron-rimmed lock with brass knobs, 1, £0 8s 8d PH hinges, 2 pairs, £0 2s 6d Total for ironware, £1 7s 1d Whited brown thread, ¼ lb, £0 4s 7d Kersey, 1½ yards, £0 2s 8d Blanket, 1, £0 16s 10d Salt, 1 bushel, £0 4s 8d Tinware Two-gallon kettle, 1, £0 3s 11d Horn lantern, 1, £0 4s 8d Total for tinware, £0 8s 7d Total sold at 40 per cent, £11 11s 0d Damaged goods sold at public auction Earthenware, close-stool pans, 2, £0 0s 6d Glassware, four-hour glasses, 3, and three-hour glass, 1, £0 0s 2d Black worsted breeches, 3 pairs, £0 1s 8d Mohair thread, 1 lb 7 oz, £0 1s 0d Shoes, girls' calimanco, 1 pair, and men's ordinary, 2 pairs, £0 0s 4d Longcloth number 6, 1 piece, £1 6s 0d Total for damaged goods, £2 7s 10d Sold to the Company's ships, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Ironware Spring rat traps, 6, £0 13s 0d Sail needles, 36, £0 3s 9d Padlocks, 4, £0 8s 4d Iron-rimmed lock with brass knobs, 1, £0 8s 8d Total for ironware, £1 13s 9d Carried forward, £1 13s 9d Interpretations The damaged goods put up for auction in December 1775 fetched only £2 7s 10d, against a book value of several pounds in the September stocktaking. Broken hourglasses went for 2d, three pairs of damaged breeches for under 2s. The Council chose auction because these goods could not be sold at the usual mark-up and would only take up space and spoil further. A public sale for ready money cleared them from the books at whatever price the island would pay, and the loss was charged to profit and loss.
384	377	1776 Brought Over £ 1 13 9 Oil Viz. 2 Gallons Linseed .. 11 .. 4 do. Train 1 3 4 ½ do. Turpentine .. 2 5 1 16 9 Nails Viz. 6 .. 6 6 .. 10 6 .. 20 6 .. 30 .. 16 2 Coals 4 Chaldron 12 1 4 £ 16 8 .. Sold to the Eagle Packet at prime Cost Oil ½ Gallon Turpentine .. 3 6 Pitch and Tar 6 lb. Rosin .. 1 .. Paint Viz. 20 lb. White Lead dry .. 5 10 26 Iron Red mixed .. 9 7 .. 15 5 £ .. 19 11 Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st October to the 31st December 1775 Arrack 43 Galls. Sundry's Doctr. Shop & Men employed in Stone 8 1 3 Tea 6 lb. Bohea Groom and Gardener .. 4 2 Sugar and Candy Viz. C. .. .. 6 Sugar Groom Garden & Doctrs. Shop .. 1 3 .. 2 .. 10 Candy 1 8 7 1 9 10 Sope C. 3 .. 11 Linen 2 9 6 Starch .. 21 do. .. 11 10 Coals 161 Bushels, Smiths Shop 9 7 10 Chelloe 4 Pieces, Castle 2 4 10 Cordage 5 lb. Well .. 1 7 Carried Over £ 24 10 4	The stores supplied to the Company's ships continued from the total of £1 13s 9d brought forward. The storekeeper then recorded stores sold to the Eagle packet and began the general charges for the quarter. Sold to the Company's ships, brought forward, £1 13s 9d Oil Linseed oil, 2 gallons, £0 11s 0d Train oil, 4 gallons, £1 3s 4d Turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 2s 5d Total for oil, £1 16s 9d Nails, six-penny, ten-penny, twenty-penny and thirty-penny, 6 lb of each, £0 16s 2d Coal, 4 chaldrons, £12 1s 4d Total sold to the Company's ships, £16 8s 0d Sold to the Eagle packet at cost Turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 3s 6d Rosin, 6 lb, £0 1s 0d Paint White lead dry, 20 lb, £0 5s 10d Venetian red ground in oil, 26 lb, £0 9s 7d Total for paint, £0 15s 5d Total sold to the Eagle packet, £0 19s 11d General charges, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Arrack for the doctor's shop, the men employed in the stores and various uses, 43 gallons, £8 1s 3d Bohea tea for the groom and gardener, 6 lb, £0 4s 2d Sugar and sugar candy for the Governor's garden and the doctor's shop Sugar, 6 lb, £0 1s 3d Sugar candy, 0 cwt 2 qr 10 lb, £1 8s 7d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £1 9s 10d Soap for washing linen, 0 cwt 3 qr 11 lb, £2 9s 6d Starch, 21 lb, £0 11s 10d Coal for the smith's shop, 161 bushels, £9 7s 10d Chelloes for the Castle, 4 pieces, £2 4s 10d Cordage for the well, 5 lb, £0 1s 7d Carried forward, £24 10s 4d Interpretations The Eagle packet bought her paint and stores at cost, without the usual mark-up of 10 per cent charged to the Company's other ships. A packet served the Company's own correspondence rather than its trade, so the Council treated her as part of the Company's service and charged her only what the goods had cost. The East Indiamen, by contrast, were chartered from private owners and paid the advance like any other customer. A ship bought four chaldrons of coal, worth more than £12 0s 0d. Coal was scarce on homeward ships after months at sea, and it was needed for the galley fires and the smith's forge aboard.
385	378	15th January Brought Over £ 24 10 4 Candles Viz. 318 Castle 210 Council 30 Chaplain 25 Doctors Shop C. 5 .. 2 .. 23 53 2 .. Oil Viz. 30 Galls. Train Castle & Council 6 4 4 1 Bottle Florence Carpr. Shop .. 2 8 6 7 .. Lead Viz. 15 lb. Sheet Lt. Govr. & Lt. Govr. Fishermen .. 2 10 18 Shott Castle .. 3 5 .. 6 3 Hooks and Lines Viz. 125 No. 7 .. 7 1 100 .. 15 Hooks .. 1 8 36 .. 2 .. 10 2 12 .. 3 Lines .. 3 11 Govr. & Lt. Govr. Fishermen 1 Bndl. Sash .. 1 3 1 Log Castle .. .. 11 1 4 .. Twine 7 Sk. Stone do. & do. .. 3 10 Haberdashery Viz. 3 Sk. Silk do. & do. .. 1 1 ½ Gro. Shirt Buttons Surplices .. .. 8 .. 1 9 Paint Viz. 8 lb. Indico .. 13 4 8 Blue Smalts Linen .. 13 10 42 Chalk Castle & Carpr. Shop .. 2 9 6 lb. Whiting Castle .. .. 2 1 10 1 Blocks 4 Double of 8 Inches Slaughtr. House .. 5 7 Canvas Viz. 4 Yards English Castle .. 4 .. 3 do. Ticklenburgs .. 2 9 .. 6 9 Ticking 12 Yards Castle .. 19 9 Carried Over £ 88 17 10	The general charges continued from the total of £24 10s 4d brought forward. Brought forward, £24 10s 4d Candles Candles for the Castle, 318 lb Candles for the Council, 210 lb Candles for the chaplain, 30 lb Candles for the doctor's shop, 25 lb Total candles, 5 cwt 0 qr 23 lb, £53 9s 0d Oil Train oil for the Castle and the Council, 30 gallons, £6 4s 4d Florence oil for the carpenter's shop, 1 bottle, £0 2s 8d Total for oil, £6 7s 0d Lead Sheet lead for the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen, 15 lb, £0 2s 10d Lead shot for the Castle, 18 lb, £0 3s 5d Total for lead, £0 6s 3d Hooks and lines Fish hooks number 7 for the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen, 125, £0 7s 1d Fish hooks number 15 for the same fishermen, 100, £0 0s 8d Fishing lines number 2 for the same fishermen, 36, £0 10s 2d Fishing lines number 3 for the same fishermen, 12, £0 3s 11d Sash line for the Castle, 1 hank, £0 1s 3d Log line for the Castle, 1, £0 0s 11d Total for hooks and lines, £1 4s 0d Twine for the stores and the same fishermen, 7 skeins, £0 3s 10d Haberdashery Silk for the stores and the same fishermen, 3 skeins, £0 1s 1d Shirt buttons for surplices, ½ gross, £0 0s 8d Total for haberdashery, £0 1s 9d Paint Indigo for linen, 8 lb, £0 13s 4d Blue smalt for linen, 8 lb, £0 13s 10d Chalk for the Castle and the carpenter's shop, 42 lb, £0 2s 9d Whiting for the Castle, 6 lb, £0 0s 2d Total for paint, £1 10s 1d Double blocks of 8 inches for the slaughterhouse, 4, £0 5s 7d Canvas English canvas for the Castle, 4 yards, £0 4s 0d Ticklenburg, 3 yards, £0 2s 9d Total for canvas, £0 6s 9d Ticking for the Castle, 12 yards, £0 19s 9d Carried forward, £88 17s 10d Interpretations Candles for the Castle and the Council came to more than 5 cwt again this quarter, at £53 9s 0d, after falling to 3½ cwt in the winter. With the Anson and the Northumberland in the road and the season of entertaining under way, the Castle burned more light in the evenings. Half a gross of shirt buttons for surplices was charged to the Company. The chaplain's white linen vestments for the island church were made and maintained at public cost, like the pall and the prayer books issued that year. The four double blocks for the slaughterhouse made a hoist for lifting carcasses. They match the larger slaughter of cattle and sheep planned for 1776 under the Council's notice of December 1775.
386	379	1776 Brought Over £ 88 17 10 Thread Viz. ½ lb. Coloured Castle .. 1 6 ½ lb. White & Brown .. 3 4 2 lb. No. 16 Surplices .. 4 5 .. 9 3 China Ware 72 Octagon Meat Plates Castle 1 16 .. Shirts Viz. 2 Pcs. Irish Diaper for Table Cloths Castle 8 11 .. 1 Pc. do. do. for Napkins 3 19 3 12 10 3 Iron Ware Viz. 2 Ash Helves .. 1 2 1 Wood Ax Castle .. 2 11 1½ Tin Tacks .. 2 8 1 Small Fryg. Pan .. 2 5 2 Sheets Emery Paper do. .. .. 2 72 Files Smiths Shop 1 10 .. 6 Bastd. Rubb. Files 1 13 .. 4 Farriers Rasps Smith Shop .. 4 1 1 Blow Pipe .. .. 11 1 Shod Shovel, Goal .. 1 9 1 Croe Stock Coopers Shop .. 1 10 4 .. 11 Turners Ware Viz. 8 Mops Castle .. 10 .. 4 Birch Brooms .. 1 8 .. 11 8 Braziers Ware 1 Door Bell Lieut. Govr. .. 3 2 Deals Viz. 1 Double Castle .. 3 5 1 Wainst. Board Bake House .. 4 .. .. 7 5 Tin Ware 1 Globe Lamp Castle .. 7 11 Pitch and Tar 18 lb. Rosin do. .. 3 5 Nails Viz. 7 .. 2 Coopers Shop .. 5 .. 12 Coopers Rivets .. 5 6 .. 10 6 £ 109 18 4	The general charges closed from the total of £88 17s 10d brought forward. Brought forward, £88 17s 10d Thread Coloured thread for the Castle, ½ lb, £0 1s 6d Whited brown thread for the Castle, ½ lb, £0 3s 4d Thread number 16 for surplices, 2 oz, £0 4s 5d Total for thread, £0 9s 3d China, octagonal meat plates for the Castle, 72, £1 16s 0d Shirts Irish diaper for tablecloths for the Castle, 2 pieces, £8 11s 0d Irish diaper for napkins for the Castle, 1 piece, £3 19s 3d Total for shirts, £12 10s 3d Ironware Ash helves for the Castle, 2, £0 1s 2d Wood axe for the Castle, 1, £0 2s 11d Tin tacks for the Castle, 1½ lb, £0 2s 8d Small frying pan for the Castle, 1, £0 2s 5d Emery paper for the Castle, 2 sheets, £0 0s 2d Files for the smith's shop, 72, £1 10s 0d Bastard rubber files for the smith's shop, 6, £1 13s 0d Farriers' rasps for the smith's shop, 4, £0 4s 1d Blowpipe for the smith's shop, 1, £0 0s 11d Shod shovel for coal, 1, £0 1s 9d Screw stock for the cooper's shop, 1, £0 1s 10d Total for ironware, £4 0s 11d Turnery for the Castle Mops, 8, £0 10s 0d Birch brooms, 4, £0 1s 8d Total for turnery, £0 11s 8d Door bell for the Lieutenant Governor, 1, £0 3s 2d Deals Double deal for the Castle, 1, £0 3s 5d Wainscot board for the bakehouse, 1, £0 4s 0d Total for deals, £0 7s 5d Globe lamp for the Castle, 1, £0 7s 11d Rosin for the Castle, 18 lb, £0 3s 5d Nails for the cooper's shop Two-penny nails, 7 lb, £0 5s 0d Coopers' rivets, 12 lb, £0 5s 6d Total for nails, £0 10s 6d Total general charges, £109 13s 4d The storekeeper's account of repairs for the quarter followed. Interpretations The Castle received new table linen worth £12 10s 3d in Irish diaper, and 72 new china meat plates. With two homeward ships calling in the last weeks of the year and the Christmas season at hand, the Governor's table was refitted to entertain their commanders and passengers. The Company bore the cost through general charges, as with the candles and lamp oil, because the Castle's hospitality was held to serve its business with the ships.
387	380	15th January Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st October to the 31st December 1775. Paint Viz. 48 lb. White Lead mixed .. 18 .. 12 Verdegrease 2 14 6 49 Whiting .. 1 1 8 Iron Red mixed Plantation House .. 3 11 1 Blue Black .. .. 11 1 White Copperas .. 1 .. 3 19 4 Deals Viz. 10 Double 1 14 .. ½ Pc. Oak Plank do. .. 17 6 2 11 6 Cordage 26 lb. do. .. 8 1 Iron 41 do. .. 6 10 Nails Viz. 6 .. 3 .. 4 2 2 .. 4 .. 1 2 6 .. 6 do. .. 4 .. 1 Plasg. Brads .. .. 11 .. 10 3 Lead C. .. 3 .. 9 Pig do. .. 14 3 Oil Viz. 7 Gallons Linseed 1 8 .. ½ do. Turpentine do. .. 3 6 1 11 6 Glass Ware Viz. 8 Squares 6 by 8 .. 2 .. 4 do. 8 by 10 .. 2 1 4 do. 10 by 12 do. .. 3 6 1 Sq. 12 by 20 .. 1 9 .. 9 4 Iron Ware Viz. 1 Iron rim'd Lock with Brs. Knobs .. 6 2 1 Pr. HL Hinges do. .. 2 11 1 Wood Ax .. 2 11 .. 12 .. Lines Viz. 1 Hambro .. 1 6 12 No. 4 do. .. 4 6 .. 6 .. £ 11 9 1	The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 October and 31 December 1775, to the repairs account. All of them went to Plantation House. Repairs, 1 October to 31 December 1775, all for Plantation House Paint White lead ground in oil, 48 lb, £0 10s 0d Verdigris, 12 lb, £2 14s 6d Whiting, 49 lb, £0 1s 1d Venetian red ground in oil, 8 lb, £0 3s 10d Blue black, 1 lb, £0 0s 11d White copperas, 1 lb, £0 1s 0d Total for paint, £3 19s 4d Deals Double deals, 10, £1 14s 0d Oak plank, ½ piece, £0 17s 1d Total for deals, £2 11s 6d Cordage, 26 lb, £0 8s 1d Iron, 41 lb, £0 6s 10d Nails Three-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 4s 2d Four-penny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 2d Six-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 4s 0d Glazing brads, 1 lb, £0 0s 11d Total for nails, £0 10s 3d Pig lead, 0 cwt 3 qr 9 lb, £0 14s 3d Oil Linseed oil, 7 gallons, £1 8s 0d Turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 3s 6d Total for oil, £1 11s 6d Glassware Window panes 6 by 8 inches, 8, £0 2s 0d Window panes 8 by 10 inches, 4, £0 2s 1d Window panes 10 by 12 inches, 4, £0 3s 6d Window pane 12 by 20 inches, 1, £0 1s 9d Total for glassware, £0 9s 4d Ironware Iron-rimmed lock with brass knobs, 1, £0 6s 2d HL hinges, 1 pair, £0 2s 11d Wood axe, 1, £0 2s 11d Total for ironware, £0 12s 0d Lines Hamburg line, 1, £0 1s 6d Fishing lines number 4, 12, £0 4s 6d Total for lines, £0 6s 0d Total repairs, £11 9s 1d Interpretations Every item of repair this quarter went to Plantation House, the Governor's country residence. The verdigris and white lead show its rooms or woodwork painted green and white, the same scheme used at the Lieutenant Governor's house in the winter. The work followed the new dairy and larder of the third quarter and preceded the wall Tippet was building from the Governor's garden to its entrance. Over 1775 the Company steadily improved its country seat.
388	381	1776 Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st October to the 31st December 1775 Flour C. 18 .. 2 .. 10 17 13 8 Arrack 120 Gallons 29 10 .. Tea Viz. 4 Cannistr. Souchon 1 9 4 8 lb. Single .. 8 8 6 Bohea .. 4 2 2 2 2 Sugar and Candy Viz. C. 2 .. .. 11 Sugar 2 12 .. 4 .. 1 .. 18 Candy 10 13 .. 13 5 .. Beef and Pork Viz. 42 Pcs. Beef 8 3 8 42 do. Pork 7 8 9 15 12 5 Salt 2½ Bushels .. 8 4 Pease ½ Bushel .. 4 5 Pepper 6 lb. .. 3 .. Oil 6 Bottles Florence .. 15 8 Rice C. 7 .. .. 19 3 9 5 Wine 106 Gallons Madeira 45 18 8 £ 122 2 9 Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st October to the 31st December 1775 Tea C. 1 .. 3 .. 15 Bohea, Barracks and Guards 6 2 8 Oil 170 Gallons Train do. do. 36 18 .. Arrack 34 Gallons Muster Drams 6 7 6 Candles C. 3 .. 14 Officers on Guard 8 18 6 Flour 36 lb. .. 5 8 Deals Viz. 7 Double Sentry & Coffins 1 3 9 12 Single 1 3 9 2 7 6 Beef and Pork Viz. 75 Pcs. Beef Deficiency in Weight 14 12 3 962 do. Pork 170 7 1 184 19 4 Carried Over £ 245 19 2	The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 October and 31 December 1775, to the diet expenses and garrison accounts. Diet expenses, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Flour, 18 cwt 2 qr 10 lb, £17 13s 8d Arrack, 120 gallons, £22 10s 0d Tea Souchong tea, 4 canisters, £1 9s 4d Singlo tea, 8 lb, £0 8s 8d Bohea tea, 6 lb, £0 4s 2d Total for tea, £2 2s 2d Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 2 cwt 1 qr 11 lb, £2 12s 0d Sugar candy, 4 cwt 1 qr 18 lb, £10 13s 0d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £13 5s 0d Beef and pork Beef, 42 pieces, £8 3s 8d Pork, 42 pieces, £7 8s 9d Total for beef and pork, £15 12s 5d Salt, 2½ bushels, £0 8s 4d Pease, ½ bushel, £0 4s 5d Pepper, 6 lb, £0 3s 0d Florence oil, 6 bottles, £0 15s 8d Rice, 7 cwt 2 qr 12 lb, £3 9s 5d Madeira wine, 106 gallons, £45 18s 8d Total diet expenses, £122 2s 9d Garrison, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Bohea tea for the barracks and guards, 1 cwt 2 qr 15 lb, £6 2s 8d Train oil for the barracks and guards, 178 gallons, £36 18s 0d Arrack for drams at muster, 34 gallons, £6 7s 6d Candles for officers on guard, 0 cwt 2 qr 14 lb, £8 18s 6d Flour, 36 lb, £0 5s 8d Deals for cots and coffins Double deals, 7, £1 3s 9d Single deals, 12, £1 3s 9d Total for deals, £2 7s 6d Beef and pork Beef, 75 pieces, £14 12s 3d Pork, 962 pieces, to make up short weight, £170 7s 1d Total for beef and pork, £184 19s 4d Carried forward, £245 19s 2d Interpretations The garrison drew 962 pieces of pork to make up short weight this quarter, almost twice the 515 pieces issued for that purpose in the second quarter. The casks being opened were the older stock, which had shrunk further in the brine, so each piece weighed less than the ration allowed. The Company again made up the full weight at its own cost. The quarter also saw 178 gallons of train oil issued to the barracks, against 101 gallons in the winter, once the stored reserve was released ahead of new supplies. The Castle table drew 106 gallons of Madeira from the Anson's pipes. With the 311 gallons sold to islanders, the six pipes that arrived in October 1775 were almost all used within three months.
389	382	15th January Brought Over £ 245 19 2 Canvas 123 Yards English, Cots 6 3 .. Twine Viz. 4 Sk. Twine do. .. 2 2 1½ lb. Cotton Wick, Guards .. 3 11 .. 6 1 Nails Viz. 29 .. 2 1 .. 7 6 .. 4 Cots & Coffins .. 3 6 1 4 1 Iron Ware Viz. 5 Ash Helves Guards .. 2 11 1 Stock Lock Barracks .. 3 1 1 Pr. HL Hinges Guard Room .. 3 .. .. 9 .. Glass Ware Viz. 29 Squares 6 by 8 Barracks .. 7 3 1 Hour Glass .. .. 8 .. 7 11 Lines 3 lb. Whip Cords .. 9 11 Haberdashery 2 Gro. Brd. Worsted Lace 1 16 8 Tin Ware 1 Horn Lanthorn, Main Guard .. 3 11 £ 256 17 9 Blacks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st October to the 31st December 1775 Rice C. 158 .. 3 .. 26 74 17 .. Beef and Pork Viz. 1540 Pcs. Beef 299 19 7 1320 Pcs. Pork 235 3 4 535 2 11 Arrack 221 Gallons 41 8 9 Sugar C. 3 .. .. 9 5 12 3 Salt 1 Bushel .. 3 4 Pepper 6 lb. .. 3 .. Sago 30 lb. .. 11 3 Sope 20 lb. .. 10 .. Chelloe ½ Piece .. 14 .. Blanket 1 .. 12 .. Oil 8 Galls. Train 1 13 2 Carried Over £ 661 7 8	The garrison account closed from the total of £245 19s 2d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the stores issued between 1 October and 31 December 1775 to the account for the Company's black slaves. Brought forward, £245 19s 2d English canvas for cots, 123 yards, £6 3s 0d Twine Twine for cots, 4 skeins, £0 2s 2d Cotton wick for the guards, 1½ lb, £0 3s 11d Total for twine, £0 6s 1d Nails for cots and coffins Two-penny nails, 29 lb, £1 0s 7d Four-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 6d Total for nails, £1 4s 1d Ironware Ash helves for the guards, 5, £0 2s 11d Stock lock for the barracks, 1, £0 3s 1d H hinges for the guard room, 1 pair, £0 3s 0d Total for ironware, £0 9s 0d Glassware Window panes 6 by 8 inches for the barracks, 29, £0 7s 3d Hourglass, 1, £0 0s 8d Total for glassware, £0 7s 11d Whipcord lines, 3 lb, £0 9s 11d Broad worsted lace, 2 gross, £1 14s 8d Horn lantern for the main guard, 1, £0 3s 11d Total for the garrison, £256 17s 9d Company's black slaves, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Rice, 152 cwt 3 qr 23 lb, £74 17s 0d Beef and pork Beef, 1,540 pieces, £299 19s 7d Pork, 1,320 pieces, £235 3s 4d Total for beef and pork, £535 2s 11d Arrack, 221 gallons, £41 8s 9d Sugar, 3 cwt 0 qr 9 lb, £5 12s 3d Salt, 1 bushel, £0 3s 4d Pepper, 6 lb, £0 3s 0d Sago, 30 lb, £0 11s 3d Soap, 20 lb, £0 10s 0d Chelloes, ½ piece, £0 14s 0d Blanket, 1, £0 12s 0d Train oil, 8 gallons, £1 13s 2d Carried forward, £661 7s 8d Interpretations The slaves' salt meat came to £535 2s 11d this quarter, the highest of the year, with more than 2,800 pieces of beef and pork issued. Yet the same quarter's livestock account showed 47,170 yams given to the slaves, four times the winter figure. The Company was feeding its slaves both more meat and more yams as the heavy work of the summer season resumed: building the new houses and the Plantation House wall, burning lime and landing cargoes from the new season's ships. The 221 gallons of arrack, the daily allowance for that labour, rose with it.
390	383	1776 Brought Over £ 661 7 8 Tea 258 lb. Bohea 8 14 5 Long Cloth 2½ Ps. No. 6 Castle Servants 2 16 .. Flour 12 lb. .. 2 3 Tin Ware Viz. 2 Lamps .. 1 5 1 Horn Lanthorn .. 3 11 .. 5 4 Kersey 2½ Yards .. 3 2 Shoes Viz. 117 Pr. Mens Ordinary 27 6 .. 48 Pr. Womens Calf Leather 6 6 .. 33 12 .. Hosiers Ware 24 Pr. Ordinary Thread Stockings 3 7 .. Thread Viz. ½ lb. Coloured .. 1 6 ½ lb. W. Brown .. 3 4 .. 4 10 Iron Pots 3 wt. 115 1 1 7 Haberdashery Viz. 7 Sk. Silk .. 2 7 12 do. Mohair Castle Servants .. 5 .. ½ Gro. Shirt Buttons .. .. 8 ½ do. Narrow Worsted Lace .. 3 .. .. 11 3 Iron Ware Viz. 1 Stock Lock .. 3 1 1 Small Fryg. Pan .. 2 5 2 Large do. Pans .. 9 1 .. 14 7 Cutlery Ware Viz. 17 Buckling Combs .. 8 2 2 Ordy. Ivory do. .. 2 3 .. 10 5 Serge Viz. 8 Yards Scarlet Castle Servants 2 4 8 30 do. Green 6 12 6 8 17 2 Canvas 6 Yards Ticklenburgs .. 5 6 Lines 1 Hambro .. 1 6 £ 722 14 8	The account for the Company's black slaves closed from the total of £661 7s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £661 7s 8d Bohea tea, 258 lb, £8 14s 5d Longcloth number 6 for the Castle servants, 2½ pieces, £2 16s 0d Flour, 12 lb, £0 2s 3d Tinware Lamps, 2, £0 1s 5d Horn lantern, 1, £0 3s 11d Total for tinware, £0 5s 4d Kersey, 2½ yards, £0 3s 2d Shoes Men's ordinary shoes, 117 pairs, £27 6s 0d Women's calf-leather shoes, 48 pairs, £6 6s 0d Total for shoes, £33 12s 0d Ordinary thread stockings, 24 pairs, £3 7s 0d Thread Coloured thread, ½ lb, £0 1s 6d Whited brown thread, ½ lb, £0 3s 4d Total for thread, £0 4s 10d Iron pots, 3, weighing 115 lb, £1 1s 7d Haberdashery for the Castle servants Silk, 7 skeins, £0 2s 7d Mohair thread, 12 skeins, £0 5s 0d Shirt buttons, ½ gross, £0 0s 8d Narrow worsted lace, ½ gross, £0 3s 0d Total for haberdashery, £0 11s 3d Ironware Stock lock, 1, £0 3s 1d Small frying pan, 1, £0 2s 5d Large frying pans, 2, £0 9s 1d Total for ironware, £0 14s 7d Cutlery Buckling combs, 17, £0 8s 2d Ordinary ivory combs, 2, £0 2s 3d Total for cutlery, £0 10s 5d Serge for the Castle servants Scarlet serge, 8 yards, £2 4s 8d Green serge, 30 yards, £6 12s 6d Total for serge, £8 17s 2d Ticklenburg canvas, 6 yards, £0 5s 6d Hamburg line, 1, £0 1s 6d Total for the Company's black slaves, £722 14s 8d The storekeeper's account for the Malays followed. Interpretations The slaves who served at the Castle were dressed in scarlet and green serge, trimmed with worsted lace, and given longcloth and silk for their clothing. These were the colours of a livery, the uniform of a great household's servants. The Governor's slave servants waited at table and attended guests, so the Company clothed them to match the Castle's standing. Field slaves on the same account received only shoes, stockings and coarse cloth. The slaves' account for the quarter reached £722 14s 8d, the highest of 1775, against £436 0s 1d in the winter quarter. Besides the extra salt meat, it included 165 pairs of shoes and 258 lb of bohea tea.
391	384	15 January Mallays Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st December 1775. Sugar and Candy Viz. C. .. 2 .. 18 Sugar .. 14 8 .. 1 .. 8 Candy .. 15 7 1 10 3 Flour C. 1 .. 22 .. 9 5 Rice 3 .. 2 .. 16 1 14 4 Sope .. 12 .. 6 .. Coffee .. 4 .. 3 4 Pepper .. 2 .. 1 .. Candles .. 30 1 16 8 Arrack 17 Gallons 3 3 9 Salt ½ Bushel .. 1 8 Twine 4 Skeins .. 2 2 Hooks 100 No. 7 .. 5 8 Haberdashery 2 Sk. Silk .. .. 9 Paint 1 lb. Indico .. 1 9 Oil 2 Bottles Florence .. 5 3 Beef 22 Pieces 4 5 9 Shoes 2 Pr. Mens Fine .. 11 .. Tea Viz. 2 lb. Congo .. 2 4 8 Bohea .. 5 6 .. 7 10 £ 16 19 11 Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st October to the 31st December 1775 Rice and Paddy Viz. 10 .. 3 .. 16 Rice Poultry, Stores, Prisoners 5 .. 1 65 .. .. 14 Paddy and Steward 14 7 7 19 7 8 Beef 17 Pieces, Steward 3 6 3 Cordage C. 1 .. 17 .. Oil Viz. 2 Gallons Train .. 8 4 ½ Galln. Turpentine Stable .. 1 9 .. 10 1 Carried Over £ 24 1 ..	The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 October and 31 December 1775, to the accounts for the Malays and the plantation. Malays, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Sugar and sugar candy Sugar, 0 cwt 2 qr 18 lb, £0 14s 8d Sugar candy, 0 cwt 1 qr 8 lb, £0 15s 7d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £1 10s 3d Flour, 0 cwt 1 qr 22 lb, £0 9s 5d Rice, 3 cwt 2 qr 16 lb, £1 14s 4d Soap, 12 lb, £0 6s 0d Coffee, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d Pepper, 2 lb, £0 1s 0d Candles, 30 lb, £1 16s 8d Arrack, 17 gallons, £3 3s 9d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 8d Twine, 4 skeins, £0 2s 2d Fish hooks number 7, 100, £0 5s 8d Silk, 2 skeins, £0 0s 9d Indigo, 1 lb, £0 1s 9d Florence oil, 2 bottles, £0 5s 3d Beef, 22 pieces, £4 5s 9d Men's fine shoes, 2 pairs, £0 11s 0d Tea Congou tea, 2 lb, £0 2s 4d Bohea tea, 8 lb, £0 5s 6d Total for tea, £0 7s 10d Total for the Malays, £16 19s 11d Plantation, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Rice and paddy for the poultry, horses and steward Rice, 10 cwt 0 qr 16 lb, £5 0s 1d Paddy, 65 cwt 0 qr 14 lb, £14 7s 7d Total for rice and paddy, £19 7s 8d Beef for the steward, 17 pieces, £3 6s 3d Cordage, 0 cwt 2 qr 0 lb, £0 17s 0d Oil for the stables Train oil, 2 gallons, £0 8s 4d Turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 1s 9d Total for oil, £0 10s 1d Carried forward, £24 1s 0d Interpretations The Malays' account fell back to £16 19s 11d this quarter, after reaching nearly £40 0s 0d in the winter quarter when their households had been furnished with china, cloth and clothing. Their issues now returned to the usual staples of food, candles, tea and arrack. The large winter outlay had been a one-off provision for settling them on the island, not a new standard. The plantation fed out 65 cwt of paddy to its poultry and horses, the largest quarterly amount of 1775. The poultry flock had grown with 32 fowls, 32 ducks and 24 turkeys bred in the quarter, and the Castle table drew heavily on it over the Christmas season.
392	385	1776 Brought Over £ 24 1 .. Iron Ware Viz. 4 Sheets Emery Paper, Stables .. .. 4 4 Scythe Stones Gardens .. .. 11 1 Rag Stone .. .. 5 2 Curry Combs and Brushes, Stables .. 3 10 1 Edging Iron, Garden .. 3 11 1 Stock Lock do. .. 3 1 1 Axletree & Winch, Long Wood .. 4 3 59 lb. Rods Iron .. 12 3 4 Spades .. 15 .. 2 Pr. Garden Shears Gardens .. 7 4 2 11 4 Lines 9 No. 4 .. 3 5 Nails Viz. 3 .. 3 .. 2 1 9 .. 4 .. 5 3 14 .. 6 Pasture Gates .. 9 4 4 .. 10 .. 1 10 .. 18 6 Cutlery Ware 15 Butchers Knives .. 5 8 Grindstone 1, Long Wood .. 3 11 Tin Ware 4 Watering Pots Gardens .. 14 4 Long Cloth 19 Yds. No. 6 Dairy .. 12 10 Chelloe 1 Pc. do. .. 11 3 Pitch and Tar 3 Gallons Tar, Carts .. 9 3 Earthen Ware 12 Milk Pans, Dairy .. 17 .. Saddlery Viz. 3 Half Curb Bridles 1 12 .. 3 Surcingles Stables .. 10 1 3 Girths .. 6 8 3 Cruppers .. 5 2 3 Saddle Cloths .. 12 .. 3 5 11 £ 34 7 5	The plantation account closed from the total of £24 1s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £24 1s 0d Ironware Emery paper for the stables, 4 sheets, £0 0s 4d Scythe stones for the gardens, 4, £0 0s 11d Rag stone for the gardens, 1, £0 0s 5d Curry combs and brushes for the stables, 2, £0 3s 10d Edging iron for the gardens, 1, £0 3s 11d Stock lock for the gardens, 1, £0 3s 1d Axletree and winch for Longwood, 1, £0 4s 3d Rod iron, 59 lb, £0 12s 3d Spades, 4, £0 15s 0d Garden shears for the gardens, 2 pairs, £0 7s 4d Total for ironware, £2 11s 4d Fishing lines number 4, 9, £0 3s 5d Nails for the pasture gates Three-penny nails, 3 lb, £0 2s 1d Four-penny nails, 9 lb, £0 5s 3d Six-penny nails, 14 lb, £0 9s 4d Ten-penny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 10d Total for nails, £0 18s 6d Butchers' knives, 15, £0 5s 8d Grindstone for Longwood, 1, £0 3s 11d Watering pots for the gardens, 4, £0 14s 4d Longcloth number 6 for the dairy, 19 yards, £0 12s 10d Chelloes for the dairy, 1 piece, £0 11s 3d Tar for the carts, 3 gallons, £0 9s 3d Milk pans for the dairy, 12, £0 17s 0d Saddlery for the stables Half-curb bridles, 3, £1 12s 0d Surcingles, 3, £0 10s 1d Girths, 3, £0 6s 8d Cruppers, 3, £0 5s 2d Saddle cloths, 3, £0 12s 0d Total for saddlery, £3 5s 11d Total for the plantation, £34 7s 5d Interpretations The new dairy at Plantation House, finished in the autumn of 1775, was now fitted out. It received twelve milk pans for setting milk to raise the cream, and longcloth and chelloes for straining milk and wrapping butter and cheese. With 102 cows in the Company's herd, the dairy could supply fresh butter to the Castle table in place of the salted Irish butter bought from the ships at £3 10s 0d a firkin. The axletree and winch for Longwood were for a well or a hauling gear on the high plateau, where the Company's best pasture lay and water had to be raised for the cattle.
393	386	15th January Hospital Dr. for the following Stores, Issued from the 1st October to the 31st December 1775 Sugar C. 3 .. 1 .. 12 3 14 3 Flour 3 .. 1 3 8 3 Rice 3 .. 1 1 10 8 Tea 41 lb. 1 8 3 Oil 17 Gallons Train 3 10 6 Salt 1¼ Bushels .. 4 2 Sago 6 lb. .. 2 3 Twine ½ Cotton Wick .. .. 8 Glass Ware 6 Sqrs. 8 by 10 .. 3 2 £ 14 2 2 Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st October to 31st December 1775 Cordage C. 3 .. .. 19 5 7 10 Leather .. 1 .. 9 Sole 1 15 .. Nails Viz. 6 .. 2 .. 4 3 2 .. 4 .. 1 2 3 .. 6 .. 2 .. 3 .. 10 .. 1 5 .. 8 10 Arrack 2½ Gallons .. 9 5 Twine 2 Skeins .. 1 1 Pitch and Tar Viz. Barrl. Galls. 1 .. Pitch 1 1 .. 1 .. 1 Tar .. 19 5 .. 34 lb. Rosin .. 6 5 2 6 10 Blocks 10 Single of 5 Inches .. 7 1 Paint Viz. 2 lb. White Lead dry .. .. 9 2 Iron Red mixed .. 1 .. 2 Barrels Blacking .. 1 .. .. 2 9 Carried Over £ 10 18 10	The storekeeper charged the following stores, issued between 1 October and 31 December 1775, to the hospital and boats accounts. Hospital, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Sugar, 3 cwt 1 qr 12 lb, £3 14s 3d Flour, 3 cwt 1 qr 0 lb, £3 8s 3d Rice, 3 cwt 1 qr 0 lb, £1 10s 8d Tea, 41 lb, £1 8s 3d Train oil, 17 gallons, £3 10s 6d Salt, 1¼ bushels, £0 4s 2d Sago, 6 lb, £0 2s 3d Cotton wick, ¼ lb, £0 0s 8d Window panes 8 by 10 inches, 6, £0 3s 2d Total for the hospital, £14 2s 2d Boats, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Cordage, 3 cwt 0 qr 19 lb, £5 7s 10d Sole leather, 0 cwt 1 qr 9 lb, £1 15s 0d Nails Two-penny nails, 6 lb, £0 4s 3d Four-penny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 2d Six-penny nails, 3 lb, £0 2s 0d Ten-penny nails, 3 lb, £0 1s 5d Total for nails, £0 8s 10d Arrack, 2½ gallons, £0 9s 5d Twine, 2 skeins, £0 1s 1d Pitch and tar Pitch, 1 barrel, £1 1s 0d Tar, 1 barrel, £0 19s 5d Rosin, 34 lb, £0 6s 5d Total for pitch and tar, £2 6s 10d Single blocks of 5 inches, 10, £0 7s 1d Paint White lead dry, 2 lb, £0 0s 9d Venetian red ground in oil, 2 lb, £0 1s 0d Blacking balls, 2, £0 1s 0d Total for paint, £0 2s 9d Carried forward, £10 18s 10d Interpretations The hospital's issues returned to plain fare this quarter, with no port wine, after the 45 gallons given to the sick in the winter. The warmer months brought fewer fevers and chest complaints in the barracks, so the surgeon had less call to prescribe wine as a restorative. The boats needed little beyond routine repairs, having been fully re-rigged and re-sailed during the two quieter quarters before.
394	387	1776 Brought Over £ 10 18 10 Oil Viz. ½ Gallon Linseed .. 2 .. 3½ Galls. Train .. 14 6 .. 16 6 Lines 2 Hambro .. 2 11 Turners Ware 3 Paint Brushes .. 1 5 Tin Ware 4 Double Sheets Tin .. 1 1 Deals Viz. 1 Double .. 3 5 1 Elm Plank 2 13 6 2 16 11 Iron Pots 1 wt. 33 lb. .. 6 .. Iron Ware 1 Large Frying Pan .. 5 6 £ 15 8 2 Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st October to the 31st December 1775 Paint Viz. 64 White Lead mixed 1 2 8 50 do. do. Dry .. 14 7 12 Blue Black Paintg. Gun Carriages &c. .. 11 .. 36 Whiting .. .. 10 2 Vermillion .. 11 1 3 .. 2 Oil Viz. 10½ Galls. Linseed do. 2 2 .. 4½ do. Train Lime Kiln .. 18 8 ½ Galln. Turpentine Gun Carriages &c. .. 3 6 1 Bottle Florence Artillery .. 2 7 3 6 9 Iron Ware Viz. 1 Wood Ax Lime Kiln .. 2 10 12 Bolt Rope Needles Lime Bags .. 1 3 .. 4 1 Thread 2 lb. Coloured Artillery .. 5 11 Twine 46 Sk. mending Lime Bags 1 4 11 Nails Viz. 9 .. 4 mendg. Wheel Barrows .. 5 3 2 .. .. .. 1 4 .. 6 7 Carried Over £ 8 [2] 5	The boats account closed from the total of £10 18s 10d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the stores issued between 1 October and 31 December 1775 to the fortifications account. Brought forward, £10 18s 10d Oil Linseed oil, ½ gallon, £0 2s 0d Train oil, 3½ gallons, £0 14s 6d Total for oil, £0 16s 6d Hamburg lines, 2, £0 2s 11d Paint brushes, 3, £0 1s 5d Sheets of double tin, 4, £0 1s 1d Deals Double deal, 1, £0 3s 5d Elm plank, 1, £2 13s 6d Total for deals, £2 16s 11d Iron pot weighing 33 lb, 1, £0 6s 0d Large frying pan, 1, £0 5s 6d Total for the boats, £15 8s 9d Fortifications, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Paint for the gun carriages White lead ground in oil, 64 lb, £1 2s 8d White lead dry, 50 lb, £0 14s 7d Blue black, 12 lb, £0 11s 0d Whiting, 36 lb, £0 0s 10d Vermilion, 2 lb, £0 11s 1d Total for paint, £3 0s 2d Oil Linseed oil for the gun carriages, 10½ gallons, £2 2s 0d Train oil for the lime kiln, 4½ gallons, £0 18s 8d Turpentine for the gun carriages, ½ gallon, £0 3s 6d Florence oil for the artillery, 1 bottle, £0 2s 7d Total for oil, £3 6s 9d Ironware Wood axe for the lime kiln, 1, £0 2s 10d Bolt-rope needles for lime bags, 12, £0 1s 3d Total for ironware, £0 4s 1d Coloured thread for the artillery, 2 lb, £0 5s 11d Twine for mending lime bags, 46 skeins, £1 4s 11d Nails for mending wheelbarrows Four-penny nails, 9 lb, £0 5s 3d Two-penny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 4d Total for nails, £0 6s 7d Carried forward, £8 8s 5d Interpretations The gun carriages were repainted this quarter with white lead, blue black and vermilion. The work followed the issue of two new carriages for eighteen-pounders in November 1775. With the dry summer months at hand, the artillery could repaint its carriages and let the paint harden before the next winter rains. Sound paint kept water out of the wood, which on an exposed island battery was the chief cause of rot.
395	388	15th January Brought Over £ 8 8 5 Turners Ware 9 Paint Brushes Paintg. Gun Carriages .. 4 4 Deals 1 Pc. Ash Plank for Kilns 3 7 8 £ 12 .. 5 Houses Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st October to the 31st December 1775. Deals Viz. 110 Double 18 13 7 57 Single 5 12 10 53 Bundles Fir Laths 2 17 9 36 do. Oak Plank 3 17 10 4 Buffers .. 14 9 1 Wainst. Board .. 4 .. 1 Elm Plank 2 13 6 1 Oak do. 3 9 10 38 4 1 Nails Viz. 162 .. 2 5 14 9 76 .. 3 2 12 3 88 .. 4 2 11 4 32 .. 6 1 1 4 366 .. 10 8 7 9 40 .. 20 .. 15 .. 40 .. 30 .. 15 .. 20 .. 40 .. 7 1 8 Plasg. Brads .. 6 10 22 11 4 Iron Ware Viz. 6 Masons Beach Mallets .. 11 3 8 Bricklayers Trowels .. 10 4 7 Pr. HL Hinges 1 .. 7 2 Pr. X Garnets Hinges .. 11 6 1 Cupboard Lock .. 3 .. 3 Street Door do. 2 7 3 3 Iron rim'd do. with Pullbacks .. 12 5 6 Stock Lock .. 18 6 6 14 10 Carried Over £ 67 10 3	The fortifications account closed from the total of £8 8s 5d brought forward. The storekeeper then charged the stores issued between 1 October and 31 December 1775 to the account for the new houses. Brought forward, £8 8s 5d Paint brushes for painting the gun carriages, 9, £0 4s 4d Ash plank for the lime kilns, 1 piece, £3 7s 8d Total for fortifications, £12 0s 5d New houses, 1 October to 31 December 1775 Deals Double deals, 110, £18 13s 7d Single deals, 57, £5 12s 10d Fir laths, 53 bundles, £2 17s 9d Oak laths, 36 bundles, £3 17s 10d [...], 4, £0 14s 9d Wainscot board, 1, £0 4s 0d Elm plank, 1, £2 13s 6d Oak plank, 1, £3 9s 10d Total for deals, £38 4s 1d Nails Two-penny nails, 162 lb, £5 14s 9d Three-penny nails, 76 lb, £2 12s 3d Four-penny nails, 88 lb, £2 11s 4d Six-penny nails, 32 lb, £1 1s 4d Ten-penny nails, 366 lb, £8 7s 9d Twenty-penny nails, 40 lb, £0 15s 0d Thirty-penny nails, 40 lb, £0 15s 0d Forty-penny nails, 20 lb, £0 7s 1d Glazing brads, 8 lb, £0 6s 10d Total for nails, £22 11s 4d Ironware Masons' beech mallets, 6, £0 11s 3d Bricklayers' trowels, 8, £0 10s 4d HL hinges, 7 pairs, £1 0s 7d Cross-garnet hinges, 2 pairs, £0 11s 6d Cupboard lock, 1, £0 3s 0d Locks for street doors, 3, £2 7s 3d Iron-rimmed locks with pull-back latches, 3, £0 12s 5d Stock locks, 6, £0 18s 6d Total for ironware, £6 14s 10d Carried forward, £67 10s 3d Interpretations The houses were nearing completion. The quarter brought 89 bundles of laths for plastering the walls and ceilings, more than a hundredweight of the small two-penny nails used to fix them, and the glazing brads that held the window glass. Three locks for street doors went in, one for the front door of each house, together with cupboard locks, hinges and stock locks for the inner doors. These finishing fittings show the three houses being made ready for the officers who had waited for them since the Council allotted them in June 1775.
396	389	1776 Brought Over £ 67 10 3 Oil Viz. 10 Gallons Linseed 2 .. .. 2½ do. Train .. 10 5 ¼ do. Turpentine .. 1 9 2 12 9 Paint Viz. 212 Whiting .. 4 8 24 White Lead mixed .. 8 6 30 do. do. Dry .. 8 9 20 Iron Red mixed .. 9 7 1 Barrel Blacking .. .. 6 1 12 .. Glass Ware Viz. 368 Sqrs. 8 by 10 9 11 8 194 do. 10 by 12 8 6 9 24 do. 10 by 14 1 13 .. 6 do. 12 by 20 .. 10 2 20 1 7 Lines 36 No. 4 .. 13 4 Iron and Steel Viz. 10 .. 3 .. 23 Iron 9 15 4 .. .. 1 .. 21 Steel .. 17 4 10 12 8 Lead Viz. C. .. 1 .. 22 Sheet .. 9 5 2 .. 2 .. 2 Pig 2 3 .. 2 12 5 Turners Ware Viz. 5 Plaistr. Brushes .. 8 10 6 Paint do. .. 2 11 1 Birch Broom .. .. 5 .. 12 2 Cart Wheels 3 Wheel Barrows 2 6 3 £ 108 12 10 St. Helena 31st December 1775 Errors Excepted (Signed) Jonn. Doveton Storekeeper	The account for the new houses closed from the total of £67 10s 3d brought forward. Brought forward, £67 10s 3d Oil Linseed oil, 10 gallons, £2 0s 0d Train oil, 2½ gallons, £0 10s 5d Turpentine, ¼ gallon, £0 1s 9d Total for oil, £2 12s 2d Paint Whiting, 212 lb, £0 4s 8d White lead ground in oil, 24 lb, £0 8s 6d White lead dry, 30 lb, £0 8s 9d Venetian red ground in oil, 20 lb, £0 9s 7d Blacking ball, 1, £0 0s 6d Total for paint, £1 12s 0d Glassware Window panes 8 by 10 inches, 368, £9 11s 8d Window panes 10 by 12 inches, 194, £8 6s 9d Window panes 10 by 14 inches, 24, £1 13s 0d Window panes 12 by 20 inches, 6, £0 10s 2d Total for glassware, £20 1s 7d Fishing lines number 4, 36, £0 13s 4d Iron and steel Iron, 10 cwt 3 qr 23 lb, £9 15s 4d Steel, 0 cwt 1 qr 21 lb, £0 17s 4d Total for iron and steel, £10 12s 8d Lead Sheet lead, 0 cwt 1 qr 22 lb, £0 9s 5d Pig lead, 2 cwt 2 qr 2 lb, £2 3s 0d Total for lead, £2 12s 5d Turnery Plasterers' brushes, 5, £0 8s 10d Paint brushes, 6, £0 2s 11d Birch broom, 1, £0 0s 5d Total for turnery, £0 12s 2d Wheelbarrows, 3, £2 6s 3d Total for the new houses, £108 12s 10d Jonathan Doveton signed the collection as storekeeper at St Helena on 31 December 1775, subject to correction of any errors. Interpretations The new houses took nearly 600 panes of window glass this quarter, at a cost of more than £20 0s 0d. Most were the standard 8 by 10 inch panes for sash windows, which fitted the ready-made sashes shipped out in cases and listed in the September 1775 inventory. Glazing was one of the last stages before the houses could be lived in. The new houses had cost more than £100 0s 0d in stores in every quarter of 1775, besides the wages and the powder used for blasting. That made them the most expensive single work the Company carried out on the island that year.
397	390	15th January List of the Honble. Company's Officers and Servants upon the Island of St. Helena, with their several Salary's, Diet Money &c. for the Quarter ending the 31st December 1775. John Skottowe Esqr. Governor 150 .. .. do. Allowance for Servants 31 14 9 181 14 9 Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor 62 10 .. do. Diet Money 25 .. .. 87 10 .. Matthew Bazett Esqr. of Council 22 10 .. do. Accountant 27 10 .. do. Diet Money 15 .. .. 65 .. .. William Wrangham Esqr. of Council 10 .. .. do. Diet Money 15 .. .. do. House Rent 2 10 .. do. Assistant to the Governor 10 .. .. do. Paymaster 27 10 .. 65 .. .. Roberts Carr Chaplain 55 .. .. Jonathan Doveton Storekeeper 27 10 .. do. Diet Money 15 .. .. do. House Rent 2 10 .. 45 .. .. Robt. Alexander Wright Secretary 27 10 .. do. Diet Money 15 .. .. 42 10 .. James Tippet Engineer 50 .. .. John Goodwin Factor 12 10 .. do. Diet Money 10 .. .. do. House Rent 2 10 .. do. Collector of the Customs 12 10 .. 37 10 .. James Desfountain Factor 12 10 .. do. Diet Money 10 .. .. do. House Rent 2 10 .. do. Assistt. Storekeeper 5 .. .. 30 .. .. Carried Over £ 659 4 9	The Company's officers and servants on St Helena drew the following salaries, diet money and allowances for the quarter ending 31 December 1775. List of the Company's officers and servants and their pay, quarter ending 31 December 1775 John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d Total for John Skottowe, £181 14s 9d Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d Total for Daniel Corneille, £87 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, member of Council, salary, £22 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, accountant, £27 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for Matthew Bazett, £65 0s 0d William Wrangham, member of Council, salary, £10 0s 0d William Wrangham, diet money, £15 0s 0d William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d William Wrangham, assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d William Wrangham, paymaster, £27 10s 0d Total for William Wrangham, £65 0s 0d Robartes Carr, chaplain, £55 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £15 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Jonathan Doveton, £45 0s 0d Britannicus Alexander Wright, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d Britannicus Alexander Wright, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for Britannicus Alexander Wright, £42 10s 0d James Tippet, engineer, £50 0s 0d John Goodwin, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d John Goodwin, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Goodwin, house rent, £2 10s 0d John Goodwin, collector of customs, £12 10s 0d Total for John Goodwin, £37 10s 0d James Desfountain, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d James Desfountain, assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d Total for James Desfountain, £30 0s 0d Carried forward, £659 4s 9d Interpretations The senior officials' pay did not change in a single figure across the four quarters of 1775. William Wrangham still drew £2 10s 0d in house rent, since the new house allotted to him was not yet finished. Through the year his official pay of £65 0s 0d a quarter came to £260 0s 0d, a small part of the more than £2,700 0s 0d he sent home in bills between June and October 1775. The fixed salaries set by the Court were never the main source of the island officials' incomes.
398	391	1776 Brought Over £ 659 4 9 Willm. Webber Doveton Factor 12 10 .. do. Diet Money 10 .. .. do. House Rent 2 10 .. 25 .. .. Robt. Leech Writer 7 10 .. do. Diet Money 10 .. .. do. House Rent 2 10 .. do. Clerk of the Works 6 16 10½ 26 16 10½ John Doveton Writer 7 10 .. do. Diet Money 10 .. .. do. House Rent 2 10 .. 20 .. .. Nathaniel Kennedy Writer 7 10 .. do. Diet Money 10 .. .. do. House Rent 2 10 .. 20 .. .. John Congreve Judge Advocate 12 10 .. do. Schoolmaster 7 10 .. do. House Rent 2 10 .. 22 10 .. Thomas Stroud Surgeon 19 15 .. do. Diet Money 10 .. .. do. House Rents 2 10 .. 32 5 .. David Hay Assist. Surgeon 13 15 .. do. Diet Money 10 .. .. 23 15 .. Philip Mahoney Clk. of the Peace 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 .. 36 14 4½ George Lamb Steward 7 10 .. do. Overseeing the Bakg. House 3 .. .. 10 10 .. Thomas Bazett Superintt. of the Works 25 .. .. Solomon St. Maurice Master at Arms 6 5 .. Samuel Alexander Overseer 7 10 .. John Worrall do. 15 .. .. John Robinson Carpenter 25 .. .. Simon Whaley do. Mate 12 10 .. Henry Wingfield Mason Mate 20 .. .. John Daniels do. Apprentice 12 10 .. Carried Over £ 1000 11 ..	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £659 4s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £659 4s 9d William Webber Doveton, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d William Webber Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d William Webber Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Webber Doveton, £25 0s 0d Robert Leech, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d Robert Leech, diet money, £10 0s 0d Robert Leech, house rent, £2 10s 0d Robert Leech, clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d Total for Robert Leech, £26 16s 10½d John Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d John Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Doveton, £20 0s 0d Nathaniel Kennedy, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d Nathaniel Kennedy, diet money, £10 0s 0d Nathaniel Kennedy, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Nathaniel Kennedy, £20 0s 0d John Congreve, judge advocate, salary, £12 10s 0d John Congreve, schoolmaster, £7 10s 0d John Congreve, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Congreve, £22 10s 0d Thomas Stroud, surgeon, salary, £19 15s 0d Thomas Stroud, diet money, £10 0s 0d Thomas Stroud, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Stroud, £32 5s 0d David Kay, assistant surgeon, salary, £13 15s 0d David Kay, diet money, £10 0s 0d Total for David Kay, £23 15s 0d Philip Mahoney, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 7s 6d Philip Mahoney, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Philip Mahoney, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Philip Mahoney, £36 14s 4½d George Lambe, steward, £7 10s 0d George Lambe, overseeing the bakehouse, £3 0s 0d Total for George Lambe, £10 10s 0d Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d Samuel Alexander, overseer, £7 10s 0d John Worrall, overseer, £15 0s 0d John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d Simon Whaley, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d Henry Wingfield, mason's mate, £20 0s 0d John Daniels, mason's apprentice, £12 10s 0d Carried forward, £1,000 11s 0d Interpretations Thomas Stroud's salary stood unchanged at £19 15s 0d. In July 1775 he had asked the Court of Directors for a rise to make up for the private fees he expected to lose once David Kay was allowed private practice. No answer had yet come from London, so the Council could only go on paying the old rate. Kay drew his full salary and diet money for the whole quarter as a civilian surgeon.
399	392	15 January Brought Over £ 1000 11 .. Joseph Sager Armourer 15 .. .. Joseph Griffiths Cooper 15 .. .. James Carmichael Gardener 10 .. .. John Price Marshal and Goaler 7 10 .. Isaac Clark Groom 2 .. .. John Joyce Clock & Instrumt. Cleaner 1 5 .. John Hing Patroon 7 10 .. Thos. Yates Clerk of the Parish 6 10 .. The Drum Major Instructg. young Drummers 1 .. .. Hugh Jones Superintt. of the Blacks 10 .. .. John Scott Riegestermaster 10 .. .. First Company Viz. Daniel Corneille Captain 59 6 3 Charles Ross Steward Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 .. do. Adjutant 18 5 .. 54 19 4½ James Elgin Lieutenant 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 34 4 4½ Richard Knipe Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 34 4 4½ Willm. Roberts Town Adjutant 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 .. 36 14 4½ John Leech Cadet 7 13 4 Sergeants Viz. James Mannaton 7 13 4 Abraham Jarvis 7 13 4 Andrew Alexander 7 13 4 Willm. Hardie 7 13 4 John Potts 7 13 4 George Roe 7 13 4 46 .. .. Carried Over £ 1357 8 1	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued from the total of £1,000 11s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,000 11s 0d Joseph Seager, armourer, £15 0s 0d Joseph Griffiths, cooper, £15 0s 0d James Carmichael, gardener, £10 0s 0d John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d Isaac Clark, groom, £2 0s 0d John Joyce, clock and instrument cleaner, £1 5s 0d John King, patron of the longboat, £7 10s 0d Thomas Yates, parish clerk, £6 10s 0d The drum major, for training the young drummers, £1 0s 0d Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d John Scott, register master, £10 0s 0d First Company Daniel Corneille, captain, £59 6s 3d Charles Ross Stewart, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Charles Ross Stewart, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Charles Ross Stewart, house rent, £2 10s 0d Charles Ross Stewart, adjutant, £18 5s 0d Total for Charles Ross Stewart, £54 19s 4½d James Elgin, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d James Elgin, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for James Elgin, £34 4s 4½d Richard Knipe, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Richard Knipe, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Richard Knipe, £34 4s 4½d William Roberts, town adjutant, salary, £27 7s 6d William Roberts, diet money, £6 16s 10½d William Roberts, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Roberts, £36 14s 4½d John Leech, cadet, £7 13s 4d Sergeants James Mannaton, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Abraham Lewis, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Andrew Alexander, sergeant, £7 13s 4d William Hardie, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Potts, sergeant, £7 13s 4d George Roe, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £46 0s 0d Carried forward, £1,357 8s 1d Interpretations Hugh Jones drew his full £10 0s 0d as superintendent of the slaves for the quarter, even though he had been sent to gaol in early November 1775 on a charge of assault and battery. The Council had replaced him only as constable, an office he could not exercise while under charge. His Company post was left unfilled and his pay kept running until the quarterly court decided his case. A man could not be punished in his pay before he had been tried and convicted.
400	393	1776 Brought Over £ 1359 8 1 Corporals Viz. John Desbrough 5 7 4 Jonn. Bartlett 5 7 4 Willm. Warner 5 7 4 William Gealby 5 7 4 James McShane 5 7 4 John Gazell 5 7 4 32 4 .. Drummers Viz. John Trevitts 5 7 4 Richard Platfoot 5 7 4 George Watts 5 7 4 16 2 .. Private Viz. Richard Ashton 3 16 8 John Attwood 3 16 8 Edward Allridge 3 16 8 Timothy Bryon 3 16 8 Willm. Benson 3 16 8 Richd. Broom 3 16 8 Thomas Berwick 3 16 8 Joseph Beecham 3 16 8 Joseph Battesham 3 16 8 John Baker 3 16 8 Edward Banks 3 16 8 Thomas Hendcock 3 16 8 John Bull 3 16 8 Edward Brocklebank 3 16 8 Patrick Conna 3 16 8 John Charlton 3 16 8 Wm. Coppin 3 16 8 Ralph Clewing 3 16 8 Richard Craggs 3 16 8 Peter Chapman 3 16 8 Richard Cook 3 16 8 James Crookshanks 3 16 8 Thomas Close 3 16 8 John Davies 3 16 8 John Dove 3 16 8 James Drake 3 16 8 John Ellis 3 16 8 Private Carried Over £ 103 10 .. Carried Over £ 1407 14 1	The list of the First Company continued from the total of £1,359 8s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,359 8s 1d Corporals John Desbrough, corporal, £5 7s 4d Jonathan Bartlett, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Warner, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Goalby, corporal, £5 7s 4d James McShane, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Gazell, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £32 4s 0d Drummers John Turner, drummer, £5 7s 4d Richard Halford, drummer, £5 7s 4d George Watts, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £16 2s 0d Privates Richard Ashton, private, £3 16s 8d John Atwood, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Aldridge, private, £3 16s 8d Timothy Bryan, private, £3 16s 8d William Brown, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Brown, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Beswick, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Buchan, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Bottesham, private, £3 16s 8d John Baker, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Banks, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hendrick, private, £3 16s 8d John Bull, private, £3 16s 8d John Brocklebank, private, £3 16s 8d Patrick Conner, private, £3 16s 8d John Charlton, private, £3 16s 8d William Coppin, private, £3 16s 8d Ralph Cheeney, private, £3 16s 8d William Craig, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Chapman, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Cook, private, £3 16s 8d James Crookshanks, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Close, private, £3 16s 8d John Davis, private, £3 16s 8d John Dove, private, £3 16s 8d James Drake, private, £3 16s 8d John Ellis, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £103 10s 0d Carried forward, £1,407 14s 1d
401	394	15th January Brought Over £ 1407 14 1 Private brought Over £ 103 10 .. Willm. Edwards 3 16 8 Wm. Fisher 3 16 8 John Frake 3 16 8 Stephen Ferris 3 16 8 Willm. Greenwood 3 16 8 John Griffiths 3 16 8 Willm. Gosford 3 16 8 John Houston 3 16 8 Philip Hayes 3 16 8 Edward Hayes 3 16 8 Thos. Hinching to 13 Novr. 1 16 8 Bernard Harlin 3 16 8 John Johnson 3 16 8 Franl. Ives 3 16 8 Franl. Jones 3 16 8 Thomas Love 3 16 8 Patrick Lynch 3 16 8 Michl. Lenard 3 16 8 Duncan McLeon 3 16 8 Wm. Mumford 3 16 8 Wm. Mudge 3 16 8 John McAllister 3 16 8 Michl. McNamara 3 16 8 Peter Moffatt 3 16 8 Dan. Morgan 3 16 8 Duncan McNaughton 3 16 8 Richd. Nichols 3 16 8 James Neale 3 16 8 Willm. Page 3 16 8 Charles Pollster 3 16 8 Richard Palmer 3 16 8 Alexr. Paxton 3 16 8 Wm. Pruitt 3 16 8 John Pogle 3 16 8 Wm. Robinson 3 16 8 Thos. Rogers 3 16 8 Anthy. Reynolds 3 16 8 John Revell 3 16 8 Wm. Swaby 3 16 8 Private Carried Over £ 251 .. .. Carried Over £ 1407 14 1	The list of privates in the First Company continued from a subtotal of £103 10s 0d, with the general total of £1,407 14s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,407 14s 1d Privates brought forward, £103 10s 0d William Edwards, private, £3 16s 8d William Fisher, private, £3 16s 8d John Feebe, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Faries, private, £3 16s 8d William Greenwood, private, £3 16s 8d John Griffiths, private, £3 16s 8d William Gosford, private, £3 16s 8d John Houston, private, £3 16s 8d Philip Hayes, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Hayes, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hutching, private, to 13 November 1775, £1 16s 8d Bernard Harter, private, £3 16s 8d John Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Ives, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Jones, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Love, private, £3 16s 8d Patrick Lynch, private, £3 16s 8d Michael Leonard, private, £3 16s 8d Duncan McLaren, private, £3 16s 8d William Munford, private, £3 16s 8d William Mudge, private, £3 16s 8d John McAllister, private, £3 16s 8d Michael McNamara, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Moffatt, private, £3 16s 8d Daniel Morgan, private, £3 16s 8d Duncan McNaughton, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Nichols, private, £3 16s 8d James Neale, private, £3 16s 8d William Page, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Pilliter, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Palmer, private, £3 16s 8d Alexander Paxton, private, £3 16s 8d William Pevett, private, £3 16s 8d John Pugle, private, £3 16s 8d William Robinson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Rogers, private, £3 16s 8d Anthony Reynolds, private, £3 16s 8d John Revill, private, £3 16s 8d William Swaby, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £251 0s 0d Carried forward, £1,407 14s 1d Interpretations Thomas Hutching's pay ended on 13 November 1775, the day the Council's minutes recorded his death. He had been one of the privates who drew pay through every quarter of the year, and his account was closed to the day like every other death in the garrison.
402	395	1776 Brought Over £ 1407 14 1 Private brought over £ 251 .. .. Joseph Story 3 16 8 James Snell 3 16 8 Willm. Smelt 3 16 8 Gregory Sutherwood 3 16 8 John Small 3 16 8 Wm. Sommerville 3 16 8 Willm. Seale 3 16 8 John Tantony 3 16 8 Thomas Townsend 3 16 8 John Taylor 3 16 8 Willm. Taylor 3 16 8 George Thomas 3 16 8 Benjn. Wren 3 16 8 Geo. Wall 3 16 8 Barthw. Welch 3 16 8 John Walters 3 16 8 Henry Wood 3 16 8 John Waterfield 3 16 8 Edward Wickenden 3 16 8 Wm. Westbury 3 16 8 Robt. Wright 3 16 8 Wm. Welders 3 16 8 Wm. Webb 3 16 8 Thos. Windall 343 .. .. Second Company Viz. James Greentree Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 .. 36 14 4½ John Bazett Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 .. 36 14 4½ Arthur Upton Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 34 4 4½ Carried Over £ 1858 7 2½ Margin Notes: 100	The list of privates in the First Company ended, and the Second Company began, from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £1,407 14s 1d Privates brought forward, £251 0s 0d Joseph Stacey, private, £3 16s 8d James Snell, private, £3 16s 8d William Smelt, private, £3 16s 8d Gregory Southerwood, private, £3 16s 8d John Small, private, £3 16s 8d William Sommerville, private, £3 16s 8d William Seale, private, £3 16s 8d John Stanton, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Townsend, private, £3 16s 8d John Taylor, private, £3 16s 8d William Taylor, private, £3 16s 8d George Thomas, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Wise, private, £3 16s 8d George Wall, private, £3 16s 8d Bartholomew Welch, private, £3 16s 8d John Walters, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Wood, private, £3 16s 8d John Waterfield, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Wickendon, private, £3 16s 8d William Westbury, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Wright, private, £3 16s 8d William Wilders, private, £3 16s 8d William Webb, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Windall, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates, £343 0s 0d Second Company James Greentree, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d James Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d James Greentree, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Greentree, £36 14s 4½d John Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Arthur Upton, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Arthur Upton, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Arthur Upton, £34 4s 4½d Carried forward, £1,858 7s 2½d Interpretations The Second Company still had no captain at the end of 1775. Henry Bazett had sailed for England on 8 May 1775 to bring his daughter home, and the Council kept his post open in line with its promise to support his return with his rank. For more than seven months the company was led by its three lieutenants. The saving of a captain's £59 6s 3d a quarter was the price of keeping faith with an officer of 23 years' service.
403	396	15th January Brought Over £ 1858 7 2½ Sergeants Viz. Franl. Seale 7 13 4 Willm. Wills 7 13 4 Joseph McCartney 7 13 4 John Sheens 7 13 4 Wm. Carter 7 13 4 Mark Trueman 7 13 4 46 .. .. Corporals Viz. Henry Batchelder 5 7 4 Robt. Withers 5 7 4 John Richards 5 7 4 Geo. Clary 5 7 4 John Tennell 5 7 4 Henry Yates 5 7 4 32 4 .. Drummers Viz. Benjn. Seale 5 7 4 John Wyvill 5 7 4 10 14 8 Private Viz. Timothy Atherton 3 16 8 John Ash 3 16 8 Danl. Bye 3 16 8 Chas. Bowers 3 16 8 Andw. Boswell 3 16 8 John Cunningham 3 16 8 John Coffee 3 16 8 Jeremy Clamp 3 16 8 George Chapman 3 16 8 Wm. Drinnan 3 16 8 Danl. Duce 3 16 8 Wm. Davis 3 16 8 Peter Ellam 3 16 8 James Every 3 16 8 Jonah Edwards 3 16 8 Wm. Fulliwood 3 16 8 John Fellows 3 16 8 Richard Fox 3 16 8 John Griesole 3 16 8 Robt. Green 3 16 8 Private Carried over £ 76 13 4 Carried Over £ 1947 5 10½	The list of the Second Company continued from the total of £1,858 7s 2½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,858 7s 2½d Sergeants Francis Seale, sergeant, £7 13s 4d William Wells, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Joseph McCartney, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Stevens, sergeant, £7 13s 4d William Carter, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Mark Tyeman, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £46 0s 0d Corporals Henry Batchelder, corporal, £5 7s 4d Robert Withers, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Richards, corporal, £5 7s 4d George Clancy, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Terrell, corporal, £5 7s 4d Henry Yates, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £32 4s 0d Drummers Benjamin Seale, drummer, £5 7s 4d John Wyatt, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Privates Timothy Allaster, private, £3 16s 8d John Ash, private, £3 16s 8d David Bye, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Bruce, private, £3 16s 8d Andrew Boswell, private, £3 16s 8d John Cunningham, private, £3 16s 8d John Coffee, private, £3 16s 8d Fanning Clamp, private, £3 16s 8d George Chapman, private, £3 16s 8d William Drinnan, private, £3 16s 8d Daniel Duce, private, £3 16s 8d William Davis, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Ellam, private, £3 16s 8d James Every, private, £3 16s 8d Jonah Edwards, private, £3 16s 8d William Fulwood, private, £3 16s 8d John Fellows, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Fox, private, £3 16s 8d John Gorsch, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Green, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £76 13s 4d Carried forward, £1,947 5s 10½d
404	397	1776 Brought Over £ 1947 5 10½ Private brought Over £ 76 13 4 Thomas Griffiths 3 16 8 Josiah Gentleman 3 16 8 Wm. Graysmith 3 16 8 Samuel Hiles 3 16 8 Charles Holloway 3 16 8 John Holbrook 3 16 8 James Hudson 3 16 8 John Ham 3 16 8 Robt. Hardie 3 16 8 John Haynge 3 16 8 Geo. Hatch 3 16 8 Edward Hughes 3 16 8 John Holgate 3 16 8 Willm. Hinden 3 16 8 Jacob Hiram 3 16 8 John Hughes 3 16 8 Thos. Hart 3 16 8 Hendk. Hoffstad 3 16 8 Saml. Instone 3 16 8 Wm. Johnson 3 16 8 John James 3 16 8 Richard Jerram 3 16 8 Andrew Jacalcomb 3 16 8 Arthur Jennings 3 16 8 Henry Kirkham 3 16 8 John King 3 16 8 Thos. Little 3 16 8 Thos. Lee 3 16 8 James Laddy 3 16 8 Thomas Lambley 3 16 8 Charles Lockstone 3 16 8 John Morris 3 16 8 John McCullen 3 16 8 Peter Mahan 3 16 8 Joseph Miller 3 16 8 Thomas Mintle 3 16 8 Isaac Murket 3 16 8 James Maloney 3 16 8 Patrick McLauchlan 3 16 8 Reeves Osborne 3 16 8 Private Carried Over £ 230 .. .. Carried Over £ 1947 5 10½	The list of privates in the Second Company continued from a subtotal of £76 13s 4d, with the general total of £1,947 5s 10½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,947 5s 10½d Privates brought forward, £76 13s 4d Thomas Griffiths, private, £3 16s 8d Josiah Gentleman, private, £3 16s 8d William Gunswick, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Hiles, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Holloway, private, £3 16s 8d John Holebrook, private, £3 16s 8d James Hudson, private, £3 16s 8d John Ham, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Hardie, private, £3 16s 8d John Haynge, private, £3 16s 8d George Hatch, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Hughes, private, £3 16s 8d John Heigate, private, £3 16s 8d William Hinden, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Horam, private, £3 16s 8d John Hughes, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hart, private, £3 16s 8d Hendrick Hoffstall, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Instone, private, £3 16s 8d William Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d John James, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Ingram, private, £3 16s 8d Andrew Isacomb, private, £3 16s 8d Arthur Jennings, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Kirkham, private, £3 16s 8d John King, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Little, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Lee, private, £3 16s 8d James Liddy, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Lambley, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Lockstone, private, £3 16s 8d John Morris, private, £3 16s 8d John McCullen, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Mahan, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Miller, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Minith, private, £3 16s 8d Isaac Mushett, private, £3 16s 8d James Maloney, private, £3 16s 8d Patrick McLauchlin, private, £3 16s 8d Reeves Osborne, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £230 0s 0d Carried forward, £1,947 5s 10½d
405	398	15 January Brought Over £ 1947 5 10½ Private brought Over £ 230 .. .. Jacob Peter 3 16 8 Wm. Paddone 3 16 8 Richd. Page 3 16 8 John Phillips 3 16 8 Simon Pick 3 16 8 Hans Peter 3 16 8 John Roberts 3 16 8 Saml. Reddick 3 16 8 Robt. Rattle 3 16 8 John Chrisn. Strip 3 16 8 Fredk. Shiffer 3 16 8 John Salisbury 3 16 8 James Stone 3 16 8 Thos. Smith 3 16 8 Baptista Tibbet 3 16 8 Benjn. Thomas 3 16 8 Ralph Tidman 3 16 8 John Vaughan 3 16 8 Richard White 3 16 8 John Waters 3 16 8 Wm. Warrin 3 16 8 James Wells 3 16 8 James Willson 3 16 8 Thos. Watts 3 16 8 Thos. Chankley 3 16 8 Thos. Harrison 3 16 8 John Eames 3 16 8 Wm. Jones 3 16 8 Lewin Rawson 3 16 8 Peter Roberts 3 16 8 345 .. .. Third Company Viz. John Howard Captain 59 6 3 Samuel Desfountain Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 .. 36 14 4½ Carried Over £ 2388 6 6 Margin Notes: 10	The list of privates in the Second Company ended, and the Third Company began, from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £1,947 5s 10½d Privates brought forward, £230 0s 0d Jacob Peters, private, £3 16s 8d William Paddon, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Page, private, £3 16s 8d John Phillips, private, £3 16s 8d Simon Peck, private, £3 16s 8d Hans Peter, private, £3 16s 8d John Roberts, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Reddish, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Rattle, private, £3 16s 8d John Christian Ruff, private, £3 16s 8d Frederick Sheffer, private, £3 16s 8d John Salisbury, private, £3 16s 8d James Stone, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Smith, private, £3 16s 8d Baptista Sibbet, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Thomas, private, £3 16s 8d Ralph Tidman, private, £3 16s 8d John Vaughan, private, £3 16s 8d Richard White, private, £3 16s 8d John Walters, private, £3 16s 8d William Warren, private, £3 16s 8d James Wells, private, £3 16s 8d James Willson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Watts, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Chankley, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Harrison, private, £3 16s 8d John Eames, private, £3 16s 8d William Jones, private, £3 16s 8d Owen Raccoon, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Roberts, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates, £345 0s 0d Third Company John Howard, captain, £59 6s 3d Samuel Desfountain, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Samuel Desfountain, £36 14s 4½d Carried forward, £2,388 6s 6d Interpretations The Second Company's privates served the full quarter without a single death, discharge or change of rank. Ninety privates drew the same £3 16s 8d each. The re-enlistment bounties of March and May 1775 had kept the company's seasoned men in service, and the cool, healthy months at the turn of the year brought none of the deaths that had thinned other companies.
406	399	1776 Brought Over £ 2388 6 6 Robt. Purling Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 .. 36 14 4½ Sergeants Viz. John Terry Sergt. Major 12 5 4 John Deale 7 13 4 Thos. Kebach 7 13 4 James Yourd 7 13 4 George Spiman 7 13 4 John Anderson 7 13 4 50 12 .. Corporals Viz. Richard Pearce 5 7 4 John Johnson 5 7 4 Joseph Wrights 5 7 4 James Roberts 5 7 4 Stephen Trueman 5 7 4 Thos. Williams 5 7 4 32 4 .. Drummers Viz. James Moyce 5 7 4 Robt. Terrell 5 7 4 10 14 8 Private Viz. John Allen 3 16 8 Wm. Ashfield 3 16 8 Joseph Blackwell 3 16 8 Wm. Blackman 3 16 8 Thos. Bailey 3 16 8 Richard Bickerstaff 3 16 8 Wm. Caleb Baldison 3 16 8 Jeremiah Butcher 3 16 8 John Bates 3 16 8 Robt. Buckles 3 16 8 John Broad 3 16 8 Wm. Bicknell 3 16 8 Wm. Blake 3 16 8 Caleb Broadway 3 16 8 John Brown 3 16 8 Private Carried Over £ 57 10 .. Carried Over £ 2518 11 6½	The list of the Third Company continued from the total of £2,388 6s 6d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,388 6s 6d Robert Girling, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Robert Girling, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Robert Girling, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Girling, £36 14s 4½d Sergeants John Terry, sergeant major, £12 5s 4d John Veale, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Pilcock, sergeant, £7 13s 4d James Ward, sergeant, £7 13s 4d George Germon, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Anderson, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £50 12s 0d Corporals Richard Pearce, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Johnson, corporal, £5 7s 4d Joseph Wright, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Roberts, corporal, £5 7s 4d Stephen Truman, corporal, £5 7s 4d Thomas Williams, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £32 4s 0d Drummers James Moyce, drummer, £5 7s 4d Robert Tyrell, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Privates John Allen, private, £3 16s 8d William Ashfield, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Blackwell, private, £3 16s 8d William Blackman, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Bailey, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Bickerstaff, private, £3 16s 8d William Caleb Baldwin, private, £3 16s 8d Jeremiah Butcher, private, £3 16s 8d John Bates, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Buckles, private, £3 16s 8d John Bead, private, £3 16s 8d William Bucknell, private, £3 16s 8d William Blake, private, £3 16s 8d Caleb Broadway, private, £3 16s 8d John Brown, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £57 10s 0d Carried forward, £2,518 11s 6½d
407	400	15th January Brought Over £ 2518 11 6½ Private brought Over £ 57 10 .. William Cohsey 3 16 8 Richard Close 3 16 8 Josiah Cummings 3 16 8 John Clemans 3 16 8 John Collins 3 16 8 Robt. Coleman 3 16 8 Thomas Craven 3 16 8 James Dennis 3 16 8 John Deane 3 16 8 James Deighton 3 16 8 Thomas Dorman 3 16 8 Charles Field 3 16 8 Franl. Flinn 3 16 8 David Foster 3 16 8 George Green 3 16 8 John Gillmore 3 16 8 Edward German 3 16 8 Fredk. Gallare 3 16 8 Willm. Golding 3 16 8 Joseph Gross 3 16 8 John Germain 3 16 8 Benjn. Gerrard 3 16 8 Henry Herrenburgh 3 16 8 Roger Haydon 3 16 8 Thomas Hilliard 3 16 8 James Hawkins 3 16 8 Peter Hawlins 3 16 8 Wm. Haddon 3 16 8 Joseph Hewitt 3 16 8 Christn. Johnson 3 16 8 Thos. Johnson 3 16 8 John Joyce 3 16 8 James Jordan 3 16 8 John Jones 3 16 8 Richard Jackson 3 16 8 Thos. Lyne 3 16 8 Charles Lewellen 3 16 8 John Latham 3 16 8 Stephen Lisset 3 16 8 Private Carried Over £ 207 .. .. Carried Over £ 2518 11 6½	The list of privates in the Third Company continued from a subtotal of £57 10s 0d, with the general total of £2,518 11s 6½d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,518 11s 6½d Privates brought forward, £57 10s 0d William Cooksey, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Close, private, £3 16s 8d Josiah Cummins, private, £3 16s 8d John Clemans, private, £3 16s 8d John Collins, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Coleman, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Dawson, private, £3 16s 8d James Dennis, private, £3 16s 8d John Deane, private, £3 16s 8d James Deighton, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Denman, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Field, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Flory, private, £3 16s 8d David Fowler, private, £3 16s 8d George Green, private, £3 16s 8d John Gilmore, private, £3 16s 8d Edward German, private, £3 16s 8d Frederick Gallese, private, £3 16s 8d William Golding, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Goss, private, £3 16s 8d John Germaine, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Gerrard, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Hanenburgh, private, £3 16s 8d Roger Haydon, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hilliard, private, £3 16s 8d James Hawkins, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Hanlin, private, £3 16s 8d William Hadden, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Hewett, private, £3 16s 8d Christopher Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d John Joyce, private, £3 16s 8d James Jordan, private, £3 16s 8d John Jones, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Jackson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Kyne, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Lewellen, private, £3 16s 8d John Latham, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Lipsett, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £207 0s 0d Carried forward, £2,518 11s 6½d
408	401	1776 Brought Over £ 2518 11 6½ Private brought Over £ 207 .. .. Thos. McNaman 3 16 8 Robt. May 3 16 8 John Moyce 3 16 8 Joseph Middleton 3 16 8 Robt. Nichols 3 16 8 Danl. Partrick 3 16 8 Wm. Parker 3 16 8 Thos. Pritchard 3 16 8 John Pinch 3 16 8 John Phin 3 16 8 Willm. Powell 3 16 8 Robt. Parkinson 3 16 8 Chris. Pattisher 3 16 8 James Richardson 3 16 8 James Sex 3 16 8 Charles Smith 3 16 8 Thomas Smith 3 16 8 John Smyth 3 16 8 Thos. Stevens 3 16 8 John Stockdell 3 16 8 Peter Shiner 3 16 8 James Sawney 3 16 8 John Turner 3 16 8 Richard Turner 3 16 8 Willm. Tucker 3 16 8 Saml. Willson 3 16 8 Willm. Willson 3 16 8 John Wood 3 16 8 George Wood 3 16 8 Robt. Walton 3 16 8 Robt. Worley 3 16 8 John Windall 3 16 8 Willm. Webb 3 16 8 Willm. Wickens 3 16 8 Peter White 3 16 8 341 3 4 Carried Over £ 2859 14 10½ Margin Notes: 10	The list of privates in the Third Company ended from a subtotal of £207 0s 0d, with the general total of £2,518 11s 6½d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,518 11s 6½d Privates brought forward, £207 0s 0d Thomas McGrannan, private, £3 16s 8d Robert May, private, £3 16s 8d John Moyse, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Middleton, private, £3 16s 8d William Nichols, private, £3 16s 8d Daniel Patrick, private, £3 16s 8d William Parker, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Pritchard, private, £3 16s 8d John Pink, private, £3 16s 8d John Phare, private, £3 16s 8d William Purcell, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Parkinson, private, £3 16s 8d Christopher Pettiker, private, £3 16s 8d James Richardson, private, £3 16s 8d James Sax, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Smith, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Smith, private, £3 16s 8d John Smith, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Stevens, private, £3 16s 8d John Stockdale, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Shoas, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Savory, private, £3 16s 8d John Turner, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Turner, private, £3 16s 8d William Tucker, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Willson, private, £3 16s 8d William Willson, private, £3 16s 8d John Wood, private, £3 16s 8d George Wood, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Walton, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Woodey, private, £3 16s 8d John Wendall, private, £3 16s 8d William Webb, private, £3 16s 8d William Wickens, private, £3 16s 8d Peter White, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates, £341 3s 4d Carried forward, £2,859 14s 10½d
409	402	15th January Brought Over £ 2859 14 10½ Fourth Company Viz. Solomon St. Maurice Captain 59 6 3 Thomas Bazett Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 .. 36 14 4½ Thomas Statham Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 .. 36 14 4½ Watkin Greentree Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 34 4 4½ Sergeants Viz. Willm. Clifton 7 13 4 Thomas Blake 7 13 4 James York 7 13 4 Thos. Sheens 7 13 4 Wm. Bedesford to 18th Decr. 6 11 8 Hatton Walker 7 13 4 Jacob Bows from 19th Decr. 1 1 8 46 .. .. Corporals Viz. Jacob Bows to 18 Decr. 1775 4 12 2 Saml. Johnson 5 7 4 John Ginning 5 7 4 Wm. Hamilton 5 7 4 Michael Tooley 5 7 4 John Kelly 5 7 4 John Pain from 19th Decr. 1775 .. 15 2 32 4 .. Drummers Viz. John Martins 5 7 4 William Venn 5 7 4 10 14 8 Carried Over £ 3115 12 11	The list of the Company's officers and servants continued with the Fourth Company, from the total of £2,859 14s 10½d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,859 14s 10½d Fourth Company Solomon St Maurice, captain, £59 6s 3d Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Thomas Statham, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Statham, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Statham, £36 14s 4½d Walter Greentree, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d Walter Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Walter Greentree, £34 4s 4½d Sergeants William Clifton, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Blake, sergeant, £7 13s 4d James York, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Francis, sergeant, £7 13s 4d William Bridgeford, sergeant, to 18 December 1775, £6 11s 8d Hatten Walker, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Jacob Penn, sergeant, from 19 December 1775, £1 1s 8d Total for sergeants, £46 0s 0d Corporals Jacob Penn, corporal, to 18 December 1775, £4 12s 2d Samuel Johnson, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Grainge, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Hamilton, corporal, £5 7s 4d Michael Tooley, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Kelly, corporal, £5 7s 4d John Payne, corporal, from 19 December 1775, £0 15s 2d Total for corporals, £32 4s 0d Drummers John Martin, drummer, £5 7s 4d William Venn, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Carried forward, £3,115 12s 11d Interpretations Sergeant William Bridgeford's pay ended on 18 December 1775. The corporal Jacob Penn took his place the next day, and the private John Payne moved up to fill Penn's place as corporal. As with every vacancy in 1775, a single gap moved a man up at each rank below it on the same day, and the company never fell short of its six sergeants and six corporals. The minutes for that week record no death or discharge for Bridgeford, so he may have been reduced or moved to other duties.
410	403	1776 Brought Over £ 3115 12 11 Private Viz. James Anderson 3 16 8 John Arden 3 16 8 Jeremiah Abbot 3 16 8 John Allen 3 16 8 Jacob Bell 3 16 8 John Blenhorn 3 16 8 Fredk. Willm. Beard 3 16 8 Robt. Baiff 3 16 8 Willm. Bailey 3 16 8 Thos. Beale 3 16 8 John Brown 3 16 8 Jeffery Bond 3 16 8 Robt. Bond 3 16 8 Thos. Brown 3 16 8 Wm. Bridgford from 19th Decr. .. 10 10 John Cook 3 16 8 Robt. Courts 3 16 8 Benjn. Courtney 3 16 8 George Charriott 3 16 8 James Curtis 3 16 8 James Carey 3 16 8 Morris Downey 3 16 8 Robt. Downs 3 16 8 Thos. Derry 3 16 8 George Dadds 3 16 8 John Dean 3 16 8 Jacob Davis 3 16 8 Joseph Dailey 3 16 8 Wm. Edwards 3 16 8 Charles Edgels 3 16 8 John Ferguson 3 16 8 Charles Frazier 3 16 8 Thos. Ford 3 16 8 Owen Griffiths 3 16 8 Robt. Green 3 16 8 John Gray 3 16 8 Felix Hyder 3 16 8 Joseph Holloway 3 16 8 Peter Higgins 3 16 8 Edward Hazle 3 16 8 Private Carried Over £ 150 .. 10 Carried Over £ 3115 12 11	The list of privates in the Fourth Company began from the general total of £3,115 12s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,115 12s 11d Privates James Anderson, private, £3 16s 8d John Arden, private, £3 16s 8d Jeremiah Abbutt, private, £3 16s 8d John Allen, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Bull, private, £3 16s 8d John Blinkhorn, private, £3 16s 8d Frederick William Brand, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Buff, private, £3 16s 8d William Bailey, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Burke, private, £3 16s 8d John Brown, private, £3 16s 8d Jeffery Bond, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Bond, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Brown, private, £3 16s 8d William Bridgeford, private, from 19 December 1775, £0 10s 10d John Cook, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Coutts, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Courtney, private, £3 16s 8d George Charnott, private, £3 16s 8d James Curtis, private, £3 16s 8d James Carsey, private, £3 16s 8d Maurice Conney, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Downs, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Curry, private, £3 16s 8d George Dodd, private, £3 16s 8d John Deane, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Davis, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Dailey, private, £3 16s 8d William Edwards, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Edgels, private, £3 16s 8d John Ferguson, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Frazier, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Ford, private, £3 16s 8d Owen Griffiths, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Green, private, £3 16s 8d John Gray, private, £3 16s 8d Felix Hyder, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Holloway, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Higgins, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Harell, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £150 0s 10d Carried forward, £3,115 12s 11d Interpretations William Bridgeford went from sergeant straight to private on 19 December 1775, skipping the rank of corporal. Joseph Dailey, broken the same way in September 1775, now served beside him in the ranks of the same company. Both had been sergeants of the Fourth Company, and both lost two ranks at once, a punishment heavier than the single step usually given. The company had now reduced two of its six sergeants to private within three months.
411	404	15 January Brought Over £ 3115 12 11 Private brought over £ 150 .. .. Saml. Harsant 3 16 8 John Howe 3 16 8 John Harper 3 16 8 John Jacks 3 16 8 Willm. Jamison 3 16 8 Joseph Jones to 31st October 1 5 10 Willm. Johnson 3 16 8 Richard Jansen 3 16 8 James Kemp 3 16 8 Edward Lamburn 3 16 8 John Lane 3 16 8 Philip Paggett 3 16 8 Richard Moyce 3 16 8 Thos. Morris 3 16 8 Abraham Major 3 16 8 Joseph Martin 3 16 8 Charles Morris 3 16 8 Chas. Mannsieur 3 16 8 Andrew Nodling 3 16 8 James Oliphant 3 16 8 Thos. Owens 3 16 8 Thos. Perry 3 16 8 Willm. Pickiss 3 16 8 Wm. Powell 3 16 8 David Patten Died. 2d Novr. 1 7 6 Walter Pritchard 3 16 8 John Pain to 18th Decr. 1775 3 5 10 John Power 3 16 8 Wm. Pratt 3 16 8 Geo. Richardson 3 16 8 Mattw. Robinson 3 16 8 Edward Riley 3 16 8 Adam Scott 3 16 8 Arthur Shell 3 16 8 Richd. Slaughter 3 16 8 Stephen Seymore 3 16 8 David Storer 3 16 8 Franl. Shambier 3 16 8 Andrew Sherman 3 16 8 Private brought Over £ 294 .. .. Carried Over £ 3115 12 11 Margin Notes: 10	The list of privates in the Fourth Company continued from a subtotal of £150 0s 0d, with the general total of £3,115 12s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,115 12s 11d Privates brought forward, £150 0s 0d Samuel Harsant, private, £3 16s 8d John Home, private, £3 16s 8d John Harper, private, £3 16s 8d John Jacks, private, £3 16s 8d William Jamison, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Jones, private, to 31 October 1775, £1 5s 10d William Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d James Kemp, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Lamburn, private, £3 16s 8d John Lane, private, £3 16s 8d Philip Liggett, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Moyce, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Morris, private, £3 16s 8d Abraham Major, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Martin, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Morris, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Mannering, private, £3 16s 8d Andrew Nodling, private, £3 16s 8d James Oliphant, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Owens, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Pons, private, £3 16s 8d William Purkiss, private, £3 16s 8d William Powell, private, £3 16s 8d David Patten, private, discharged 2 November 1775, £1 7s 6d Walter Pritchard, private, £3 16s 8d John Payne, private, to 18 December 1775, £3 5s 10d John Prior, private, £3 16s 8d William Pratt, private, £3 16s 8d George Richardson, private, £3 16s 8d Matthew Robinson, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Ryley, private, £3 16s 8d Adam Scott, private, £3 16s 8d Arthur Shell, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Slaughter, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Seymore, private, £3 16s 8d David Stone, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Shambeir, private, £3 16s 8d Andrew Stoneman, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £294 0s 0d Carried forward, £3,115 12s 11d Interpretations Joseph Jones's pay stopped on 31 October 1775, the day the Council's minutes of 6 November recorded his death. John Payne drew private's pay to 18 December 1775, which confirms that he was the private promoted to corporal on 19 December in place of Jacob Penn. David Patten left on 2 November 1775. The minutes record no discharge petition for him, so his release was perhaps granted outside a Council sitting or on grounds of ill health.
412	405	1776 Brought Over £ 3115 12 11 Private brought Over £ 294 .. .. Thos. Smith 3 16 8 Thos. Taylor 3 16 8 George Towns 3 16 8 John Thompson 3 16 8 Jacob Thompson 3 16 8 John Towers 3 16 8 Rudolph Tipper 3 16 8 Thomas Ward 3 16 8 Willm. Waller 3 16 8 Henry Williams 3 16 8 James Wood 3 16 8 James White 3 16 8 Thos. Hayes Fife 3 16 8 343 16 8 Artillery Company Viz. James Tippet Captain 59 6 3 John Shirley Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 .. 36 14 4½ James Molloy Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 2 10 .. 36 14 4½ Sergeants Viz. John Whitchurch 9 4 .. John Turner 9 4 .. James Parfet 9 4 .. Saml. Ringrove 9 4 .. John Smith 9 4 .. Willm. Stapleford 9 4 .. 55 4 .. Corporals Viz. Thomas Yates 6 18 .. Thomas Price 6 18 .. Thomas Wade 6 18 .. Thomas Farr 6 18 .. John Love 6 18 .. James Munnings 6 18 .. 41 8 .. Carried Over £ 3686 6 7	The list of privates in the Fourth Company ended, and the Artillery Company began, from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £3,115 12s 11d Privates brought forward, £294 0s 0d Thomas Smith, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Taylor, private, £3 16s 8d George Towns, private, £3 16s 8d John Thompson, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Thompson, private, £3 16s 8d John Towns, private, £3 16s 8d Rudolph Teshay, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Ward, private, £3 16s 8d William Walker, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Williams, private, £3 16s 8d James Wood, private, £3 16s 8d James White, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hayes, fifer, £3 16s 8d Total for privates, £343 16s 8d Artillery Company James Tippet, captain, £59 6s 3d John Skelley, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d John Skelley, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Skelley, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Skelley, £36 14s 4½d James Molloy, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d James Molloy, diet money, £6 16s 10½d James Molloy, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Molloy, £36 14s 4½d Sergeants John Whitchurch, sergeant, £9 4s 0d John Turner, sergeant, £9 4s 0d James Parfet, sergeant, £9 4s 0d Samuel Bengrove, sergeant, £9 4s 0d John Smith, sergeant, £9 4s 0d William Stapleford, sergeant, £9 4s 0d Total for sergeants, £55 4s 0d Corporals Thomas Yates, corporal, £6 18s 0d Thomas Price, corporal, £6 18s 0d Thomas Waite, corporal, £6 18s 0d Thomas Fear, corporal, £6 18s 0d John Love, corporal, £6 18s 0d James Mannings, corporal, £6 18s 0d Total for corporals, £41 8s 0d Carried forward, £3,686 6s 7d Interpretations James Molloy, the artillery lieutenant sent out by the Court in June 1775, now drew house rent as well. Eight officers were paid lodging allowances this quarter while the three new houses stood unfinished. Every officer who arrived without Company quarters added £10 0s 0d a year to the cost of the delay.
413	406	15th January Brought Over £ 3686 6 7 Bombardiers Viz. John McNabb to 30th October 2 5 .. James Campbell 6 18 .. James Dawson 6 18 .. Robt. Cunningham 6 18 .. Joseph Peale from 31st October 4 13 .. 27 12 .. Gunners Viz. Richard Waterhouse 6 2 8 Joseph Peale from 30th October 2 .. .. Thomas Ailsworth 6 2 8 Mark Balls 6 2 8 Willm. Hamilton 6 2 8 Thos. Tilley 6 2 8 John Blackwell 6 2 8 James Baird 6 2 8 James Renton from 31st October 4 2 8 49 1 4 Drummers Viz. Joseph Branson 5 7 4 Peter Fox 5 7 4 10 14 8 Matrosses Viz. Willm. Gosling Fife 4 12 .. Charles Abraham 4 12 .. Willm. Allen 4 12 .. John Anderson 4 12 .. Richard Ashew 4 12 .. James Anderson 4 12 .. Benjn. Burston 4 12 .. Joseph Bowman 4 12 .. Thomas Bowen 4 12 .. John Barchard 4 12 .. Stephen Barrett 4 12 .. Thomas Blake 4 12 .. Matrosses Carried Over £ 55 4 .. Carried Over £ 3773 14 7	The list of the Artillery Company continued from the total of £3,686 6s 7d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,686 6s 7d Bombardiers John McNabb, bombardier, to 30 October 1775, £2 5s 0d James Campbell, bombardier, £6 18s 0d James Dawson, bombardier, £6 18s 0d Robert Cunningham, bombardier, £6 18s 0d Joseph Peele, bombardier, from 31 October 1775, £4 13s 0d Total for bombardiers, £27 12s 0d Gunners Richard Waterhouse, gunner, £6 2s 8d Joseph Peele, gunner, to 30 October 1775, £2 0s 0d Thomas Allsworth, gunner, £6 2s 8d Mark Balls, gunner, £6 2s 8d William Hamilton, gunner, £6 2s 8d Thomas Tiller, gunner, £6 2s 8d John Blackwell, gunner, £6 2s 8d James Baird, gunner, £6 2s 8d James Renton, gunner, from 31 October 1775, £4 2s 8d Total for gunners, £49 1s 4d Drummers Joseph Branson, drummer, £5 7s 4d Peter Fox, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Matrosses William Gissing, fifer, £4 12s 0d Charles Abraham, matross, £4 12s 0d William Allen, matross, £4 12s 0d John Anderson, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Achors, matross, £4 12s 0d James Anderson, matross, £4 12s 0d Benjamin Burton, matross, £4 12s 0d Joseph Bowman, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Bowen, matross, £4 12s 0d John Burchard, matross, £4 12s 0d Stephen Barrett, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Blake, matross, £4 12s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £55 4s 0d Carried forward, £3,773 14s 7d Interpretations The bombardier John McNabb left on 30 October 1775. The next day the gunner Joseph Peele took his place, and the matross James Renton was promoted to gunner in Peele's stead. The artillery again filled a vacancy from its own ranks in a single day. The gunner's place that Samuel Parker had lost in August 1775 also seems to have been filled through this change, since the company now had nine gunners again.
414	407	1776 Brought Over £ 3773 14 7 Matrosses brought over £ 55 4 .. John Cope 4 12 .. John Coleman 4 12 .. Matthew Cravens 4 12 .. John Corbett 4 12 .. John Clark 4 12 .. Thomas Connel 4 12 .. Isaac Clark 4 12 .. Anthy. Clark 4 12 .. Robt. Davidson 4 12 .. John Euston 4 12 .. Joseph Fellows 4 12 .. John Finlinson 4 12 .. Wm. Faircliff 4 12 .. Christn. Greenawald 4 12 .. Richd. Gibbs 4 12 .. Charles Grierson 4 12 .. Owen Howard 4 12 .. Mullis Hooper 4 12 .. Maynard Hayes 4 12 .. Wm. Harrison 4 12 .. Wm. Hurst 4 12 .. Wm. Holloway 4 12 .. James Judge 4 12 .. Thos. Jones 4 12 .. Edward Joyce 4 12 .. Matthew Harnan 4 12 .. Simon Harnan 4 12 .. John Ledham 4 12 .. John Lemon 4 12 .. Willm. Long 4 12 .. John Moore 4 12 .. Richd. Morgan 4 12 .. John Mann 4 12 .. Davis Martin 4 12 .. Wm. McBeth 4 12 .. Patk. McDonald 4 12 .. Patk. Murphy 4 12 .. Mattw. Mould 4 12 .. Matrosses Carried Over £ 230 .. .. Carried Over £ 3773 14 7 Margin Notes: 100	The list of matrosses in the Artillery Company continued from a subtotal of £55 4s 0d, with the general total of £3,773 14s 7d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,773 14s 7d Matrosses brought forward, £55 4s 0d John Cope, matross, £4 12s 0d John Coleman, matross, £4 12s 0d Matthew Craven, matross, £4 12s 0d John Corbett, matross, £4 12s 0d John Clark, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Connell, matross, £4 12s 0d Isaac Clark, matross, £4 12s 0d Anthony Clark, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Davidson, matross, £4 12s 0d John Euston, matross, £4 12s 0d Joseph Fellows, matross, £4 12s 0d Joseph Fenlinson, matross, £4 12s 0d William Fancliff, matross, £4 12s 0d Christopher Greenawald, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Gibbs, matross, £4 12s 0d Charles Grierson, matross, £4 12s 0d Owen Howard, matross, £4 12s 0d Mullis Hooper, matross, £4 12s 0d Maynard Hayes, matross, £4 12s 0d William Hannsen, matross, £4 12s 0d William Hurst, matross, £4 12s 0d William Holloway, matross, £4 12s 0d James Judge, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Jones, matross, £4 12s 0d Edward Joyce, matross, £4 12s 0d Matthew Laggan, matross, £4 12s 0d Simon Kannan, matross, £4 12s 0d John Leedham, matross, £4 12s 0d John Lemmon, matross, £4 12s 0d William Long, matross, £4 12s 0d John Moore, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Morgan, matross, £4 12s 0d John Mann, matross, £4 12s 0d Enos Martin, matross, £4 12s 0d William McBeth, matross, £4 12s 0d Patrick McDonald, matross, £4 12s 0d Patrick Murphy, matross, £4 12s 0d Matthew Mould, matross, £4 12s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £230 0s 0d Carried forward, £3,773 14s 7d Interpretations John Leedham drew his full pay as a matross for the quarter. His discharge, with John Parker serving out the rest of his term, was granted only on 8 January 1776, after the quarter had closed. He was paid in full to 31 December 1775 and served the remaining days through his substitute.
415	408	15th January Brought Over £ 3773 14 7 Matrosses brought Over £ 230 .. .. Richard Mason 4 12 .. Thomas Nimble 4 12 .. John Parker 4 12 .. Richard Pearce 4 12 .. Saml. Packer 4 12 .. James Price 4 12 .. Joseph Porton 4 12 .. Willm. Robinson 4 12 .. Robt. Ryley 4 12 .. Charles Russell 4 12 .. Abraham Renew 4 12 .. Thos. Richardson 4 12 .. Richard Rowlands 4 12 .. Willm. Smith Senr. 4 12 .. Willm. Smith Junr. 4 12 .. Willm. Shore 4 12 .. George Street 4 12 .. Thomas Sibrey 4 12 .. Michl. Scully 4 12 .. Richard Smith 4 12 .. Andrew Stark 4 12 .. John Thompson 4 12 .. John Willson 4 12 .. Samuel Wood 4 12 .. Wm. Weeden 4 12 .. Edward Ware 4 12 .. John Wilkinson Senr. 4 12 .. Robt. Wood 4 12 .. John Wilkinson Junr. 4 12 .. Willm. West 4 12 .. Thos. Wallington 4 12 .. James Walker 4 12 .. Willm. Weaver 4 12 .. John Hyde 4 12 .. Matrosses Carried Over £ 386 8 .. Carried Over £ 3773 14 7 Margin Notes: 40	The list of matrosses in the Artillery Company continued from a subtotal of £230 0s 0d, with the general total of £3,773 14s 7d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,773 14s 7d Matrosses brought forward, £230 0s 0d Richard Mason, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Nimble, matross, £4 12s 0d John Parker, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Pearce, matross, £4 12s 0d Samuel Parker, matross, £4 12s 0d James Price, matross, £4 12s 0d George Pinton, matross, £4 12s 0d William Robinson, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Ryley, matross, £4 12s 0d Charles Russell, matross, £4 12s 0d Abraham Renew, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Richardson, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Rowlands, matross, £4 12s 0d William Smith senior, matross, £4 12s 0d William Smith junior, matross, £4 12s 0d William Shore, matross, £4 12s 0d George Street, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Sabey, matross, £4 12s 0d Michael Sculley, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Smith, matross, £4 12s 0d Andrew Stark, matross, £4 12s 0d John Thompson, matross, £4 12s 0d John Willson, matross, £4 12s 0d Samuel Wood, matross, £4 12s 0d William Weeden, matross, £4 12s 0d Edward Ware, matross, £4 12s 0d John Wilkinson senior, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Ward, matross, £4 12s 0d John Wilkinson junior, matross, £4 12s 0d William West, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Wallington, matross, £4 12s 0d James Walter, matross, £4 12s 0d William Weaver, matross, £4 12s 0d John Hyde, matross, £4 12s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £386 8s 0d Carried forward, £3,773 14s 7d Interpretations John Parker served as a matross for the whole quarter, while also standing as the substitute who would take on John Leedham's remaining term from January 1776. He had already served out Thomas Penrice's last three months in 1775. A man who stood in for two departing soldiers in under a year was probably paid privately by each, and his willingness to do so let both of them leave the island before their terms ended.
416	409	1776 Brought Over £ 3773 14 7 Matrosses brought Over £ 386 8 .. John Haywood 4 12 .. John Sourlander 4 12 .. James Renton to 30th October 1 10 .. John McNabb from 31st do. 3 2 .. 400 4 .. Pensioners Viz. Nathan Sample 13 15 11 Michael Frost 13 15 11 Mary Beale 7 10 .. Elizabeth Kennedy 7 10 .. Elizabeth Powell 6 5 .. 48 16 10 £ 4222 15 5	The list of matrosses ended, followed by the pensioners and the total pay for the quarter. Brought forward, £3,773 14s 7d Matrosses brought forward, £386 8s 0d John Haywood, matross, £4 12s 0d John Soulander, matross, £4 12s 0d James Renton, matross, to 30 October 1775, £1 10s 0d John McNabb, matross, from 31 October 1775, £3 2s 0d Total for matrosses, £400 4s 0d Pensioners Nathan Sample, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Michael Frost, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Mary Beale, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Kennedy, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Powell, pensioner, £6 5s 0d Total for pensioners, £48 16s 10d Total pay for the quarter, £4,222 15s 5d Interpretations John McNabb did not leave the artillery on 30 October 1775. He drew a matross's pay from the next day, so he was reduced two ranks at once from bombardier, the same punishment given to George Street in February 1775. The change opened the chain of promotions that moved Joseph Peele up to bombardier and James Renton to gunner. Of all the vacancies in the garrison's upper ranks during 1775, most came from men being broken for misconduct, not from deaths or discharges. The quarter's pay came to £4,222 15s 5d, slightly below the £4,240 19s 11d of the winter quarter. Four privates had died or been discharged and not yet replaced, since no recruits reached the island until the new season's ships.
417	410	15th January Dr. William Wrangham 1775 Decemr. 31st To Cash from the Chest £ 4838 17 4½ £ 4833 18 4½	William Wrangham, as paymaster, was charged with the cash he drew from the Company's treasury chest for the quarter ending 31 December 1775. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit 31 December 1775, cash received from the treasury chest, £4,838 17s 4½d Total, £4,833 18s 4½d Interpretations Wrangham drew the cash on the last day of the quarter, once every payment was known. The paymaster held no float during the quarter. He paid the garrison, the workmen and the island's suppliers as each debt fell due and then drew from the chest exactly what he had laid out. The sum, a little under £4,840 0s 0d, was close to the third quarter's £4,868 10s 10d, since the pay list and the building works continued at much the same rate.
418	411	1776 Paymaster Cr. 1775 Decr. By Cash paid the Clerk of the Peace for Writing two Precepts £ .. 10 .. By do. paid the Clerk of Arraignments and Cryer of the Court of Justice .. 12 6 By do. paid for a Basket of Garden Seeds 3 .. .. By do. paid for 8 Spars and Baulks for the New Houses 15 14 .. By do. paid the Widow Preston her allowance 5 4 .. By do. paid the Midwife for attending one of the Honorable Companys Slaves in Child Birth 1 .. .. By do. paid for 400 lb. of Hay for the Eagle Packet 1 .. .. By do. paid Noguda Pocolum and Massa their allowance for Salt Provisions 6 11 .. By do. paid Rent for a Room to hold the quarterly Sessions 3 .. .. By do. paid the Marshal and Goaler for punishments .. 3 9 By do. paid the Auctioneer for attending an Auction .. 16 .. By do. paid Charles Grierson for informing against Richd. Morgan for vending Base Metal for Silver 5 .. .. By do. paid Thos. Hendcock for assisting in the Hospital 2 10 .. By do. paid House Rent for a Shop for the Surgeon 5 .. .. By do. paid the Fife Major for teachg. the Young Fifers 2 6 .. By do. paid Benjn. Seale for overseeing the Plantation 3 3 .. By do. paid the Lieut. Governor for Mutton 3 .. .. By do. paid Joseph Jones forty shillings who engaged to enlist as a Soldier but since Dead 2 .. .. By do. paid Willm. Gosling for relisting to serve the Honble. Company 5 Years longer as a Soldier Subject to the Articles of War his respective time to commence the 2d Day of October 1775. 10 .. .. By do. paid 2 Expresses upon alarms .. 10 .. By do. paid the Sexton for making Graves for two Deceased Soldiers .. 5 .. By do. paid Julia Ankanna for repairing the Honble. Company's Boats 93 Days at 2/6 11 10 .. By do. paid Fras. Means for Baking 195 Batches of Bread 17 1 3 By do. paid Thos. Stroud Surgeon for necessaries found the Sick in the Hospital more than 6d. per Day from the 1st Jany. to 31st Decr. 1775 16 3 6 By do. paid him for Mutton above the Allowance 1 14 7 By do. paid him for his trouble getting provisions 8 .. .. By do. paid Mr. Bird for Blacking Japanning & plaing. 4 Mahy. Tables & Joiner 1 .. .. Carried Over £ 126 8 7	The credit side of the paymaster's account recorded his payments from October 1775. Paymaster, credit October to December 1775 The clerk of the peace, for writing two warrants, £0 10s 0d The clerk of arraignments and the crier of the Court of Justice, fees, £0 12s 6d A basket of garden seeds, £3 0s 0d Spars and balks for the new houses, 8, £15 14s 0d Widow Preston, her allowance, £5 4s 0d The midwife, for attending one of the Company's slave women in childbirth, £1 0s 0d Hay for the Eagle packet, 400 lb, £1 0s 0d Nocquedo, Porcolan and Massjunge, their allowance in place of salt provisions, £6 11s 0d Rent of a room for holding the quarterly courts, £3 0s 0d The marshal and gaoler, for punishments, £0 3s 9d The auctioneer, for attending an auction, £0 10s 0d Charles Grierson, for informing against Richard Morgan for passing base metal as silver, £5 0s 0d Thomas Hendrick, for helping at the hospital, £2 10s 0d Rent of a shop for the surgeon, £5 0s 0d The fife major, for teaching the young fifers, £2 6s 0d Benjamin Seale, for overseeing the plantation, £3 3s 0d The Lieutenant Governor, for mutton, £3 0s 0d Joseph Jones, who had agreed to re-enlist as a soldier but has since died, £2 0s 0d William Gissing, bounty for re-enlisting for five more years under the Articles of War, from 2 October 1775, £10 0s 0d Express messengers sent on alarms, 2, £0 10s 0d The sexton, for digging graves for 2 soldiers who had died, £0 5s 0d [...] Robinson, for repairing the Company's boats, 93 days, £11 10s 0d Francis Mears, for baking bread for the garrison, 195 batches, £17 1s 3d Thomas Stroud, surgeon, for necessaries supplied to the sick in the hospital beyond 6d a day, 1 January to 31 December 1775, £16 3s 6d Thomas Stroud, for mutton beyond the allowance, £1 14s 7d Thomas Stroud, for his trouble in obtaining provisions, £8 0s 0d Mr Bird, for blacking, pinning and planing 4 mahogany tables and [...], £1 0s 0d Carried forward, £126 8s 7d Interpretations The Council's notice of 6 November 1775 against false coin produced a result. Charles Grierson, a matross of the artillery, informed against his fellow matross Richard Morgan for passing base metal as silver, and was paid the promised £5 0s 0d. Morgan had already been reduced from gunner to matross in February 1775. The reward turned one soldier against another within weeks, which was exactly what the offer of money and pardon had been meant to achieve. Thomas Stroud was repaid £16 3s 6d for what the sick in the hospital had needed beyond the Company's allowance of 6d a day. The figure covered the whole of 1775. The Company fixed a daily rate for each patient's food, and the surgeon bought extra comforts such as broth, fresh meat and wine from his own pocket when a patient needed more. He was reimbursed once a year, with a further £8 0s 0d for the trouble of finding the provisions on a small island.
419	412	15th January Dr. William Wrangham 1775 Decr. 31st To Cash brought Over £ 4838 17 4½ Carried Over £ 4838 17 4½	The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster carried forward the cash he had drawn from the treasury chest, with no new entries. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit 31 December 1775, cash brought forward, £4,838 17s 4½d Carried forward, £4,838 17s 4½d
420	413	1776 Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 126 8 7 By Cash paid Captain Tryon of Ship Anson for the passage of David Patton an Invalid Soldier to England 5 .. .. By do. paid for the following for the use of the Govr. Table Viz. 31 Turkey's £ 7 15 .. 94 Fowls 7 1 .. 50 Ducks 3 15 .. 60 Doz. Eggs 4 10 .. 9 lb. Pork .. 4 6 18 Pigs 4 10 .. 436¼ lb. Beef 10 14 9 3 New Milk Cheeses .. 18 6 10 Patridges .. 15 .. 9 Pheasants .. 13 6 7 Geese 1 15 .. 8 Pigeons .. 12 .. 2 Potts Rasberry Jam .. 8 .. 1 Ham lb. 23 at 1/3 1 8 9 750 Lemons .. 18 9 45 19 2 By Cash paid for the following for the use of the Castle Viz. 15 Gross of Corks 1 17 6 8 Skains of Silk .. 5 .. 1 lb. Cott. Thread .. 5 .. 10 Doz. Coat & 12 do. Breast Buttons 1 1 6 2 Pr. Scissars .. 2 .. 100 Needles .. 1 3 3 12 3 By do. paid for the followg. Work done at the New Houses Viz. 314 Days Masons at 1/6 23 11 .. 332 do. Stone Blowers at 1/6 24 18 .. 384 do. Carpenters at 1/6 28 16 .. 108 do. Smiths at 1/6 8 2 .. 39 do. Painters at 1/6 2 18 6 66 do. Overseers at 2/ 6 12 .. 3413 do. Labourers at 1/ 170 13 .. 86 do. Overseers at 1/6 6 9 .. 271 19 6 Carried Over £ 452 19 6	The paymaster's payments continued from the total of £126 8s 7d brought forward. Brought forward, £126 8s 7d Captain Tryon of the Anson, passage to England for David Patten, an invalid soldier, £5 0s 0d Provisions for the Governor's table Turkeys, 31, £7 15s 0d Fowls, 94, £7 1s 0d Ducks, 50, £3 15s 0d Eggs, 60 dozen, £4 10s 0d Pork, 9 lb, £0 4s 6d Pigs, 18, £4 10s 0d Beef, 436½ lb, £10 14s 9d New milk cheeses, 3, £0 18s 6d Partridges, 10, £0 15s 0d Pheasants, 9, £0 13s 6d Geese, 7, £1 15s 0d [...], 8, £0 12s 0d Raspberry jam, 2 pots, £0 8s 0d Ham weighing 23 lb, 1, £1 8s 9d Lemons, 750, £0 18s 9d Total for the Governor's table, £45 19s 2d Goods for the Castle Corks, 15 gross, £1 17s 6d Silk, 8 skeins, £0 5s 0d Cotton thread, 1 lb, £0 5s 0d Coat buttons, 10 dozen, and breast buttons, 12 dozen, £1 1s 6d Scissors, 2 pairs, £0 2s 0d Needles, 100, £0 1s 3d Total for the Castle, £3 12s 3d Work at the new houses Masons, 314 days at 1s 6d a day, £23 11s 0d Stone blasters, 332 days at 1s 6d a day, £24 18s 0d Carpenters, 384 days at 1s 6d a day, £28 16s 0d Smiths, 108 days at 1s 6d a day, £8 2s 0d Painters, 39 days at 1s 6d a day, £2 18s 6d Overseers, 66 days at 2s a day, £6 12s 0d Labourers, 3,413 days at 1s a day, £170 13s 0d Overseers, 86 days at 1s 6d a day, £6 9s 0d Total for the new houses, £271 19s 6d Carried forward, £452 19s 6d Interpretations David Patten, who left the Fourth Company on 2 November 1775, was an invalid sent home on the Anson at the usual £5 0s 0d a head. The pay list had not shown why he left, and this payment settled it. Partridges and pheasants appeared on the Governor's table, bought from islanders. Both birds had been brought to St Helena and turned loose to breed for sport, and by 1775 they were plentiful enough on the high ground to be shot and sold. The Governor's Christmas table thus offered English game alongside the turkeys, geese and ham. Wages for the new houses reached £271 19s 6d this quarter, the highest of the year. Labourers worked more than 3,400 days, and carpenters and painters now outnumbered the masons. The building had moved from cutting rock and raising walls to the joinery and finishing that the stores accounts also showed.
421	414	15th January Dr. William Wrangham 1775 Decr. 31 To Cash brought Over £ 4838 17 4½ Carried Over £ 4838 17 4½	On the debit side of his paymaster's account, William Wrangham's cash from the treasury chest was again carried forward unchanged. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit 31 December 1775, cash brought forward, £4,838 17s 4½d Carried forward, £4,838 17s 4½d
422	415	1776 Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 452 19 6 By Cash paid for the following Work done at the Plantation House Viz. 19 Days Masons at 1/6 £ 1 8 6 9 do. Smiths at 1/6 .. 13 6 15 do. Carpenters at 1/6 1 2 6 14 do. Painters at 1/6 1 1 .. 470 do. Labourers at 1/ 23 10 .. 27 15 6 By do. paid for 73 Days Smiths Work Cleaning Small Arms at 1/6 5 9 .. By do. paid for the following Work done repairing the Castle Steps Viz. 47 Days Masons at 1/6 3 10 6 52 do. Labourers at 1/ 2 12 .. 6 2 6 By do. paid for the following Work Burning and bringing Lime Viz. 84 Days Lime Burner at 1/6 6 6 .. 70 do. Overseers at 1/6 5 5 .. 31 do. Coxswains at 1/6 2 6 6 78 do. Sailmakers at 1/6 5 17 .. 673 do. Labourers at 1/ 33 13 .. 53 7 6 By do. paid for the following Work done Repairing the Boats Viz. 6 Days Smiths at 1/6 .. 9 .. 10 do. Rope makers at 1/6 .. 15 .. 1 4 .. By do. paid for the following Work carrg. Stones to Pitch the Hospital Yard Viz. 7 Days Overseers at 1/6 .. 10 6 156 do. Labourers at 1/ 7 16 .. 8 6 6 By do. paid for the followg. Work done Repairing the Black House Viz. 13 Days Overseers at 1/6 .. 19 6 92 do. Labourers at 1/ 4 12 .. 5 11 6 Carried Over £ 560 15 ..	The paymaster's payments continued from the total of £452 19s 6d brought forward. Brought forward, £452 19s 6d Work at Plantation House Masons, 19 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 8s 6d Smiths, 9 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 13s 6d Carpenters, 15 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 2s 6d Painters, 14 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 1s 0d Labourers, 470 days at 1s a day, £23 10s 0d Total for Plantation House, £27 15s 6d Smiths, 73 days at 1s 6d a day, cleaning small arms, £5 9s 6d Work repairing the Castle steps Masons, 47 days at 1s 6d a day, £3 10s 6d Labourers, 52 days at 1s a day, £2 12s 0d Total for the Castle steps, £6 2s 6d Work burning lime and bringing it in Lime burners, 84 days at 1s 6d a day, £6 6s 0d Overseers, 70 days at 1s 6d a day, £5 5s 0d Coxswains, 31 days at 1s 6d a day, £2 6s 6d Sailmakers, 78 days at 1s 6d a day, £5 17s 0d Labourers, 673 days at 1s a day, £33 13s 0d Total for the lime, £53 7s 6d Work repairing the boats Smiths, 6 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 9s 0d Ropemakers, 10 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 15s 0d Total for the boats, £1 4s 0d Work carrying stones to pave the hospital yard Overseers, 7 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 10s 6d Labourers, 156 days at 1s a day, £7 16s 0d Total for the hospital yard, £8 6s 6d Work repairing the slaves' house Overseers, 13 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 19s 6d Labourers, 92 days at 1s a day, £4 12s 0d Total for the slaves' house, £5 11s 6d Carried forward, £560 15s 0d Interpretations The hospital yard was paved with stone this quarter, after its new drain had been dug under the Council's order of July 1775. The two works together turned a muddy, foul yard into a clean, drained surface that could be swept and washed. The Council had added the hospital drain to Tippet's plans in July 1775 out of concern for the sick, and the paving completed what the drain began.
423	416	15th January Dr. William Wrangham 1775 Decr. 31 To Cash brought Over £ 4838 17 4½ Carried Over £ 4838 17 4½	The cash that William Wrangham drew from the treasury chest stood unchanged on the debit side of his account and was carried forward once more. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit 31 December 1775, cash brought forward, £4,838 17s 4½d Carried forward, £4,838 17s 4½d
424	417	1776 Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 560 15 .. By Cash paid for 79 Days Labourers Work at the Lieut. Governors Garden in the Lg. Wood 3 19 .. By Cash paid for the following Work done on Board the Eagle Packet Viz. 8 Days Smiths at 1/6 £ .. 12 .. 4 do. Coxswains at 1/6 .. 6 .. 24 do. Labourers at 1/ 1 4 .. 2 2 .. By do. paid for the following Work clearing Ladder Hill Road Viz. 2¾ Days Overseers at 1/6 .. 4 1½ 12 do. Labourers at 1/ .. 12 .. .. 16 1½ By do. paid for the following Work Repairing the Gun Carriages Viz. 21 Days Painters at 1/6 1 11 6 7 do. Carpenters at 1/6 .. 10 6 6 do. Smiths at 1/6 .. 9 .. 2 11 .. By do. paid for preparing for a Smiths Shop Viz. 6 Days Overseers at 2/ .. 12 .. 6 do. Masons at 1/6 .. 9 .. 268¾ do. Labourers at 1/ 13 8 9 14 9 9 By do. pd. for the followg. work done floorg. the New Store Room Viz. 3 Days Overseers at 1/6 .. 4 6 69 do. Labourers at 1/ 3 9 .. 3 13 6 Carried Over £ 588 6 4½	The paymaster's payments continued from the total of £560 15s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £560 15s 0d Labourers, 79 days at 1s a day, at the Lieutenant Governor's garden at Longwood, £3 19s 0d Work aboard the Eagle packet Smiths, 8 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 12s 0d Coxswains, 4 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 6s 0d Labourers, 24 days at 1s a day, £1 4s 0d Total for the Eagle packet, £2 2s 0d Work clearing the Ladder Hill road Overseers, 2¾ days at 1s 6d a day, £0 4s 1½d Labourers, 12 days at 1s a day, £0 12s 0d Total for the Ladder Hill road, £0 16s 1½d Work repairing the gun carriages Painters, 21 days at 1s 6d a day, £1 11s 6d Carpenters, 7 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 10s 6d Smiths, 6 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 9s 0d Total for the gun carriages, £2 11s 0d Work preparing for a smith's shop Overseers, 6 days at 2s a day, £0 12s 0d Masons, 6 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 9s 0d Labourers, 268¾ days at 1s a day, £13 8s 9d Total for the smith's shop, £14 9s 9d Work flooring the new storeroom Overseers, 3 days at 1s 6d a day, £0 4s 6d Labourers, 69 days at 1s a day, £3 9s 0d Total for the new storeroom, £3 13s 6d Carried forward, £588 6s 4½d Interpretations The Lieutenant Governor's garden at Longwood again took 79 days of Company labour. It was now charged in every quarter of 1775, about 316 days in the year, worth nearly £16 0s 0d. What had first looked like a single favour had settled into a standing allowance attached to Corneille's office, paid openly through the Company's accounts. The Company's own workmen also repaired the Eagle packet during her stay. A packet carried the Company's correspondence, so her refit was treated as a cost of the Company's service and not charged to an outside owner. The labour preparing ground for the new smith's shop, more than 260 days, shows the site being cut and levelled before Tippet's masons could begin the building he described in January 1776.
425	418	15th January Dr. William Wrangham 1775 31 Decr. To Cash brought Over £ 4838 17 4½ £ 4838 17 4½	The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster closed with the cash from the treasury chest as its only entry. William Wrangham, paymaster, debit 31 December 1775, cash brought forward, £4,838 17s 4½d Total, £4,838 17s 4½d
426	419	1776 Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 588 6 4½ By Cash paid Mr. Jonathan Doveton for 135 Hogsheads at 4/ Each 27 .. .. By do. paid the Sub goaler from the 13th November last. at £ 6 per Annum .. 15 7 616 1 11½ Amount of Pay Account 4222 15 5 £ 4838 17 4½ Island St. Helena Decr. 31st 1775 Errors Excepted (Signed) William Wrangham Paymaster Counted and examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of December last which is as follows Viz.	The paymaster's payments for the quarter ended with the total of £588 6s 4½d brought forward and the last charges set against it. Brought forward, £588 6s 4½d Jonathan Doveton, for 135 hogsheads at 4s each, £27 0s 0d The under-gaoler, from 13 November 1775 at £6 a year, £0 15s 7d Total of payments, £616 1s 11½d Amount of the pay list, £4,222 15s 5d Total, £4,838 17s 4½d William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena on 31 December 1775, subject to correction of any errors. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for December 1775. Interpretations The Company appointed an under-gaoler from 13 November 1775, at £6 0s 0d a year, to assist the marshal and gaoler. Early that month the constable Hugh Jones had been committed on a charge of assault, and soon after the matross Richard Morgan was informed against for passing base coin. With prisoners awaiting the quarterly court, the gaol needed a second keeper to guard them day and night. A small salary was cheaper than the risk of an escape on an island where every fugitive had to be hunted down by the garrison.
427	420	15th January Cash Dr. 1775 Decr. 1st To Balance Remaining £ 15080 .. 4½ 31st To Jonathan Doveton received of him for Stores sold in the quarter ending this Day 2707 8 9 To Plantation for Provision Sold 38 1 8½ To Licences 11 10 .. To Customs received on 25 Gallons Arrack .. 6 3 To Sundry Accounts for Damaged Goods Sold 2 7 10 £ 17839 14 11 Per Contra Cr. 1775 Decr. 31st By Sundry Accounts Advanced the Paymaster to pay Salary's &c. in the Quarter ending this Day 4838 17 4½ By Balance remaining In Specie £ 12461 2 6½ In Cash Notes 539 14 11 13000 17 6½ £ 17839 14 11½	The Company's cash account for December 1775 set the money received against the payment to the paymaster and the balance left at the end of the year. Cash, debit 1 December 1775, balance remaining, £15,080 0s 4½d 31 December 1775, Jonathan Doveton, for stores sold in the quarter ending that day, £2,707 8s 9d 31 December 1775, the plantation, for provisions sold, £38 1s 8½d 31 December 1775, licences, £11 10s 0d 31 December 1775, customs duty on 25 gallons of arrack, £0 6s 3d 31 December 1775, various accounts, for damaged goods sold, £2 7s 10d Total, £17,839 14s 11d Cash, credit 31 December 1775, advanced to the paymaster for salaries and other payments in the quarter ending that day, £4,838 17s 4½d 31 December 1775, balance remaining in coin, £12,461 2s 6½d 31 December 1775, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 14s 11d Total balance remaining, £13,000 17s 6½d Total, £17,839 14s 11½d Interpretations The stores brought in £2,707 8s 9d this quarter, the largest takings of 1775 and more than half of what the garrison and officials cost. The release of the winter reserves of flour, pork and oil, the sale of the Anson's Madeira and the Christmas trade all came together in the last three months of the year. The island's two-tier pricing, with staples at 10 per cent above cost and extras at 40 per cent, let the stores cover a large part of the government's running costs while keeping food cheap for the garrison. The year closed with £13,000 17s 6½d in the chest, against £9,603 4s 9½d at the end of March 1775. Over the twelve months the treasury grew by about £3,400 0s 0d, almost all of it from bills of exchange sold to the island's officials and to ships' officers sending their private fortunes home. The Company thus held a growing reserve of coin on St Helena, paid for by promises that the Court of Directors would honour in London.
428	421	1776 Messrs. Samuel Knipe, Charles Ross Stewart, and Philip Mahoney, this Day presented the following Petitions. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor and Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Samuel Knipe Senr. Sheweth That there is a piece of the Honorable Company's waste Land which adjoins to your Petitioners Land at Horse Pasture which he is desirous of hiring, humbly requests that your Worship and Council will grant him a Lease for the same. And your Petitioner will ever pray January 15. 1776. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor of the Island St. Helena, and Council. The humble Petition of Lieut. Charles Ross Stewart Sheweth That your Petitioner is credibly inform'd that a piece of Ground contiguous to his Land was formerly, and in the time the same was held by Mr. Richard Purling was a part of the said Land but thrown out by the said Purling without any abatement of the Rent, and for which your Petitioner now pays. He most humbly requests of your Worship, and the other Gentlemen of Council, that you please to grant him, the said piece of Ground together with some more of the Honble. Company's Waste Land running on a line with it as far as the Road as the fencing the whole	Samuel Knipe, Charles Ross Stewart and Philip Mahoney each presented a petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council. Samuel Knipe senior explained that a piece of the Company's waste land lay next to his own land at Horse Pasture. He wished to rent it and asked the Council to grant him a lease. His petition was dated 15 January 1776. Lieutenant Charles Ross Stewart had learned on good authority that a piece of ground beside his land had once formed part of it, when Richard Girling held the lease. Girling had given up that piece, but the rent was never reduced, so Stewart was still paying for ground he did not hold. He asked the Council to grant him that piece again. He also asked for some more of the Company's waste land running in line with it as far as the road, since fencing the whole together [continues]. Interpretations Stewart's grievance arose because the rent was tied to the lease and not to the ground actually occupied. Girling's land was shrunk without any change to the lease, so the full rent passed on to each later holder. Stewart had been paying for land he did not have. Asking for the lost piece back, rather than a cut in rent, made the payment match the lease again, and it also gave him more land. Waste land was ground the Company owned but had not let, usually steep, rocky or worn-out land around the edges of farms. Letting it out on lease turned unused ground into rent. It also put the land under a tenant who had to fence it and keep goats and cattle from straying on it. Knipe and Stewart both asked for strips next to land they already held, which made them cheap to enclose along with their existing fences.
429	422	15th January together will be more convenient to him, and render it less liable to trespass. May it please you to take the above request into your Consideration, and he will ever pray. Jany. 15th 1776 Ordered the said pieces of Land to be Viewed. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor of the Island St. Helena, and Council. The humble Petition of Philip Mahoney Clerk of the Peace Sheweth That your Petitioner is from an almost uninterrupted Series of Sickness, rendered incapable of continuing any longer in the Honble. Company's Service, the more so, as his Intellects and sight suffer a Decay in proportion to his Body. He is under the strongest affliction thus to be necessitated to relinquish a Service so truly agreable to him, in which he is grown Old, and in which he flatters himself he has merited the continued approbation and good Will of his Superiors. In Order to obviate any interruption the Course of Justice may have in the executive part by the want of a Successor to him in Office, he begs leave to recommend to your Worship and the other Gentlemen of Council, a young Man whose Name is Germain to succeed him, and he undertakes to Vouch for his abilities and discretion. He begs leave also to acquaint you that as the said Germain is willing to accept the appointment (should you find him a fit and Competent Subject) upon half the Salary your Petitioner now enjoys, he has that Reliance on your goodness to expect your Recommendation of him to the Honble. the Court of Directors for a Settlement on him of the other half for life, as he has no other earthly dependance.	Stewart explained that fencing the old piece and the new strip together would be easier for him and would make the land less open to trespass. He asked the Council to consider his request. His petition was dated 15 January 1776. The Council ordered both pieces of land to be inspected. Philip Mahoney, the clerk of the peace, petitioned Governor Skottowe and the Council. A long and almost unbroken run of sickness had made him unable to go on in the Company's service. His mind and his eyesight had failed along with his body. He was deeply sorry to give up a post he valued so much, in which he had grown old and in which he believed he had kept the good opinion of his superiors. So that the courts would not be held up for want of a clerk, Mahoney recommended a young man named Germain to take his place. He offered to vouch for Germain's ability and good sense. Germain was willing to take the post, if the Council judged him fit for it, on half the salary Mahoney then drew. Mahoney therefore hoped the Council would kindly recommend to the Court of Directors that he receive the other half as a pension for life, since he had no other means of support. Interpretations Mahoney turned his retirement into a bargain that cost the Company nothing. Germain would do the work for half the salary, and the other half would keep the old clerk for the rest of his life. The Company would pay the same sum as before. The courts would keep a clerk, and a long-serving servant would not be left destitute. The Company had no regular pension scheme for its civil servants, and the pensions on the pay list had all been granted case by case. Linking Mahoney's pension to a cheaper successor gave the Council a strong argument to put to the Court of Directors. The clerk of the peace drew up warrants, recognisances and the records of the quarterly courts. Mahoney's concern that the course of justice might be interrupted was a real one. The constable Hugh Jones and the coiner Richard Morgan were then waiting to be tried, and no court could proceed without its clerk.
430	423	1776 Your petitioner holds it needless to trouble you with a Detail of his Services, the long term he has had the Honor to Work under you and his absolute necessity of resigning his Employments and retiring to England, the Circumstances are fully obvious, and the reasons he hopes will appear justifiable and necessary. He therefore takes the liberty most submissively to recommend his case to your kind Consideration, and he will ever pray &c. 15th Jany. 1775 In consequence of the above Petition We desired Mr. Mahoney to get a Certificate of his case from the Surgeons of the Island to be delivered on Monday Next. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Mahoney saw no need to list his services in detail. The Council already knew how long he had worked under it and why he had no choice but to resign his posts and go home to England. He believed those reasons spoke for themselves and hoped the Council would find them fair and necessary. He therefore asked the Council to consider his case kindly. His petition was dated 15 January 1776. In answer, the Council told Mahoney to obtain a certificate of his condition from the island's surgeons and to deliver it the following Monday. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The Council asked for proof from the surgeons before it acted on Mahoney's request. A pension for life was a lasting charge on the Company, and the Court of Directors would want evidence that the clerk could not work before granting one. A certificate from the island's surgeons, Thomas Stroud and David Kay, would show that the claim of illness was genuine. It would also strengthen the Council's recommendation to London. The Council's caution protected Mahoney's case as much as the Company's purse.
431	424	22d January At a Consultation held on Monday the 22d Day of January 1776 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and Signed, dated the 15th of January 1776. Mr. Gabl. Harper this Day presented the following Petition Viz. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of the Island St. Helena. The humble Petition of Gabl. Alexand. Harper Sheweth That being informed of Mr. Stewarts having Petitioned for a piece of the Honble. Company's waste Land adjoining your Petitioner, takes the Liberty of laying before the Board the detriment the letting the said Land to any Individual would be to him. As he is obliged to turn his Cattle a great part of the Year upon said piece of Common to Water, his land adjoining thereto being entirely without. He also frequently Milks upon that Place, at which time he lets his Cows upon the Common Nights, by which means he is able to keep a few more. Your Petitioner likewise sets forth that if he is deprived of the above conveniencys. He must lessen his stock of Cattle and consequently the Profits of his Estate will Diminish. Your petitioner humbly requests that your Worship and Gentlemen of Council, will be pleased to take his	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 22 January 1776. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 15 January 1776. Gabriel Alexander Harper presented a petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council. He had heard that Lieutenant Stewart had applied for a piece of the Company's waste land next to Harper's own land. He wished to show the Council how much harm it would do him if that land were let to any one person. For much of the year he had to drive his cattle onto that piece of common to water them, since his own adjoining land had no water at all. He also often milked his cows there, and at night he let them graze on the common, which allowed him to keep a few more head. If he lost these uses, he would have to reduce his herd, and the income from his estate would fall. He asked the Council to [continues]. Interpretations Harper's petition showed what the Company's waste land meant to the planters around it. Ground that looked idle on the rent roll served as common: a watering place, a milking ground and night grazing for neighbouring herds. Stewart's request would have fenced it off for one tenant's use. Harper's farm had no water of its own, so losing the common would cut the number of cattle he could keep and, with it, the value of his land. The dispute set the Company's wish to turn waste land into rent against the planters' customary use of open ground. On St Helena, where springs were few and much of the land was dry, access to water decided how much stock a farm could carry. The Council had already ordered the land to be inspected on 15 January 1776. Harper's objection now gave the inspectors a reason to look at more than its boundaries.
432	425	1776 case into consideration, and grant him a Lease for as much of the beforementioned piece of Land as to you shall seem meet. Or to let it remain a Common, which he apprehends will be of Publick Utility, as the said Watering Place is very easy for the Cattle to have access to, and at a certain Season of the Year affords water nearly sufficient for all the Cattle &c. that graze upon the Red Hill Common. And Your petitioner will ever pray. Having taken the above Petition into Consideration as well the one Mr. Stewart presented on Monday last, have agreed to let the said piece of Land to the aforesaid Petitioners as it may suit the Vicinity to the Lands of each Party, at the Annual Rent of two Shillings and sixpence per Acre not it appearing to be of detriment to the Honorable Company or Neighbourhood. Mr. Mahoney agreable to Our Directions of Monday last, presented a Certificate from the Surgeons, of the State of his Complaints, Copy of which is as follows Viz. Island St. Helena. This is to Certify that Mr. Philip Mahoney Clerk of the Peace, in the Service of the Honble. East India Company at St. Helena has for several Years, been afflicted with a Disorder in his Stomach and Head, which makes regular Returns every Season on the approach of Warm Weather and generally attends him through the course of the Summer. During the continuance of this Illness he is subject to uneasiness, Pain and Flatulency at his Stomach with want of Appetite Costiveness and indigestion. He has an almost constant expectoration of viscid Mucus and frequently Complaints of [...] and stricture in the Throat. He has at the same time repeated attacks of febrill Paroxysms which induce such a disorder and Confusion in his Head, as he says render him unfit to perform the Duty	Harper asked the Council either to grant him a lease of as much of the land as it saw fit, or to leave it open as common. He thought keeping it as common would serve the public good. The watering place there was easy for cattle to reach, and at certain times of year it gave almost enough water for all the cattle that grazed on the Red Hill common. The Council considered Harper's petition together with the one Lieutenant Stewart had presented the Monday before. It agreed to let the land to both men, dividing it according to how close each part lay to their own land. The rent was set at 2s 6d an acre a year. The Council found that the arrangement would do no harm to the Company or the neighbourhood. As the Council had directed the previous Monday, Philip Mahoney presented a certificate from the surgeons describing his condition. It read as follows. The surgeons certified that Philip Mahoney, clerk of the peace in the East India Company's service at St Helena, had for several years suffered from a disorder of the stomach and head. It returned every year as the warm weather came on and usually lasted through the summer. While it lasted he suffered discomfort, pain and wind in the stomach, loss of appetite, constipation and indigestion. He brought up thick mucus almost constantly and often complained of soreness and tightness in the throat. He also had repeated bouts of fever, which left his head so disordered and confused that, by his own account, he could not carry out [continues]. Interpretations The Council had two obvious options, Stewart's lease of the whole piece or Harper's alternative of leaving it as common, and it took neither. It divided the land between the two neighbours, each taking the part next to his own farm. Both petitions had shown that each man needed part of it. Splitting it brought in rent at 2s 6d an acre and kept the water within reach of Harper's cattle. It also gave Stewart the strip he wanted for a single fence line. A choice for one man would have left the other with a grievance, and the Council was writing to the Court of Directors about both. The surgeons tied Mahoney's illness to the warmer months, when it came back each year and lasted through the summer. Their account of a long-standing complaint that worsened every year was the kind of evidence the Court would need before granting a pension. It also supported Mahoney's plan to retire to England, where a cooler climate was then widely believed to help such disorders.
433	426	22d January Duty of his Office and incapable of managing any Business that requires a close application of mind. He has tried a variety of remedies without any effectual or lasting benefit; And as all these Symtoms have recured every succeeding Year with greater Violence and Severity, owing We believe to the decay his Constitution may have suffered from the Heat and Irregularity of Weather which prevail in this Island. We are of Opinion that he can [...] have no likely prospect of Recovery while he remains here, and that his Return to a colder Climate will afford him the only probability for the full Reestablishment of his Health. Given under Our Hands this 22d Day of January 1776. (Signed) Thomas Stroud Surgeon Davd. Kay Assist. do. Having taken Mr. Mahoneys Petition as well as the Surgeons Certificate of his case into consideration. We acquainted him that We should recommend him in the strongest manner to the Honble. Company by Our next address, being convinced that he has been for some Years past in a very declining state of Health. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The surgeons went on to say that at such times Mahoney could not carry out the duties of his office or manage any business that needed close attention. He had tried many remedies without lasting benefit. His symptoms had come back every year with growing force. The surgeons put this down to the damage his constitution had suffered from the heat and changeable weather of the island. In their view he had little prospect of recovery while he stayed on St Helena. A return to a cooler climate was his only real chance of regaining his health. Thomas Stroud, surgeon, and David Kay, assistant surgeon, signed the certificate on 22 January 1776. The Council considered Mahoney's petition together with the surgeons' certificate. It told him that it would recommend him to the Company in the strongest terms in its next letters, since it was satisfied that his health had been failing badly for some years. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The surgeons blamed the island's weather for Mahoney's illness, and they saw the cure in a return to England. That reflected the medical thinking of the time, which held that a man's constitution suited the climate he was born in. St Helena's climate was mild, but its summers were warmer and damper than an Englishman was used to, and its weather could change quickly between the windward heights and the sheltered valleys. Physicians of the period readily blamed long-term complaints on that kind of change. The certificate therefore gave the Council a reason the Court would accept for paying a pension to a servant who went home, not one who stayed on the island. The Council did not grant the pension. It promised a strong recommendation, which was the limit of its power. The decision, and with it Germain's appointment at half salary, now lay with the Court of Directors.
434	427	29th January At a Consultation held on Monday the 29th Day of January 1776 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 22 of January 1776. This Day there was a General Field Day upon the Parade of the Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and Private Men of this Garrison. Daniel Corneille Esqr. presented the following Letter to the Board To John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. and Council. Gentlemen In Consequence of the Honorable Company's permission these five Years back for a House to be built for one in the Long Wood, and the necessity of the Publick Works postponing that undertaking; I had your leave to fit up the Old House there standing, consisting at present of one Parlour, and three Chambers (two of the latter very small) likewise fencing in, between four and five Acres as a Pleasure Ground thereunto belonging, all which has been compleated at the small expence of one hundred and seventy pounds five shillings, as you will find stated under that head, in the General Books of Accompts. I have therefore Gentlemen to offer to your consideration, as that Sum Margin Notes: X	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 29 January 1776. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 22 January 1776. A general field day for the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of the garrison was held on the parade that day. Daniel Corneille presented a letter to Governor Skottowe and the Council. Five years earlier, he wrote, the Company had given permission for a house to be built for him at Longwood. The public works had to come first, so that building was put off. The Council had instead given him leave to fit up the old house already standing there. It had one parlour and three bedrooms, two of them very small. He had also been allowed to fence in between four and five acres of ground around it as a pleasure garden. All of this had been finished at the small cost of £175 5s 0d, as the Company's general books of account showed under that heading. He therefore wished to put before the Council [continues]. Interpretations The Lieutenant Governor's country house at Longwood and its garden explain a charge that ran through the year's accounts. In every quarter of 1775 the paymaster recorded about 79 days of labour at the Lieutenant Governor's garden at Longwood. That garden was the four or five acres fenced in around the old house, which Corneille had fitted up in place of the new house the Company had approved. The cost of £175 5s 0d had been entered openly in the general books. The work was a sanctioned substitute for a building the Company had already agreed to pay for, not a private favour taken without leave. Corneille stressed that the cost was small and that he had made do with an old house to spare the public works. He was preparing the ground for a request, and he set out first how modestly he had used the Company's permission.
435	428	29th January has been already laid out, and the House at present tho small, almost new and will last for these five and twenty or Thirty Years to come, not to prosecute the former Plan, but with your permission, and approbation to add another Parlour to the House, and one room more to the Servants Offices this Year, and with this addition which cannot be very expensive, I think it will make the House very convenient and sufficient for any Gentlemen that hereafter may fill the department, which I have the Honour at present to occupy, and also be a saving to the Honble. Company of four or five hundred pounds, a consideration that I will venture to say will have its due Weight with you, as well as with. Gentlemen 29th January 1776 Your most Obedient and most humble Servant (Signed) Danl. Corneille Having Considered what Mr. Corneille sets forth in the above Letter agree in opinion with him, that the addition he proposes will make it a very convenient good House and a great saving to the Honble. Company, as it will avoid the expence of erecting a New one: have therefore given the Engineer Orders to collect Materials for carrying the said Work into execution. Mr. George Alexander having punished a Woman Slave of his in a very cruel and indecent manner, and being under the necessity of putting the said Woman under the Care of the Surgeon. We Ordered him this Day before Us to answer to what might be alleged against him. Margin Notes: X	Corneille pointed out that the money had already been spent and that the house, though small, was almost new and would last another 25 or 30 years. He therefore proposed giving up the original plan for a new house. With the Council's approval, he would instead add another parlour to the house and one more room to the servants' quarters that year. The addition could not cost much. He believed it would make the house comfortable and large enough for any gentleman who later held his post. It would also save the Company £400 0s 0d or £500 0s 0d, a point he trusted would weigh with the Council. He signed the letter on 29 January 1776. The Council considered the letter and agreed with Corneille. The addition would make the house convenient and comfortable, and it would save the Company a great deal by avoiding the cost of a new building. The Council therefore ordered the engineer to collect the materials needed for the work. George Alexander had punished one of his women slaves in a very cruel and indecent way, and she had been placed under the surgeon's care as a result. The Council ordered him to appear before it that day to answer whatever charges might be laid against him. Interpretations Corneille gave up the new house he had been promised in return for a modest enlargement of the old one. It was an unusual choice. A new house would have been his of right under the Company's leave of five years before, and the Council itself sat on the request. By offering the Company a saving of several hundred pounds, he turned a personal benefit into a public economy. That made the Council's approval easy to defend before the Court of Directors, which had been watching the cost of the new houses in Jamestown rise all year. The case of George Alexander showed that a slave owner on St Helena did not have an unlimited right to punish his slaves. The Company's laws allowed owners to discipline their slaves, but the Council could call an owner to account when the punishment went beyond what was accepted. Alexander was a substantial planter, one of the three men put forward for sheriff in April 1775. His summons shows that wealth and standing did not shield an owner when a slave's injuries were serious enough to need the surgeon. The word indecent suggests the punishment was also one that offended public decency, which the Council treated as a matter of the island's order.
436	429	1776 Abigail the Woman Slave appearing says that she for not having the Yam Pot properly filled and having burned a Gunney Bag her Master stripped her naked, and with his own Hands whipped her over her Belley and private parts with a raw Heats Hide. Mr. Stroud being called upon for his opinion respecting the said Slave, Reports that he found her very much cut from her breast down half way her thighs particularly her Groins and private parts and very little marked upon her Back, that from the Breadth of the Stripes it appeared that She was punished (as she said) with a raw thong, and that the Marks was much swelled, Blistered and mattered on each side, attended with some little Fever. Mr. George Alexander appearing says that his Slave Abigail having Run away several times for which he having repeatedly forgiven her, and it answering no purpose, he the last time she absconded tyed her up and whipped her with a piece of Leather which he cut the size of a Whip, with which he gave her about a hundred stripes, he further said that this Board had Ordered a Punishment to be given with Wire Whips, and also said, that he thought it better the Board should take the punishment of all Slaves upon themselves for Misdemeanors done to their Masters. Mr. Alexander being called upon to declare what he meant by his false and Illiberal accusation against this Board, says that in Governor Byfields time, one Slaughter was punished as he was informed, with Wire Whips or fish Hooks tyed to a Cord. And that he did not mean it as a reflection upon this Board. Having taken the above into Consideration are unanimously of Opinion that Mr. George Alexander has punished his Slave Woman Abigail in a most Cruel, Inhumane and Indecent manner, And further behaved himself to the Board very Insolently, in justifying what he had done rather than shewing any signs of contrition by mentioning a precedent of near fifty Years back, which he could not prove, and so falsely applying the same to this Board. We therefore are of opinion	Abigail, the slave woman, appeared before the Council. She said that her master had stripped her naked because she had not filled the yam pot properly and had burned a gunny bag. He had then whipped her with his own hands across her belly and private parts with a strip of raw goat's hide. The Council asked Thomas Stroud, the surgeon, for his opinion of her injuries. He reported that she was badly cut from her breast to halfway down her thighs, especially about the groin and private parts, while her back bore very few marks. The width of the stripes showed that she had been beaten with a raw thong, as she had said. The wounds were badly swollen, blistered and festering on both sides, and she had some fever. George Alexander then appeared. He said that Abigail had run away several times and that he had forgiven her again and again to no effect. The last time she ran off, he tied her up and whipped her with a piece of leather cut to the shape of a whip, giving her about 100 strokes. He added that the Council itself had once ordered a punishment with wire whips. He also said that he thought it would be better if the Council took on the punishment of all slaves for offences against their masters. The Council asked Alexander what he meant by so false and ungentlemanly a charge against it. He replied that in Governor Byfield's time a man named Slaughter had, so he had been told, been punished with wire whips or fish hooks tied to a cord. He said he had not meant to reflect on the present Council. The Council considered the evidence and was unanimous that Alexander had punished his slave woman Abigail in a most cruel, inhuman and indecent way. It also found that he had behaved insolently towards it. He had defended what he did instead of showing any sign of regret, and he had cited an old case from many years before which he could not prove and had falsely laid at the present Council's door. The Council therefore resolved that [continues]. Interpretations Alexander's defence rested on the owner's right to punish a runaway, and the Council did not dispute that right. What it judged was the manner and the place of the punishment. Stroud's evidence was decisive. The wounds lay on the front of the body, from breast to thighs, and hardly at all on the back, where a whipping was normally given. Alexander's story of a runaway tied up and flogged could not explain wounds on the belly and groin. Abigail's account, of a beating for small household faults delivered to her naked body, matched what the surgeon had seen. The Council's word indecent referred to this deliberate choice of where to strike. The Council treated Alexander's conduct before it as a second offence. By claiming the Council itself had once used wire whips, he had tried to turn the hearing into an attack on its own standards. The charge of insolence meant that his penalty would answer both for the cruelty and for the challenge to the Council's authority. A planter of his standing was being made to accept that the Council, and not the owner, set the limits of punishment on the island.
437	430	29th January that for his, the said George Alexanders Conduct of Cruelty and Insolence, be fined in the Sum of forty Shillings to the Honble. Company's Cash, and to pay the Surgeon and all other charges attending the cure of the beforementioned Slave, also cautioned him not to be guilty of the like Cruelty in future, as the Board will be under a necessity of proceeding to greater Extremitys. Captain James Tippet this day presented the following Petition Viz. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena. The humble Petition of James Tippet. Sheweth That there is a small piece of the Honorable Company's Waste Land upon Thompsons Hill, which he is very desirous of hiring, humbly request your Worship and Council will grant him a Lease for the same. And your Petitioner will ever pray. 29th January 1776. Ordered the said Land to be Viewed. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	For his cruelty and insolence, the Council fined George Alexander £2 10s 0d, to be paid into the Company's treasury. He was also to pay the surgeon and all other costs of treating the slave. The Council warned him not to repeat such cruelty, or it would be forced to take harsher measures. Captain James Tippet presented a petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council. A small piece of the Company's waste land lay on Thompson's Hill, and he very much wished to rent it. He asked the Council to grant him a lease of it. His petition was dated 29 January 1776. The Council ordered the land to be inspected. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The penalty was light against the injuries Stroud described. Alexander paid 50s and the cost of Abigail's treatment, about the price of a single sheep from the island's flocks. The Council had found him guilty of cruel, inhuman and indecent treatment, and of insolence besides, yet it did not take Abigail from him or bar him from owning slaves. She went back to the man who had beaten her. The real weight of the sentence lay in the warning. Recorded in the minutes and sent to the Court of Directors, it put Alexander on notice that a second offence would be dealt with far more severely. The Council protected its authority to set limits on punishment while leaving the owner's property in his slave untouched. Making Alexander bear the surgeon's charges placed the cost of his cruelty on him, not on the Company. Without that order the Company's surgeon would have treated the slave at public expense, and an owner could have beaten his slaves knowing the Company would pay to mend them.
438	431	5 February At a Consultation held on Monday the 5th Day of February 1776 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and Signed dated the 29th of January 1776 Thursday the 1st Passed by a Ship at great Distance. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 5 February 1776, with Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 29 January 1776. A ship passed the island at a great distance on Thursday 1 February 1776. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry.
439	432	12th February At a Consultation held on Monday the 12th Day of February 1776 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 5th February 1776. Wednesday the 7th Arrived the Nottingham's Boat at Banks's at half past ten o'Clock at Night. Thursday the 8th do. the Honble. Company's Ship Nottingham from Madras (last from the Cape) and brought Us the following Supplys. Invoice of Ship Nottingham Rice 37 Bags pr. Gross 45 .. 2 .. 6 Tare at 4 lb. each 1 .. .. 16 Neat Wt. 44 .. 1 .. 18 or 4974. or 215 Maunds at Pgs. 21 .. 7 per Garse 54 2 .. Paddy 34 Bags pr. Gross 31 .. 3 .. 16 Tare at 4 lb. 1 .. .. 24 Neat Wt. 30 .. 2 .. 20 or 3436. or 150 Maunds at 10 Maunds per Pagoda 25 .. .. Batavia Arrack 2 Leaguers Containing 262 Gallons at 44 per Leaguer 88 .. .. Charges Merchandize. Gunney Bags 132 at P. 3 per Cent 4 .. 2 .. 13 Twine .. .. 2 .. 40 Tin Plates & Nails .. .. 9 .. .. Cooly hire on Rice, Paddy & Arrack .. .. 34 .. .. Weighing, Cooleys .. .. 4 .. 20 Boat & Cooly hire on 3 Boats 14.20 per Boat 1 .. 1 .. 60 Godown hire on 2 do. .. .. 8 .. .. 6 30 53 Pags. 173 32 53 Errors Excepted (Signed) Geo. Moubray Accountt.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 12 February 1776. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 5 February 1776. The boat of the Nottingham reached Banks's at half past ten at night on Wednesday 7 February 1776. The Company's ship Nottingham arrived the next day from Madras, coming last from the Cape. She brought the following supplies, valued in pagodas, fanams and cash. Invoice of the ship Nottingham Rice, 37 bags, gross weight 45 cwt 2 qr 6 lb Tare at 4 lb a bag, 1 cwt 0 qr 16 lb Net weight of rice, 44 cwt 1 qr 18 lb, or 4,974 lb, being 215 maunds at [...], 54 pagodas 2 fanams 0 cash Paddy, 34 bags, gross weight 31 cwt 3 qr 16 lb Tare at 4 lb a bag, 1 cwt 0 qr 24 lb Net weight of paddy, 30 cwt 2 qr 20 lb, or 3,436 lb, being 250 maunds at 10 marcals a pagoda, 25 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers containing 262 gallons at 44 pagodas a leaguer, 88 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Charges on the goods Gunny bags, 132 at 3 pagodas per 100, 4 pagodas 2 fanams 13 cash Twine, 0 pagodas 2 fanams 40 cash Tin plates and nails, 0 pagodas 9 fanams 0 cash Porters' hire for the rice, paddy and arrack, 0 pagodas 34 fanams 0 cash Porters for weighing, 0 pagodas 4 fanams 20 cash Boat and porters' hire for 3 boats at 10 fanams 20 cash a boat, 1 pagoda 1 fanam 60 cash Tarpaulin hire for 2 boats, 0 pagodas 8 fanams 0 cash Total charges, 6 pagodas 30 fanams 53 cash Total, 173 pagodas 32 fanams 53 cash George Moubray signed the invoice as accountant, subject to correction of any errors. Interpretations The Nottingham opened the 1776 season with the same fixed parcel Madras had sent the year before: rice, paddy and two leaguers of Batavia arrack. The arrack now cost 44 pagodas a leaguer, against 48 pagodas on the Speke and the Sea Horse in 1775. Gunny bags also fell from 5 pagodas to 3 pagodas per 100. Madras was buying arrack and packing more cheaply in the new season, perhaps because Dutch supplies from Batavia were more plentiful.
440	433	1776 The Storekeeper this Day Delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Nottingham. Account of Stores short received from Ship Nottingham. C. 2 .. .. 5 Rice 1 .. .. 18 Paddy Short Weight & Damaged by Weevils 30½ Galls. Arrack St. Helena 12 Feby. 1776 (Signed) Jonn. Doveton Store Keeper The Expence of Artillery Stores, and Stewards Accounts for the Month of January last, were this Day laid before Us, Which were examined, approved of, and are as follow Viz. Artillery Stores Expended in January 1776 Guns Fired, 9 lbs., 6 lbs., 4 lbs., 3 lbs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz 1st An Alarm: Guns Fired 6, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Northumberland: Guns Fired 9, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 9th Departed the do.: Guns Fired 9, 9 lbs. 4, 6 lbs. 5, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Powder expended for a General Field Day: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 163, Powder Expended oz 4 do. for Practice at Outposts: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 187, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for the Smiths & Armourers Shops: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 72, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for Sundry Services: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 22, Powder Expended oz 8 do. Sold to Gentlemen in the Honble. Compys. Service: Guns Fired 0, 9 lbs. 0, 6 lbs. 0, 4 lbs. 0, 3 lbs. 0, Powder Expended lb 3, Powder Expended oz 0 Total: Guns Fired 24, 9 lbs. 8, 6 lbs. 10, 4 lbs. 4, 3 lbs. 2, Powder Expended lb 449, Powder Expended oz 4 Ball lb. 1 oz. 8 Match 4 lb. Cartridge Paper 2 Quires Tallow 25 lb. Bees Wax 1 lb. Salt Petre 6 lb. Vinegar 1 Gallon Hand Spikes to Cartridge Boxes & Covers 1 (Signed) James Tippet Captn. of Artillery	The storekeeper presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Nottingham. Jonathan Doveton signed it at St Helena on 12 February 1776. Stores short delivered from the ship Nottingham Rice, 2 cwt 0 qr 5 lb Paddy, 1 cwt 0 qr 18 lb Rice and paddy short in weight through loss in transit Arrack, 30½ gallons The Council examined and approved the artillery stores accounts and the steward's accounts for January 1776. James Tippet signed the artillery account as captain of artillery. Artillery stores used in January 1776 1 January, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 1 January, arrival of the Northumberland, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 9 January, departure of the Northumberland, 9 guns fired: 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz General field day, powder 163 lb 4 oz Practice at Rupert's, powder 197 lb 0 oz For the smith's and armourer's shops, powder 22 lb 0 oz Various duties, powder 22 lb 8 oz Sold to gentlemen in the Company's service, powder 3 lb 0 oz Total, 24 guns fired: 8 nine-pounders, 10 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, powder 449 lb 4 oz Other stores used Lead ball, 1 lb 8 oz Match, 4 lb Cartridge paper, 7 quires Tallow, 2½ lb Beeswax, 1 lb Saltpetre, 6 lb Vinegar, 1 gallon Handspikes, [...] Cartridge box and cover, 1 Interpretations The Nottingham delivered 30½ gallons less arrack than her two leaguers held, against 7 or 8 gallons short on the Madras ships of 1775. A loss of more than a tenth of the cargo was far beyond ordinary leakage. It pointed to casks broached at sea, and the shortfall was recorded for charging against the ship's account. Powder for the smith's and armourer's shops appeared as a charge of its own for the first time. It went into the blasting needed to clear the ground for the new shops that Tippet reported in January 1776.
441	434	12th February Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in January 1776. 56 Bottles Madeira £ 3 10 .. 30 do. Port 2 7 6 37 do. Lisbon 2 18 7 31 do. Mountain 2 9 1 37 do. Beer .. 12 4 17 Gallns. Arrack 2 18 .. 172 lb. Beef 2 3 .. 232 lb. Mutton 4 16 8 6 Turkeys 1 10 .. 2 Geese .. 10 .. 12 Ducks .. 18 .. 89 lb. Candy 2 4 6 588 Flour 5 10 3 3 Lambs 1 10 .. 2 Kids .. 10 .. 34 7 11 Bought for the Table 180½ Beef at 6d. 4 10 1½ 42½ do. at 3½ .. 11 4½ 6 Turkeys 1 10 .. 38 Fowls 2 17 .. 8 Ducks .. 12 .. 8 Pigs 2 .. .. £ 12 .. 6 Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ship Nottingham to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows Viz.	The stores used at the Company's table in January 1776 were recorded as follows. Stores used at the Company's table, January 1776 Madeira wine, 56 bottles, £3 10s 0d Port wine, 30 bottles, £2 7s 6d Lisbon wine, 37 bottles, £2 18s 7d Mountain wine, 31 bottles, £2 9s 1d Beer, 37 bottles, £0 12s 4d Arrack, 17 gallons, £2 18s 0d Beef, 172 lb, £2 3s 0d Mutton, 232 lb, £4 16s 8d Turkeys, 6, £1 10s 0d Geese, 2, £0 10s 0d Ducks, 12, £0 18s 0d Sugar candy, 89 lb, £2 4s 6d Flour, 588 lb, £5 10s 3d Lambs, 3, £1 10s 0d Kids, 2, £0 10s 0d Total from the stores, £34 7s 11d Bought for the table Beef, 180½ lb at 6d a lb, £4 10s 1½d Beef, 42½ lb at 3½d a lb, £0 11s 4½d Turkeys, 6, £1 10s 0d Fowls, 38, £2 17s 0d Ducks, 8, £0 12s 0d Pigs, 8, £2 0s 0d Total bought for the table, £12 0s 6d William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the Nottingham to muster her crew and to search for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll followed. Interpretations The Castle table cost more than £46 0s 0d in January 1776, the highest monthly figure in the record. Two homeward ships called in quick succession, the Northumberland at New Year and then the Nottingham. The Governor entertained the commanders and senior passengers of both, among them two lieutenant colonels returning from Bengal. Madeira use rose to 56 bottles, drawn from the pipes the Anson had landed in October 1775.
442	435	1776 Muster Roll of Ship Nottingham Peter Sleakes Commander John Greed 1st Mate Wm. Brown 2d do. Henry Ware 3d do. Deshford Lawtie 4th do. James Allen 5 do. Archd. Gilchrist Surgeon John Waltham Boatswain Henry Hedley Gunner James Armistead Carpenter Wm. Fletcher Surgeons Mate John Carter Midshipman Sherlock Graves do. Robt. Seale do. Robt. Ferguson do. Henry Ridley do. George Mson do. Wm. Angus do. Wm. Hayward do. Richd. Keaton Captn. Stewd. Thos. Clark do. Steward Danl. Merrill do. do. Thos. Moore Quarter Master Laurence Bloom do. Thomas Brown do. James Wood Sailmaker John Betts Armourer Jo. Williams Captn. Cook James Armstrong Ships do. Job Seale Butcher Saml. Walton Caulker John Ferguson Joiner Thos. Davis Carpr. Mate Thos. Wickins Caulker do. Thos. Lewellen Boatn. do. William Hall Seaman Willm. Stanley Isaac Hall Charles Shaw Thomas Dyer John Callohan Nathaniel Hall John Springall Franl. Sleakes James Clements Wm. Lightbound Franl. Buck Charles Davidson Simon Robinson Thos. Cass Alex. Findley Mattw. Simmons Archd. Stewart John Bullen Richd. Stone Wm. Pichard James Walker Paul Simpson James Wesley Thos. Massey Thos. Newman Edward Miller Wm. Napier James Wilkin Ralph Featherson Seaman Wm. Perkins Edward Collins Alexand. Frazier James Challmer Robt. Taylor Saml. Thomas Nathaniel Craven John Annis Thomas Stevens Thos. Field Hiram Cox Thos. Crook John Bowman James Stewart Geo. Thomas Isaac Peace James Heron John Bin Thomas Morrison John Hall Thos. Hudson John Holland Thos. Clarkson John Beadle Danl. Rutter Edward Coker John Hutchinson Martin Ivory Lean Swanson Samuel Luke Barclay Edward Johnson	Muster roll of the ship Nottingham Peter Sealy, commander John Reed, first mate William Brown, second mate Henry Wair, third mate Deshford Lawtie, fourth mate James Allen, fifth mate Archibald Gilchrist, surgeon John Waltham, boatswain Henry Kidley, gunner James Armistead, carpenter William Fletcher, surgeon's mate John Carter, midshipman Sherlock Graves, midshipman Robert Seale, midshipman Robert Ferguson, midshipman Henry Kidley, midshipman George Hixon, midshipman William Angus, midshipman William Haywood, midshipman Richard Beaton, captain's steward Thomas Clark, ship's steward David Merrill, ship's steward Thomas Moore, quartermaster Lawrence Bloom, quartermaster Thomas Brown, quartermaster James Wood, sailmaker John Betts, armourer John Williams, captain's cook James Armstrong, ship's cook Job Seale, butcher Samuel Walton, caulker John Ferguson, joiner Thomas Powis, carpenter's mate Thomas Wickens, caulker's mate Thomas Lewellen, boatswain's mate William Hall, seaman William Stanley, seaman Isaac Hall, seaman Charles Shaw, seaman Thomas Pyse, seaman John Callohan, seaman Nathaniel Hall, seaman John Springall, seaman Francis Sealy, seaman James Clements, seaman William Lightbound, seaman Francis Buck, seaman Charles Davidson, seaman Simon Robinson, seaman Thomas Case, seaman Alexander Findley, seaman Matthew Simmons, seaman Archibald Stewart, seaman John Bullen, seaman Richard Stone, seaman William Pickard, seaman James Walker, seaman Paul Simpson, seaman James Woolley, seaman Thomas Murray, seaman Thomas Newman, seaman Edward Miller, seaman William Napier, seaman James Willson, seaman Ralph Featherson, seaman William Perkins, seaman Edward Collins, seaman Alexander Frazer, seaman James Challenor, seaman Robert Taylor, seaman Samuel Thomas, seaman Nathaniel Covers, seaman John Annis, seaman Thomas Stevens, seaman Thomas Field, seaman Hiram Cox, seaman Thomas Crook, seaman John Bowman, seaman James Stewart, seaman George Thomas, seaman Isaac Pearce, seaman James Heron, seaman John Bear, seaman Thomas Morrison, seaman John Hall, seaman Thomas Hudson, seaman John Holland, seaman Thomas Clarkson, seaman John Beadle, seaman David Ruffet, seaman Edward Coker, seaman John Hutchinson, seaman Martin Joseph Lean, seaman Swanson Samuell, seaman Luke Barclay, seaman Edward Johnson, seaman
443	436	12th February Passengers Lieut. Colonel Thornton Captn. De la Douspe Captn. Wedderburn Mr. Fleetwood Mr. Madeiro Mr. Brutton Mr. Lowes Mr. Buxton Master Thos. Gibson Master Charles Gibson Six Servants (Signed) Peter Sloakes Bought on Account of the Honble. Company of Mr. John Greed, Chief Mate of the Ship Nottingham, three hundred and five pieces of Salt Meat, at two Shillings per Piece amounting to thirty pounds, ten shillings. Daniel Corneille Esqr. this day applied to pay seven hundred pounds, into the Honorable Company's Cash, which Sum We have received and given him Bills of Exchange, drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors, payable to John Callcraft Esqr. (or Order) at Ninety Days Sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The passengers of the Nottingham were listed as follows, and her commander, Peter Stoakes, signed the roll. Passengers Lieutenant Colonel Thornton Captain De la Douespe Captain Wedderburn Mr Fleetwood Mr Madeen Mr Bulton Mr Lowes Mr Buxton Master Thomas Gibson Master Charles Gibson Six servants The Council bought 305 pieces of salt meat for the Company from John Reed, the first mate of the Nottingham, at 2s a piece, a total of £30 10s 0d. Daniel Corneille asked the Council to let him pay £700 0s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, payable at 90 days' sight to John Calland or his order. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations The salt meat came from the first mate, not from the ship's owners. Officers of an East Indiaman were allowed to carry a quantity of goods on their own account. Surplus provisions were part of that private trade, and the mate sold them to the Company in his own name at the island's standard price. Corneille sent home £700 0s 0d, more than twice his yearly pay as Lieutenant Governor and captain together. The remittance came a fortnight after the Council approved enlarging his house at Longwood instead of building him a new one. That decision saved the Company money but cost Corneille nothing, since the Company still paid for the work. His fortune, like those of Bazett and Wrangham, came largely from outside his salary.
444	437	19th February At a Consultation held on Monday the 19th Day of February 1776. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. Willm. Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 12th February 1776. Tuesday the 13th Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Nottingham for England Thursday the 15 Arrived the Lord North's Boat at Banks's at four o'Clock in the Afternoon do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Lord North from China, and brought Us the following Supplys. Invoice of Ship Lord North Pe., Cat., T., Mas, Tales, m, c, c Bohea Tea 13 Chests of: Pe. 16, Cat. 72, T. 13, Mas 500, Tales 216, m 9, c 4, c 5 Congo Tea 10 do.: Pe. 6, Cat. 30, T. 22, Mas 0, Tales 138, m 6, c 0, c 0 Singlo Tea 10 do.: Pe. 5, Cat. 85, T. 21, Mas 0, Tales 122, m 8, c 5, c 0 Hyson Tea 1 do.: Pe. 0, Cat. 38, T. 50, Mas 0, Tales 19, m 0, c 0, c 0 Souchong Tea 1 do.: Pe. 0, Cat. 33, T. 50, Mas 0, Tales 16, m 5, c 0, c 0 Sugar Candy first sort 8 Chests: Pe. 16, Cat. 37, T. 9, Mas 500, Tales 155, m 5, c 1, c 5 Sugar Candy second Sort 16 do.: Pe. 33, Cat. 09, T. 7, Mas 600, Tales 251, m 4, c 8, c 4 China Ware 10 do.: Pe. 0, Cat. 0, T. 0, Mas 0, Tales 126, m 4, c 1, c 0 Cannisters 40 for the Hyson & Souchong Tea at 150: Pe. 0, Cat. 0, T. 0, Mas 0, Tales 6, m 0, c 0, c 0 Tales: Pe. 0, Cat. 0, T. 0, Mas 0, Tales 1053, m 3, c 0, c 4 Canton 20th November 1775 Errors Excepted (Signed) Henry Brown John Harrison W. Henry Pigou Geo. Rogers Abraham Roebuck Edward Phipps Franl. Wood Junr. Mattw. Raper Junr. Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of January last, which is as follows Viz.	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 19 February 1776. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 12 February 1776. The Company's ship Nottingham sailed for England on Tuesday 13 February 1776. The boat of the Lord North reached Banks's at four o'clock in the afternoon on Thursday 15 February 1776. The Company's ship Lord North arrived from China the same day and brought the following supplies, valued in taels, mace, candareens and cash. Invoice of the ship Lord North Bohea tea, 13 chests, 16 piculs 7 catties at 13 taels 5 mace a picul, 216 taels 9 mace 4 candareens 5 cash Congou tea, 10 chests, 6 piculs 30 catties at 22 taels a picul, 138 taels 6 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Singlo tea, 10 chests, 5 piculs 85 catties at 21 taels a picul, 122 taels 8 mace 5 candareens 0 cash Hyson tea, 1 chest, 38 catties at 50 taels a picul, 19 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Souchong tea, 1 chest, 33 catties at 50 taels a picul, 16 taels 5 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Sugar candy first grade, 8 chests, 16 piculs 37 catties at 9 taels 5 mace a picul, 155 taels 5 mace 1 candareen 5 cash Sugar candy second grade, 16 chests, 33 piculs 9 catties at 7 taels 6 mace a picul, 251 taels 4 mace 8 candareens 4 cash China, 10 chests, 126 taels 4 mace 1 candareen 0 cash Canisters for the hyson and souchong tea, 40 at 150 cash each, 6 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Total, 1,053 taels 3 mace 0 candareens 4 cash The supercargoes Henry Browne, John Harrison, William Henry Pigou, George Rogers, Abraham Roebuck, Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior and Matthew Raper junior signed the invoice at Canton on 20 November 1775, subject to correction of any errors. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for January 1776. Interpretations The Council's letter of 12 April 1775 had asked Canton to send only the cheaper second grade of sugar candy. The Royal Charlotte's invoice of January 1775 had carried 10 chests of the first grade and 13 of the second. This new invoice, signed in November 1775, carried 8 chests of the first grade and 16 of the second. The supercargoes had shifted the balance towards the cheaper grade but had not dropped the dearer one. Either the letter had reached them too late to change a cargo already being packed, or they kept a share of the fine grade for the Castle table and the island's better households. Meanwhile the stores still held 95 cwt of fine candy from earlier shipments.
445	438	19th February Cash Dr. 1776 Jany. 1st To Balance remaining £ 13000 17 6½ 8th To Exchange for two Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable as follow Viz. One Set to Captn. James Rees £ 1000 do. do. to Fredk. Hinley Esqr. 500 1500 .. .. To Ship Northumberland 3 16 .. 29th To Fines received of George Alexander as per Consultation of this Day 2 .. .. £ 14506 13 6½ Per Contra Cr. 1776 Jany. 31 By Balance remaining Viz. In Specie £ 13966 18 6½ In Cash Notes 539 15 .. 14506 13 6½ £ 14506 13 6½	The Company's cash account for January 1776 recorded the money received and the balance at the end of the month. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the account. Cash, debit 1 January 1776, balance remaining, £13,000 17s 6½d 8 January 1776, exchange for two sets of bills on the Court of Directors Set payable to Captain James Rees, £1,000 0s 0d Set payable to Frederick Hindly, £500 0s 0d Total for the two sets, £1,500 0s 0d 8 January 1776, ship Northumberland, £3 16s 0d 29 January 1776, fine received from George Alexander, as recorded in the minutes of that day, £2 0s 0d Total, £14,506 13s 6½d Cash, credit 31 January 1776, balance remaining in coin, £13,966 18s 6½d 31 January 1776, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £14,506 13s 6½d Total, £14,506 13s 6½d Interpretations The fine on George Alexander for his cruelty to Abigail went straight into the treasury, entered beside the bills of exchange and the ship's payment as an ordinary receipt. Like the £3 0s 0d paid by Richard Mason for slander in July 1775, it went to the Company and not to the person wronged. Abigail received nothing beyond the surgeon's care that her master had been ordered to pay for. The penalty answered to the Council's authority, not to the injury she had suffered.
446	439	1776 Ralph Clavering Private this Day Petitioned for his Discharge from the Garrison, having served the Honorable Company his Contracted time. Granted The Storekeeper this Day delivered the following Account of Stores Short received from Ship Lord North. Account of Stores short Received from Ship Lord North. Q. .. 17 lb. Candy Short Weight 8 Octagon Meat Dishes 10 do. do. Plates 17 do. Soup do. 7 Bowls 13 Sneakers 1 Guglet and Bason 4 Chamber Pots 18 Half Pint Cups and Saucers 10 Quart do. do. and do. Found broke upon opening the Packages which were in good Order. St. Helena 19th February 1776. (Signed) Jonn. Doveton John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Ralph Clavering, a private, asked to be discharged from the garrison, having served the Company for the full term he had signed for. The Council granted his request. The storekeeper presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Lord North. Jonathan Doveton signed it at St Helena on 19 February 1776, and Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham also signed it. Stores short delivered from the ship Lord North Sugar candy, 0 cwt 3 qr 17 lb, short in weight Octagonal meat dishes, 8 Octagonal plates, 10 Octagonal soup plates, 17 Bowls, 7 Sneakers, 13 Guglet and basin, 1 set Chamber pots, 4 Half-pint cups and saucers, 10 Quart cups and saucers, 10 China all found broken when the packages were opened, though the packages arrived intact Interpretations Nearly 80 pieces of china from the Lord North's ten chests arrived broken. The packages were sound, so the fault lay in the packing at Canton, and the loss fell on the Company rather than on the ship. Porcelain travelled as ballast beneath the tea, where it bore the weight of the cargo above and the working of the hull in heavy seas. Breakage on this scale was part of the price of china cheap enough to sell on the island for less than English earthenware.
447	440	23d February At a Consultation held on Friday the 23d Day of February 1776 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 19th February 1776. Tuesday the 20th Arrived the Colebrook's Boat at Banks's at twelve o'Clock at Noon. do. do. Honble. Company's Ship Colebrook from Madrass (last from the Cape) Thursday the 22d Arrived the Calcutta's Boat at Banks's at half an hour past eight o'Clock in the Morning do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Calcutta from Bombay (last from the Cape.) Last Night passed by six Ships supposed to be Dutch. The Ships Colebrooke and Calcutta brought Us the following Supplys. Invoice of Ship Colebroke. Rice 37 Bags pr. Gross 44 .. .. 16 Tare at 4 lb. each 1 .. .. 16 Neat Wt. 43 .. .. .. or 4816 lb. or 208½ Maunds at Pgs. 21 .. 7 per Garse 52 12 5 Paddy 34 Bags pr. Gross 31 .. 3 .. 7 Tare at 4 lb. each 1 .. .. 24 30 .. 2 .. 11 or 3427 lb. or 250 Maunds at 10 Maunds per Pagoda 25 .. .. Batavia Arrack 2 Leaguers Containing 262 Gallons at Pags. 44 per Leaguer 88 .. .. Carried Over 165 12 5	The Council met at the Castle on Friday 23 February 1776. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 19 February 1776. The boat of the Colebrooke reached Banks's at noon on Tuesday 20 February 1776. The Company's ship Colebrooke arrived the same day from Madras, coming last from the Cape. The boat of the Calcutta reached Banks's at half past eight in the morning on Thursday 22 February 1776, and the Company's ship Calcutta arrived the same day from Bombay, also coming last from the Cape. Six ships, believed to be Dutch, passed the island the night before the meeting. The Colebrooke and the Calcutta brought the following supplies. The Colebrooke's invoice was valued in pagodas, fanams and cash. Invoice of the ship Colebrooke Rice, 37 bags, gross weight 44 cwt 0 qr 16 lb Tare at 4 lb a bag, 1 cwt 0 qr 16 lb Net weight of rice, 43 cwt 0 qr 0 lb, or 4,816 lb, being 208½ maunds at 100 pagodas 21 fanams 7 cash a garce, 52 pagodas 12 fanams 5 cash Paddy, 34 bags, gross weight 31 cwt 3 qr 7 lb Tare at 4 lb a bag, 1 cwt 0 qr 24 lb Net weight of paddy, 30 cwt 2 qr 11 lb, or 3,427 lb, being 250 maunds at 10 marcals a pagoda, 25 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers containing 262 gallons at 44 pagodas a leaguer, 88 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Carried forward, 165 pagodas 12 fanams 5 cash Interpretations Six Dutch ships passing together at night was most likely the homeward fleet of the Dutch East India Company, which sailed from the Cape in convoy each year. The Dutch called at their own station at the Cape and rarely stopped at St Helena. A fleet passing in darkness gave the garrison no chance to identify it by daylight signals, which is why the record could only say the ships were believed to be Dutch.
448	441	1776 Brought Over 165 12 5 Charges Merchandize Gunney Bags 132 at Pags. 3 per Cent 4 .. 2 .. 13 Twine to mend the Bags .. .. 2 .. 40 Tin Plates & Nails .. .. 9 .. .. Cooley hire on Rice, Paddy & Arrack .. .. 34 .. .. Weighing Cooley for 17 at 20 per Candy .. .. 4 .. 20 Boat and Cooley hire on 3 Boats at 14 .. 20 per Bt. 1 .. 6 .. 60 Tarpauling hire on 2 Boats at 4 .. .. 8 .. .. 6 30 53 Pagodas 172 6 50 Errors Excepted (Signed) George Moubray, Accountant Invoice of Ship Calcutta Rice Beaten 45 Bags Viz. 44 Bags each 6½ per Maunds are 287 per Md. 1 do. Containing 3 do. 45 Bags 300 Mds. at 1 Rupee per Md. 300 .. .. Batty 32 Bags is 3 Parahs or 3 Md. at 22½ Rupees per Md. [...] Charges on Merchandize Viz. Batty Bags & Gunney Pieces for the Rice 46 3 .. Gunny Pieces for the Paddy 8 .. .. Sewing & Twine for sewing Bags for Rice & Batty 5 .. .. Hamallage on the Rice 1 .. 50 do. on the Batty 1 2 40 Boat hire on the Rice & Batty 5 .. .. 6[...] Rupees 45[...] Bombay August 31st 1775 Errors Excepted (Signed) D. Draper Accountt. NB. One Bag of Batty has been returned from on Board this Ship Containing 3 Pa. at 22½ Rs. per Md. amounts to Rupees 2 .. 0 .. 00	The Colebrooke's invoice continued from the total of 165 pagodas 12 fanams 5 cash brought forward, with the charges on the goods. Brought forward, 165 pagodas 12 fanams 5 cash Charges on the goods Gunny bags, 132 at 3 pagodas per 100, 4 pagodas 2 fanams 13 cash Twine to sew the bags, 0 pagodas 2 fanams 40 cash Tin plates and nails, 0 pagodas 9 fanams 0 cash Porters' hire for the rice, paddy and arrack, 0 pagodas 34 fanams 0 cash Porters for weighing, 17 at 20 cash each, 0 pagodas 4 fanams 20 cash Boat and porters' hire for 3 boats at 10 fanams 20 cash a boat, 1 pagoda 6 fanams 60 cash Tarpaulin hire for 2 boats at 4 fanams a boat, 0 pagodas 8 fanams 0 cash Total charges, 6 pagodas 30 fanams 53 cash Total, 172 pagodas 6 fanams 58 cash George Moubray signed the invoice as accountant, subject to correction of any errors. The Calcutta's invoice from Bombay was valued in rupees, quarters and reas. Invoice of the ship Calcutta Beaten rice, 45 bags 44 bags of 6½ maunds each, 287 maunds 20 lb 1 bag containing 3 [...] Total beaten rice, 45 bags, 300 maunds at 1 rupee a maund, 300 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Batty, 32 bags, 3 parahs [...] at 22½ rupees a [...], 8[...] rupees Charges on the goods Batty bags and gunny pieces for the rice, 46 rupees 3 quarters 0 reas Gunny pieces for the batty, 8 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Sacking and twine to sew the bags for the rice and batty, 5 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Porterage on the rice, 1 rupee 0 quarters 50 reas Porterage on the batty, 1 rupee 2 quarters 40 reas Boat hire for the rice and batty, 5 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Total charges, 6[...] rupees Total, 45[...] rupees [...] Draper signed the invoice as accountant at Bombay on 31 August 1775, subject to correction of any errors. A note recorded that one bag of batty, containing 3 [...] at 22½ rupees a [...], had been returned from on board the ship, to the value of 2 rupees 3 [...]. Interpretations Bombay sent rice and batty, the Malabar coast's name for unhusked rice, the same grain Madras and Bengal called paddy. Beaten rice was rice pounded in a wooden mortar to strip the husk, the usual way of cleaning grain on the west coast of India. A parah was a Bombay grain measure, and the rupee there was divided into four quarters of 100 reas each. Porterage was the charge for the porters who carried the bags to the boats. The returned bag was taken off the invoice because the ship had no room for it or it was found damaged before sailing, so the island would not pay for grain it never received.
449	442	23d February Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Ship Lord North to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows. Muster Roll of Ship Lord North. Willm. Hambly Commander John Fast 1st Mate Thomas Allen 2d do. John Seward 3 do. Will. Hedges 4th do. John Dewar Purser Wm. Rogers Midshipman Benl. Fading Midshipman John Leadbetter do. George Key do. John Johnson do. Wm. Humphrys do. Jas. Hutton Doctor Mt. John Cammel Boatswn. W. Jackson Carpenter Thos. Baker Captn. Stewd. Henry Ross Ships do. Peter Galley 2d Master George Collier do. Thos. Selling do. Martin Blue do. Wm. Hares do. John Linnes Gunr. Mt. John Bridgmain Boatn. do. John Davis do. do. James Cook Ships Cook Saml. Wallis Caulker Richd. Heather Caulk. Mt. Alexr. Frather Cooper Thos. Miller Coopers Mt. Wm. Walling Carpentr. do. John Mayburn 2d do. Ambrose Crook Sailmaker Geo. Allworthy Butcher Thos. Arnol Armourer Wm. Jason Captn. Cook Wm. Cutchinson Poulterer John Robinson Seaman Stephen Burton Wm. Pritchard Richd. Ward Wm. Haddock John Green Thomas Lessly Thos. Parker Chas. Crouch Robt. Indler Hugh Ennis Robt. Rankin John Myers Thos. Masfield Patrick Bennet James Edmond Philip Ferraro Thos. Anderson Jeremiah Organ Wm. Gibson Wm. Sinclay James Miles Wm. Helm Geo. Tennison Thos. Brown Robt. Willington John Bishop Saml. Hayes Seaman Malcomb Macgregor Malcomb Laurance Wm. Jackson John King Timothy Clements Adam Thompson Wm. Fergusson Geo. Hodge Joseph Cook Franl. Antony Thos. Clarke John Clemens John Young Jeffery Jacks Gilbert Trushot John Wilson Joseph Orman Wm. Simson Geo. Jackson Michl. Granger Henry Craw John London Geo. Fergenson Wm. Cornhill John Cross Thos. North John McHalick Danl. Pearson Wm. Stewart Joseph Nelson John Cammel	William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the Lord North to muster her crew and to search for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll followed. Muster roll of the ship Lord North William Hambly, commander John Fast, first mate Thomas Allen, second mate John Seward, third mate William Hodges, fourth mate John Dewar, purser William Rogers, midshipman and coxswain Robert Tisking, midshipman John Leadbetter, midshipman George Key, midshipman John Selmon, midshipman William Humphreys, midshipman James Hutton, surgeon's mate John Cammel, boatswain's mate William Dickson, carpenter Thomas Baker, captain's steward Henry Ross, ship's steward Peter Dalloy, second mate's mate George Silber, second mate's mate Thomas Selling, second mate's mate Martin Blue, second mate's mate William Hares, second mate's mate John Simes, gunner's mate John Bridgman, boatswain's mate John Dawe, boatswain's mate James Cook, ship's cook Samuel Wallis, caulker Richard Heather, caulker's mate Alexander Frather, cooper Thomas Miller, cooper's mate William Walling, carpenter's first mate John Mayburn, carpenter's second mate Ambrose Crook, sailmaker George Allworthy, butcher Thomas Arnol, armourer William Jason, captain's cook William Hutchinson, poulterer John Robinson, seaman Stephen Burton, seaman William Pritchard, seaman Richard Ward, seaman William Haddock, seaman John Green, seaman Thomas Sissle, seaman Thomas Parker, seaman Charles Crouch, seaman Robert Sadler, seaman Hugh Morriss, seaman Robert Rankin, seaman John Meyers, seaman Thomas Maxfield, seaman Patrick Bennet, seaman James Edmond, seaman Philip Ferraro, seaman Thomas Anderson, seaman Jeremiah Organ, seaman William Gibson, seaman William Sinclair, seaman James Miles, seaman William Filmer, seaman George Timson, seaman Thomas Bowen, seaman Robert Willington, seaman John Bishop, seaman Samuel Hayes, seaman Malcolm MacGregor, seaman Malcolm Lawrence, seaman William Jackson, seaman John King, seaman Timothy Clements, seaman Adam Thompson, seaman William Fergusson, seaman George Hodge, seaman Joseph Cook, seaman Francis Antony, seaman Thomas Clarke, seaman John Clemons, seaman John Young, seaman Joseph Jacks, seaman Gilbert Truskot, seaman John Wilson, seaman Joseph Osman, seaman William Simson, seaman George Jackson, seaman Michael Granger, seaman Henry Cross, seaman John London, seaman George Fergusson, seaman William Cornhill, seaman John Cross, seaman Thomas North, seaman John McKelick, seaman Daniel Pearson, seaman William Stewart, seaman Joseph Nelson, seaman John Cammel, seaman
450	443	1776 Passengers Viz. John Hunter Esqr. Mr. John Baines Mr. Thomas Foxhall. (Signed) William Hambly John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Lord North carried three passengers, and her commander, William Hambly, signed the roll. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham also signed the entry. Passengers John Hunter John Baines Thomas Foxhall
451	444	26th February At a Consultation held on Monday the 26 Day of February 1776 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 23 February 1776. Friday the 2d Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Lord North for England Yesterday Arrived the Salisbury's Boat at Banks's at mid night do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Salisbury from Bengal (last from the Cape) and brought Us the following Supplys. Invoice of Ship Salisbury Fine Rice 170 Bags Weight 240 Bs. Mds. at 2 Rs. per Md. 556 13 .. Paddy 80 Bags do. 120 [...] Mds. at [...] per Md. 121 13 .. Sugar 10 Bags do. 20 do. at 9 .. 8 per Md. 205 3 .. Wax Candles 4 Chests do. 8 do. at 60 per Md. 480 .. .. Guernseys 2 Bales Containg. 500 Ps. at 22 per Cent 118 12 9 Batavia Arrack 2 Leaguers at 200 Rs. per Leaguer 432 .. .. Madeira Wine 2 Pipes at 255 .. 8 .. 3 per Pipe 511 .. 6 2425 11 3 Charges Merchandize 20 Jute Twine at 4 .. 8 per Md. 2 .. 4 .. 20 Jute Rope at 3 .. 8 per Md. 1 .. 12 .. 24 Gunneys at 22 per Cent 5 .. 11 .. 3 Pr. Gunnah at 1 .. 4 per Pair 4 .. .. 9 3 Nails at 7 per [...] 1 .. 4 .. 6 67 Reed Matts at 12 .. 8 per Cent 9 .. .. 9 4 Mango Plank Chests at 3 per [...] 12 .. 15 .. 6 Oil at 10 .. 8 per Md. .. .. .. 6 340 Gunney Bags at 26 per Cent 88 .. .. 2 Prome atchd. 2 .. 2 .. 6 Packermens Work 1 .. 9 .. 6 Weighmans Work .. .. 10 .. 6 Cooley hire 36 .. 6 .. 6 Boat hire 1 .. 12 .. 6 Coopers Work 2 .. 2 .. 6 Carried Over 169 15 .. 2425 11 3	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 26 February 1776. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 23 February 1776. The Company's ship Lord North sailed for England on Friday 23 February 1776. The boat of the Salisbury reached Banks's at midnight on Sunday 25 February 1776. The Company's ship Salisbury arrived the same day from Bengal, coming last from the Cape, and brought the following supplies, valued in current rupees, annas and pies. Invoice of the ship Salisbury Fine rice, 120 bags weighing 240 bazaar maunds at [...] a maund, 556 rupees 13 annas 0 pies Paddy, 80 bags weighing 120 factory maunds at [...] a maund, 121 rupees 13 annas 0 pies Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds at [...] a maund, 205 rupees 3 annas 0 pies Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds at 60 rupees a maund, 480 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Gunny cloth, 2 bales containing 500 pieces at 22 rupees per 100, 118 rupees 12 annas 9 pies Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers at 200 current rupees a leaguer, 432 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Madeira wine, 2 pipes at 255 rupees 8 annas 3 pies a pipe, 511 rupees 0 annas 6 pies Total for the goods, 2,425 rupees 11 annas 3 pies Charges on the goods Jute twine, 20 seers at 4 rupees 8 annas a maund, 2 rupees 4 annas 0 pies Jute rope, 20 seers at 3 rupees 8 annas a maund, 1 rupee 12 annas 0 pies Gunny cloths, 24 at 22 rupees per 100, 5 rupees 11 annas 0 pies Gurrah cloth, 3 pieces at 1 rupee 4 annas a piece, 4 rupees 0 annas 9 pies Nails, 3 seers, 1 rupee 4 annas 6 pies Reed mats, 67 at 12 rupees 8 annas per 100, 9 rupees 0 annas 9 pies Mango-wood chests, 4 at 3 rupees each, 12 rupees 15 annas 6 pies Oil, 3 seers at 10 rupees 8 annas a maund, 0 rupees 0 annas 6 pies Gunny bags, 340 at 26 rupees per 100, 88 rupees 0 annas 3 pies Peons in attendance, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pies Packers' work, 1 rupee 9 annas 6 pies Weighmen's work, 0 rupees 10 annas 6 pies Porters' hire, 36 rupees 4 annas 6 pies Duty, 1 rupee 12 annas 6 pies Coopers' work, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pies Charges carried forward, 169 rupees 15 annas 0 pies Carried forward, 2,425 rupees 11 annas 3 pies Interpretations The Salisbury brought two pipes of Madeira from Bengal, the first of the island's yearly supply for 1776. The Council's letter of 24 June 1775 had asked Bengal to send six pipes every season. Shipping them two at a time across several vessels spread the risk of loss, as Bengal had done with the island's rice and sugar. The cargo also again held ten bags of sugar and two bales of gunny cloth, though the Council had asked in June 1775 for both to stop. The request had perhaps not yet reached Calcutta before the season's goods were loaded.
452	445	1776 Brought Over 2425 10 3 Charges Merchandize Brought Over 169 15 .. Ros dakes for Number .. 4 .. Boat hire 6 7 6 Sloop Hire 232 .. .. 408 10 6 Current Rupees 2834 4 9 Errors Excepted (Signed) Wm. Larkins, Sub Accountt. Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board of the Ships Colebrooke and Calcutta to Muster their Company's and enquire for Deserters but found none their Muster Rolls are as follow Viz. Muster Roll of Ship Colebrooke. Arthur Morris Commander Henry Piscall 1st Mate Richd. Edwards 2d do. John Wood 3 do. Willm. Shey 4 do. Fredk. Thenger 5 do. Upperton Beard Surgeon Edward Towry Purser Willm. Gibbons Boatswain John Gazey Gunner John Pelly Carpenter Chs. Gladwin Midshipn. John Gaw do. John Wagan do. Joseph Parker Quartr. Master Robt. Marshall do. Thos. Smith do. Thos. Foster do. Wm. Lister Ships Stewd. Thos. Stephens Captn. do. Danl. Tyrell Caulker Wm. Jones Sailmaker Wm. Griffiths Armourer John Williams Captn. Cook Edwd. Miller Ships do. Franl. Tallfoot Butcher John Williams Surg. Mate Patrick Sinclair Gunr. do. Henry Mitchel Carpr. do. Geo. Smedmore do. 2d do. Edwd. Gasby Caulkers do. James King Captn. Servt. Johanna Seaman Willm. Evans Willm. Danton John Rains Chs. Williams Seaman Wm. Sayburke Charles Ashly Thos. Archer John Brown Danl. Brown Robt. Brown John Barrick Wm. Bostwick Wm. Blyphenden James Bishop John Conner Jacob Crump Thos. Cockran Wm. Davenport Wm. Earnshaw Wilmot Farr Owen Fincham	The Salisbury's invoice closed from the totals brought forward, and William Larkins signed it as sub-accountant, subject to correction of any errors. Brought forward, 2,425 rupees 10 annas 3 pies Charges brought forward, 169 rupees 15 annas 0 pies [...] for numbering, 0 rupees 4 annas 0 pies Boat hire, 6 rupees 7 annas 6 pies Sloop hire, 232 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Total charges, 408 rupees 10 annas 6 pies Total in current rupees, 2,834 rupees 4 annas 9 pies William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the Colebrooke and the Calcutta to muster their crews and to search for deserters. He found none. Their muster rolls followed. Muster roll of the ship Colebrooke Arthur Morris, commander Henry Pascall, first mate Richard Edwards, second mate John Wood, third mate William Shey, fourth mate Frederick Thenger, fifth mate Upfranck Beaver, surgeon Edward Towey, purser William Gibbons, boatswain John Garey, gunner John Pelly, carpenter Charles Gladwin, midshipman John Gaw, midshipman John Wagan, midshipman Joseph Parker, quartermaster Robert Marshall, quartermaster Thomas Smith, quartermaster Thomas Foster, quartermaster William Lester, ship's steward Thomas Stephens, captain's steward David Tyrell, caulker William Jones, sailmaker William Griffiths, armourer John Williams, captain's cook Edward Miller, ship's cook Francis Tallbott, butcher John Williams, surgeon's mate Patrick Sinclair, gunner's mate Henry Mitchel, carpenter's first mate George Smedmore, carpenter's second mate Edward Gasby, caulker's mate James King, captain's servant Johanna, seaman William Evans, seaman William Denton, seaman John Reaves, seaman Charles Williams, seaman William Tayburke, seaman Charles Ashly, seaman Thomas Archer, seaman John Brown, seaman David Brown, seaman Robert Brown, seaman John Barrick, seaman William Bostwick, seaman William Blysherden, seaman James Bishop, seaman John Conner, seaman Jacob Crump, seaman Thomas Cockran, seaman William Davenport, seaman William Earnshaw, seaman Wilmot Farr, seaman Owen Fincham, seaman Interpretations Sloop hire on the Salisbury's goods reached 232 rupees, more than half of all her charges and higher than on any Bengal ship in 1775. The Madeira pipes were heavy and needed careful handling, and the long passage down the Hooghly to the anchorage of the Company's ships was a cost the island bore on every cargo. It explains again why the Council found Bengal's goods dear and asked for cheaper sources wherever it could. A seaman entered by the single name Johanna was probably a sailor from the island of Anjouan, called Johanna by English seamen. East Indiamen bound for India often watered at Johanna in the Comoro Islands and sometimes took on local men to replace sailors lost to sickness.
453	446	26th February Alexd. Gill Seaman Richard Green Danl. Gillis Nathl. George Willm. Hoare Willm. Hope Garrett Hyson Jonn. Hawkins John Hiebett Richard Hills Philip Jones Thos. Leake Willm. Morris Seaman Henry Morris John Morris John McDonald John Martin Henry Mason John Palmer Geo. Peverill Ezekiel Russell Wm. Sampson Robt. Seale Thos. Smith Seaman John Smith John Thompson Oliver Tate Barthw. Tinmouth Geo. Whitfield Class Witcher James Willson John Wimblecomb John Iron John Henry Salt Wm. Smith Passengers Genl. Joseph Smith Colonel Bonjour Captain Boswell Mr. Barnes Mr. Redhead Mr. Parkinson Willm. Brooke Henry Brook Children Chas. Casar, Servt. Charter Party Passengers Robert Smith Richard Green Charles Davies Robt. Walker Henry Vigo James Lowes Enoch Lewis John Evans Timothy Earle Peter Seward Wm. Dobson Patrick Fry Willm. Cockran Alexd. Gordon Benjn. Weston Seaman Discharged from the Navy James Gall Benjn. Long David Willson Richard Taylor John Hart Richd. Deverill Wm. Allington David Bell Wm. Harris Willm. Pepper Signed Arthur Morris	The muster roll of the Colebrooke continued with the rest of her crew and her passengers, and her commander, Arthur Morris, signed it. Alexander Gill, seaman Richard Green, seaman David Gillis, seaman Nathaniel George, seaman William Hoare, seaman William Hope, seaman Garret Hyson, seaman Jonathan Hawkins, seaman John Hebbett, seaman Richard Hills, seaman Philip Lowe, seaman Thomas Leake, seaman William Morris, seaman Henry Morris, seaman John Morris, seaman John McDonald, seaman John Martin, seaman Henry Mason, seaman John Palmer, seaman George Poverell, seaman Ezekiel Russell, seaman William Sampson, seaman Robert Seale, seaman Thomas Smith, seaman John Smith, seaman John Thompson, seaman Oliver Tate, seaman Bartholomew Tinmouth, seaman George Whitfield, seaman Classen Witcher, seaman James Willson, seaman John Wimblecomb, seaman John Iron, seaman John Henry Salt, seaman William Smith, seaman Passengers General Joseph Smith Colonel Bonjour Captain Boswell Mr Barnes Mr Redhead Mr Parkinson William Brooks, child Henry Brook, child Charles Caesar, servant Passengers under the charter party Robert Smith Richard Green Charles Jones Robert Walker Henry Vigo James Lowes Peter Seward William Dobson Patrick Fry William Cockran Alexander Gordon Benjamin Weston David Willson Richard Taylor John Hart Richard Deverill William Allington David Bell Seamen discharged from the Navy Enoch Lewis John Evans Timothy Earle James Gall Benjamin Long William Harris William Pepper Interpretations General Joseph Smith was the commander of the Company's army at Madras. He had led its forces in the wars against Hyder Ali of Mysore in the late 1760s and against Tanjore in 1773. His passage home through St Helena, like Colonel Champion's from Bengal in 1775, shows how the island saw the leading figures of the Company's eastern wars pass through as passengers. The passengers under the charter party were men the Company obliged the owners to carry at a fixed rate, usually invalid soldiers or discharged servants being sent home at the Company's cost. The seamen discharged from the Navy were sailors released from King's ships serving in the Indian Ocean, given passage home on the Company's ship.
454	447	1776 Muster Roll of Ship Calcutta Willm. Thomson Commandr. John Nichols 1st Mate J. W. Fleeman 2d do. Patrick Burt 3d do. Wm. Smith 4th do. Geo. Mount 5th do. John Bally Purser James Davidson Surgeon Robt. Main Gunner Benjn. Favell Boatswain Thos. Draper Carpenter Thos. Linnow Midsn. & Quar. James Canning Midshipn. Charles Dundass do. John Haig do. John Grammond Caspr. John Page Captn. Cook James Peterson do. Stewd. John Inship Ships do. Richard Petell Caulker Thos. Bastard Armourer Alexr. Buchanan Carpr. Mt. David Gray do. John Dean Boatn. Mt. David Malster do. Henry Sergeant Carpenr. do. Geo. Simson Gunners do. John White Poulterer James Lawson Baker Willm. Hodges Butcher John Musgrove Taylor Patrick Conner 2d Master Christ. Herring do. John Mitchell do. John Phillips do. James Moorhouse Sailmkr. Robt. Ballard Seaman Willm. Reed Thos. Malcomb Alexand. Hayne Henry Collins Oliver Martin Robt. Thomson John Paterson James Davidson John Clarke Geo. Burnett John Thompson John Mosback Wm. Addison James Duncan John Sharpe Geo. Adrees Anthy. Davis John Bennet Edward Pear John Martin James Smart Andrew Abbot Wm. Pennyngham Peter Grieve John Burnford Edward Wilks James Laird Henry Spencer Philip Mortimer Wm. Suter Michl. Somerland John Bowler Wm. Stewart Geo. Langly Peter Farrington Thos. Haines Seaman Thos. Wharton Robt. Thompson Willm. Ridgley James Allen Jack Black Joseph Black Joseph Ives Emanuel De Gasher Michael Shail John Nagne John Russell John Crew John Evans John Corney Edward Whiteland John Harrison John Randall John Gordon Michl. Beauham Danl. Howard James Ellack Thomas Burr James Neale Michl. Young Wm. Cochran John Longstaff Cornel. Murphy James McKenzie Richd. McEvoy John Simmonds John Sandfield Wm. Blackstone John Raymond James Phillips Wm. Ewart	Muster roll of the ship Calcutta William Thomson, commander John Nichols, first mate J. W. Fleeman, second mate Patrick Burt, third mate William Smith, fourth mate George Mount, fifth mate John Bally, purser James Davidson, surgeon Robert Main, gunner Benjamin Favett, boatswain Thomas Draper, carpenter Edward Lancey, midshipman and coxswain James Canning, midshipman Charles Dundas, midshipman John Haig, midshipman John Grammond, cooper John Page, captain's cook James Roberson, captain's steward John Inskip, ship's steward Richard Pobell, caulker Thomas Bastard, armourer Alexander Buchanan, carpenter's mate David Gray, carpenter's mate John Dean, boatswain's mate David Malster, boatswain's mate Henry Sergeant, carpenter's second mate George Simson, gunner's mate John White, poulterer James Lawson, baker William Hodges, butcher John Musgrove, tailor Patrick Conner, second mate's mate Christopher Herring, second mate's mate John Mitchell, second mate's mate John Phillips, second mate's mate James Moorhouse, sailmaker Robert Ballard, seaman William Reed, seaman Thomas Malcomb, seaman Alexander Hayne, seaman Henry Collins, seaman Oliver Martin, seaman Robert Thomson, seaman John Paterson, seaman James Davidson, seaman John Clarke, seaman George Burnett, seaman John Thompson, seaman John Morback, seaman William Addison, seaman James Duncan, seaman John Sharpe, seaman George Adrees, seaman Archibald Daily, seaman John Brumhead, seaman Edward Peirce, seaman John Martin, seaman James Smart, seaman Andrew Abbot, seaman William Penningham, seaman Peter Grieve, seaman John Bamford, seaman Edward Wilks, seaman James Laird, seaman Henry Spencer, seaman Philip Martimore, seaman William Suter, seaman Michael Somerland, seaman John Bowler, seaman William Stewart, seaman George Langley, seaman Peter Farrington, seaman Thomas Haines, seaman Thomas Wharton, seaman Robert Thompson, seaman William Kidgly, seaman James Allen, seaman Jack Black, seaman Joseph Black, seaman Joseph Ives, seaman Emanuel de Gasba, seaman Michael Shail, seaman John Nagle, seaman John Russell, seaman John Crow, seaman John Evans, seaman John Corry, seaman Edward Whiteland, seaman John Harrison, seaman John Randall, seaman John Gordon, seaman Michael Brenham, seaman David Howard, seaman James Ellock, seaman Thomas Burn, seaman James Neale, seaman Michael Young, seaman William Cochrane, seaman John Longstaff, seaman Cornelius Murphy, seaman James McKenzie, seaman Richard McCoy, seaman John Simmonds, seaman John Sandfield, seaman William Blackstone, seaman John Raymond, seaman James Phillips, seaman William Ewart, seaman
455	448	26th February Passengers Commodore Nesbitt Captain Cheney Mr. Skinner Mr. Haffey Mr. Broad Mr. Forbes Mrs. Brewer Mrs. Williamson Mrs. Favell (Signed) William Thomson William Hurst Matross this Day applied to Us for his Discharge from the Garrison having procured James Lowes a Discharged Man from Madrass to serve the remainder of his Contracted time. Granted John Anderson Matross this Day applied to Us for his Discharge from the Garrison, having served the Honorable Company his Contracted time. Granted The Storekeeper this Day Delivered the following Account of Stores Short received from Ships Calcutta and Colebrooke. Account of Stores Short Received from the following Ships Viz. Calcutta 4 .. 2 .. 18 Rice Short weight occasioned by Wastage 10 .. 2 .. Paddy in seven Bags not Delivered	The Calcutta's passengers were listed as follows, and her commander, William Thomson, signed the roll. Passengers Commodore Nesbitt Captain Cheney Mr Skinner Mr Haffey Mr Bread Mr Jobes Mrs Brewer Mrs Williamson Mrs Favell William Hurst, a matross, asked to be discharged from the garrison. He had found James Lowes, a soldier discharged at Madras, to serve out the rest of his term. The Council granted the request. John Anderson, a matross, asked to be discharged, having served the Company for the full term he had signed for. The Council granted his request. The storekeeper presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Calcutta and the Colebrooke. Stores short delivered from the following ships Ship Calcutta Rice, 4 cwt 2 qr 18 lb, short in weight through loss in transit Paddy, 10 cwt 2 qr 0 lb, in seven bags, not delivered Ship Colebrooke Interpretations Hurst's substitute was James Lowes, who had just arrived on the Colebrooke as one of the passengers carried home at the Company's cost under the charter party. A discharged soldier from Madras could break his voyage at St Helena, take Hurst's remaining term and draw pay on the island. Hurst in turn could take the passage home. The exchange suited both men and cost the Company nothing, since the garrison kept its strength.
456	449	1776 Colebrooke C. 1 .. 2 .. 22 Rice short Weight occasioned by Wastage 16 .. 3 .. 24 Paddy in nineteen Bags not Delivered 18 Gallons Arrack. St. Helena 27th Feby. 1776. (Signed) Jonn. Doveton Storekeeper Being in Want of Timber to carry on the Company's Buildings, We have purchased of Captain Morris a Sheer Mast and of Captain Thompson a Sheer Mast and a Top Mast. We have likewise bought on Account of the Honble. Company of Captain Thomson fifty four hundred and five pounds Flour, twenty two Sheep and four Baskets of Garden Seeds, as per the following Bills for the payment whereof We have given Certificates. The Honble. Company Bought of Captn. Arthur Morris a Sheer Mast £ 20 .. .. Received, February the 27th 1776 Payment for Captain Morris (Signed) E. Towry	Ship Colebrooke Rice, 1 cwt 2 qr 22 lb, short in weight through loss in transit Paddy, 16 cwt 3 qr 24 lb, in nineteen bags, not delivered Arrack, 18 gallons Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 27 February 1776. The Council needed timber to carry on the Company's buildings. It therefore bought a sheer mast from Captain Arthur Morris and a sheer mast and a topmast from Captain Thomson. It also bought from Captain Thomson, on the Company's account, 5,405 lb of flour, 22 sheep and four baskets of garden seeds. The Council paid for all of these with certificates, against the following bills. The Honourable Company, bought of Captain Arthur Morris Sheer mast, 1, £20 0s 0d Edward Towey signed on 27 February 1776 to confirm receipt of payment on behalf of Captain Morris. Interpretations The Council again turned to ships' spars for its building timber, as it had in 1775 when a topmast went into the new houses. A sheer mast was long and heavy enough to serve as a main beam or as a crane for lifting stone. The island had no trees of that size left. Every passing ship carried spare spars that her commander could part with near the end of the voyage, so the Council bought from each ship in turn. Edward Towey was the purser of the Colebrooke. As the officer in charge of the ship's stores and accounts, he signed for the payment on his commander's behalf.
457	450	26th February The Honble. East India Company Dr. To Captain William Thomson and Owners of Ship Calcutta To C. 54 .. .. 5 Flour in 28 Bags with Bags &c. at £ 2 .. 10 per Bag £ 70 .. .. To 22 Sheep at 16/ 17 12 .. To 4 Baskets of Garden Seeds at £ 1 .. 10 6 .. .. To 50 per Cent Advanced upon Flour & Garden Seeds 38 .. .. To a Sheer Mast 20 .. .. To a Topmast 5 .. .. £ 156 12 .. St. Helena 27 Feby. 1776. Contents Received for Captain Wm. Thomson and Owners of the Ship Calcutta by Certificate (Signed) Jno. Bally John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Captain Thomson's bill for the goods supplied to the Company was recorded as follows. The Honourable East India Company, debtor to Captain William Thomson and the owners of the Calcutta Flour, 54 cwt 0 qr 5 lb in 28 bags, with the bags, at £2 10s 0d a bag, £70 0s 0d Sheep, 22 at 16s each, £17 12s 0d Garden seeds, 4 baskets at £1 10s 0d a basket, £6 0s 0d Advance of 50 per cent on the flour and garden seeds, £38 0s 0d Sheer mast, 1, £20 0s 0d Topmast, 1, £5 0s 0d Total, £156 12s 0d John Bally, purser, signed at St Helena on 27 February 1776 to confirm payment by certificate on behalf of Captain Thomson and the owners of the Calcutta. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry. Interpretations Thomson charged an advance of 50 per cent on the flour and seeds, twice the 25 per cent that Captain Rees had added to his Cape wheat in January 1776. The Council paid it without dispute. Much of the island's English flour had been found bad in 1775, and the stores were selling down the reserve. Fresh flour and seeds for the gardens could not wait for the next store ship, so the Council accepted the higher price. The commander had little reason to accept less when he knew the island had nowhere else to turn.
458	451	4th March At a Consultation held on Monday the 4th Day of March 1776, at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 26 February 1776 Wednesday the 28th February Sailed the Honble. Company's Ships Colebrooke and Calcutta for England. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	The Council met at the Castle on Monday 4 March 1776, with Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 26 February 1776. The Company's ships Colebrooke and Calcutta sailed for England on Wednesday 28 February 1776. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham signed the entry.
459	452	8th March At a Consultation held on Friday the 8th Day of March 1776 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Bazett Mr. William Wrangham of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 4th March 1776. Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on Board the Salisbury to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows Viz. Muster Roll of Ship Salisbury Philip Bromfield Commandr. Michael Lisellis 1st Mate Joseph Applegath 2d do. Ellis Barthill 3d do. Robt. Bowry 4th do. Chas. Tolme 5th do. Alexr. Shaw Surgeon Jacob Gay Purser Robt. Stewart Gunner James Snell Carpenter James Murdock Ships Stewd. Thos. Carnoide Midshipn. Robt. Cook do. Jos. Lanauze do. Mattw. Tomason do. Peter Parrels Qr. Master Michl. Fitzgerald do. Wm. Stewart do. W. Watson do. Thos. Holmes Captn. Steward Willm. Donald Cooper Saml. Underhill Caulker Patrick Campbell Captn. Cook John Foster Ships do. Wm. Todds Gunners Mate Wm. Banks Carpenters do. John Hall Boatswains do. Geo. Adams Caulkers do. Wm. Batchelor Coopers do. John Bowerton Butcher John McCan Baker Wm. Phillips Senr. Seaman David Fraser Joseph Thorp Wm. Phillips Junr. Wm. Cowman James Corbett John Heath John Scott Seaman Thos. Crane Jonas Halliburn Geo. Aberdeen Geo. Weir Willm. Calvert James Bostock Wm. Glardes Henry Thompson Geo. Coates Patrick Martin James Cunningham Thos. Ireland John Jackson Wm. McGregor Wm. Magnus Danl. Brothers Robt. Simmonds John Neave	The Council met at the Castle on Friday 8 March 1776. Governor Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham were present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 4 March 1776. William Wrangham reported that he had gone aboard the Salisbury to muster her crew and to search for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll followed. Muster roll of the ship Salisbury Philip Bromfield, commander Michael Lovelles, first mate Joseph Applegarth, second mate Ellis Bartlett, third mate Robert Bourny, fourth mate Charles Tobine, fifth mate Alexander Shaw, surgeon Toote Gay, purser Robert Stewart, gunner James Smith, carpenter James Murdock, ship's steward Thomas Carnoide, midshipman Robert Cook, midshipman Joseph Lanause, midshipman Matthew Tomasen, midshipman Peter Parrott, second mate's mate Michael Fitzgerald, second mate's mate William Stewart, second mate's mate William Watson, second mate's mate Thomas Holmes, captain's steward William Donald, cooper Samuel Underhill, caulker Patrick Campbell, captain's cook John Foster, ship's cook William Dodds, gunner's mate William Banks, carpenter's mate John Hall, boatswain's mate George Adams, caulker's mate William Batchelor, cooper's mate John Bowerston, butcher John McCann, baker William Phillips senior, seaman David Frazer, seaman Joseph Thorp, seaman William Phillips junior, seaman William Cowman, seaman James Corbett, seaman John Heath, seaman John Scott, seaman Thomas Crane, seaman Jonas Hallburn, seaman George Aberdeen, seaman George Weare, seaman William Calvert, seaman James Bostock, seaman William Glanders, seaman Henry Thompson, seaman George Coates, seaman Patrick Martin, seaman James Cunningham, seaman Thomas Ireland, seaman John Jackson, seaman William McGregor, seaman William Magnus, seaman David Brothers, seaman Robert Simmonds, seaman John Neave, seaman
460	453	1776 Wm. Smith Seaman Richd. Dingle John West Henry Harvey John Maxwell John Blue Richd. Joyce Geo. Clarkson Lebeun Harrowsmith Robt. Haines Benjn. Lane John Moyne John Murrow James King John Le Fargue Seaman Antonio Perez John Johnson Henry Tipler Peter Johnson Cornelius Dall John Climb Wm. Chamberlain Mich. Wales Henry Robinson John Lewis Fredk. Carey Albert Bams Casy Lopez Seaman Sebastian Yanne Nicholas Canning Domingo Mark Andw. Burnaman Conevan Liveling Jeremh. Palmer John Elliot John Parks Alexd. Donaldson Benjn. Hantopher Eusebius Holmes Jacd. Douglas Joseph Lock Passengers Mr. & Mrs. Batho Mr. & Mrs. Morris Mr. Murray Mr. Baker Mr. Rattray Mr. Harrington Mr. Harding Five Children Six Servants Charter Party Passengers Joseph King Donald McKenzie Alex. McCloud Richard Dixon James Ailsworthy James Willeby Henry Francis William Hogarth John Bailey John Key (Signed) Philip Bromfield Bought on Account of the Honorable Company of Captain Philip Bromfield, six hundred and eighty three pieces of Salt Meat at two Shillings per Piece, for which We have paid him sixty eight pounds, six Shillings, as per the following Bill.	The muster roll of the Salisbury continued with the rest of her crew and her passengers, and her commander, Philip Bromfield, signed it. William Smith, seaman Richard Dingle, seaman John West, seaman Henry Harvey, seaman John Maxwell, seaman John Blue, seaman Richard Joyce, seaman George Clarkson, seaman Lebuen Harrowsmith, seaman Robert Haines, seaman Benjamin Lane, seaman John Moyne, seaman John Murrow, seaman James King, seaman John Le Farque, seaman Antonio Perez, seaman John Johnson, seaman Henry Peplow, seaman Peter Johnson, seaman Cornelius Dall, seaman John Climb, seaman William Chamberlain, seaman Mark Wiles, seaman Henry Robinson, seaman John Lewis, seaman Frederick Carey, seaman Albert Barns, seaman Cary Lopez, seaman Sebastian Yanez, seaman Nicholas Canning, seaman Domingo Mark, seaman Andrew Burnaman, seaman Cornelius Livelong, seaman Jeremiah Palmer, seaman John Elliot, seaman John Parks, seaman Alexander Donaldson, seaman Benjamin Hantopher, seaman Eusebius Holmes, seaman David Douglas, seaman Joseph Leek, seaman Passengers Mr and Mrs Batho Mr and Mrs Morris Mr Murray Mr Baker Mr Ratray Mr Harrington Mr Harding Five children Six servants Passengers under the charter party Joseph King Donald McKenzie Alexander McCloud Richard Dixon James Allworthy James Willeby Henry Francis William Hogarth John Bailey John Kay The Council bought 683 pieces of salt meat for the Company from Captain Philip Bromfield at 2s a piece, and paid him £68 6s 0d under the following bill. Interpretations The Salisbury's crew included men with Spanish and Portuguese names such as Antonio Perez, Sebastian Yanez and Domingo Mark. Like the Portuguese-named sailors on the Anson, they were most likely Christians from Goa or the Coromandel coast, taken on in Bengal to replace English seamen lost to disease on the outward voyage. The Council paid Bromfield the island's standard 2s a piece for salt meat, the same rate it had paid every commander since 1775. The stores still held hundreds of casks, but buying fresh surplus from a homeward ship let the storekeeper issue the older, poorer stock first.
461	454	8 March The Honble. East India Company Bot. of Philip Bromfield 15 Tierces of Beef containg. 630 Pieces at 2/ £ 63 .. .. 1 Tierce of Pork 53 do. at 2/ 5 6 .. £ 68 6 .. Recd. in full for Captain Bromfield (Signed) Josh. Gay St. Helena 8th March 1775. The Storekeeper this Day Delivered the following Accounts of Stores short Received from Ship Salisbury Viz. Account of Stores short Received C. 7 .. 1 .. 24 Rice Short Weight 14 .. 2 .. 16 Paddy 2 .. .. 12 Sugar Short Delivered .. .. 6 Candles do. Weight 10 Gallons Arrack 12 do. Madeira Wine Short of the Gage 8th March 1776 (Signed) Jonn. Doveton Storekeeper John Skottowe Danl. Corneille M. Bazett Wm. Wrangham	Captain Bromfield's bill for the salt meat was recorded as follows. The Honourable East India Company, bought of Philip Bromfield Beef, 15 tierces containing 630 pieces at 2s a piece, £63 0s 0d Pork, 1 tierce containing 53 pieces at 2s a piece, £5 6s 0d Total, £68 6s 0d Joshua Gay signed at St Helena on 8 March 1776 to confirm receipt of the full sum on behalf of Captain Bromfield. The storekeeper presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Salisbury. Jonathan Doveton signed it on 8 March 1776, and Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham also signed it. Stores short delivered from the ship Salisbury Rice, 7 cwt 1 qr 24 lb, short in weight Paddy, 14 cwt 2 qr 16 lb, short delivered Sugar, 2 cwt 0 qr 12 lb, short delivered Candles, 0 cwt 0 qr 6 lb, short in weight Arrack, 10 gallons, short of the gauged measure Madeira wine, 12 gallons, short of the gauged measure Interpretations A tierce was a cask holding about a third of a pipe, the usual size for packing salt beef and pork for long voyages. Bromfield's casks were his ship's surplus provisions, sold on the island at the end of the voyage out of reach of the owners' accounts. The losses from the Salisbury were heavy. Paddy fell short by more than 14 cwt and the rice by 7 cwt. The Madeira lost 12 gallons from two pipes. Grain shrank and sweated in the hold on the long passage from Bengal, but losses of this size, together with the shortfalls on the Colebrooke and the Calcutta, were a recurring cost of supplying the island by sea. Each was recorded so that the Company could hold the ships' owners to account where the fault lay aboard.
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466	459	EAP 1364 St Helena Document Name and Date: ST HELENA RECORDS 1775-1776 Dimensions (height x width x depth) (cm): 47.5cm x 32cm x 6cm No. written pages: 455 No. blank pages: 4 Spine and cover: GOOD CONDITION Inside pages: FOXING PRESENT THROUGHOUT VOLUME PAGES NOT NUMBERED Additional comments: Time taken to photograph (hours): 3 hours